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Huang‐Link Y, Eleftheriou A, Yang G, Johansson JM, Apostolou A, Link H, Jin Y. Optical coherence tomography represents a sensitive and reliable tool for routine monitoring of idiopathic intracranial hypertension with and without papilledema. Eur J Neurol 2019; 26:808-e57. [DOI: 10.1111/ene.13893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Huang‐Link
- Department of Neurology Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE) Linköping University Hospital Linköping Sweden
| | - A. Eleftheriou
- Department of Neurology Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE) Linköping University Hospital Linköping Sweden
| | - G. Yang
- School of First Clinical Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou China
| | - J. M. Johansson
- Department of Ophthalmology IKE Linköping University Hospital Linköping
| | - A. Apostolou
- Department of Neurology Institution of Clinical and Experimental Medicine (IKE) Linköping University Hospital Linköping Sweden
| | - H. Link
- Department of Neuroscience Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden
| | - Y.‐P. Jin
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences University of Toronto Toronto ON Canada
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Goutzourelas N, Stagos D, Spanidis Y, Liosi M, Apostolou A, Priftis A, Haroutounian S, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM, Kouretas D. Polyphenolic composition of grape stem extracts affects antioxidant activity in endothelial and muscle cells. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:5846-56. [PMID: 26300227 PMCID: PMC4581749 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/12/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was the assessment of the antioxidant effects of polyphenolic extracts derived from the stems of three Greek grape varieties (Moshomayro, Mavrotragano and Mandilaria) in endothelial (EA.hy926) and muscle (C2C12) cells. We also investigated the effects of the polyphenolic composition on the antioxidant effects of the grape stem extracts. For this purpose, the endothelial and muscle cells were treated with low non-cytotoxic concentrations of the extracts for 24 h in order to assess the effects of the extracts on cellular redox status using oxidative stress biomarkers. The oxidative stress markers were thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), protein carbonyl (CARB) levels, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione (GSH) levels. The results revealed that treatment of the EA.hy926 cells with Mandilaria extract significantly decreased the TBARS levels by 14.8% and the CARB levels by 25.9 %, while it increased the GSH levels by 15.8% compared to the controls. Moreover, treatment of the EA.hy926 cells with Mavrotragano extract significantly increased the GSH levels by 20.2%, while it significantly decreased the TBARS and CARB levels by 12.5% and 16.6%, respectively. Treatment of the C2C12 cells with Mandilaria extract significantly decreased the TBARS levels by 47.3 %, the CARB levels by 39.0 % and the ROS levels by 21.8%, while it increased the GSH levels by 22.6% compared to the controls. Moreover, treatment of the C2C12 cells with Mavrotragano significantly decreased the TBARS, CARB and ROS levels by 36.2%, 35.9% and 16.5%, respectively. In conclusion, to the best of our knowledgel, our results demonstrate for the first time that treatment with grape stem extracts at low concentrations improves the redox status of endothelial and muscle cells. Thus, grape stem extracts may be used for developing antioxidant food supplements or biofunctional foods. However, it was also found that the polyphenolic composition of grape stem extracts affects their antioxidant capacity. For example, the results suggested that trans-resveratrol, gallic acid, (+)-catechin, ferulic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, coumaric acid and kaempferol may be essential for the antioxidant activity of grape stem extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos Goutzourelas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Ypatios Spanidis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Maria Liosi
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Anna Apostolou
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexandros Priftis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
| | - Serko Haroutounian
- Laboratory of Nutrition Physiology and Feeding, Agricultural University of Athens, 11855 Athens, Greece
| | - Demetrios A Spandidos
- Laboratory of Clinical Virology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71409 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, 71003 Heraklion, Greece
| | - Demetrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41221 Larissa, Greece
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Stagos D, Apostolou A, Poulios E, Kermeliotou E, Mpatzilioti A, Kreatsouli K, Koulocheri SD, Haroutounian SA, Kouretas D. Antiangiogenic potential of grape stem extract through inhibition of vascular endothelial growth factor expression. J Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 65:843-852. [PMID: 25554988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the antiangiogenic potential of a grape stem extract against tube formation by human endothelial cells (EA.hy926). The results showed that at low and non-cytotoxic concentrations (50 and 100 μg/ml) the grape stem extract inhibited tube formation, indicating a possible antiangiogenic activity. Moreover, the results showed that this extract inhibited the expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), one of the most potent proangiogenic factors, suggesting that the tube formation inhibition by the extract may be exerted through inhibition of VEGF levels. Since it is well established that VEGF prevents apoptosis, the previous finding was further supported by the fact that the grape stem extract induced apoptosis in EA.hy926 cells. Furthermore, it was shown that the extract treatment did not change the levels of the proangiogenic molecules hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF-1α) and cyclooxygenase-1 (COX-1). Therefore, these findings indicate that the grape stem extract reduces VEGF levels through mechanisms that may be HIF-1α- and COX-1-independent. The present study is the first showing that grape stem extracts possess antiangiogenic potential. Thus, our findings suggest that since grape stem extracts possess important bioactivities such as antiangiogenic potential, they could be exploited for developing chemopreventive and anticancer agents, while simultaneously protecting the environment through the use of a harmful waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa, Greece.
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Apostolou A, Printza N, Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi T, Dotis J, Papachristou F. Nutrition assessment of children with advanced stages of chronic kidney disease-A single center study. Hippokratia 2014; 18:212-216. [PMID: 25694753 PMCID: PMC4309139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Malnutrition is a major problem among children with Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and it is essential to be recognized as early as possible. Aim of our study was to assess the nutrition status of children with CKD. METHODS Nutrition status of 30 children (1-16 years) with CKD stages IIIV and on peritoneal dialysis was evaluated. Malnutrition risk was assessed by Pediatric Digital Scaled MAlnutrition Risk screening Tool (PeDiSMART) score software.Anthropometry was expressed as Z-scores for age and sex. Phase angle (PhA) and body cell mass were assessed by bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). Three-day food intake was recorded and analyzed. Biochemical indexes were assessed. RESULTS Depending on the marker used for assessment 20-40% of our patients were malnourished. Intake/requirements ratio (median) was 86.5% for actual energy intake and 127% for actual protein intake. Multiple regression analysis has shown that the most determinant factor for Mid Upper Arm Circumference (MUAMC) was actual protein intake, Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) and age at diagnosis. PhA was mainly affected by GFR and energy intake. Statistically significant inverse correlation was found between PeDiSMART score and PhA (p=0.001), MUAMC (p=0.008) as well as protein intake (p=0.016). CONCLUSIONS A considerable proportion of children with advanced CKD are undernourished. Regular dietitian evaluation based on novel tools as PeDiSMART score and PhA may identify earlier patients at risk for malnutrition. Hippokratia 2014; 18 (3): 212-216.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Apostolou
- Clinical Nutrition Lab "Christos Mantzoros", Nutrition Dept, Alexander Technological Education Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Printza
- Pediatric Department, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - T Karagiozoglou-Lampoudi
- Clinical Nutrition Lab "Christos Mantzoros", Nutrition Dept, Alexander Technological Education Institute, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - J Dotis
- Pediatric Department, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - F Papachristou
- Pediatric Department, Medical Faculty, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Sahpazidou D, Geromichalos GD, Stagos D, Apostolou A, Haroutounian SA, Tsatsakis AM, Tzanakakis GN, Hayes AW, Kouretas D. Anticarcinogenic activity of polyphenolic extracts from grape stems against breast, colon, renal and thyroid cancer cells. Toxicol Lett 2014; 230:218-24. [PMID: 24508987 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2013] [Revised: 12/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
A major part of the wineries' wastes is composed of grape stems which are discarded mainly in open fields and cause environmental problems due mainly to their high polyphenolic content. The grape stem extracts' use as a source of high added value polyphenols presents great interest because this combines a profitable venture with environmental protection close to wine-producing zones. In the present study, at first, the Total Polyphenolic Content (TPC) and the polyphenolic composition of grape stem extracts from four different Greek Vitis vinifera varieties were determined by HPLC methods. Afterwards, the grape stem extracts were examined for their ability to inhibit growth of colon (HT29), breast (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-23), renal (786-0 and Caki-1) and thyroid (K1) cancer cells. The cancer cells were exposed to the extracts for 72 h and the effects on cell growth were evaluated using the SRB assay. The results indicated that all extracts inhibited cell proliferation, with IC₅₀ values of 121-230 μg/ml (MCF-7), 121-184 μg/ml (MDA-MD-23), 175-309 μg/ml (HT29), 159-314 μg/ml (K1), 180-225 μg/ml (786-0) and 134->400 μg/ml (Caki-1). This is the first study presenting the inhibitory activity of grape stem extracts against growth of colon, breast, renal and thyroid cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Despina Sahpazidou
- Cell Culture, Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Lab., Symeonidion Research Center, Theagenion Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki 54639, Greece
| | - George D Geromichalos
- Cell Culture, Molecular Modelling and Drug Design Lab., Symeonidion Research Center, Theagenion Cancer Hospital, Thessaloniki 54639, Greece
| | - Dimitrios Stagos
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece
| | - Anna Apostolou
- Chemistry Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Serkos A Haroutounian
- Chemistry Laboratory, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, Athens 11855, Greece
| | - Aristidis M Tsatsakis
- Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - George N Tzanakakis
- Laboratory of Anatomy-Histology-Embryology, Medical School, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
| | - A Wallace Hayes
- Harvard School of Public Health, 665 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Spherix Consulting, Inc., 6430 Rockledge Drive #503, Bethesda, MD 20817, USA
| | - Dimitrios Kouretas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Ploutonos 26 & Aiolou, Larissa 41221, Greece.
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Apostolou A, Bolcen SJ, Dave V, Jani N, Lasker BA, Tan CG, Montana B, Brown JM, Genese CA. Nocardia cyriacigeorgica Infections Attributable to Unlicensed Cosmetic Procedures--An Emerging Public Health Problem? Clin Infect Dis 2012; 55:251-3. [DOI: 10.1093/cid/cis341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sedivá A, Apostolou A, Kohout J, Bohlen J. Molecular phylogeographic analyses of the loach Oxynoemacheilus bureschi reveal post-glacial range extensions across the Balkans. J Fish Biol 2010; 76:357-368. [PMID: 20738712 DOI: 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2009.02492.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Rivers on the Balkan Peninsula can be separated into ichthyofaunistic areas with different endemic fish species. The Vardar River contains a particularly large number of endemics, indicating its complete and long-term isolation from neighbouring river systems. One of the few species shared with other rivers is the loach species Oxynoemacheilus bureschi. In this study, the genetic analyses of 175 individuals of O. bureschi from 17 sites, covering the entire distribution of the species, including the Rivers Vardar (= Axios), Struma (= Strymon), Mesta (= Nestos) and Danube, were performed using one mitochondrial and one nuclear marker. Genetic differentiation among populations was in general low. Shared haplotypes were common and occurred even between distant localities and different river systems. This points to a high degree of gene flow among populations and rejects the hypothesis that the population in the Vardar River represents a relict from an early colonization of the Balkan Peninsula. In contrast, the results suggest that populations in the Vardar River, as well as those in the Danube River, are of recent origin, and a human-mediated introduction cannot be excluded. On the other hand, the populations in the Aggitis River, a left tributary of the lower Struma River, were clearly separated from the rest of the species and represent a long-term isolated lineage. Demographic analyses suggest a recent population expansion for O. bureschi, in which the population in the Aggitis River was not involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sedivá
- Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Rumburská 89, 277 21 Libechov, Czech Republic.
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Garoflos E, Stamatakis A, Pondiki S, Apostolou A, Philippidis H, Stylianopoulou F. Cellular mechanisms underlying the effect of a single exposure to neonatal handling on neurotrophin-3 in the brain of 1-day-old rats. Neuroscience 2007; 148:349-58. [PMID: 17683871 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 06/13/2007] [Accepted: 06/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Neurotrophin-3 (NT-3) has an important role in brain development and is thus a good candidate molecule to be involved in the cellular mechanisms mediating the effects of early experiences on the brain. In the present work we employed the model of neonatal handling, which is known to affect the ability of the adult organism to respond to stressful stimuli, and determined its effects on NT-3 levels in the rat hippocampus and cortex 2, 4 and 8 h after handling on postnatal day 1. We also recorded maternal behavior during the 8 h following handling. At both the 4 and 8 h time-points there was an increase in NT-3 positive cells in field 1 of Ammon's horn (CA1 area of the hippocampus) and parietal cortex of the handled animals. In the parietal cortex NT-3 levels increased with time following handling: at 8 h there were more NT-3 positive cells than at 4 h. During the 4 h following the end of handling, handled pups were subject to more maternal licking, indicating that the more intense maternal care could underlie the handling-induced increase in NT-3. In the hippocampus, the handling induced increase in NT-3 was cancelled by inhibition of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), AMPA/kainate, or GABA-A receptors, as well as L-type voltage-gated Ca(2+) channels. It thus appears that neonatal handling activates these neurotransmitter receptors and channels, leading to increased intracellular Ca(2+) and increased NT-3 expression. NT-3 can then activate downstream effectors and exert its morphogenetic actions and thus imprint the effects of handling on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Garoflos
- Laboratory of Biology-Biochemistry, School of Health Sciences, University of Athens, Papadiamantopoulou 123, GR-11527, Athens, Greece
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Lampoudi T, Papadopoulou M, Apostolou A, Peletidou A, Vreta A. Plasma homocysteine levels of pediatric diabetic patients in relation to food intake parameters. Clin Nutr 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(03)80274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kymionis GD, Konstadoulakis MM, Leandros E, Manouras A, Apostolou A, Alexiou D, Katsaragakis S, Androulakis G. Effect of curative versus palliative surgical treatment for stage III pancreatic cancer patients. J R Coll Surg Edinb 1999; 44:231-5. [PMID: 10453145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED During the last decade, significant progress has been made in pancreaticoduodenectomy for patients with pancreatic carcinoma. Pancreatic resection performed by surgeons in tertiary referral centres is therefore justified, while the indications for pancreatic resection could be extended in patients with advance stages of disease. The aim of our study is to compare the effect of curative (pancreaticoduodenectomy) versus palliative surgery in patients with stage III pancreatic cancer, during a 20-years period. We retrospectively reviewed the charts of 58 consecutive patients with stage III ductal adenocarcinoma of the head of the pancreas. 23 patients underwent pancreatoduodenectomy with curative intent while the remaining 35 patients had surgery for palliative purposes (combined biliary and gastric bypass was performed in 83%). The hospital mortality rate was similar in both groups (4% vs 6%). 43% of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy had an uncomplicated post-operative course compared with 49% of patients undergoing palliative bypass. The length of surgical procedure and post-operative hospital stay in pancreaticoduodenectomy group were significant longer compared to those patients undergoing palliative bypass (p = 0.03 and p = 0.02 respectively). The overall actuarial survival was significantly (p < 0.01) longer in the group of patients who underwent pancreaticoduodenectomy compared with the group with palliative intent surgery. CONCLUSION Pancreaticoduodenectomy with curative intent for stage III pancreatic cancer patients, could improve prognosis with similar peri-operative morbidity and mortality when compared with palliative bypass.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Kymionis
- 1st Department of Propedeutic Surgery, University of Athens, Greece
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Apostolou A. What's in a name: toxicokinetics, pharmacokinetics, or just kinetics? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1998; 27:82-3. [PMID: 9618326 DOI: 10.1006/rtph.1997.1180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Copyright
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Affiliation(s)
- A Apostolou
- 5201 Yosemite Drive, Rockville, Maryland, 20853, USA
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Apostolou A. What's in a name: toxicokinetics, pharmacokinetics, or just kinetics? Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 1998; 27:82-3. [PMID: 9629599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Apostolou A. A position on reduced diet and longevity. Vet Hum Toxicol 1997; 39:247. [PMID: 9251179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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Apostolou A. Additional opinions on the mortality of animal research. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1997; 210:1265; author reply 1268. [PMID: 9143522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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Apostolou A, Lortou H. The difficulties for transplant co-ordinators in finding cadaveric grafts. EDTNA ERCA J 1996; 22:12-3. [PMID: 10723313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The increase in patients who happen to be candidates for solid organ transplantation without the proportional increase in organ donation, is a phenomenon that is observed in every centre although at different rates (1). In Greece this fact tends to take dramatic dimensions in spite of the effort that is undertaken for reducing its intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Apostolou
- Hippocratio General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Mandalaki T, Koumbarelis E, Gialeraki A, Apostolou A. Family studies in an extremely large mild haemophilia A pedigree which includes 10% of Greek haemophiliacs. Br J Haematol 1995; 89:203-6. [PMID: 7833265 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1995.tb08932.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
We illustrate the usefulness of direct mutation detection for genetic counseling by showing its application to an extremely large mild haemophilia A pedigree (91 haemophiliacs) originating from the village of Aiani in Macedonia, northern Greece. The causative mutation has already been shown to be an A to T transversion in codon 280 of the FVIII gene which replaces Asn 280 (AAC) by Ile (ATC) and which creates a new Bam HI restriction site in exon 7. The latter permitted direct, rapid and reliable detection of the mutation in relevant family members. All major branches of the family were shown to share the mutation, and carrier status was diagnosed or excluded for 23 possible carriers. Other interesting characteristics of the Aiani haemophilic population are a slightly higher longevity and fecundity than that observed in the general population and a wide range of FVIII:C levels (5-25%) associated with the mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mandalaki
- Haemophilia Treatment Centre, Laikon General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Apostolou A. Is dioxin a human carcinogen? Science 1994; 263:14. [PMID: 8272860 DOI: 10.1126/science.8272860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
Owing to the lack of sufficient theoretical and empirical information, the initial guidelines regarding animal carcinogenicity testing of chemicals adopted the most conservative approach possible. One of the recommendations was that non-toxic chemicals be tested at a level as high as 5% of the diet. Since then, a wealth of information has been accumulated, which indicates that such highly exaggerated dosage levels are not only unnecessary but produce scientifically misleading and regulatorily detrimental results that impede the development and evaluation of useful chemicals, including human drugs. This paper presents the rationale supporting the necessity of revision of the outdated maximum level of dietary exposure from 5% to 1% or 1000 mg kg-1 day-1 when the test chemical is administered in drinking water or by gavage.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Apostolou
- Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals, Gaithersburg, MD 20878
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Affiliation(s)
- A Apostolou
- Center for Veterinary Medicine, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, Maryland 20857
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Abstract
Six cases of hydatid disease affecting the vertebrae are described. Four patients presented with paraparesis and sphincter disturbances while the other two presented with low back pain and sciatica. Myelographic findings were positive in all six patients. The CT scans showed a paravertebral mass with destruction of bone in two cases. The nuclear magnetic resonance performed in one patient showed the exact extent of the disease all along the spine. Posterior laminectomy with decompression of the spinal cord and removal of the hydatid cysts was performed in all six patients. After the operation four patients received oral treatment with mebendazole. The patients with paraparesis showed little improvement of their neurological status. The two patients with low back pain and sciatica showed marked improvement. Hydatid disease affecting the vertebrae presents with neurological complications due to cord compression. The prognosis remains poor in spite of laminectomy, although removal of the hydatid cysts and long-term mebendazole medication may result in relief of symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kaoutzanis
- Neurosurgical Clinic, Apostolos Pavlos Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Apostolou A. Somatotropin safety--a short regulatory overview. J Am Vet Med Assoc 1988; 192:1698-700. [PMID: 3045062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Apostolou
- Division of Toxicology, Food and Drug Administration, Rockville, MD 20857
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Abstract
We report the case of a man with ankylosing hyperostosis of the spine who developed spastic quadriparesis due to ossification of the posterior longitudinal ligament. The related literature is discussed.
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Apostolou A. Dose calculation forms. Vet Hum Toxicol 1979; 21:355-9. [PMID: 516368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Apostolou A, Wing K. Sensitization potential of the avicides 3-chloro-p-toluidine and 2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide. J Environ Pathol Toxicol 1979; 2:1543-4. [PMID: 528858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Apostolou A. Phototoxicity study of the avicides 3-chloro-p-toluidine and 2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide in guinea pigs. Vet Hum Toxicol 1979; 21:163. [PMID: 462733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Abstract
The acute oral and intraperitoneal LD50 values of micronized 8-Methoxypsoralen were determined in rats and mice. The values obtained in the present study were lower than those previously reported. The suggestion is made that the discrepancy in the LD50 values may possibly be attributed to differences in compound particle size in the preparations used.
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Apostolou A, Saidt L, Brown WR. Effect of overnight fasting of young rats on water consumption, body weight, blood sampling, and blood composition. Lab Anim Sci 1976; 26:959-60. [PMID: 1018484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Apostolou A, Peoples SA. Toxicity of the avicide 2-chloro-4-acetotoluidide in rats: a comparison with its nonacetylated form 3-chloro-p-toluidine. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 1971; 18:517-21. [PMID: 5569826 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-008x(71)80004-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Taptas JN, Apostolou A. [Paravertebral outflow of the cerebrospinal fluid by traumatic fistula in the child]. Presse Med (1893) 1969; 77:250. [PMID: 5795419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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