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Pedrali D, Zuccolo M, Giupponi L, Sala S, Giorgi A. Characterization and Future Distribution Prospects of " Carciofo di Malegno" Landrace for Its In Situ Conservation. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:680. [PMID: 38475530 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
"Carciofo di Malegno" is a little-known landrace of Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus cultivated in Camonica Valley (northern Italy). The morphological and phytochemical characteristics of this landrace were investigated; furthermore, a species distribution model (MaxEnt algorithm) was used to explore its ecological niche and the geographical area where it could be grown in the future. Due to its spiky shape, "Carciofo di Malegno" was distinct from any other artichoke sample considered, and it appears to be similar to those belonging to the "Spinosi" group. The concentration of chlorogenic acid (497.2 ± 116.0 mg/100 g DW) and cynarine (7.4 ± 1.2 mg/100 g DW) in "Carciofo di Malegno" was comparable to that of the commercial cultivars. In "Carciofo di Malegno," luteolin was detected in a significant amount (9.4 ± 1.5 mg/100 g DW) only in the stems and in the edible parts of the capitula. A MaxEnt distribution model showed that in the coming decades (2040-2060s), the cultivation of this landrace could expand to the pre-Alps and Alps of Lombardy. Climate change may promote the diffusion of "Carciofo di Malegno", contributing to preservation and the enhancement of this landrace and generating sustainable income opportunities in mountain areas through exploring new food or medicinal applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Pedrali
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy
| | - Marco Zuccolo
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy
| | - Stefano Sala
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy
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Leoni V, Panseri S, Giupponi L, Pavlovic R, Gianoncelli C, Coatti G, Beretta G, Giorgi A. Phytochemical profiling of red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) honey and investigation of compounds related to its pollen occurrence. J Sci Food Agric 2024. [PMID: 38345434 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.13375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Red raspberry (Rubus idaeus L.) is an important nectar source for honey production in some specific habitats as well as an important crop, so the definition of the features of this kind of honey is noteworthy. However, due to its rarity on the market, red raspberry honey is poorly characterized. The aim of this work was the phytochemical characterization of honey containing red raspberry from different geographical origins, through melissopalynological analyses concurrently with untargeted metabolomics achieved with different chromatographic techniques coupled to mass spectrometry: solid-phase micro-extraction/gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatography/Orbitrap mass spectrometry (HPLC-Orbitrap). RESULTS Only 4 out of the 12 samples involved in the study contained raspberry pollen as dominant pollen, although these honeys did not group in the hierarchical cluster analysis nor in the classical multidimensional scaling analyses used for data evaluation. The first result was the detection of mislabelling in two samples, which contained raspberry pollen only as minor or important minor pollen. Of the 188 compounds identified by HPLC-Orbitrap and of the 260 identified by SPME-GC-MS, 87 and 31 compounds were present in all samples, respectively. The structurally related compounds nicotinaldehyde and nicotinamide, nicotinic acid and nicotinyl alcohol were present in 100% of the samples and correlated with R. idaeus pollen count (r > 0.60, Pearson's correlation analysis). CONCLUSION This study reveals important aspects about the characterization of red raspberry honey and could give new insights on bee diet and preferences, since niacin compounds resulted interestingly to be related to the presence of red raspberry pollen. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Leoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Proteomics and Metabolomics Facility (PROMEFA), San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Gloria Coatti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy (ESP), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Leoni V, Panseri S, Giupponi L, Pavlovic R, Gianoncelli C, Sala S, Zeni V, Benelli G, Giorgi A. Formal analyses are fundamental for the definition of honey, a product representing specific territories and their changes: the case of North Tyrrhenian dunes (Italy). Sci Rep 2023; 13:17542. [PMID: 37845313 PMCID: PMC10579322 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-44769-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Honey is a variegate matrix depending significantly on the floral origin, and it could become an important agri-food product to valorise specific territories. Being so diverse, different analytical techniques are necessary for its description. Herein we characterized the honey produced in one of the Italian sand dunes systems hosting beekeeping activities. In terms of floristic origin, phytochemical characterization, and sensory and colour analysis, honey collected in 2021 and 2022 was comparable. Honey was polyfloral, with several pollens from dune habitat plants classified as minor. The presence of the allochthonous Amorpha fruticosa L. and the ruderal Rubus fruticosus L. pollens in the category of the secondary pollens testifies the alteration of the park vegetation. The phytochemical profile was rich in polyphenols. Other interesting compounds were coumarine derivatives, likely attributable to resin-laden plants as rockroses, long chain hydroxyacids typical of royal jelly and nicotinic acid and its analogues (2-hydroxynicotinic acid and 2-hydroxyquinoline). The above-mentioned honey showed interesting features and was a good representation of the vegetation of this area. Our study pointed out the importance of relying on multiple analytical techniques for the characterization of honey and the advisability of a technical support toward beekeepers to correctly describe and valorise their product.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Leoni
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via Dell'Università, 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy.
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy.
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences (DIVAS), University of Milan, Via Dell'Università, 6, 26900, Lodi, Italy
| | - Carla Gianoncelli
- Fondazione Fojanini Di Studi Superiori, Via Valeriana 32, 23100, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Stefano Sala
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
| | - Valeria Zeni
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
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Monti M, Giorgi A, Kemp DW, Olson JB. Spatial, temporal and network analyses provide insights into the dynamics of the bacterial communities associated with two species of Caribbean octocorals and indicate possible key taxa. Symbiosis 2023; 90:1-14. [PMID: 37360551 PMCID: PMC10238251 DOI: 10.1007/s13199-023-00923-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Despite the current decline of scleractinian coral populations, octocorals are thriving on reefs in the Caribbean Sea and western North Atlantic Ocean. These cnidarians are holobiont entities, interacting with a diverse array of microorganisms. Few studies have investigated the spatial and temporal stability of the bacterial communities associated with octocoral species and information regarding the co-occurrence and potential interactions between specific members of these bacterial communities remain sparse. To address this knowledge gap, this study investigated the stability of the bacterial assemblages associated with two common Caribbean octocoral species, Eunicea flexuosa and Antillogorgia americana, across time and geographical locations and performed network analyses to investigate potential bacterial interactions. Results demonstrated that general inferences regarding the spatial and temporal stability of octocoral-associated bacterial communities should not be made, as host-specific characteristics may influence these factors. In addition, network analyses revealed differences in the complexity of the interactions between bacteria among the octocoral species analyzed, while highlighting the presence of genera known to produce bioactive secondary metabolites in both octocorals that may play fundamental roles in structuring the octocoral-associated bacteriome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13199-023-00923-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Monti
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - A. Giorgi
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
| | - D. W. Kemp
- Department of Biology, The University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233 USA
| | - J. B. Olson
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487 USA
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Giupponi L, Leoni V, Pedrali D, Giorgi A. Restoration of Vegetation Greenness and Possible Changes in Mature Forest Communities in Two Forests Damaged by the Vaia Storm in Northern Italy. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:1369. [PMID: 36987057 PMCID: PMC10059996 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Windstorms are rare in the Southern Alps, but their frequency is increasing due to climate change. This research analyzed the vegetation of two spruce forests in Camonica Valley (Northern Italy) destroyed by the Vaia storm to evaluate the vegetation responses to blowdown damage. In each study area, the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) was used to evaluate the change in plant cover and greenness from 2018 (before the Vaia storm) to 2021. Furthermore, floristic-vegetation data were analyzed to identify current plant communities and develop models of plant succession. The results showed that the two areas, although located in different altitudinal vegetation belts, are undergoing the same ecological processes. NDVI is increasing in both areas, and pre-disturbance values (~0.8) should be reached in less than ten years. Nevertheless, the spontaneous restoration of pre-disturbance forest communities (Calamagrostio arundinaceae-Piceetum) should not occur in both study areas. In fact, the two plant succession trends are characterized by pioneer and intermediate stages with young trees of Quercus petraea and Abies alba, typical of more thermophilic mature forest communities compared to pre-disturbance ones. These results could reinforce the trend of the upward shift in forest plant species and plant communities in response to environmental changes in mountain areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy; (V.L.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape and Agroenergy-DiSAA, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Leoni
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy; (V.L.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Davide Pedrali
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy; (V.L.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, 25048 Edolo, Italy; (V.L.); (D.P.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape and Agroenergy-DiSAA, University of Milan, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Leoni V, Giupponi L, Pavlovic R, Gianoncelli C, Cecati F, Ranzato E, Martinotti S, Pedrali D, Giorgi A, Panseri S. Multidisciplinary analysis of Italian Alpine wildflower honey reveals criticalities, diversity and value. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19316. [PMID: 34588574 PMCID: PMC8481395 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-98876-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wildflower honeys produced in mountain grasslands are an expression of the biodiversity of these fragile habitats. Despite its importance, the botanical origin of honey is often defined without performing formal analysis. The aim of the study was to characterize six wildflower mountain honeys produced in the Italian Alps with different analytic techniques (SPME-GC-MS, HPLC-Orbitrap, cicatrizing and antioxidant activity) alongside melissopalynological analysis and botanical definition of the production area. Even though the apiaries were in mountain grasslands rich in Alpine herbaceous species, the honey could be defined as rhododendron/raspberry unifloral or raspberry and rhododendron bifloral while the honey produced at the lowest altitude differed due to the presence of linden, heather and chestnut. The non-compliance of the honey could be due to habitat (meadows and pastures) fragmentation, but also to specific compounds involved in the plant-insect relationship, such as kynurenic acid, present in a high quantity in the sample rich in chestnut pollen. 255 volatile compounds were detected as well as some well-known markers of specific botanic essences, in particular chestnut, linden and heather, also responsible for most of the differences in aroma profiling. A high correlation between nicotinaldehyde content and percentage of raspberry pollen (r = 0.853, p < 0.05) was found. Phenolic acid and hydroxy-fatty acid were predominant in the chestnut pollen dominant honey, which presented the highest antioxidant activity and the lowest cicatrizing activity, while the flavonoid fraction was accentuated in one sample (rhododendron pollen prevalent), that was also the one with the highest effect on wound closure, although all samples had similar cicatrizing effects apart from the chestnut pollen dominant honey (lowest cicatrizing activity). Our study highlighted the difficulty of producing mountain wildflower honey and the importance of a thorough characterization of this product, also to encourage its production and valorisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Leoni
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - Carla Gianoncelli
- Fondazione Fojanini Di Studi Superiori, Via Valeriana 32, 23100, Sondrio, Italy
| | - Francisco Cecati
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Tecnología Química (INTEQUI), Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Almirante Brown 1455, 5700, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Elia Ranzato
- DiSIT-Dipartimento Di Scienze E Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, piazza Sant'Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Simona Martinotti
- DiSIT-Dipartimento Di Scienze E Innovazione Tecnologica, University of Piemonte Orientale, piazza Sant'Eusebio 5, 13100, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Davide Pedrali
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, BS, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Conti S, Spalletti C, Pasquini M, Giordano N, Barsotti N, Mainardi M, Lai S, Giorgi A, Pasqualetti M, Micera S, Caleo M. Combining robotics with enhanced serotonin-driven cortical plasticity improves post-stroke motor recovery. Prog Neurobiol 2021; 203:102073. [PMID: 33984455 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2021.102073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite recent progresses in robotic rehabilitation technologies, their efficacy for post-stroke motor recovery is still limited. Such limitations might stem from the insufficient enhancement of plasticity mechanisms, crucial for functional recovery. Here, we designed a clinically relevant strategy that combines robotic rehabilitation with chemogenetic stimulation of serotonin release to boost plasticity. These two approaches acted synergistically to enhance post-stroke motor performance. Indeed, mice treated with our combined therapy showed substantial functional gains that persisted beyond the treatment period and generalized to non-trained tasks. Motor recovery was associated with a reduction in electrophysiological and neuroanatomical markers of GABAergic neurotransmission, suggesting disinhibition in perilesional areas. To unveil the translational potentialities of our approach, we specifically targeted the serotonin 1A receptor by delivering Buspirone, a clinically approved drug, in stroke mice undergoing robotic rehabilitation. Administration of Buspirone restored motor impairments similarly to what observed with chemogenetic stimulation, showing the immediate translational potential of this combined approach to significantly improve motor recovery after stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Conti
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - C Spalletti
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pasquini
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - N Giordano
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - N Barsotti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Mainardi
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy
| | - S Lai
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy
| | - A Giorgi
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - M Pasqualetti
- Unit of Cell and Developmental Biology, Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Italy; Center for Neuroscience and Cognitive Systems, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Rovereto, Italy
| | - S Micera
- Translational Neural Engineering Area, The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant'Anna, Pisa, Italy; Bertarelli Foundation Chair in Translational NeuroEngineering Laboratory, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Centre for Neuroprosthetics and Institute of Bioengineering, Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - M Caleo
- Institute of Neuroscience, National Research Council (CNR), Pisa, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy.
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Giupponi L, Leoni V, Pavlovic R, Giorgi A. Influence of Altitude on Phytochemical Composition of Hemp Inflorescence: A Metabolomic Approach. Molecules 2020; 25:E1381. [PMID: 32197420 PMCID: PMC7144370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25061381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytochemical profiling of hemp inflorescences of clonal plants growing in different conditions related to altitude was investigated. Four strains of industrial hemp (Cannabis sativa L., family Cannabaceae) of Kompolti variety were selected and cloned to provide genetically uniform material for analyses of secondary metabolites (terpenes, cannabinoids, and flavonoids) at two different elevations: mountain (Alagna Valsesia 1200 m ASL) and plains (Vercelli Province 130 m ASL). Environmental conditions influenced by elevation have proven to be important factors inducing variations in hemp inflorescences' secondary metabolite composition. In fact, all plants grown at altitude exhibited a higher total amount of terpenes when compared with plains counterparts, with β-Myrcene, trans-Caryophyllene and α-Humulene as the main contributors. A metabolomic, un-targeted approach performed by HPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap®-MS platform with subsequent data processing performed by Compound Discoverer™ software, was crucial for the appropriate recognition of many metabolites, clearly distinguishing mountain from plains specimens. Cannabidiolic acid CBDA was the most abundant phytocannabinoid, with significantly higher concentrations in the mountain samples. The metabolic pathway of CBGA (considered as the progenitor/precursor of all cannabinoids) was also activated towards the production of CBCA, which occurs in considerably 3 times higher quantities than in the clones grown at high altitude. Isoprenoid flavones (Cannaflavins A, B, and C) were correspondingly upregulated in mountain samples, while apigenin turned out to be more abundant in plains samples. The possibility to use hemp inflorescences in pharmaceutical/nutraceutical applications opens new challenges to understand how hemp crops respond in terms of secondary metabolite production in various environments. In this regard, our results with the applied analytical strategy may constitute an effective way of phytochemical profiling hemp inflorescences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Valeria Leoni
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Radmila Pavlovic
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (L.G.); (V.L.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences—Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Pavlovic R, Borgonovo G, Leoni V, Giupponi L, Ceciliani G, Sala S, Bassoli A, Giorgi A. Effectiveness of Different Analytical Methods for the Characterization of Propolis: A Case of Study in Northern Italy. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030504. [PMID: 31979422 PMCID: PMC7037370 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Propolis is used as folk medicine due to its spectrum of alleged biological and pharmaceutical properties and it is a complex matrix not still totally characterized. Two batches of propolis coming from two different environments (plains of Po Valley and the hilly Ligurian–Piedmont Apennines) of Northern Italy were characterized using different analytical methods: Spectrophotometric analysis of phenols, flavones and flavonols, and DPPH radical scavenging activity, HPLC, NMR, HSPME and GC–MS and HPLC–MS Orbitrap. Balsam and moisture content were also considered. No statistical differences were found at the spectrophotometric analysis; balsam content did not vary significantly. The most interesting findings were in the VOCs composition, with the Po Valley samples containing compounds of the resins from leaf buds of Populus nigra L. The hills (Appennines) samples were indeed characterize by the presence of phenolic glycerides already found in mountain environments. HPLC–Q-Exactive-Orbitrap®–MS analysis is crucial in appropriate recognition of evaluate number of metabolites, but also NMR itself could give more detailed information especially when isomeric compounds should be identified. It is necessary a standardized evaluation to protect and valorize this production and more research on propolis characterization using different analytical techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Pavlovic
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Valeria Leoni
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giulia Ceciliani
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Stefano Sala
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
| | - Angela Bassoli
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DEFENS), University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo (BS), Italy; (R.P.); (G.B.); (V.L.); (G.C.); (S.S.); (A.B.); (A.G.)
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy (DISAA), Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Kurti F, Giorgi A, Beretta G, Mustafa B, Gelmini F, Testa C, Angioletti S, Giupponi L, Zilio E, Pentimalli D, Hajdari A. Chemical composition, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of essential oils of different Pinus species from Kosovo. Journal of Essential Oil Research 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2019.1584591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatbardhë Kurti
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agro-Energy-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giangiacomo Beretta
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy ESP, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Behxhet Mustafa
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Research, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
| | - Fabrizio Gelmini
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy ESP, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Cristian Testa
- Functional Point S.r.l., Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Stefania Angioletti
- Functional Point S.r.l., Laboratorio di Microbiologia e Virologia, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Territory, Agro-Energy-University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Emanuela Zilio
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - Daniela Pentimalli
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Brescia, Italy
| | - Avni Hajdari
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Mathematical and Natural Science, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Research, University of Prishtina, Prishtinë, Kosovo
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Giupponi L, Giorgi A. A contribution to the knowledge of Linaria tonzigii Lona, a steno-endemic species of the Orobie Bergamasche Regional Park (Italian Alps). ecomont 2019. [DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-11-1s16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Pavlovic R, Panseri S, Giupponi L, Leoni V, Citti C, Cattaneo C, Cavaletto M, Giorgi A. Phytochemical and Ecological Analysis of Two Varieties of Hemp ( Cannabis sativa L.) Grown in a Mountain Environment of Italian Alps. Front Plant Sci 2019; 10:1265. [PMID: 31708938 PMCID: PMC6822994 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is a multifunctional crop that is capable of prompt environmental adaptation. In this study, a monoecious cultivar (Futura 75) and a dioecious one (Finola) were tested in a mountain area in Valsaviore (Rhaetian Alps, Italy; elevation: 1,100 m a.s.l.) during the growing season 2018. Phytochemical behavior was evaluated by different analytical approaches: HPLC-high-resolution mass spectrometry, SDS-PAGE LC-MS/MS, HS-SPME GC-MS, and GC-FID in order to obtain complete profile of two varieties cultivated in altitude. CSR functional strategy used for ecological evaluation revealed that both genotypes are mainly competitors, although Finola is more stress tolerator (C:S:R = 57:26:17%) than Futura (C:S:R = 69:15:16%). The Finola inflorescences were characterized by higher quantities of β-ocimene and α-terpinolene, while α- and ß-pinene accompanied by extremely high ß-myrcene were found as predominant in Futura. Both varieties were rich in sesquiterpenes (45 recognized) among which trans-caryophyllene and α-humulene were the most abundant. Total tetrahydrocannabinol level was lower than 0.1%, while the most abundant cannabinoid was cannabidiolic acid (CBDA): 2.3% found in Finola vs. 2.7% revealed for Futura. The level of corresponding neutral form, cannabidiol, varied drastically: 0.27% (Finola) vs. 0.056% (Futura). Finola showed the unique cannabinoid profile with unexpectedly high cannabidivarin, 2-fold higher that corresponding acidic analogue, whereas the particularity of Futura 75 was the occurrence of cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) in the quantities that was double than those exposed for Finola. The seeds from both chemovars proved to be rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, and Finola showed a higher ratio ω6/ω3. No difference was found in the protein content, and the SDS-PAGE profile was similar. The most abundant protein was edestin, followed by heat shock protein 70, ß-conglycinin, and vicilin. In conclusion, comprehensive phytochemical and ecological study of two fiber-type varieties cultivated in Italian Alps displayed specific, legal, and safe cannabinoids profile, followed by particular terpene composition, polyunsaturated fatty acids content, and favorable protein profile. This postulates that geographical provenience of hemp should be considered in selecting a variety that would be suitable for a specific end-use nutraceutical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radmila Pavlovic
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas–CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Edolo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape and Agroenergy–DISAA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health–VESPA, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas–CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Edolo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape and Agroenergy–DISAA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- *Correspondence: Luca Giupponi,
| | - Valeria Leoni
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas–CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Edolo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape and Agroenergy–DISAA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Cinzia Citti
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Cattaneo
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation–DiSIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Maria Cavaletto
- Department of Sciences and Technological Innovation–DiSIT, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Vercelli, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas–CRC Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Edolo, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences–Production, Landscape and Agroenergy–DISAA, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Giupponi L, Borgonovo G, Giorgi A, Bischetti GB. How to renew soil bioengineering for slope stabilization: some proposals. Landscape Ecol Eng 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-018-0359-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Hajdari A, Giorgi A, Beretta G, Gelmini F, Buratti S, Benedetti S, Merkouri A, Mala X, Kabashi S, Pentimalli D, Pulaj B, Mustafa B. Phytochemical and sensorial characterization of Hyssopus officinalis subsp. aristatus (godr.) Nyman (Lamiaceae) by GC–MS, HPLC–UV–DAD, spectrophotometric assays and e-nose with aid of chemometric techniques. Eur Food Res Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-018-3046-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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15
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Calvi L, Pentimalli D, Panseri S, Giupponi L, Gelmini F, Beretta G, Vitali D, Bruno M, Zilio E, Pavlovic R, Giorgi A. Comprehensive quality evaluation of medical Cannabis sativa L. inflorescence and macerated oils based on HS-SPME coupled to GC–MS and LC-HRMS (q-exactive orbitrap®) approach. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2018; 150:208-219. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.11.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Rodríguez Castro MC, Marcó P L, Ranieri MC, Vázquez C, Giorgi A. Arsenic in the health of ecosystems: spatial distribution in water, sediment and aquatic biota of Pampean streams. Environ Monit Assess 2017; 189:542. [PMID: 28986725 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-017-6255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A survey of arsenic and phosphorus in Pampean streams of Buenos Aires province was performed. Nitrates and ammonia were also determined. Stream water was sampled as well as stream sediment and filamentous algae. Results show that 32 streams exceeded the arsenic recommended guidelines for human consumption of 10 μg L-1 and six exceeded recommended values for aquatic organisms' protection of 50 μg L-1. The average concentration found was 36.54 μg L-1 and areas with more concentration of As are located in the southern region of the province, in streams that are tributaries of the Atlantic Ocean. Other regions with high As concentration are the Matanza River tributaries and the Arrecifes River tributaries. No differences of As concentration was found between stream sediments. Also, no seasonal pattern of As concentration was observed in one stream sampled during a year, but a positive correlation between As and the conductivity (p = 0.0002) and pH (p = 0.01) of the streams was found. Also, As bioaccumulation was detected for all the algae sampled, but no correlation between As accumulated and As in the stream water was found. Ammonia levels exceeded recommended guidelines for human consumption in the Argentinean law in 30 streams. The characterization performed in this study provides relevant information on the distribution of arsenic and its origin and mobility.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Rodríguez Castro
- Programa de Ecología de Protistas y Hongos, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - L Marcó P
- Universidad Centroccidental "Lisandro Alvarado" Decanato de Agronomía, Redoma Agua Viva Núcleo Tarabana, módulo I Dpto. Química, Cabudare, Lara, Venezuela
| | - M C Ranieri
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Vázquez
- Gerencia Química, Comisión Nacional de Energía Atómica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Giorgi
- Programa de Ecología de Protistas y Hongos, Instituto de Ecología y Desarrollo Sustentable (INEDES) UNLu-CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Giorgi A, Bassoli A, Borgonovo G, Panseri S, Manzo A, Pentimalli D, Schiano Moriello A, De Petrocellis L. Extracts and compounds active on TRP ion channels from Waldheimia glabra, a ritual medicinal plant from Himalaya. Phytomedicine 2017; 32:80-87. [PMID: 28732812 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2017.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2016] [Revised: 04/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/30/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel is a wild plant from the Himalayan Mountains, commonly known as Smooth Ground Daisy. This plant is traditionally used by local populations in religious rituals (incense) or in traditional herbal medicine to treat skin diseases, headache, joint pain and fever. In literature few data are available on the investigation of this aromatic plant. PURPOSE The present work aims at deepening knowledge about the chemical composition of W. glabra extracts and incense, as well as its activity on TRP ion channels. METHODS Extracts and incense of W. glabra were analyzed by using HS-SPME GC/MS, GC/MS and NMR analysis. Tests on the activity of W. glabra extracts and isolated compounds (+)-ludartin 1 and B-ring-homo-tonghaosu 2 on TRP channels were also performed. RESULTS Some extracts and pure compounds from W. glabra showed an interesting activity in terms of efficacy and potency on rat TRPA1, an ion channel involved in several sensory mechanisms, including pungency, environmental irritation and pain perception. Activity is discussed and compared with that of other known TRPA1 natural agonists with different chemical structures. All compounds showed only a negligible inhibition activity on rat TRPM8 ion channel. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that W. glabra is involved in the receptor activation mechanism and therefore represents a new natural product potentially useful in pharmaceutical and agrifood research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Angela Bassoli
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Gigliola Borgonovo
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety (VESPA), University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133 Milan, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Manzo
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Daniela Pentimalli
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas (Ge.S.Di.Mont.), University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Aniello Schiano Moriello
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Luciano De Petrocellis
- Endocannabinoid Research Group, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR, Pozzuoli, Napoli, Italy.
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Giupponi L, Bischetti GB, Giorgi A. A proposal for assessing the success of soil bioengineering work by analysing vegetation: results of two case studies in the Italian Alps. Landscape Ecol Eng 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s11355-016-0323-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Giupponi L, Bischetti GB, Giorgi A. Vegetation analysis and estimation of forest reconstitution time in protected areas of Val Camonica (Southern Alps) where a commercial mixture of seeds was sown. ecomont 2017. [DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-9-1s22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Giupponi L, Giorgi A. Mount Cavallo Botanical Path: a proposal for the valorization of an area of the Orobie Bergamasche Regional Park (Southern Alps). ecomont 2017. [DOI: 10.1553/eco.mont-9-2s5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Costanzo A, Panseri S, Giorgi A, Romano A, Caprioli M, Saino N. The Odour of Sex: Sex-Related Differences in Volatile Compound Composition among Barn Swallow Eggs Carrying Embryos of Either Sex. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165055. [PMID: 27851741 PMCID: PMC5112806 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian communication has been traditionally believed to be mainly mediated by visual and auditory channels. However, an increasing number of studies are disclosing the role of olfaction in the interaction of birds with their social environment and with other species, as well as in other behaviors such as nest recognition, food location and navigation. Olfaction has also been suggested to play a role in parent-offspring communication not only in the post- but also in the pre-hatching period. Volatile compounds produced during embryogenesis and passively released through the eggshell pores may indeed represent the only cue at parents' disposal to assess offspring quality, including the sex composition of their clutch before hatching. In turn, sex identification before hatching may mediate adaptive strategies of allocation to either sex. In the present study, we analyzed odour composition of barn swallow eggs incubated in their nest in order to identify any sex-related differences in volatile compounds emitted. For the first time in any bird species, we also investigated whether odour composition is associated with relatedness. The evidence of differences in odour composition among eggs containing embryos of either sex indicates that parents have a cue to identify their brood sex composition even before hatching which can be used to modulate their behavior accordingly. Moreover, odour similarity within nests may represent the prerequisite for kin recognition in this species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment, Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Edolo, Brescia, Italy
| | - Andrea Romano
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Saino
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
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Manzo A, Musso L, Panseri S, Iriti M, Dallavalle S, Catalano E, Scarì G, Giorgi A. Screening of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel essential oil. J Sci Food Agric 2016; 96:3195-3201. [PMID: 26467601 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.7499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2015] [Revised: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This research aimed at improving knowledge as to the chemical composition and the antibacterial and anti-cancer activities of the essential oil of Waldheimia glabra, a wild plant from the Himalayan Mountains. RESULTS The results obtained by GC-MS showed that spathulenol, 9-tetradecenol, thujopsene, α-thujone, santolina alcohol and terpinen-4-ol were the main constituents of Waldheimia glabra essential oil. These results were confirmed by HS-SPME GC-MS analysis that also reported high amounts of artemisia alcohol and camphor. Disc diffusion assay suggested a mild antibacterial activity against both Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Finally, a dose-response correlation was observed between Waldhemia glabra essential oil concentration and viability of human breast adenocarcinoma cells MDA-MB-231 and MCF-7. CONCLUSIONS Together with the GC-MS method, HS-SPME GC-MS proved to be a reliable technique to characterise the chemical composition of essential oil obtained from aromatic plants. Further studies will focus on W. glabra phytochemicals and their biological activity, in order to support traditional uses of the plant. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Manzo
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont, University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, Brescia, Italy
| | - Loana Musso
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marcello Iriti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Sabrina Dallavalle
- Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Enrico Catalano
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Piemonte Orientale 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, 28100, Novara, Italy
| | - Giorgio Scarì
- Department of Biosciences, University of Milan, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont, University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, Brescia, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, University of Milan, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Chiesa LM, Labella GF, Giorgi A, Panseri S, Pavlovic R, Bonacci S, Arioli F. The occurrence of pesticides and persistent organic pollutants in Italian organic honeys from different productive areas in relation to potential environmental pollution. Chemosphere 2016; 154:482-490. [PMID: 27085062 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/02/2016] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bee products, such as honey, are widely consumed as food and consumer interest is currently oriented towards organic foods. Regarding this, the European Commission establishes that the qualification of organic honey and other beekeeping products as being from organic production is closely bound with the characteristics of hive treatments as well as the quality of the environment. Agricultural contamination with pesticides is a challenging problem that needs to be fully addressed, in particular in the field of organic production systems. In this study, the occurrence of different classes of contaminants selected as representative of potential contamination sources were investigated in 59 organic honeys: organochlorines, OCs; organophosphates, OPs; polychlorobiphenyls, PCBs and polybromodiphenylethers, PBDEs. A method based on Accelerated Solvent Extraction with "in line" clean-up and GC-MS/MS detection was developed to detect contaminants. Residues of many pesticides were found in most of the samples investigated. The majority of honey samples contained at least one of the pesticides, even if their concentrations were found to be lower than its MRL. Diazinon, Mevinphos, Coumaphos, Chlorpyrifos and Quinoxyfen were the residues frequently detected in samples coming from the apple and citrus orchard areas. Furthermore, the results of the present study show that the presence of the residue in organic honey may also be affected by the geographical area (e.g. the presence of an agricultural system) confirming honey bee and beehive matrices as appropriate sentinels for monitoring contamination in the environment. The optimised method proved to be simple and rapid, requiring small sample sizes and minimising solvent consumption, due to the ASE having an "in line" clean-up step.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Chiesa
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - G F Labella
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - A Giorgi
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment, Ge.S.Di.Mont., University of Milan, Via Morino 8, 25048, Edolo, Brescia, Italy
| | - S Panseri
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy.
| | - R Pavlovic
- Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - S Bonacci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Catanzaro Magna Graecia, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - F Arioli
- Department of Health, Animal Science and Food Safety, University of Milan, Via Celoria 10, 20133, Milan, Italy
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Giupponi L, Bischetti GB, Giorgi A. Ecological index of maturity to evaluate the vegetation disturbance of areas affected by restoration work: a practical example of its application in an area of the Southern Alps. Restor Ecol 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/rec.12232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca Giupponi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-Ge.S.Di.Mont; University of Milan; Via Morino 8, Edolo 25048 Brescia Italy
| | - Gian Battista Bischetti
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape and Agroenergy; University of Milan; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre of Applied Studies for the Sustainable Management and Protection of Mountain Areas-Ge.S.Di.Mont; University of Milan; Via Morino 8, Edolo 25048 Brescia Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences-Production, Landscape and Agroenergy; University of Milan; Via Celoria 2 20133 Milan Italy
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Lago C, Landoni M, Cassani E, Cantaluppi E, Doria E, Nielsen E, Giorgi A, Pilu R. Study and characterization of an ancient European flint white maize rich in anthocyanins: Millo Corvo from Galicia. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0126521. [PMID: 25961304 PMCID: PMC4427395 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0126521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In the second half of the last century, the American dent hybrids began to be widely grown, leading to the disappearance or marginalization of the less productive traditional varieties. Nowadays the characterization of traditional landraces can help breeders to discover precious alleles that could be useful for modern genetic improvement and allow a correct conservation of these open pollinated varieties (opvs). In this work we characterized the ancient coloured cultivar "Millo Corvo" typical of the Spanish region of Galicia. We showed that this cultivar accumulates high amounts of anthocyanins (83.4 mg/100g flour), and by TLC (Thin Layer Chromatography) and HPLC (High Pressure Liquid Chromatography) analysis, we demonstrated that they mainly consisted of cyanidin. Mapping and sequencing data demonstrate that anthocyanin pigmentation is due to the presence of the red color1 gene(r1), a transcription factor driving the accumulation of this pigment in the aleurone layer. Further chemical analysis showed that the kernels are lacking in carotenoids, as confirmed by genetic study. Finally a DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging ability test showed that Millo Corvo, even though lacking carotenoids, has a high antioxidant ability, and could be considered as a functional food due to the presence of anthocyanins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Lago
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Michela Landoni
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Cassani
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Cantaluppi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Enrico Doria
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Erik Nielsen
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Ferrata 9, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment—Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy
| | - Roberto Pilu
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali—Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
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Montagna M, Gómez-Zurita J, Giorgi A, Epis S, Lozzia G, Bandi C. Metamicrobiomics in herbivore beetles of the genus Cryptocephalus (Chrysomelidae): toward the understanding of ecological determinants in insect symbiosis. Insect Sci 2015; 22:340-352. [PMID: 24871104 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The Cryptocephalus marginellus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) complex is composed by six species that are supposed to have originated by events of allo- or parapatric speciation. In the present study we investigated the alternative hypotheses that the bacterial communities associated with six populations of this species complex are shaped by environmental factors, or reflect the proposed pattern of speciation. The microbiota associated with the six populations, from five species of the complex, have been characterized through 16S rRNA pyrotag sequencing. Based on a 97% sequence similarity threshold, data were clustered into 381 OTUs, which were analyzed using a variety of diversity indices. The microbiota of C. acquitanus and C. marginellus (Calanques) were the most diverse (over 100 OTUs), while that from C. zoiai yielded less bacterial diversity (45 OTUs). Taxonomic assignment revealed Proteobacteria, Tenericutes and Firmicutes as the dominant components of these beetles' microbiota. The most abundant genera were Ralstonia, Sphingomonas, Rickettsia, and Pseudomonas. Different strains of Rickettsia were detected in C. eridani and C. renatae. The analysis of β-diversity revealed high OTU turnover among the populations of C. marginellus complex, with only few shared species. Hierarchical clustering taking into account relative abundances of OTUs does not match the phylogeny of the beetles, therefore we hypothesize that factors other than phylogenetic constraints play a role in shaping the insects' microbiota. Environmental factors that could potentially affect the composition of bacterial communities were tested by fitting them on the results of a multi-dimensional scaling analysis. No significant correlations were observed towards the geographic distances or the host plants, while the composition of the microbiota appeared associated with altitude. The metabolic profiles of the microbiotas associated with each population were inferred from bacterial taxonomy, and interestingly, the obtained clustering pattern was consistent with the host phylogeny.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Via Celoria 2, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Jesús Gómez-Zurita
- Animal Biodiversity and Evolution, Institute of Evolutionary Biology (CSIC-Univ. Pompeu Fabra), 08003, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Via Celoria 2, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Sara Epis
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Lozzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Via Celoria 2, I-20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 10, I-20133, Milano, Italy
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27
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Montagna M, Chouaia B, Mazza G, Prosdocimi EM, Crotti E, Mereghetti V, Vacchini V, Giorgi A, De Biase A, Longo S, Cervo R, Lozzia GC, Alma A, Bandi C, Daffonchio D. Effects of the diet on the microbiota of the red palm weevil (Coleoptera: Dryophthoridae). PLoS One 2015; 10:e0117439. [PMID: 25635833 PMCID: PMC4311986 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0117439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhynchophorus ferrugineus, also known as the red palm weevil, is regarded as the major pest of palm trees. Although studies of the microbiota associated with this species have been performed in recent years, little attention has been dedicated to the influence of the diet in shaping the host bacterial community. Here, we investigated the influence of food sources (i.e. palm tissues vs apple based substrate) on the microbial diversity associated with RPW, which was compared with the microbiota associated with wild individuals of the sister species Rhynchophorus vulneratus. The bacterial characterization was performed using a culture independent approach, i.e. the 16S rRNA pyrotag, and a culture dependent approach for a subset of the samples, in order to obtain bacterial isolates from RPW tissues. The bacterial community appeared significantly influenced by diet. Proteobacteria resulted to be the most abundant clade and was present in all the specimens of the three examined weevil groups. Within Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae were identified in all the organs analysed, including hemolymph and reproductive organs. The apple-fed RPWs and the wild R. vulneratus showed a second dominant taxon within Firmicutes that was scarcely present in the microbiota associated with palm-fed RPWs. A comparative analysis on the bacteria associated with the palm tissues highlighted that 12 bacterial genera out of the 13 identified in the plant tissues were also present in weevils, thus indicating that palm tissues may present a source for bacterial acquisition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Bessem Chouaia
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Mazza
- Consiglio per la ricerca e la sperimentazione in agricoltura, Research Centre for Agrobiology and Pedology, Cascine del Riccio, Italy
| | - Erica Maria Prosdocimi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Crotti
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Valeria Mereghetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Violetta Vacchini
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alessio De Biase
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Roma, Italy
| | - Santi Longo
- Dipartimento di Gestione dei Sistemi Agroalimentari e Ambientali, Università di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Rita Cervo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Firenze, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Carlo Lozzia
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Alberto Alma
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie, Forestali e Alimentari, Università di Torino, Grugliasco, Italy
| | - Claudio Bandi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Veterinarie e Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Daniele Daffonchio
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione, l’Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
- Biological and Environmental Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Giorgi A, Manzo A, Nanayakkara NNM, Giupponi L, Cocucci M, Panseri S. Effect of biotic and abiotic stresses on volatile emission of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. Nat Prod Res 2015; 29:1695-702. [PMID: 25564988 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.997725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
This study describes the application of headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME)-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to characterise the volatile fingerprint changes of Achillea collina, induced by aphids' infestation, mechanical damage and jasmonic acid (JA) treatment. The volatile organic compound profiles of A. collina, Prunus persica and Pisum sativum infested by Myzus persicae were also compared. Several changes were observed between control, infested, mechanically damaged and JA-treated plants, and new inducible volatile organic compounds (IVOCs) were emitted in response to biotic or abiotic stresses. Some of these were in common for all stresses and other compounds were in common only for two types of stress. Conversely some IVOCs were emitted only in response to the specific stimuli. The results suggested that there were species-specific and common IVOCs emitted by A. collina, P. persica and P. sativum in response to M. persicae infestation. In conclusion, HS-SPME-GC/MS seems to be a reliable analytical approach to study in vivo plant reaction to external stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- a Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment-Ge.S.Di.Mont, University of Milan , Via Morino 8, 25048 Edolo, Brescia , Italy
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Vernillo G, Rinaldo N, Giorgi A, Esposito F, Trabucchi P, Millet GP, Schena F. Changes in lung function during an extreme mountain ultramarathon. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2014; 25:e374-80. [PMID: 25262823 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to assess the effects of an extreme mountain ultramarathon (MUM, 330 km, 24,000 D+) on lung function. Twenty-nine experienced male ultramarathon runners performed longitudinally [before (pre), during (mid), and immediately after (post) a MUM] a battery of pulmonary function tests. The tests included measurements of forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in 1 s, peak flow, inspiratory capacity, and maximum voluntary ventilation in 12 s (MVV12). A significant reduction in the running speed was observed (-43.0% between pre-mid and mid-post; P < 0.001). Expiratory function declined significantly at mid (P < 0.05) and at post (P < 0.05). A similar trend was observed for inspiratory function (P < 0.05). MVV12 declined at mid (P < 0.05) and further decreased at post (P < 0.05). Furthermore, there are significant negative correlations between performance time and MVV12 pre-race (R = -0.54, P = 0.02) as well as changes in MVV12 between pre- and post-race (R = -0.53, P = 0.009). It is concluded that during an extreme MUM, a continuous decline in pulmonary function was observed, likely attributable to the high levels of ventilation required during this MUM in a harsh mountainous environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vernillo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.,CeRiSM, Research Center "Sport, Mountain and Health", University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy
| | - N Rinaldo
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - A Giorgi
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - F Esposito
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - P Trabucchi
- Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - G P Millet
- ISSUL, Institute of Sport Sciences, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Schena
- CeRiSM, Research Center "Sport, Mountain and Health", University of Verona, Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Neurological and Movement Sciences, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Montagna M, Chouaia B, Sacchi L, Porretta D, Martin E, Giorgi A, Lozzia GC, Epis S. A new strain of Wolbachia in an alpine population of the viviparous Oreina cacaliae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Environ Entomol 2014; 43:913-922. [PMID: 25182613 DOI: 10.1603/en13228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microbial symbionts played a central role in insect evolution. Oreina cacaliae (Schrank, 1785) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a rare example of a viviparous insect, able to feed on toxic plants and sequester toxic compounds. In the current study, the microbiota associated with O. cacaliae was characterized using a culture-independent approach, targeting the 16S rRNA bacterial gene. The obtained 16S rRNA gene sequences were analyzed and identified at different taxonomic levels. Wolbachia was the dominant bacterium, both in male and female (100 and 91.9%, respectively) individuals; the detected Wolbachia was described as a new sequence type based on multilocus sequence typing (Wolbachia ST375 Ocac_A_wVdO). After phylogenetic analyses, Wolbachia ST375 Ocac_A_wVdO was attributed to the supergroup A. Immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy confirmed the presence of Wolbachia within O. cacaliae oocytes, confirming its transovarial transmission in this species. Representatives of six species of Oreina were tested for the presence of Wolbachia through specific polymerase chain reaction, and a dendrogram was generated for these species based on coxI gene sequences. The Wolbachia harbored by different species of Oreina were characterized by multilocus sequence typing. Five out of the six examined Oreina species were positive for Wolbachia, with four of these harboring the same sequence type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Montagna
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Produzione, Territorio, Agroenergia, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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31
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Montagna M, Sassi D, Giorgi A. Pachybrachis holerorum (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae: Cryptocephalinae), a new species from the Apennines, Italy, identified by integration of morphological and molecular data. Zootaxa 2013; 3741:243-53. [PMID: 25112986 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3741.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pachybrachis holerorum n. sp. is described from the northern Apennines, Italy. The new species is related to P. karamani (Weise, 1893), from which it differs in the shape of the median lobe of the aedeagus and in small differences in chromatic pattern. The close relationship with P. karamani is confirmed by molecular analyses performed on a fragment of 829 nucleotides of the mitochondrial gene Cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1). The general mixed Yule-coalescent model, developed for species delimitation using single-locus molecular data, was applied to a cox1 phylogeny in order to test the hypothesis of P. holerorum as a separate species. Information on the host plants, acquired during specimen collection, was confirmed from gut content, targeting a fragment of the plastid large subunit of the ribulose-bisphosphate carboxylase gene and the trnL(UAA) intron. Besides, the lectotype of P. karamani is designated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Montagna
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi Applicati per la Gestione Sostenibile e la Difesa della Montagna - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy;
| | - Davide Sassi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi Applicati per la Gestione Sostenibile e la Difesa della Montagna - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; unknown
| | - Annamaria Giorgi
- Centro Interdipartimentale di Studi Applicati per la Gestione Sostenibile e la Difesa della Montagna - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy Dipartimento di Scienze Agrarie e Ambientali - Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy; unknown
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Giorgi A, Manzo A, Vagge I, Panseri S. Effect of Light Environment on Growth and Phenylpropanoids of Yarrow (Achillea collina cv. SPAK) Grown in the Alps. Photochem Photobiol 2013; 90:113-20. [PMID: 23927610 DOI: 10.1111/php.12150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A 2-year field study on the effect of different light environments, obtained by using cladding materials (polyethylene films and shade net) able to cut off specific regions of the photosynthetically active radiation and ultraviolet wavebands, on the growth and phenylpropanoids content of Achillea collina grown in the Alps was conducted. Overall the plant growth was strongly enhanced in the second growing season irrespective of radiation treatment. The light environment did not affect total biomass accumulation, but only carbon allocation to leaves or inflorescences. Indeed the phenylpropanoid levels in inflorescences appeared to be more sensitive to the light environment than leaves as the latter showed high constitutive amounts of these compounds. However, the use of polyethylene films improved to some extent the content of caffeic acid derivatives in leaves. Our results showed that yarrow production, in the alpine situation considered, is influenced by the growing season and the light environment, providing a basis to optimize its quality, depending on the concentration of bioactive compounds, by means of proper agronomic practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment - Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Manzo
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment - Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy
| | - Ilda Vagge
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences - Production, Landscape, Agroenergy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Sara Panseri
- Centre for Applied Studies in the Sustainable Management and Protection of the Mountain Environment - Ge.S.Di.Mont., Università degli Studi di Milano, Brescia, Italy.,Department of Veterinary Science and Public Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
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Giorgi A, Panseri S, Mattara MS, Andreis C, Chiesa LM. Secondary metabolites and antioxidant capacities of Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel from Nepal. J Sci Food Agric 2013; 93:1026-34. [PMID: 22903742 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.5839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2012] [Revised: 06/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The phenolic content, volatile compound fingerprint and antioxidant capacity of Waldheimia glabra (Decne.) Regel (Asteraceae), a wild plant from the Himalayan mountains used in Sherpa religious rituals and in traditional medicine, were determined for the first time to investigate its suitability as a source of natural antioxidants. RESULTS The total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity of dried and powdered plants from two different altitudes (5000 and 5200 m above sea level) in Khumbu Valley, Nepal were estimated by the Folin-Ciocalteu and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical methods respectively. The volatile organic compound (VOC) fingerprints from leafing plants (in vivo and in situ VOC sampling) and from dried plant samples were evaluated by headspace solid phase microextraction. The results indicated that W. glabra was a good source of phenolics with antioxidant properties. A correlation between total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity was found (r² = 0.9111). Seychellene, a volatile compound that characterises patchouli oil, was detected for the first time in a species of the Asteraceae family. CONCLUSION Waldheimia glabra was proved to be a good source of antioxidants, partially supporting its traditional uses. Further studies aimed at deepening knowledge on W. glabra bioactivity and its possible uses will be of interest, considering the lack of proper scientific awareness regarding these aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, I-20133 Milan, Italy.
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Sanford D, Goetz B, Giorgi A, Goedegebuure P, Strasberg S, Hawkins W, Linehan D, Fields R. Colorectal Cancer Liver Metastases Form Tumors and Spheres With Markers of Cancer Stemness. J Surg Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2012.10.202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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35
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Palermo R, Checquolo S, Giovenco A, Grazioli P, Kumar V, Campese AF, Giorgi A, Napolitano M, Canettieri G, Ferrara G, Schininà ME, Maroder M, Frati L, Gulino A, Vacca A, Screpanti I. Acetylation controls Notch3 stability and function in T-cell leukemia. Oncogene 2011; 31:3807-17. [PMID: 22120716 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2011.533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications of Notch3 and their functional role with respect to Notch3 overexpression in T-cell leukemia are still poorly understood. We identify here a specific novel property of Notch3 that is acetylated and deacetylated at lysines 1692 and 1731 by p300 and HDAC1, respectively, a balance impaired by HDAC inhibitors (HDACi) that favor hyperacetylation. By using HDACi and a non-acetylatable Notch3 mutant carrying K/R(1692-1731) mutations in the intracellular domain, we show that Notch3 acetylation primes ubiquitination and proteasomal-mediated degradation of the protein. As a consequence, Notch3 protein expression and its transcriptional activity are decreased both in vitro and in vivo in Notch3 transgenic (tg) mice, thus impairing downstream signaling upon target genes. Consistently, Notch3-induced T-cell proliferation is inhibited by HDACi, whereas it is enhanced by the non-acetylatable Notch3-K/R(1692-1731) mutant. Finally, HDACi-induced Notch3 hyperacetylation prevents in vivo growth of T-cell leukemia/lymphoma in Notch3 tg mice. Together, our findings suggest a novel level of Notch signaling control in which Notch3 acetylation/deacetylation process represents a key regulatory switch, thus representing a suitable druggable target for Notch3-sustained T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Palermo
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Lorini C, Palazzoni S, Reggioli L, Giorgi A, Perico A, Bavazzano P, Leandri A, Della Bona ML, Bucelli F, Lang M, Bonaccorsi G. [Biogenic amines in epigeal spontaneous mushrooms: indicators of quality and freshness?]. Ann Ig 2011; 23:483-490. [PMID: 22509618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Purpose of the present study is to determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of nine biogenic amines (BA) in 153 samples of epigeal spontaneous mushrooms (Boletus edulis and Amanita Caesarea), sampled at large and small food retail shops in the Florence area. Each BA has been identified and quantified using a liquid chromatography system with a reversed phase, C18 column and post-column derivatization with o-oftalaldeide. The results have shown a widespread presence of each amine, although with varying frequency and concentration, and an increasing concentration of tyramine and putrescine in samples with poor organoleptic quality than those in good conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lorini
- Dipartimento di Sanità Pubblica, Università degli Studi di Firenze.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Acuña
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Sciences and Technology (Eawag), Department of Aquatic Ecology, Überlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Dübendorf, Switzerland
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Edifici H2O, Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, Carrer Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - C. Vilches
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján, CC 221-6700 Luján, Argentina
| | - A. Giorgi
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas (PRODEA-INEDES), Universidad Nacional de Luján, CC 221-6700 Luján, Argentina
- Consejo de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Argentina
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Giorgi A, Madeo M, Speranza G, Cocucci M. Influence of environmental factors on composition of phenolic antioxidants of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. Nat Prod Res 2011; 24:1546-59. [PMID: 20835956 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2010.490656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Effects of environmental growth conditions on the antioxidant capacity, total phenolic content and composition of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. were investigated. Methanol extracts and infusions obtained from leaves and inflorescences of plants cultivated in the Italian Alps at two different altitudes (600 and 1050 m a.s.l.) were evaluated. Infusions exhibited the highest antioxidant capacity (1/IC(50) values from 4.35 ± 0.72 to 8.90 ± 0.74), total phenolic content (from 31.39 ± 4.92 to 49.36 ± 5.70 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) g(-1) DW), chlorogenic acid (from 9.21 ± 1.52 to 31.27 ± 6.88 mg g(-1) DW), 3,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (from 12.28 ± 3.25 to 25.13 ± 1.99 mg g(-1) DW) and 4,5-di-O-caffeoylquinic acid (from 7.38 ± 1.01 to 12.78 ± 2.61 mg g(-1) DW) content. Climate (as influenced by altitude) was shown to be the main environmental factor influencing yarrow composition and properties. Leaf extracts from the higher experimental site showed a 2-4-fold increase of chlorogenic acid level. Achillea collina can be considered as a very good source of bioactive phenolic compounds, and growing it at high altitude may constitute an effective way to significantly enhance its quality for both medicinal and nutritional uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Universita degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Perluigi M, Di Domenico F, Giorgi A, Schininà ME, Coccia R, Cini C, Bellia F, Cambria MT, Cornelius C, Butterfield DA, Calabrese V. Redox proteomics in aging rat brain: involvement of mitochondrial reduced glutathione status and mitochondrial protein oxidation in the aging process. J Neurosci Res 2010; 88:3498-507. [PMID: 20936692 DOI: 10.1002/jnr.22500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2010] [Revised: 07/11/2010] [Accepted: 07/16/2010] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Increasing evidence supports the notion that increased oxidative stress is a fundamental cause in the aging process and in neurodegenerative diseases. As a result, a decline in cognitive function is generally associated with brain aging. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive intermediates, which can modify proteins, nucleic acids, and polyunsaturated fatty acids, leading to neuronal damage. Because proteins are major components of biological systems and play key roles in a variety of cellular functions, oxidative damage to proteins represents a primary event observed in aging and age-related neurodegenerative disorders. In the present study, with a redox proteomics approach, we identified mitochondrial oxidatively modified proteins as a function of brain aging, specifically in those brain regions, such as cortex and hippocampus, that are commonly affected by the aging process. In all brain regions examined, many of the identified proteins were energy-related, such as pyruvate kinase, ATP synthase, aldolase, creatine kinase, and α-enolase. These alterations were associated with significant changes in both cytosolic and mitochondrial redox status in all brain regions analyzed. Our finding is in line with current literature postulating that free radical damage and decreased energy production are characteristic hallmarks of the aging process. In additon, our results further contribute to identifying common pathological pathways involved both in aging and in neurodegenerative disease development.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Perluigi
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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Giorgi A, Mingozzi M, Madeo M, Speranza G, Cocucci M. Effect of nitrogen starvation on the phenolic metabolism and antioxidant properties of yarrow (Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb.). Food Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2008.09.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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41
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casato
- Istituto di Clinica Medica III, Università La Sapienza, Roma, Italy
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Giorgi A, Bombelli R, Luini A, Speranza G, Cosentino M, Lecchini S, Cocucci M. Antioxidant and cytoprotective properties of infusions from leaves and inflorescences of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. Phytother Res 2009; 23:540-5. [PMID: 19067389 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.2679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Plants are the main source of molecules with antioxidant and radical scavenging properties that aid the natural defence systems of cells and may be involved in the preservation of human health, particularly preventing all the physiopathological conditions where oxidative damage is a hallmark. Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. is a medicinal plant of the Achillea millefolium aggregate (yarrow) traditionally used, particularly in mountain areas, as an infusion or alcohol extract for its digestive, antiinflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic and wound healing properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the antioxidant capacity and cytoprotective activity against oxidative stress of infusions obtained from the leaves and inflorescences of Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb., assessed by chemical (free radical scavenging activity by DPPH and Folin Ciocalteu assay) and biological assays (in vitro model of cytotoxicity and lipid peroxidation in PC12 cells line). Infusions of leaves had the highest antioxidant properties and cytoprotective activity. The antioxidant capacity was significantly correlated with the total phenolic content but not with the cytoprotective profile. Achillea collina Becker ex Rchb. has good antioxidant and cytoprotective properties, suggesting further investigations on its chemical composition and potential health value, particularly for traditionally prepared infusions of leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annamaria Giorgi
- Dipartimento di Produzione Vegetale, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via G. Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy.
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Mazzucconi MG, Bizzoni L, Giorgi A, Morano SG, Peraino M, Russo M, Alimena G. Postpartum inhibitor to factor VIII: treatment with high-dose immunoglobulin and dexamethasone. Haemophilia 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2516.2001.00529.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Bartolomucci A, La Corte G, Possenti R, Locatelli V, Rigamonti AE, Torsello A, Bresciani E, Bulgarelli I, Rizzi R, Pavone F, D’Amato FR, Severini C, Mignogna G, Giorgi A, Schininà ME, Elia G, Brancia C, Ferri GL, Conti R, Ciani B, Pascucci T, Dell’Omo G, Muller EE, Levi A, Moles A. TLQP-21, a VGF-derived peptide, increases energy expenditure and prevents the early phase of diet-induced obesity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 103:14584-9. [PMID: 16983076 PMCID: PMC1600003 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0606102103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The vgf gene has been identified as an energy homeostasis regulator. Vgf encodes a 617-aa precursor protein that is processed to yield an incompletely characterized panel of neuropeptides. Until now, it was an unproved assumption that VGF-derived peptides could regulate metabolism. Here, a VGF peptide designated TLQP-21 was identified in rat brain extracts by means of immunoprecipitation, microcapillary liquid chromatography-tandem MS, and database searching algorithms. Chronic intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of TLQP-21 (15 mug/day for 14 days) increased resting energy expenditure (EE) and rectal temperature in mice. These effects were paralleled by increased epinephrine and up-regulation of brown adipose tissue beta2-AR (beta2 adrenergic receptor) and white adipose tissue (WAT) PPAR-delta (peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta), beta3-AR, and UCP1 (uncoupling protein 1) mRNAs and were independent of locomotor activity and thyroid hormones. Hypothalamic gene expression of orexigenic and anorexigenic neuropeptides was unchanged. Furthermore, in mice that were fed a high-fat diet for 14 days, TLQP-21 prevented the increase in body and WAT weight as well as hormonal changes that are associated with a high-fat regimen. Biochemical and molecular analyses suggest that TLQP-21 exerts its effects by stimulating autonomic activation of adrenal medulla and adipose tissues. In conclusion, we present here the identification in the CNS of a previously uncharacterized VGF-derived peptide and prove that its chronic i.c.v. infusion effected an increase in EE and limited the early phase of diet-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Bartolomucci
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , or
| | - G. La Corte
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - R. Possenti
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Roma II–Tor Vergata, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - V. Locatelli
- Department of Experimental and Environmental Medicine and Biotechnology and Interdepartmental Center for Bioinformatics and Proteomics, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - A. E. Rigamonti
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy, and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Torsello
- Department of Experimental and Environmental Medicine and Biotechnology and Interdepartmental Center for Bioinformatics and Proteomics, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - E. Bresciani
- Department of Experimental and Environmental Medicine and Biotechnology and Interdepartmental Center for Bioinformatics and Proteomics, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - I. Bulgarelli
- Department of Experimental and Environmental Medicine and Biotechnology and Interdepartmental Center for Bioinformatics and Proteomics, University of Milan–Bicocca, 20052 Monza, Italy
| | - R. Rizzi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Roma II–Tor Vergata, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - F. Pavone
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - F. R. D’Amato
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - C. Severini
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Mignogna
- Department of Biochemical Science, University “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - A. Giorgi
- Department of Biochemical Science, University “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - M. E. Schininà
- Department of Biochemical Science, University “La Sapienza,” 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - G. Elia
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - C. Brancia
- NEF Laboratory, Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - G.-L. Ferri
- NEF Laboratory, Department of Cytomorphology, University of Cagliari, 09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - R. Conti
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Industries S.p.A., 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - B. Ciani
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Sigma-Tau Pharmaceuticals Industries S.p.A., 00040 Rome, Italy
| | - T. Pascucci
- Foundation Santa Lucia, 00143 Rome, Italy; and
| | - G. Dell’Omo
- Institute of Anatomy and Center for Neuroscience, University of Zürich, CH-8057 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - E. E. Muller
- Department of Pharmacology, Chemotherapy, and Medical Toxicology, University of Milan, 20129 Milan, Italy
| | - A. Levi
- Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , or
| | - A. Moles
- Institute of Neuroscience, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, 00143 Rome, Italy
- To whom correspondence may be addressed. E-mail:
, , or
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Abstract
Fetal cardiac surgery represents a surgical challenge and several centers are attempting to establish a suitable methodology in animals. We present our experience with extra-corporeal bypass procedures in preterm and term sheep fetuses. Twenty-two fetuses (103-139 days gestation, mean 115 days gestation) underwent a 1-hour period of right heart-to-pulmonary artery extracorporeal circulation followed by 1 hour of observation. Animals were divided into group 1 and group 2, according to gestational age (above and below 0.85). Three pumps were used: centrifugal without (group 1) reservoir, centrifugal with (group 2) reservoir, and roller with reservoir (group 2). Experiments were completed in 75% of fetuses in group 1 and in 37% of fetuses in group 2. Bleeding was the main cause of failure, especially for group 2. A slow deterioration of blood gas status was noted in group 1, while this trend could be partially reversed in group 2 with corrective measures. Complete heart bypass could not be achieved in either group, and residual fluctuations in arterial pressure were observed. During bypass, body temperature decreased more in group 2 than in group 1. We conclude that cardiac bypass is feasible over a short period in near-term fetuses. A successful outcome may also be obtained in younger fetuses, but better measures need to be implemented for the prevention of surgical bleeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Crucean
- G Pasquinucci Hospital for Cardiac Surgery, Massa, Italy.
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Bargiggia S, Thorburn D, Anderloni A, Ardizzone S, Giorgi A, Bianchi Porro G, Parente F. Is interferon-alpha therapy safe and effective for patients with chronic hepatitis C and inflammatory bowel disease? A case-control study. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2005; 22:209-15. [PMID: 16091058 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2036.2005.02556.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus infection is more common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease than in general population. Limited data are available as to the safety and efficacy of alpha-interferon therapy for chronic active hepatitis C in patients with concomitant inflammatory bowel disease. AIM To evaluate the efficacy and safety of alpha-interferon monotherapy in patients with chronic active hepatitis C and inactive or mildly active inflammatory bowel disease. METHODS A total of 513 consecutive inflammatory bowel disease patients at a single centre were tested for antibodies to hepatitis C virus (anti-hepatitis C virus) between 1995 and 2000. Twenty-one patients had detectable anti-hepatitis C virus Ab and were hepatitis C virus-RNA positive with histologically proved chronic active hepatitis. Each of these patients, whose inflammatory bowel disease was in clinical remission or mildly active, was sex- and age-matched to three controls with similar histological grade and stage of chronic hepatitis C virus but without inflammatory bowel disease; and all were treated with human leucocyte alpha-interferon 6 million units given thrice weekly for 12 months. Responses to treatment were classified as follows: complete response--persistently normal alanine aminotransferase and viral clearance (hepatitis C virus-RNA-ve) at the end-of-treatment, incomplete response--alanine aminotransferase normalization without viral clearance (hepatitis C virus-RNA+ve), and sustained response--alanine aminotransferase normalization and hepatitis C virus clearance 12 months after the end-of-treatment. RESULTS Twenty-one patients with chronic active hepatitis C and inflammatory bowel disease (10 with Crohn's disease and 11 with ulcerative colitis) and 63 sex- and age-matched controls with chronic hepatitis C virus alone received alpha-interferon monotherapy. Response rates to interferon were similar for inflammatory bowel disease patients compared with controls [CR 42% vs. 35% and SR 24% vs. 18% (P, not significant), respectively]. None of the 21 inflammatory bowel disease patients had severe adverse effects and the mild ones observed were comparable with those seen in the control group. No patients developed an inflammatory bowel disease relapse during the interferon treatment period or in the 12 months thereafter. CONCLUSIONS The biochemical and virological response to a 12-month human leucocyte alpha-interferon treatment in patients with chronic active hepatitis C are similar to that observed in matched controls with chronic hepatitis C virus without inflammatory bowel disease. Adverse effects are similar in both groups of patients and unrelated to the underlying inflammatory bowel condition. This provides hepatologists with evidence that alpha-interferon can be safely administered to patients with chronic hepatitis C virus and inflammatory bowel disease provided that the inflammatory bowel condition is in clinical remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bargiggia
- Academic Department of Gastroenterology, L.Sacco University Hospital, Milan, Italy
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Vaccaro F, Giorgi A, Riggio O, De Santis A, Laviano A, Rossi-Fanelli F. Is spontaneous bacterial peritonitis an inducer of vasopressin analogue side-effects? A case report. Dig Liver Dis 2003; 35:503-6. [PMID: 12870738 DOI: 10.1016/s1590-8658(03)00225-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the use of vasopressin analogues in the treatment of hepatorenal syndrome has become an effective therapeutic strategy leading to improved survival and often allowing the completion of liver transplantation. Terlipressin, in particular, has proven to be safe and effective. Due to the limited number of patients treated so far, it is, however, difficult to draw any definite conclusions on the optimal dosage and on the occurrence of side-effects in these patients. The case is reported of an ascitic cirrhotic patient who developed spontaneous bacterial peritonitis followed by a type-I hepatorenal syndrome. Treatment with terlipressin boluses (0.5 mg/4 h) associated with albumin infusion was then started. The course of the disease was monitored by clinical and laboratory means. After 10 boluses of terlipressin, rectorrhagia and severe ischaemic complications involving the skin of the abdomen, lower limbs, scrotus, and penis, occurred. These ischaemic complications improved after terlipressin withdrawal, while renal failure evolved leading to the patient's death. This case report shows that, in patients with type-I hepatorenal syndrome, the use of terlipressin, even at low dosages, may induce life-threatening ischaemic complications and, moreover, suggests that the recent occurrence of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis, even if properly treated, may significantly increase the risk of major ischaemic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Vaccaro
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Rome 'La Sapienza', Viale dell'Università 37, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Abstract
When phenomenology is adopted as a framework for conducting nursing research, confusions sometimes arise because the researchers do not clarify their understanding of phenomenology. One of the biggest confusions is whether to follow philosophical phenomenological guidelines or scientific guidelines. While phenomenology began as a philosophy, it is argued here that the guidelines of scientific practice should be followed when conducting caring research. This article sharpens the distinction between philosophical and scientific phenomenology and demonstrates the confusion that can ensue when philosophical phenomenology is uncritically used as the model for scientific research. It does so by examining the work of Crotty.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giorgi
- Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Abstract
In a recent article, Paley criticized nursing research that claimed to be phenomenological and recommended that all reference to Husserl be dropped by nurses following certain qualitative procedures. The purpose of this article is to demonstrate that Paley is wrong in his recommendation by showing that Paley (i) does not distinguish scientific phenomenology from philosophical phenomenology; (ii) is severely limited with respect to scholarly references that legitimate and articulate the scientific phenomenological method; (iii) seems to be unaware of the precedents for attempting scholarly analyses of the experiences and behaviors of others; and (iv) seems to be unaware of the internal history of the development of the scientific phenomenological method, which would show its close relationship to Husserl. Although deficiencies in nursing phenomenological research can be found, the solution is not to drive the researchers away from phenomenology, but to encourage them to apply the scientific phenomenological method in a better way.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Giorgi
- Saybrook Graduate School, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Brunetti L, Cacciatore I, Di Stefano A, Duprè S, Giorgi A, Luisi G, Michelotto B, Orlando G, Pinnen F, Recinella L, Sozio P, Spirito A. Synthesis and biological evaluation of a novel pyroglutamyl-modified TRH analogue. Farmaco 2002; 57:479-86. [PMID: 12088063 DOI: 10.1016/s0014-827x(02)01232-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The TRH analogue 3, incorporating the (S)-isothiazolidine-1,1-dioxide-3-carboxylic acid (1) moiety in place of the native L-pyroglutamic acid (pGlu) residue, has been synthesized and fully characterized by 1H and 13C NMR. The effects of replacing pGlu with its sulphonamido counterpart on biological activity have been investigated. This peptide, which is significantly stabilized towards hydrolysis by pyroglutamyl peptidase type I (PP I, EC 3.4.19.3), has shown to maintain in vitro prolactin-releasing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Brunetti
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università degli Studi G D'Annunzio, Chieti, Italy
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