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Xie JH, Zhang Y, Loubeau M, Mangan P, Heimrich E, Tovar C, Zhou X, Madia P, Doyle M, Dudhgaonkar S, Rudra A, Subramani S, Young J, Salter-Cid L, Malek TR, Struthers M. Mouse IL-2/CD25 Fusion Protein Induces Regulatory T Cell Expansion and Immune Suppression in Preclinical Models of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Immunol 2021; 207:34-43. [PMID: 34108258 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2100078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is associated with an IL-2-deficient state, with regulatory T cells (Tregs) showing diminished immune regulatory capacity. A low dose of IL-2 has shown encouraging clinical benefits in SLE patients; however, its clinical utility is limited because of the requirement of daily injections and the observation of increase in proinflammatory cytokines and in non-Tregs. We recently showed that a fusion protein of mouse IL-2 and mouse IL-2Rα (CD25), joined by a noncleavable linker, was effective in treating diabetes in NOD mice by selectively inducing Treg expansion. In this report, we show that mouse IL-2 (mIL-2)/CD25 at doses up to 0.5 mg/kg twice a week induced a robust Treg expansion without showing signs of increase in the numbers of NK, CD4+Foxp3-, or CD8+ T cells or significant increase in proinflammatory cytokines. In both NZB × NZW and MRL/lpr mice, mIL-2/CD25 at 0.2-0.4 mg/kg twice a week demonstrated efficacy in inducing Treg expansion, CD25 upregulation, and inhibiting lupus nephritis based on the levels of proteinuria, autoantibody titers, and kidney histology scores. mIL-2/CD25 was effective even when treatment was initiated at the time when NZB × NZW mice already showed signs of advanced disease. Furthermore, we show coadministration of prednisolone, which SLE patients commonly take, did not interfere with the ability of mIL-2/CD25 to expand Tregs. The prednisolone and mIL-2/CD25 combination treatment results in improvements in most of the efficacy readouts relative to either monotherapy alone. Taken together, our results support further evaluation of IL-2/CD25 in the clinic for treating immune-mediated diseases such as SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny H Xie
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ;
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Martine Loubeau
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Paul Mangan
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | | | - Christian Tovar
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Xiadi Zhou
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Priyanka Madia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Michael Doyle
- Department of Discovery Protein Science, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Shailesh Dudhgaonkar
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; and
| | - Anjuman Rudra
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; and
| | - Siva Subramani
- Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research and Development Center, Syngene International Ltd., Bangalore, India; and
| | - James Young
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Luisa Salter-Cid
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ
| | - Thomas R Malek
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Mary Struthers
- Department of Discovery Biology, Bristol Myers Squibb, Princeton, NJ;
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Liu Q, Xiao HY, Batt DG, Xiao Z, Zhu Y, Yang MG, Li N, Yip S, Li P, Sun D, Wu DR, Ruzanov M, Sack JS, Weigelt CA, Wang J, Li S, Shuster DJ, Xie JH, Song Y, Sherry T, Obermeier MT, Fura A, Stefanski K, Cornelius G, Chacko S, Khandelwal P, Dudhgaonkar S, Rudra A, Nagar J, Murali V, Govindarajan A, Denton R, Zhao Q, Meanwell NA, Borzilleri R, Dhar TGM. Azatricyclic Inverse Agonists of RORγt That Demonstrate Efficacy in Models of Rheumatoid Arthritis and Psoriasis. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:827-835. [PMID: 34055233 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship studies directed toward the replacement of the fused phenyl ring of the lead hexahydrobenzoindole RORγt inverse agonist series represented by 1 with heterocyclic moieties led to the identification of three novel aza analogs 5-7. The hexahydropyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline series 5 (X = N, Y = Z=CH) showed potency and metabolic stability comparable to series 1 but with improved in vitro membrane permeability and serum free fraction. This structural modification was applied to the hexahydrocyclopentanaphthalene series 3, culminating in the discovery of 8e as a potent and selective RORγt inverse agonist with an excellent in vitro profile, good pharmacokinetic properties, and biologic-like in vivo efficacy in preclinical models of rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingjie Liu
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Hai-Yun Xiao
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Douglas G. Batt
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Zili Xiao
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Yeheng Zhu
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Michael G. Yang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Ning Li
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Shiuhang Yip
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Peng Li
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Dawn Sun
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Dauh-Rurng Wu
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Max Ruzanov
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - John S. Sack
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Carolyn A. Weigelt
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jinhong Wang
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Sha Li
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - David J. Shuster
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Jenny H. Xie
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Yunling Song
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Tara Sherry
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Mary T. Obermeier
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Aberra Fura
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Kevin Stefanski
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Georgia Cornelius
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Silvi Chacko
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Purnima Khandelwal
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Shailesh Dudhgaonkar
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Anjuman Rudra
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Jignesh Nagar
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Venkata Murali
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Arun Govindarajan
- Biocon Bristol Myers Squibb Research Centre, Biocon Park, Bommasandra IV Phase, Jigani Link Road, Bengaluru 560099, India
| | - Rex Denton
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Qihong Zhao
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Meanwell
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - Robert Borzilleri
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
| | - T. G. Murali Dhar
- Research and Early Development, Bristol Myers Squibb Company, Princeton, New Jersey 08540-4000, United States
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Delgoffe A, Miranda A, Rigal B, Lyasota A, Rudra A, Dwir B, Kapon E. Tilted-potential photonic crystal cavities for integrated quantum photonics. Opt Express 2019; 27:21822-21833. [PMID: 31510252 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.021822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We propose and investigate a new type of photonic crystal (PhC) cavity for integrated quantum photonics, which provides tailored optical modes with both confined and extended spatial components. The structures consist of elongated PhC cavities in which the effective index of refraction is varied quasi-linearly along their axis, implemented by systematic lateral shifts of the PhC holes. The confined modes have approximately Airy-function envelopes, exhibiting single peaks and extended tails, which is useful for optimizing single photon extraction and transmission in integrated quantum photonic devices. The measured spectrally resolved near-field patterns of such devices show the expected spatial and resonance wavelength behavior, in agreement with numerical simulations of the Airy-Bloch modes. The effects of fabrication-induced disorder on the mode features are also analyzed and discussed. Selective excitation of specific Airy-Bloch modes using integrated, site-controlled quantum dots as localized light sources is demonstrated. Based on the tilted-potential cavity, multiple-QD single photon emitters exploiting wavelength division multiplexing are proposed.
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Calic M, Jarlov C, Gallo P, Dwir B, Rudra A, Kapon E. Deterministic radiative coupling of two semiconductor quantum dots to the optical mode of a photonic crystal nanocavity. Sci Rep 2017. [PMID: 28642481 PMCID: PMC5481339 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-03989-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
A system of two site-controlled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) is deterministically integrated with a photonic crystal membrane nano-cavity. The two QDs are identified via their reproducible emission spectral features, and their coupling to the fundamental cavity mode is established by emission co-polarization and cavity feeding features. A theoretical model accounting for phonon interaction and pure dephasing reproduces the observed results and permits extraction of the light-matter coupling constant for this system. The demonstrated approach offers a platform for scaling up the integration of QD systems and nano-photonic elements for integrated quantum photonics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Calic
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C Jarlov
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Gallo
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Dwir
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Rudra
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Kapon
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Jarlov C, Wodey É, Lyasota A, Calic M, Gallo P, Dwir B, Rudra A, Kapon E. Effect of Pure Dephasing and Phonon Scattering on the Coupling of Semiconductor Quantum Dots to Optical Cavities. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:076801. [PMID: 27563983 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.076801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Using site-controlled semiconductor quantum dots (QDs) free of multiexcitonic continuum states, integrated with photonic crystal membrane cavities, we clarify the effects of pure dephasing and phonon scattering on exciton-cavity coupling in the weak-coupling regime. In particular, the observed QD-cavity copolarization and cavity mode feeding versus QD-cavity detuning are explained quantitatively by a model of a two-level system embedded in a solid-state environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Jarlov
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - É Wodey
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Lyasota
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Calic
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - P Gallo
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - B Dwir
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - A Rudra
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - E Kapon
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Chattopadhyay S, Rudra A, Ray M, Sengupta S, Goswami S. Legal Aspects in Obstetric Anesthesia. Nepal j obstet gynaecol 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v10i2.14327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obstetric anesthesia is a particularly high-risk sub-specialty of anesthesia and may lead to serious morbidities and even mortality. Good doctor-patient relation from the time of admission till discharge is the most important factor to avert future litigations. Any procedure done or planned should be clearly documented. Documentation should start with a valid consent in the patient’s own language, and have all three components of voluntariness, capacity and knowledge. A ‘Surgical Safety’ checklist is particularly helpful in documentation and decreasing errors. Safety of the mother (and her child) is paramount. Both regional as well as general anesthesia, either inadvertently or if not administered properly may be associated with morbidities like headache, pain and emotional distress. However, deaths do occur and general anesthesia is associated with care should be routine practice and inculcated by everyone involved in patient care.
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8
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Vijaya Kumar K, Rudra A, Sreedhara MV, Siva Subramani T, Prasad DS, Das ML, Murugesan S, Yadav R, Trivedi RK, Louis JV, Li YW, Bristow LJ, Naidu PS, Vikramadithyan RK. Bacillus Calmette-Guérin vaccine induces a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI)-resistant depression like phenotype in mice. Brain Behav Immun 2014; 42:204-11. [PMID: 25016199 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2014.06.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 06/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Preclinical studies have shown that administration of Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine induces depression-like behaviors in mice; however, the effect of antidepressant drug treatment has not been reported earlier. In the present study, we induced depression-like behavior by administering BCG vaccine to BALB/c mice. BCG treatment produced robust serum sickness as shown by a decrease in body weight, reduced spontaneous locomotor activity and reduced voluntary wheel running activity. BCG treatment also elevated plasma IL6 and IFNγ levels and produced a marked activation of lung IDO activity. At a time point when serum sickness-related behaviors had fully recovered (i.e., day 14) BCG-treated mice showed a significant increase in immobility in the forced swim test (FST) and tail suspension test (TST) indicative of a pro-depressant phenotype. We observed significant increase in [(3)H]PK11195 binding in cortex and hippocampus regions of BGC-treated mice in comparison to saline-treated mice indicating prominent neuroinflammation. Pharmacological evaluation of FST behavior in BCG-treated mice demonstrated selective resistance to the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) fluoxetine and escitalopram. In contrast the tricyclic antidepressant imipramine, the dual serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI) duloxetine, and the dual dopamine/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (DNRI) nomifensine retained antidepressant efficacy in these mice. The lack of efficacy with acute treatment with SSRIs could not be explained either by differences in drug exposure or serotonin transporter (SERT) occupancy. Our results demonstrate that BCG-vaccine induced depression like behavior is selectively resistant to SSRIs and could potentially be employed to evaluate novel therapeutic agents being developed to treat SSRI-resistance in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Vijaya Kumar
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Anjuman Rudra
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - M V Sreedhara
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - T Siva Subramani
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Durga Shiva Prasad
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Manish Lal Das
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Senthil Murugesan
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Rajbharan Yadav
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Ravi Kumar Trivedi
- Pharmaceutical Candidate Optimization, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Justin V Louis
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Yu-Wen Li
- Neuroscience Biology, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Linda J Bristow
- Neuroscience Biology, Research & Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, Wallingford, CT, USA
| | - Pattipati S Naidu
- Biology, Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Syngene International Limited, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India
| | - Reeba Kannimel Vikramadithyan
- Biology, Bristol-Myers Squibb India Pvt. Ltd., Biocon-Bristol Myers Squibb Research & Development Center, Biocon Park, Jigani Link Road, Bommasandra IV, Bangalore 560 099, India.
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Jarlov C, Atlasov KA, Ferrier L, Calic M, Gallo P, Rudra A, Dwir B, Kapon E. 1D and 2D arrays of coupled photonic crystal cavities with a site-controlled quantum wire light source. Opt Express 2013; 21:31082-31091. [PMID: 24514682 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.031082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We investigated experimentally 1D and 2D arrays of coupled L3 photonic crystal cavities. The optical modes of the coupled cavity arrays are fed by a site-controlled quantum wire light source. By performing photoluminescence measurements and relying on near-field calculation of the cavitiy modes, we evidence optical coupling between the cavities as well as supermode delocalization. In particular, for small cavity separations, fabrication induced disorder effects are shown to be negligible compared to optical coupling between cavities.
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Datta R, Chaturvedi R, Rudra A, Jaideep CN. End of life issues in the intensive care units. Med J Armed Forces India 2012; 69:48-53. [PMID: 24532934 DOI: 10.1016/j.mjafi.2012.03.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A structured discussion of End-of-Life (EOL) issues is a relatively new phenomenon in India. Personal beliefs, cultural and religious influences, peer, family and societal pressures affect EOL decisions. Indian law does not provide sanction to contentious issues such as do-not-resuscitate (DNR) orders, living wills, and euthanasia. Finally, published data on EOL decisions in Indian ICUs is lacking. What is needed is a prospective determination of which patients will benefit from aggressive management and life-support. A consensus regarding the concept of Medical Futility is necessary to give impetus to further discussion on more advanced policies including ideas such as Managed Care to restrict unnecessary health care costs, euthanasia, the principle of withhold and/or withdraw, ethical and moral guidelines that would govern decisions regarding futile treatment, informed consent to EOL decisions and do-not-resuscitate orders. This review examines the above concepts as practiced worldwide and looks at some landmark judgments that have shaped current Indian policy, as well as raising talking points for possible legislative intervention in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Datta
- Senior Advisor, Anaesthesiology, Army Hospital (R&R), New Delhi, India
| | - R Chaturvedi
- Dean & Deputy Commandant, CH (AF), Bangalore 560 007, India
| | - A Rudra
- Commanding Officer, 408 Field Hospital, C/o 56 APO, India
| | - C N Jaideep
- Associate Professor, Anaesthesiology, AFMC, Pune 40, India
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Surrente A, Felici M, Gallo P, Dwir B, Rudra A, Biasiol G, Sorba L, Kapon E. Ordered systems of site-controlled pyramidal quantum dots incorporated in photonic crystal cavities. Nanotechnology 2011; 22:465203. [PMID: 22032901 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/22/46/465203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The coupling of a prescribed number of site-controlled pyramidal quantum dots (QDs) with photonic crystal (PhC) cavities was studied by polarization and power-dependent photoluminescence measurements. The energy of the cavity mode could be readily tuned, making use of the high spectral uniformity of the QDs and designing PhC cavities with different hole radii. Efficient coupling of the PhC cavity modes both to the ground state and to the excited state transitions of the QDs was observed, whereas no evidence for far off-resonant coupling was found.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Surrente
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Dupertuis MA, Karlsson KF, Oberli DY, Pelucchi E, Rudra A, Holtz PO, Kapon E. Symmetries and the polarized optical spectra of exciton complexes in quantum dots. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 107:127403. [PMID: 22026800 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.107.127403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A systematic and simple theoretical approach is proposed to analyze true degeneracies and polarized decay patterns of exciton complexes in semiconductor quantum dots. The results provide reliable spectral signatures for efficient symmetry characterization, and predict original features for low C(2v) and high C(3v) symmetries. Excellent agreement with single quantum dot spectroscopy of real pyramidal InGaAs/AlGaAs quantum dots grown along [111] is demonstrated. The high sensitivity of biexciton quantum states to exact high symmetry can be turned into an efficient uninvasive postgrowth selection procedure for quantum entanglement applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Dupertuis
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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Calic M, Gallo P, Felici M, Atlasov KA, Dwir B, Rudra A, Biasiol G, Sorba L, Tarel G, Savona V, Kapon E. Phonon-mediated coupling of InGaAs/GaAs quantum-dot excitons to photonic crystal cavities. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:227402. [PMID: 21702633 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.227402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that the emission characteristics of site-controlled InGaAs/GaAs single quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal slab cavities correspond to single confined excitons coupled to cavity modes, unlike previous reports of similar systems based on self-assembled quantum dots. By using polarization-resolved photoluminescence spectroscopy at different temperatures and a theoretical model, we show that the exciton-cavity interaction range is limited to the phonon sidebands. Photon-correlation and pump-power dependence experiments under nonresonant excitation conditions further establish that the cavity is fed only by a single exciton.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Calic
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland.
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15
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Rudra A, Santra K, Mukherjee B. Poly [D, L-lactide-co-glycolide] Microspheres as a Delivery System of Protein Ovalbumin Used as a Model Protein Drug. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.3923/tasr.2011.47.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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16
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Rudra C, Bayir M, Demirbas M, Rudra A. Time-Activity Based Estimates of Fine Particulate Exposure Using Smartphones. Ann Epidemiol 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annepidem.2010.07.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) correlates positively with obesity and age, both of which are becoming increasingly prevalent. Obstructive sleep apnoea occurs much more frequently in clinical practice than formerly diagnosed, and that this condition represents complex challenges for difficulty in mask ventilation, laryngoscopic intubation, accelerated arterial desaturation, postoperative monitoring and discharge status. In this review article pathophysiology, diagnosis, and perioperative management of this group of patients have been discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India.
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18
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Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome (OSAS) is a common medical disorder among adults, which is increasingly being recognized in children too. It is a breathing disorder characterized by upper airway obstruction with or without intermittent complete obstruction that disrupts normal breathing during sleep. Anatomical and neuromuscular disorders are mainly responsible for this disorder. This disorder leads to a state of chronic hypoxemia, which has significant cardiac, pulmonary and central nervous system implications. Diagnosis of OSAS is based on thorough history and clinical examination along with appropriate sleep studies including polysomnography. The mainstay of treatment of paediatric OSAS is adenotonsillectomy. Good anaesthetic practice in Paediatric patients with OSAS revolves around good and ideal airway management. Early detection of airway obstruction, intense monitoring to warn of impending airway problems and appropriate and early intervention of airway compromise are good anaesthetic practices. Coexisting medical problems should be adequately addressed and safe analgesic techniques in the perioperative period go towards improving outcomes in patients with paediatric OSAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Apollo Gleneagles Hospital, Kolkata, India
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19
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Mahesh R, Pandey DK, Katiyar S, Kukade G, Viyogi S, Rudra A. Effect of anti-depressants on neuro-behavioural consequences following impact accelerated traumatic brain injury in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 2010; 48:466-473. [PMID: 20795363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of normal neuronal networks and neurotransmitters like serotonin and norepinephrine levels in post traumatic brain injury (TBI) are observed to be the primary causative agent for depression/anxiety. This communication reports the efficacy of various classes' anti-depressants in the treatment of depression/anxiety following TBI in rats. Chronic treatment with anti-depressants (escitalopram and venlafaxine) leads to improvement in the depressive/anxiogenic-like behaviour in the TBI rat and corroborates the notion of the involvement of serotonin and norepinephrine in the behavioural consequences of post-TBI. Chronic treatments with escitalopram and venlafaxine significantly reversed the effect of TBI as compared to vehicle-treated TBI group. The results showed a quantitative battery of neuro-behavioural functional assessments that correlates with neuronal damage following traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhakrishnan Mahesh
- Department of Pharmacy, FD-III, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Pilani 333 031, India
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Surrente A, Gallo P, Felici M, Dwir B, Rudra A, Kapon E. Dense arrays of ordered pyramidal quantum dots with narrow linewidth photoluminescence spectra. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:415205. [PMID: 19762950 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/41/415205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Arrays of site-controlled, pyramidal InGaAs/GaAs quantum dots (QDs) grown by organo-metallic chemical vapour deposition with densities comparable to those of self-assembled QDs (5 x 10(9) cm(-2)) are demonstrated. The QDs exhibit high quality photoluminescence spectra with inhomogeneous broadening of only 6.5 meV. The QD dipole moment was estimated through the analysis of time-resolved photoluminescence measurements. Such ordered QD arrays should be useful for applications in active nanophotonic systems such as QD lasers, modulators and switches requiring high overlap of the optical modes with the QD active region.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Surrente
- Laboratory of Physics of Nanostructures, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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Abstract
The disastrous entry of amniotic fluid into the maternal circulation leads to dramatic sequelae of clinical events, characteristically referred to as Amniotic fluid embolism (AFE). The underlying mechanism for AFE is still poorly understood. Unfortunately, this situation has very grave maternal and fetal consequences. AFE can occur during labor, caesarean section, dilatation and evacuation or in the immediate postpartum period. The pathophysiology is believed to be immune mediated which affects the respiratory, cardiovascular, neurological and hematological systems. Undetected and untreated it culminates into fulminant pulmonary edema, intractable convulsions, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), malignant arrhythmias and cardiac arrest. Definite diagnosis can be confirmed by identification of lanugo, fetal hair and fetal squamous cells (squames) in blood aspirated from the right ventricle. Usually the diagnosis is made clinically and by exclusion of other causes. The cornerstone of management is a multidisciplinary approach with supportive treatment of failing organs systems. Despite improved modalities for diagnosing AFE, and better intensive care support facilities, the mortality is still high.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, K.P.C. Medical College, Kolkata, India.
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22
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Iqbal A, Ahmed A, Rudra A, Wankhede RG, Sengupta S, Das T, Roy D. Prophylactic granisetron vs pethidine for the prevention of postoperative shivering: a randomized control trial. Indian J Anaesth 2009; 53:330-4. [PMID: 20640142 PMCID: PMC2900125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Shivering-the "Big Little Problem" has an incidence of 60% in early recovery phase following general anaesthesia. A number of techniques have been tried to prevent postoperative shivering. Previous study showed that, ondansetron in higher doses reduces postoperative shivering. Therefore, this study was done to compare the efficacy of prophylactic granisetron, pethidine and placebo in preventing postoperative shivering. Ninety patients aged 20-60yrs, ASA physical status I and II, scheduled for laparoscopic surgery under general anaesthesia were randomly allocated to receive either normal saline (Group S, n=30) as negative control, pethidine 25mg (Group P, n=30) as positive control or granisetron 40mcg.kg(-1) (Group G, n=30) intravenously before induction. The anaesthesia was induced with fentanyl 2mcg.kg(-1), propofol 2mg.kg(-1) and atracurium 0.5mg.kg(-1) and maintained with sevoflurane 1 - 1.5%. Nasopharyngeal temperature was measured throughout the procedure. An investigator, blinded to the treatment group, graded postoperative shivering in a scale of 0 to 4. (0= no shivering, 1= piloerection or peripheral vasoconstriction but no visible shivering, 2= muscle activity in only one muscle group 3= muscle activity in more than one muscle group, 4= shivering involving the whole body). Prophylaxis was regarded as ineffective if shivering was greater than grade 3 and intravenous pethidine 25 mg was administered as rescue medication. The three groups did not differ significantly regarding patient characteristics. The numbers of patients shivering on arrival in the recovery room at 15 minutes after operation were significantly less in Group P (7%) and Group G (17%) than in Group S (60%). Groups P and G differ significantly than in Group S (p<0.05). However, the difference between Groups P and G was not statistically significant (p>0.05). The prophylactic use of granisetron (40mcg.kg(-1)) and pethidine(25mg) intravenous were found to be effective in preventing postoperative shivering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asif Iqbal
- D.N.B.Resident, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata,Correspondence to: Asif Iqbal, 8/1 B, Mistri Para Lane, P.O. Entaly Kolkata- 14
| | - Ahsan Ahmed
- D.N.B.Resident, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata
| | - A Rudra
- Consultant, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata
| | | | | | - Tanmoy Das
- Consultant, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata
| | - Debasis Roy
- Consultant, Apollo Gleneagles Hospitals, Kolkata
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23
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Levy E, Tsukernik A, Karpovski M, Palevski A, Dwir B, Pelucchi E, Rudra A, Kapon E, Oreg Y. Luttinger-liquid behavior in weakly disordered quantum wires. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:196802. [PMID: 17155649 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.196802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2005] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the temperature dependence of the conductance in long V-groove quantum wires fabricated in GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructures. Our data are consistent with recent theories developed within the framework of the Luttinger-liquid model, in the limit of weakly disordered wires. We show that, for the relatively low level of disorder in our quantum wires, the value of the interaction parameter g congruent with 0.66, which is the expected value for GaAs. However, samples with a higher level of disorder show conductance with stronger temperature dependence, which does not allow their treatment in the framework of perturbation theory. Fitting such data with perturbation-theory models leads inevitably to wrong (lower) values of g.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Levy
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
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24
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Rudra A, Chatterjee S, Sengupta S, Sirohia S, Wankhade R, Das T. Fluid resuscitation in trauma. Indian J Crit Care Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.29843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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25
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Rudra A, Mondal M, Acharya A, Nayak S, Mukherjee S. Anaesthesia-related maternal mortality. J Indian Med Assoc 2006; 104:312-6. [PMID: 17058548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Complications of anaesthesia leading to death in young pregnant women might be prevented if more experienced personnel could be entrusted with the job. The contribution of anaesthesia to maternal mortality in the United Kingdom is 1.7 per million pregnancies with almost similar incidence from United States. The commonest single factor responsible for anaesthesia-related death is difficult or failed intubation. A pregnant woman with a potentially difficult airway should receive aspiration prophylaxis (mechanical or pharmacological) as soon as operative delivery is anticipated. Anaesthetists should make a plan that comes into effect as soon as failure to view the larynx or to intubate the trachea becomes evident. Unsuspected difficult airway can be managed if the skill of the anaesthetists is of high standard. Pulmonary aspiration is one cause of death in obstetric anaesthesia. Regurgitation and vomiting prevention can minimise pulmonary aspiration. In regional anaesthesia, local anaesthetics toxicity is another cause of concern. This should be tackled with some safe local anaesthetics. Preventing a high spinal or epidural block involves ways to detect inadvertent injection of local anaesthetic into the cerebrospinal fluid. Postoperative care after anaesthesia in obstetric cases is very important.
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MESH Headings
- Anesthesia, Conduction/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Conduction/standards
- Anesthesia, General/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, General/standards
- Anesthesia, Local/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Local/standards
- Anesthesia, Obstetrical/adverse effects
- Anesthesia, Obstetrical/methods
- Anesthesia, Obstetrical/standards
- Female
- Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology
- Gastroesophageal Reflux/mortality
- Humans
- Hypoxia/etiology
- Hypoxia/mortality
- Intubation, Intratracheal/adverse effects
- Intubation, Intratracheal/standards
- Maternal Mortality
- Pregnancy
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata 700014
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26
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27
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Rudra A, Chatterjee S, Kirtania J, Sengupta S, Moitra G, Sirohia S, Wankhade R, Banerjee S. Postoperative delirium. Indian J Crit Care Med 2006. [DOI: 10.4103/0972-5229.29842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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28
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Kumar P, Rudra A, Pan AK, Acharya A. Caudal Additives in Pediatrics: A Comparison Among Midazolam, Ketamine, and Neostigmine Coadministered with Bupivacaine. Anesth Analg 2005; 101:69-73, table of contents. [PMID: 15976208 DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000153862.95153.2e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Single-shot "kiddie caudal" with bupivacaine alone is losing popularity because of its duration of 4-8 h. In a prospective randomized double-blind clinical study, we assessed and compared the efficacy of ketamine, midazolam, and neostigmine coadministered with bupivacaine in a caudal epidural to provide intraoperative and postoperative pain relief. Eighty children (ASA status I) aged 5-10 yr undergoing unilateral inguinal herniotomy were allocated randomly in equal numbers (n = 20) into 4 groups to receive a caudal injection of 0.25% bupivacaine (1 mL/kg) with or without ketamine (0.5 mg/kg), midazolam (50 microg/kg), and neostig-mine (2 microg/kg), after the induction of standardized general anesthesia without premedication. Monitoring for pain, sedation, postoperative nausea/vomiting, dizziness, and pruritus was performed by anesthesiologists blinded to the study allocation. The time to first analgesic administration (paracetamol syrup) was longer (P < 0.05) in the bupivacaine-neostigmine group and the bupivacaine-midazolam group than in the other groups. Undesirable effects, such as emesis, pruritus, and dizziness, were comparable in all groups. However, the incidence of hallucination was more frequent in the bupivacaine-ketamine group compared with the other groups. This study shows that single-shot caudal coadministration of bupivacaine-neostigmine and bupivacaine-midazolam was associated with an extended duration of postoperative pain relief.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kumar
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Calcutta National Medical College, Kolkata, India.
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29
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Abstract
A 20 year-old male driver of a heavy duty crane, employed in an industry located in an industrial area on the outskirts of Delhi was fatally injured while repositioning an ill-fitted locking rim of a crane tyre (Fig. 1). The inner tube of the crane tyre had accidentally burst, dislodging the loose iron-locking rim, which hit the individual with a great force resulting in multiple injuries. He died on his way to the hospital.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rautji
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, 110029 New Delhi, India.
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30
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Biswas BN, Rudra A, Mandal SK. Comparison of ondansetron, dexamethasone, ondansetron plus dexamethasone and placebo in the prevention of nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic tubal ligation. J Indian Med Assoc 2003; 101:638, 640, 642. [PMID: 15198411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Laparoscopic tubal ligation is associated with an appreciably high rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting. This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of ondansetron, dexamethasone, ondansetron plus dexamethasone or placebo in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients after laparoscopic tubal ligation. In a prospective, randomised, double blind placebo controlled trial, 160 ASA I-II females received one of four regimens; ondansetron 4 mg, dexamethasone 8 mg, ondansetron 4 mg plus dexamethasone 8 mg or placebo (n=40 each) intravenously immediately before induction of anaesthesia. Patients were then observed for 24 hours postoperatively. The incidence of emetic episodes in the ondansetron with dexamethasone group was lower than in the placebo (p<0.001) and ondansetron (p=0.091) and dexamethasone (p=0.143) groups. A complete response (as no postoperative nausea and vomiting) was achieved in 60% of patients given ondansetron, 63% of the patients given dexamethasone, 78% of patients given ondansetron with dexamethasone and 37% of patients received placebo. The prophylactic use of ondansetron with dexamethasone is more effective in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Biswas
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Bankura Sammilani Medical College & Hospital
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31
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Abstract
One hundred and fifty three unselected autopsy cases of electrocution received from South Delhi were studied during the period 1996-2001. Data for the study was gathered from autopsy reports and hospital records. The cases represented approximately 1.98% of all autopsy cases received from South Delhi at the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi (India). Data was analysed with regard to the age and sex of the victim, season of the year, site of the body, time of day, place of occurrence and presence of entry and exit wounds on the body. Death occurred at the scene of the fatal event in 150 cases and three cases died in hospital. Three cases showed no electric burn marks on the body; the cause of death in one of these cases was polytrauma due to a fall from a height and one case had committed suicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rautji
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029 India.
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32
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Abstract
A 20-year-old girl along with four of her friends, all in their early 20s, met with a fatal accident in the early hours of the day. Their car was hit by a speeding truck at a crossing. All the occupants of the car sustained multiple injuries and died on the spot. The girl was decapitated in the accident. Her head was recovered outside the mangled remains of the vehicle and the rest of the body was extracted from the co-driver's seat of the damaged vehicle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Rautji
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi 110029, India.
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Abstract
A 50-year old cobbler, employed in a paramilitary unit, was found dead in a pool of blood in his shop inside the unit line in the morning. He had multiple stab wounds on his chest and was alleged to have committed suicide by repeated self-stabbing on the chest with a sharp iron chisel, which was found clenched in his right hand by the investigating officer. Fifteen wounds were communicating with the chest cavity, injuring the vital anatomical structures. The individual, according to the unit personnel, was not suffering from any physical or mental disorder and was not on any medication.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Rautji
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, AIIMS, New Delhi, 110029, India.
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34
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Biswas BN, Rudra A. Comparison of granisetron and granisetron plus dexamethasone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2003; 47:79-83. [PMID: 12492802 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2003.470114.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic cholecystectomies are associated with an appreciably high rate of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). This study was designed to compare the effectiveness of granisetron plus dexamethasone with granisetron alone for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients after laparoscopic cholecystectomy. METHODS In a randomized, double-blind study, 120 patients of both sexes received granisetron 40 micro g kg-1 alone or granisetron 40 micro g kg-1 plus dexamethasone 8 mg (n=60 of each) intravenously immediately before induction of anesthesia. Perioperative anesthetic care was standardized in all patients. Patients were then observed for 24 h after administration of the study drug. RESULTS A complete response (defined as no PONV and no need for another rescue antiemetic) was achieved in 83% of the patients given granisetron and in 95% of the patients given granisetron plus dexamethasone (P<0.05). The overall cumulative incidences (0-24 h) of PONV were 11 (18.3%) in the granisetron and three (5%) in the combination group. No difference in adverse events were observed in any of the groups. CONCLUSION The combination (granisetron plus dexamethasone) further increases the chance of complete response than granisetron alone. Therefore, the combination might be considered clinically relevant in a high risk setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- B N Biswas
- Department of Anesthesiology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, India.
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35
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Abstract
The mass-transfer coefficient of a free-fall cascade-aerator unit of 15 million litres per day was evaluated for its efficiency in the removal of a class of volatile organics, the trihalomethanes (THMs). These compounds are carcinogenic and occur as a result of chlorination of natural waters. Due to the volatile nature of the THMs, the efficiency of aeration as a potential technique for their removal has been studied. The principle behind aeration is gas-transfer, according to which the gas-liquid interface is hypothesized to consist of a gas and liquid film through which gas is transferred by molecular diffusion until equilibrium is attained. The overall mass transfer coefficient (K(L)) of the aerator considering oxygen as the reference compound, was found to be 29.3 hr(-1) for THMs.
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Affiliation(s)
- N P Thacker
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur, India.
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36
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Sen A, Rudra A, Sarkar SK, Biswas B. Intrathecal midazolam for postoperative pain relief in caesarean section delivery. J Indian Med Assoc 2001; 99:683-4, 686. [PMID: 12022217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/18/2023]
Abstract
Postoperative pain relief is a growing concern to an anaesthesiologist since no single analgesic is free from side-effects. Moreover, it becomes a challenge after caesarean section delivery to provide postoperative pain relief without much sedation, respiratory depression or problems like nausea, vomiting, so that early baby acceptance and care by mother is promoted. Antinociceptive effect of midazolam is well established by now and its safety is documented. This observation was made in a blind randomised study of 40 women of ASA I/II to evaluate postoperative pain relief using intrathecal midazolam in caesarean section delivery. Group A patients (n=20) received 1.5 ml of 5% lignocaine only and group B patients (n=20) received mixture of 1.5 ml 5% lignocaine with 2 mg midazolam (preservative free) through intrathecal route at L3.4 interspace; vital parameters were monitored intra-operatively and postoperatively and Apgar score of baby in 1st and 5th minute of deliverywas assessed. It was observed intrathecal midazolam produced highly significant (p<0.001) postoperative pain relief together with anti-emetic effect and tranquillity of patients of caesarean section delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Calcutta National Medical College and Hospital, India
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37
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Titus A, Rudra A, Thacker NP, Titus SK, Shekdar AV. Isolation and characterisation of organochlorine pesticides residues from landfill sites. Indian J Environ Health 2001; 43:190-3. [PMID: 12395526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2023]
Abstract
Organochlorine pesticides (OClPs) have been analysed in the soil samples collected from landfill site, which was abandoned for more than ten years. The most commonly used OClPs of the region were identified and analysed in the soil samples collected at various depths. The method involves extraction of OClPs by soxhlet assembly, concentration cleanup by alumina and florisil columns and gas chromatographic analysis. Among OClPs analysed, g-HCH concentration was found maximum at 5 m layer and minimum at the bottom layer. p,p'-DDT was not found in any of the layers, this could be due to its degradation into its metabolites like p,p'-DDE and p,p'-DDD. p,p'-DDE was detected in 2 m, 5 m and bottom (7 m) layer while p,p'-DDD was found only at 2 m level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Titus
- National Environmental Engineering Research Institute, Nagpur-440 020
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38
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Martinet E, Dupertuis MA, Sirigu L, Oberli D, Rudra A, Leifer K, Kapon E. Direct Observation of New Transitions in the Absorption Spectra of a V-Groove Quantum Wire Waveguide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-396x(200003)178:1<233::aid-pssa233>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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39
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Mitra D, Ray M, Dutta S, Sarkar A, Rudra A. Comparison between two different modes of oxygen therapy during immediate postoperative period following mitral commisurotomy. J Indian Med Assoc 1998; 96:300-1. [PMID: 10063296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Hypoxaemia is a common postoperative problem after thoracotomy. Oxygen therapy with continuous monitoring by pulse oximetry should be a routine practice. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy between nasal cannula and ventimask for post-thoracotomy oxygen supplementation on 20 patients divided into 2 groups of 10 each undergoing closed mitral commisurotomy. The study period was of 5 months duration from March to July, 1996. The mean oxygen saturation remained above 98% in both the groups receiving oxygen either by nasal cannula or ventimask. As there was adequate oxygenation, the cost benefit ratio favours the use of nasal cannula for routine postoperative oxygen supplementation in the closed mitral commisurotomy patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Mitra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta
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Berseth CA, Schönberg A, Dehaese O, Leifer K, Rudra A, Kapon E. Experimental method for high-accuracy reflectivity-spectrum measurements. Appl Opt 1998; 37:6671-6676. [PMID: 18301476 DOI: 10.1364/ao.37.006671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
An experimental method for accurate measurements of the reflectivity spectrum of mirrors is presented. It combines the noise reduction obtained with multiple beam reflections on two identical mirrors; high-beam quality, owing to the use of single-mode optical fibers; and high immunity against intensity variations of the beam. This method is demonstrated for characterizing a 30-period GaAs/Al(0.65)Ga(0.35)As distributed Bragg reflector designed for long-wavelength vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers. Its peak reflectivity is found to be 99.43 ? 0.04% at 1.562 mum, and an optical absorption coefficient of alpha = 36 ? 6 cm(-1) is derived. The peak internal reflectivity of this distributed Bragg reflector used as the top mirror in a wafer-fused vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser is calculated to be 98.87 ? 0.12%, and the transmission is 0.28%.
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Pan AK, Mukherjee P, Rudra A. Role of epidural tramadol hydrochloride on postoperative pain relief in caesarean section delivery. J Indian Med Assoc 1997; 95:105-6. [PMID: 9357271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Two groups comprising 25 patients in each went for caesarean section delivery under epidural anaesthesia. Group I patients received 50 mg (1 ml) of tramadol hydrochloride with 14 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000) and group II cases received 15 ml of 2% lignocaine with adrenaline (1:200,000). Both the groups of patients were comparable in age and body weight. In both the groups, there were good operative conditions, insignificant changes in pulse and blood pressure. The neonatal status was also similar in both the groups. The patients belonging to group I showed longer duration (15.39 +/- 0.45 hours) of analgesia in comparison to group II patients (2.46 +/- 0.54 hours).
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Affiliation(s)
- A K Pan
- NRS Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta
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Mur LC, Harmans CJ, Mooij JE, Carlin JF, Rudra A, Ilegems M. Experimental indication for supercurrents carried by opened transport channels. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1996; 54:R2327-R2330. [PMID: 9986169 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.54.r2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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43
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Roy S, Rudra A. Anaesthesia in maxillofacial injuries: a challenge to the anaesthesiologist. J Indian Med Assoc 1994; 92:378-80. [PMID: 7890947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Roy
- Department of Anaesthesiology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta
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Rudra A, Ray M. Current opinion in cardiopulmonary resuscitation. J Indian Med Assoc 1994; 92:345-6. [PMID: 7822854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, NRS Medical College and Hospital, Calcutta
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Rudra A, Das AK. Management of head injury. J Indian Med Assoc 1994; 92:196-9. [PMID: 7930660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, NRS Medical College, Calcutta
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Fuchs G, Hörer J, Hangleiter A, Rudra A. Carrier-induced localization in In-Ga-As/In-Ga-As-P separate-confinement quantum-well structures. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 48:15175-15181. [PMID: 10008052 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.48.15175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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47
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Marsi M, Houdré R, Rudra A, Ilegems M, Gozzo F, Coluzza C, Margaritondo G. Artificial band discontinuities at GaAs homojunctions. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1993; 47:6455-6459. [PMID: 10004612 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.47.6455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Rudra A, Mitra A, Pan AK, Roy M. Postherpetic neuralgia and its managements. J Indian Med Assoc 1993; 91:46-47. [PMID: 8501317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Rudra
- Department of Anaesthesiology, NRS Medical College, Calcutta
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Coluzza C, Tuncel E, Staehli J, Baudat PA, Margaritondo G, McKinley JT, Ueda A, Barnes AV, Albridge RG, Tolk NH, Martin D, Morier-Genoud F, Dupuy C, Rudra A, Ilegems M. Interface measurements of heterojunction band lineups with the Vanderbilt free-electron laser. Phys Rev B Condens Matter 1992; 46:12834-12836. [PMID: 10003221 DOI: 10.1103/physrevb.46.12834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
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Abid SA, Kundu JP, Rudra A. Study of circle system without absorber under controlled ventilation with limited fresh gas flow. J Indian Med Assoc 1992; 90:121-4. [PMID: 1517612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A biphasic controlled randomised study was conducted to evaluate the differences in fresh gas flow with alterations in different anaesthetic parameters, on 15 adult female patients of American Society of Anesthetists grade I or II, who underwent elective gynaecological operations with identical premedication and anaesthetic technique in which absorber was by-passed. Intermittent positive pressure ventilation was maintained with a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg and fixed respiratory frequency of 16/minute with inspiratory:expiratory ratio of 1:2. N2O (67%) in O2, a non-depolarising muscle relaxant and a narcotic analgesic were used to maintain the anaesthesia, muscle relaxation and analgesia respectively. Phase I and II of the study were characterised by fresh gas flow of 81/minute and 5.61/minute respectively during steady state and data of both phases were collected every 30 seconds for 5 minutes. Arterial blood samples for arterial CO2 and O2 tension studies were taken towards the end of 5-minute period. In phase I a mean fractional concentration of end tidal CO2 of 3.43% +/- 0.42 (p less than 0.01) and a mean arterial tension of CO2 of 24.06 mm of Hg +/- 4.07 were obtained. In phase II mean fractional concentration of end tidal CO2 3.81% +/- 0.39 (p less than 0.01) and mean arterial O2 of 28 mm Hg +/- 2.32 were obtained. Mean arterial blood O2 saturation was above 99% and mean arterial O2 tension was above 160 mmHg in both the phases. The results were statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Abid
- Department of Anaesthesiology, NRS Medical College, Calcutta
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