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Loelius SG, Lannan KL, Casey AE, Spinelli SL, Phipps RP. Antiretroviral drugs and tobacco smoke dysregulate human platelets: A novel investigation into the etiology of HIV co-morbid cardiovascular disease. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.125.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
While antiretroviral drugs (ARVs) successfully suppress Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), HIV-infected persons still have a shorter lifespan and are at higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) compared to uninfected persons. CVD is the number one cause of death globally, and is now appreciated as an inflammatory disease. HIV-infected persons experience chronic inflammation, thought to be caused by low levels of HIV proteins, daily use of ARVs, and increased rates of smoking. The impact of ARVs on CVD risk remains unclear, with some studies linking ARVs to CVD. Additionally, when controlled for smoking status HIV-infected persons were still at greater risk for CVD. Platelets are important in the development of CVD, but the effects of ARVs on platelets are unstudied. Additionally, cigarette smoke is known to activate platelets, inducing inflammation. Our novel study investigates the effects of ARVs and cigarette smoke, alone and in combination, on human platelet function. Our striking in vitro findings demonstrate that the ARVs Ritonavir and Darunavir, as well as cigarette smoke, dysregulate platelet function. Treatment with the protease inhibitor Ritonavir resulted in a dose-dependent increase in platelet production of proinflammatory mediator prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) (p<0.001). Additionally, when combined with cigarette smoke, Darunavir induced production of PGE2 (p<0.01). Combined doses of Ritonavir and Darunavir at physiological concentrations inhibited platelet spreading, similar to the effect of cigarette smoke. We hypothesize that cigarette smoke and ARVs act in combination to activate platelets and thus contribute to the chronic inflammation which leads to CVD.
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Spinelli SL, Lannan KL, Casey AE, Croasdell A, Curran TM, Henrichs KF, Pollock SJ, Milne GA, Refaai MA, Francis CW, Phipps RP, Blumberg N. Isoprostane and isofuran lipid mediators accumulate in stored red blood cells and influence platelet function in vitro. Transfusion 2013; 54:1569-79. [PMID: 24192515 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 09/05/2013] [Accepted: 09/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stored red blood cells (RBCs) release hemoglobin (Hb) that leads to oxidative damage, which may contribute to thrombosis in susceptible transfusion recipients. Oxidative stress stimulates the generation of a new class of lipid mediators called F2 -isoprostanes (F2 -IsoPs) and isofurans (IsoFs) that influence cellular behavior. This study investigated RBC-derived F2 -IsoPs and IsoFs during storage and their influence on human platelets (PLTs). STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS F2 -IsoP and IsoF levels in RBC supernatants were measured by mass spectrometry during storage and after washing. The effects of stored supernatants, cell-free Hb, or a key F2 -IsoP, 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α ), on PLT function were examined in vitro. RESULTS F2 -IsoPs, IsoFs, and Hb accumulated in stored RBC supernatants. Prestorage leukoreduction reduced supernatant F2 -IsoPs and IsoFs levels, which increased again over storage time. Stored RBC supernatants and 8-iso-PGF2α induced PLT activation marker CD62P (P-selectin) expression and prothrombotic thromboxane A2 release. Cell-free Hb did not alter PLT mediator release, but did inhibit PLT spreading. Poststorage RBC washing reduced F2 -IsoP and IsoF levels up to 24 hours. CONCLUSIONS F2 -IsoPs and IsoFs are produced by stored RBCs and induce adverse effects on PLT function in vitro, supporting a potential novel role for bioactive lipids in adverse transfusion outcomes. F2 -IsoP and IsoF levels could be useful biomarkers for determining the suitability of blood components for transfusion. A novel finding is that cell-free Hb inhibits PLT spreading and could adversely influence wound healing. Poststorage RBC washing minimizes harmful lipid mediators, and its use could potentially reduce transfusion complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry L Spinelli
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York
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Refaai MA, Carter J, Henrichs KF, Davidson DC, Pollock SJ, Casey AE, Spinelli SL, Phipps RP, Francis CW, Blumberg N. Alterations of platelet function and clot formation kinetics after in vitro exposure to anti-A and -B. Transfusion 2012; 53:382-93. [PMID: 22624532 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2012.03718.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ABO-mismatched platelets (PLTs) are commonly transfused despite reported complications. We hypothesized that because PLTs possess A and B antigens on their surface, ABO-mismatched transfused or recipient PLTs could become activated and/or dysfunctional after exposure to anti-A or -B in the transfused or recipient plasma. We present here in vitro modeling data on the functional effects of exposure of PLTs to ABO antibodies. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS PLT functions of normal PLTs of all ABO types were assessed before and after incubation with normal saline, ABO-identical plasma samples, or O plasma samples with varying titers of anti-A and anti-B (anti-A/B). Assays used for this assessment include PLT aggregation, clot kinetics, thrombin generation, PLT cytoskeletal function, and mediator release. RESULTS Exposure of antigen-bearing PLTs to O plasma with moderate to high titers of anti-A/B significantly inhibits aggregation, prolongs PFA-100 epinephrine closure time, disrupts clot formation kinetics, accelerates thrombin generation, reduces total thrombin production, alters PLT cytoskeletal function, and influences proinflammatory and prothrombotic mediator release. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate a wide range of effects that anti-A/B have on PLT function, clot formation, thrombin generation, PLT cytoskeletal function, and mediator release. These data provide potential explanations for clinical observations of increased red blood cell utilization in trauma and surgical patients receiving ABO-nonidentical blood products. Impaired hemostasis caused by anti-A/B interacting with A and B antigens on PLTs, soluble proteins, and perhaps even endothelial cells is a potential contributing factor to hemorrhage in patients receiving larger volumes of ABO-nonidentical transfusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majed A Refaai
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, the James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Lehmann GM, Xi X, Kulkarni AA, Olsen KC, Pollock SJ, Baglole CJ, Gupta S, Casey AE, Huxlin KR, Sime PJ, Feldon SE, Phipps RP. The aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligand ITE inhibits TGFβ1-induced human myofibroblast differentiation. Am J Pathol 2011; 178:1556-67. [PMID: 21406171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2010.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Fibrosis can occur in any human tissue when the normal wound healing response is amplified. Such amplification results in fibroblast proliferation, myofibroblast differentiation, and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. Occurrence of these sequelae in organs such as the eye or lung can result in severe consequences to health. Unfortunately, medical treatment of fibrosis is limited by a lack of safe and effective therapies. These therapies may be developed by identifying agents that inhibit critical steps in fibrotic progression; one such step is myofibroblast differentiation triggered by transforming growth factor-β1 (TGFβ1). In this study, we demonstrate that TGFβ1-induced myofibroblast differentiation is blocked in human fibroblasts by a candidate endogenous aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) ligand 2-(1'H-indole-3'-carbonyl)-thiazole-4-carboxylic acid methyl ester (ITE). Our data show that ITE disrupts TGFβ1 signaling by inhibiting the nuclear translocation of Smad2/3/4. Although ITE functions as an AhR agonist, and biologically persistent AhR agonists, such as 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin, cause severe toxic effects, ITE exhibits no toxicity. Interestingly, ITE effectively inhibits TGFβ1-driven myofibroblast differentiation in AhR(-/-) fibroblasts: Its ability to inhibit TGFβ1 signaling is AhR independent. As supported by the results of this study, the small molecule ITE inhibits myofibroblast differentiation and may be useful clinically as an antiscarring agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geniece M Lehmann
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Abstract
A study of the red blood cells, hemoglobin, blood platelets, and the total and individual white blood cells was made on 180 male rabbits of known age and representing fifteen standard breeds. An attempt was made to eliminate or bold constant such variables as age, sex, season, time of examination, technical errors, food, housing, and disease. The mean, variance of the mean, and standard deviation were calculated for each breed sample and for the group as a whole. An analysis of the variance showed that the variation between the breed samples was significantly greater than the variation within the breed samples for the red blood cells, hemoglobin, blood platelets, total white blood cells, basophiles, eosinophiles, and lymphocytes per cubic millimeter and in per cent and the neutrophiles in per cent. No significant variations were detected in the monocytes except when the breeds were divided into heavy and light breeds. No variation in the neutrophiles per cubic millimeter was detected; a large number of the breeds had exactly the same mean neutrophile level. Characteristic blood formulae were found for the various breed samples having an adequate numerical representation. It was concluded that the varying blood formulae could not be explained on any other, except an hereditary (genetic) basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Casey
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Casey AE, Pearce L. STUDIES ON THE BLOOD CYTOLOGY OF THE RABBIT : VIII. THE BLOOD OF NORMAL RABBITS AS AN INDEX OF THEIR RESISTANCE TO A TRANSPLANTABLE NEOPLASM. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 54:475-92. [PMID: 19869934 PMCID: PMC2132025 DOI: 10.1084/jem.54.4.475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
1. The blood cytology of 91 rabbits was studied prior to inoculation with a transplantable malignant neoplasm. The following statements refer in each instance to the mean values of the pre-inoculation counts. 2. The animals which were most resistant to the malignant disease had, before inoculation, normal red and white cell counts, normal hemoglobin percentages, high eosinophile counts, and low counts of monocytes and lymphocytes. The relations of the neutrophile and basophile counts were irregular, but normal values also appeared to be associated with greater resistance. 3. The most susceptible animals were those which had, before inoculation, red cell counts above 5,500,000 or below 5,000,000 per c.mm.; hemoglobin above 70 per cent or below 60 per cent (Newcomer); white cell counts below 6,000 or above 8,500 per c.mm.; low eosinophile, high monocyte, or high lymphocyte counts. 4. No animal with any of the following findings prior to inoculation recovered completely from the tumor as determined by autopsy examination: red cells above 5,500,000 per c.mm. of blood; hemoglobin above 70 per cent; total white cells above 10,000 per c.mm.; eosinophiles below 120 per c.mm., or below the relative value of 1.5 per cent; basophiles below 400 per c.mm., or below the relative value of 6 per cent; lymphocytes above 3,600 per c.mm.; monocytes above 1,500 per c.mm.; neutrophiles above 5,000 per c.mm.; and total granular cells above 5,700 per c.mm. In the case of each of the following pre-inoculation values, only 1 animal was completely free from tumor at autopsy: hemoglobin below 60 per cent; red cells below 4,800,000 per c.mm.; total granular cells below 3,300 per c.mm.; total non-granular cells below 2,300 per c.mm.; total non-granular cells above 3,700 per c.mm. No animal with pre-inoculation eosinophiles above 3.9 per cent, or basophiles above 16 per cent died from the tumor. 5. The blood findings before inoculation could be related to the character and outcome of the malignant disease, from the standpoint of animal groups as well as in the case of individual rabbits. 6. From the results of the experiments here reported, it seems possible to predict with an accuracy of between 80 and 90 per cent the individual resistance or susceptibility of rabbits to the tumor by a study of their blood cells before inoculation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A E Casey
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Abstract
A study of the blood cytology of normal male rabbits was carried out from October 20, 1927 to November 22, 1928 in connection with an investigation of constitutional and environmental factors related to the occurrence and course of disease. In 1110 observations on 174 animals, total red and white cells counts, differential white cell counts by the supravital method, and hemoglobin estimations were made. A statistical analysis of the results obtained is presented. Attention is directed to the occurrence of wide variations in the numbers of the various white cells as contrasted with comparatively small variations in the numbers of red cells and of hemoglobin content. The results recorded are regarded as representing approximate rather than fixed values of normality.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pearce
- Laboratories of The Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research
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Spinelli SL, Casey AE, Pollock SJ, Gertz JM, McMillan DH, Narasipura SD, Mody NA, King MR, Maggirwar SB, Francis CW, Taubman MB, Blumberg N, Phipps RP. Platelets and megakaryocytes contain functional nuclear factor-kappaB. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2009; 30:591-8. [PMID: 20042710 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.109.197343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the presence and role of NF-kappaB proteins in megakaryocytes and platelets. The nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) transcription factor family is well known for its role in eliciting inflammation and promoting cell survival. We discovered that human megakaryocytes and platelets express the majority of NF-kappaB family members, including the regulatory inhibitor-kappaB (I-kappaB) and I-kappa kinase (IKK) molecules. METHODS AND RESULTS Anucleate platelets exposed to NF-kappaB inhibitors demonstrated impaired fundamental functions involved in repairing vascular injury and thrombus formation. Specifically, NF-kappaB inhibition diminished lamellapodia formation, decreased clot retraction times, and reduced thrombus stability. Moreover, inhibition of I-kappaB-alpha phosphorylation (BAY-11-7082) reverted fully spread platelets back to a spheroid morphology. Addition of recombinant IKK-beta or I-kappaB-alpha protein to BAY inhibitor-treated platelets partially restored platelet spreading in I-kappaB-alpha inhibited platelets, and addition of active IKK-beta increased endogenous I-kappaB-alpha phosphorylation levels. CONCLUSIONS These novel findings support a crucial and nonclassical role for the NF-kappaB family in modulating platelet function and reveal that platelets are sensitive to NF-kappaB inhibitors. As NF-kappaB inhibitors are being developed as antiinflammatory and anticancer agents, they may have unintended effects on platelets. On the basis of these data, NF-kappaB is also identified as a new target to dampen unwanted platelet activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sherry L Spinelli
- Department of Environmental Medicine, Box 850, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, New York 14642, USA
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Springer DL, Miller JH, Spinelli SL, Pasa-Tolic L, Purvine SO, Daly DS, Zangar RC, Jin S, Blumberg N, Francis CW, Taubman MB, Casey AE, Wittlin SD, Phipps RP. Platelet proteome changes associated with diabetes and during platelet storage for transfusion. J Proteome Res 2009; 8:2261-72. [PMID: 19267493 DOI: 10.1021/pr800885j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human platelets play a key role in hemostasis and thrombosis and have recently emerged as key regulators of inflammation. Platelets stored for transfusion produce pro-thrombotic and pro-inflammatory mediators implicated in adverse transfusion reactions. Correspondingly, these mediators are central players in pathological conditions including cardiovascular disease, the major cause of death in diabetics. In view of this, a mass spectrometry based proteomics study was performed on platelets collected from healthy and type-2 diabetics stored for transfusion. Strikingly, our innovative and sensitive proteomic approach identified 122 proteins that were either up- or down-regulated in type-2 diabetics relative to nondiabetic controls and 117 proteins whose abundances changed during a 5-day storage period. Notably, our studies are the first to characterize the proteome of platelets from diabetics before and after storage for transfusion. These identified differences allow us to formulate new hypotheses and experimentation to improve clinical outcomes by targeting "high risk platelets" that render platelet transfusion less effective or even unsafe.
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Affiliation(s)
- David L Springer
- Fundamental Science Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, 902 Battelle Boulevard, Richland Washington 99352, USA.
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Burris CA, de Silva S, Narrow WC, Casey AE, Lotta LT, Federoff HJ, Bowers WJ. Hexamethylene bisacetamide leads to reduced helper virus-free HSV-1 amplicon expression titers via suppression of ICP0. J Gene Med 2008; 10:152-64. [PMID: 18058952 PMCID: PMC2440655 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived amplicon vector has evolved into a promising gene transfer platform for widespread DNA delivery in gene replacement strategies and vaccine development given its ease of molecular manipulation, large transgene capacity, and transduction efficiencies of numerous cell types in vivo. The recent development of helper virus-free packaging methodologies bodes well for this vector system in its eventual implementation as a clinically viable therapeutic modality. For realization of clinical application, efforts have been made to enhance yields and quality of helper-free amplicon stocks. Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA), a hybrid polar compound that exhibits stimulatory activity of HSV-1 immediate-early gene expression, has been employed as a standard reagent in helper virus-free packaging given its purported mode of action on virus gene expression kinetics. Unexpectedly, we have found that HMBA exhibits no titer-enhancing activity; in contrast, the compound enhances the proportion of amplicon virions that are non-expressive. Omission of HMBA during vector packaging led to a marked reduction in the ratios of vector genome-transducing to transgene-expressing virions. This effect was neither packaging-cell-specific nor amplicon-promoter-dependent. Analysis of resultant vector stocks indicated amplicon genome replication/concatenation was unaffected, but the level of particle-associated ICP0 was reduced in stocks packaged in the presence of HMBA. Inclusion of a co-transfected, ICP0-expressing plasmid into the packaging process led to significant rescue of amplicon expression titers, indicating that regulation of ICP0 concentrations is critical for maintenance of the amplicon genome expressive state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clark A Burris
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Santos K, Sanfilippo CM, Narrow WC, Casey AE, Rodriguez-Colon SM, McDermott MP, Federoff HJ, Bowers WJ, Dewhurst S. Infectivity of herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors in dendritic cells is determined by the helper virus strain used for packaging. J Virol Methods 2007; 145:37-46. [PMID: 17606303 PMCID: PMC2080840 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2007.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2006] [Revised: 05/01/2007] [Accepted: 05/03/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type-1 (HSV-1) amplicon vectors are being explored for a wide range of potential applications, including vaccine delivery and immunotherapy of cancer. While extensive effort has been directed towards the improvement of the amplicon "payload" in these vectors, relatively little attention has been paid to the effect of the packaging HSV-1 strains on the biological properties of co-packaged amplicon vectors. We therefore compared the biological properties of amplicon stocks prepared using a panel of primary HSV-1 isolates, a molecularly cloned strain used to package helper-free amplicons (designated here as F5), and two laboratory isolates (KOS and strain 17, which is the parent of the F5 clone). This analysis revealed considerable inter-strain variability in the ability of amplicon stocks packaged by different primary HSV-1 isolates to efficiently transduce established cell lines and primary human dendritic cells (DC). Amplicons packaged by both the F5 molecularly cloned virus and its laboratory-adapted parent (strain 17) were very inefficient at transducing DC, when compared to amplicons packaged by KOS or by several of the primary virus isolates. These finding have important implications for the future development of improved amplicon-based vaccine delivery systems and suggest that DC tropism may be an instrinsic property of some HSV-1 strains, independent of passage history or molecular cloning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathlyn Santos
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Christine M. Sanfilippo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Wade C. Narrow
- Center for Aging and Development, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Ann E. Casey
- Center for Aging and Development, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Sol M. Rodriguez-Colon
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Michael P. McDermott
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Howard J. Federoff
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Center for Aging and Development, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - William J. Bowers
- Department of Neurology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
- Center for Aging and Development, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry
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Affiliation(s)
- H A Wenner
- Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven
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Bowers WJ, Mastrangelo MA, Stanley HA, Casey AE, Milo LJ, Federoff HJ. HSV amplicon-mediated Aβ vaccination in Tg2576 mice: differential antigen-specific immune responses. Neurobiol Aging 2005; 26:393-407. [PMID: 15653168 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2004.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2003] [Revised: 04/12/2004] [Accepted: 04/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Given the participation of amyloid beta (Abeta) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis the derivation of experimental therapeutics to prevent Abeta fibrillogenesis and/or enhance removal of parenchymal amyloid deposits represent viable disease-modifying approaches. Active Abeta-based immunotherapies have shown promise in mouse AD models, but application in human trials was accompanied by moderate brain inflammation in a subset of patients. Immune-shaping vaccine platforms may mitigate adverse effects. Herein, we describe the use of herpes simplex virus (HSV)-derived amplicons to elicit distinctive immune responses against Abeta. Two vaccine vectors were constructed: one expressing Abeta1-42 alone (HSVAbeta), and a second expressing Abeta1-42 fused with the molecular adjuvant tetanus toxin Fragment C (HSVAbeta/TtxFC). Peripheral administration of these vaccines augmented humoral responses to Abeta and reduced CNS Abeta deposition in Tg2576 AD mice. Interestingly and unexpectedly, HSVAbeta vaccination was uniquely toxic and incited the expression of pro-inflammatory molecule transcripts within the hippocampi of Tg2576 mice, suggesting that this paradigm may serve as a relevant model to study Abeta vaccine-elicited CNS inflammatory syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Bowers
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Tolba KA, Bowers WJ, Eling DJ, Casey AE, Kipps TJ, Federoff HJ, Rosenblatt JD. HSV amplicon-mediated delivery of LIGHT enhances the antigen-presenting capacity of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Mol Ther 2002; 6:455-63. [PMID: 12377186 DOI: 10.1006/mthe.2002.0693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a B lymphocyte malignancy that remains a largely incurable disease. CLL B cells possess the ability to process and present tumor antigens but lack expression of costimulatory molecules, rendering them inefficient effectors of T-cell activation. We previously demonstrated that helper virus-free preparations of herpes simplex virus (HSV) amplicon vectors encoding CD40L efficiently transduce CLL B cells and render them capable of eliciting specific anti-tumor T-cell responses. LIGHT (TNFSF14), a member of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily, efficiently activates both T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs). We employed an HSV amplicon vector expressing human LIGHT (hf-HSV-LIGHT) to transduce CLL B cells and compared the immunomodulatory function and T-cell activation induced by hf-HSV-LIGHT transduction to that observed with a CD40L-expressing HSV amplicon (hf-HSV-CD40L). hf-HSV-LIGHT transduction induced expression of endogenous B7.1, B7.2, and ICAM.1 on CLL cells, albeit to a lesser degree than that observed in response to transduction with hf-HSV-CD40L. hf-HSV-LIGHT enhanced the antigen-presenting capacity of CLL B cells, as measured by induction of T-cell proliferation in an allogeneic mixed lymphocyte tumor reaction. Finally, hf-HSV-LIGHT-transduced CLL B cells successfully stimulated the outgrowth of autologous cytotoxic T-lymphocytes in vitro. In aggregate, these data suggest that hf-HSV-LIGHT transduction may be useful for induction of immune responses to CLL and other B-cell lymphoid malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled A Tolba
- James P. Wilmot Cancer Center, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York 14642, USA.
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Casey AE, Lin J, Perdue S, Blackburn K, Cummings B, Dietrich U, Huang S, McGowan E. Significant HLA and erythrocyte phenotypes among physicians, nurses and medical technologists ("genes of a feather flock together"). J Med Assoc State Ala 1983; 52:29-30. [PMID: 6833906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Casey AE, Copeland H, Downey-Prince EL, Dietrich U. Differential craniometry: (A) Maori 3000 BC - Thera? (B) Ptolemaic Egyptians - New Guinea, America. Ala J Med Sci 1979; 16:382-9. [PMID: 94772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Casey AE, Copeland H, Downey-Prince EL, Dietrich U. Differential craniometry suggests European Pelasgians founded Egyptian, Chinese-Japanese, and Carib-Andean civilizations. Ala J Med Sci 1979; 16:80-90. [PMID: 371442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Casey AE, Hale K, Casey JG, Holland C, Downey-Prince E, Phillips M. Blood group--anthropometric profiles of constitutional variation and susceptibility to disease. Ala J Med Sci 1978; 15:352-62. [PMID: 747207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Casey AE, Downey-Prince EL. Odyssey of the Irish. Documented by blood group and craniometric analysis. Ala J Med Sci 1978; 15:69-87. [PMID: 637264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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22
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Casey AE, Downey EL, Copeland H, Thomason S. Nosology by serum template for invasive cancer (albumin, A1 globulin, lactic-dehydrogenase, alkaline phosphatase). Ala J Med Sci 1976; 13:302-12. [PMID: 984329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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23
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Casey AE, Niedermeier W, Dupertuis CW, Downey EL. Serum molybdenum, manganese, copper, zinc, iron and stature of dairymen in an Iris bog. Ala J Med Sci 1975; 12:388-93. [PMID: 1200324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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24
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Casey AE, Mueller TJ, Copeland H, Downey EL. Sta-tens: improved yardsticks of computer data for interpretation, analysis, storage, and retrieval. Comput Biomed Res 1975; 8:474-8. [PMID: 1181082 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4809(75)90051-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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25
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Casey AE, Hall LM, Downey E, Copeland H, Mueller TJ. Serum chemistry templates of disease in liver, pancreas, and gallbladder. South Med J 1975; 68:1125-32. [PMID: 1162426 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-197509000-00016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
On routine hospital admission, 23,714 patients received a 28-test serum metabolic profile. The 33 most common diseases (4,132 patients) of liver, pancreas, and gallbladder (LPG) had unique chemical templates averaging 15 significant serum deviations. Each LPG disease differed from all others by elevations of both leucine-aminopeptidase (LAP) and alkaline phosphatase (AP) levels. LAP level was low or normal and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (SGOT) and AP levels were elevated in 43 non-LPG diseases. Patients with acute and chronic pancreatitis had elevated amylase levels. The four nonmalignant diseases of the gallbladder were associated with normal levels of amylase and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH); except for silent cholelithiasis, each showed elevated total bilirubin (BIL) levels. Patients with solitary or scattered lesions of the liver had normal bilirubin levels (2,115 patients), and those with diffuse interstitial or parencymal disease had elevated BIL levels. Cancer patients had elevated LDH and alpha1 globulin (A1G) levels, but low albumin levels. The importance of comprehensive liver profiles in the treatment of psychoses is emphasized by significant liver damage in a number of these patients. A1G was normal and LDH was elevated in patients having mononucleosis, hepatitis, lupus erythematosus, alcoholism, and alcoholic cirrhosis.
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Weisburger JH, Griswold DP, Prejean JD, Casey AE, Wood HB, Weisburger EK. The carcinogenic properties of some of the principal drugs used in clinical cancer chemotherapy. Recent Results Cancer Res 1975:1-17. [PMID: 138176 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-80940-8_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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27
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Casey AE, Downey EL, Copeland H, Wilks MN. Lactic dehydrogenase, leucine aminopeptidase, alpha globulin, and azotemia in circulatory stress. South Med J 1974; 67:592-6. [PMID: 4132682 DOI: 10.1097/00007611-197405000-00021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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28
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Prejean JD, Peckham JC, Casey AE, Griswold DP, Weisburger EK, Weisburger JH. Spontaneous tumors in Sprague-Dawley rats and Swiss mice. Cancer Res 1973; 33:2768-73. [PMID: 4748432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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29
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Casey AE, Downey EL, Copeland H. Fifty common diseases with elevations or decreases in total serum bilirubin. Ala J Med Sci 1973; 10:305-7. [PMID: 4770164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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30
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Casey AE, Downey EL, Copeland H, Thomason S. Paroxysmal tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, congestive heart failure, protein-bound iodine and tri-iodothyronine. Ala J Med Sci 1973; 10:278-80. [PMID: 4770159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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31
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Casey AE, Casey JG, Downey E, Copeland H, Thomason S. Serum chemistry templates for anemias: iron deficiency, blood loss, pernicious, and renal. Ala J Med Sci 1973; 10:241-6. [PMID: 4770156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Casey AE, Gravlee JF, Hall LM, Downey EL, Copeland H. A template of serum chemistries in essential hypertension and hypertensive heart disease. Ala J Med Sci 1973; 10:220-2. [PMID: 4743327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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34
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Casey AE, Gravlee JF, Downey E, Copeland H. A template of serum chemistries in cancer of the lung. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:376-82. [PMID: 4651759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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36
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Casey AE, Niedermeier W, Gravlee JF, Hall L, Downey E, Lupton C. Serum molybdenum, thyroxine, copper, and alpha 2 globulin intercorrelated in Irish dairymen. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:418-23. [PMID: 4119690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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37
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Casey AE, Gilbert FE, Copeland H, Downey EL, Gravlee JF, Barham WW. Disease and chemical syndromes associated with serum levels of lactic dehydrogenase. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:339-47. [PMID: 5074668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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38
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Casey AE, Casey JG, Downey EL, Gravlee JF. Longevity from non-mechanized farm labor and dairy food in upland Irish bog. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:164-70. [PMID: 5045036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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39
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Casey AE, Gravlee JF, Downey EL, Copeland H. Disease and chemical syndromes associated with serum levels of creatine phosphokinase. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:96-101. [PMID: 5036434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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40
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Casey AE, Dupertuis CW, Holland C, Barham WW, McGowan EI, Downey E. Miscellaneous blood groups (A 1 , Fya, E, NN, B, KK) correlated with physical anthropology in Slieve Lougher Irish. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:65-7. [PMID: 5036430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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41
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Dupertuis CW, Casey AE, McGowan EI, Barham WW, Holland C. Characteristic Irish blood group profile (OCcDeeMNFy bb) correlated with physical anthropology. Ala J Med Sci 1972; 9:68-9. [PMID: 5036431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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42
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Casey AE, Gilbert FE, Gravlee JF, Downey EL. Disease and chemical syndromes associated with serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (GOT). Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:385-93. [PMID: 5156242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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43
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Barham WW, Holland C, Downey EL, Dupertuis CW, Casey AE. Fetal mortality and heterozygous Kell (Kk) blood group among semi-isolates in Southwestern Ireland. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:431-2. [PMID: 5167821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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44
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Casey AE, Gilbert FE, Gravlee JF, Downey EL. Disease and chemical syndromes associated with serum levels of glucosyl transferases. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:322-31. [PMID: 5112929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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45
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Casey AE, Gilbert FE, Lohmann HJ, Proelss H, Downey E. Leucine aminopeptidase in biliary and pancreatic obstruction and other metabolic disorders. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:304-13. [PMID: 5112927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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46
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Casey AE, Downey EL, Franklin RB, Casey JG. Anthropometric identity of Alabama Shell-Mound people c10,000 BC, Polynesians, Pelasgians and Fomorians. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:297-303. [PMID: 5112926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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47
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Casey AE, Gravlee JF, Gilbert FE, Downey EL. Serum alkaline phosphatase, chemical syndromes, glycoprotein and other diseases intercorrelated. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:332-41. [PMID: 5112930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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48
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Ratliff CR, Warren PE, Casey AE. A rapid one-hour spectrophotometric cephalin-cholesterol flocculation test. Application to liver function studies. Am J Gastroenterol 1971; 55:589-93. [PMID: 5567736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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49
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Casey AE. The annual medical work-up--improving laboratory service to the physician by profiles. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:215-9. [PMID: 5096773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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50
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Casey AE, Gilbert FE, Gravlee JF, Downey EL. Low urea-nitrogen and elevated serum albumin in anxiety, neuroses and psychoses. Ala J Med Sci 1971; 8:168-77. [PMID: 5096765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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