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Sharp CAT, Liu NC, Guy A, Ladlow JF. The mobility of the brachycephalic canine nostril in relation to the degree of nostril stenosis. Vet J 2024; 304:106085. [PMID: 38401643 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2024.106085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that the most reliable external conformational risk factor of whether a brachycephalic dog will develop Brachycephalic Obstructive Airway Syndrome (BOAS) is the status of nostril stenosis, assessed as a static observation using the brachycephalic nostril grading scheme. The nostrils however are a dynamic structure, opening further when the dog is exercising, sniffing or panting. The hypothesis of this study was that brachycephalic dogs with open or mildly stenotic nostrils are more likely to have nostril mobility whilst dogs with moderately or severely stenotic nostrils are more likely to have immobile nostrils. A retrospective study of dogs presented for BOAS assessment at two UK referral centres between 2012 and 2020 was performed. Data extracted included nares stenosis status and nares mobility. A mesocephalic pilot control group was recruited from a third referral centre. Statistical analysis was performed with χ2, Cochran-Armitage, spearman's rho and linear-by-linear tests as appropriate. Of the 974 brachycephalic dogs included in the study: 124 had open nostrils (68.5% mobile); 212 mildly stenotic nostrils (58.5% mobile); 379 moderately stenotic nostrils (35% mobile) and 259 severely stenotic nostrils (19.3% mobile). The nostril stenotic status was significantly associated with nostril wing mobility (χ2 =135.55; P<0.0001). When considering open and mildly stenotic (considered acceptable) nostrils versus moderate and severely stenotic nostrils, mobility was 62% versus 25.5% (χ2= 135.88; P = <0.0001). All 27 mesocephalic dogs had nostril mobility. Brachycephalic dogs with moderate and severely stenotic nares have reduced nasal mobility compared to brachycephalic dogs with mildly stenotic and open nares. Data is further evidence that dogs with moderately and severely stenotic nares should not be bred.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A T Sharp
- Hamilton Specialist Referrals, High Wycombe, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - N-C Liu
- Institute of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan University
| | - A Guy
- Department of Engineering, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J F Ladlow
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
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Davies J, Read J, Kruger D, Crisp N, Lamb N, Dixon M, Everington S, Hollins S, Moncrieff J, Giurca BC, van Tulleken C, Chouinard G, Dooley M, Guy A, Horowitz M, Kinderman P, Johnstone L, Montagu L, Nardi AE, Stacey S, Bell M, Tresidder A, Watson J, Lewis S, Spada M, Payne R, Akhtar N, Buckland C, Levett J, Whitcombe S, Marshall-Andrews L. Politicians, experts, and patient representatives call for the UK government to reverse the rate of antidepressant prescribing. BMJ 2023; 383:2730. [PMID: 38052460 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.p2730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John Read
- International Institute for Psychiatric Drug Withdrawal, London, UK
| | - Danny Kruger
- Beyond Pills All Party Parliamentary Group, Houses of Parliament, London, UK
| | - Nigel Crisp
- Beyond Pills All Party Parliamentary Group, Houses of Parliament, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Sheila Hollins
- St George's, University of London, UK
- House of Lords, London, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Anne Guy
- Beyond Pills All Party Parliamentary Group, Houses of Parliament, London, UK
| | | | | | | | - Luke Montagu
- Council for Evidence Based Psychiatry, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah Stacey
- College of Medicine Beyond Pills Campaign, London, UK
| | - Martin Bell
- British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy, UK
| | | | | | - Stevie Lewis
- Lived and Professional Experience Advisory Panel for Prescribed Drug Dependence, UK
| | | | | | - Naveed Akhtar
- Integrated Medicine Alliance, UK
- College of Medicine, London, UK
| | | | - Jon Levett
- UK Council for Psychotherapy, London, UK
| | - Sue Whitcombe
- Division of Counselling Psychology, British Psychological Society
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Campbell B, Muse S, Welchman S, Hardy T, Guy A. The surgical care of diabetic feet: a survey about clinics, acute care, and the surgical specialists involved. Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2023; 105:623-626. [PMID: 37652087 PMCID: PMC10471430 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2023.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Diabetic foot problems are becoming increasingly common. Diabetic foot care services are fundamental in managing them, and there is the further issue of acute surgery for foot sepsis. The involvement of different surgical specialists has been variable; this survey aimed to provide information about current service provision. METHODS Questionnaires were emailed to Vascular Society members, and targeted approaches were then undertaken. RESULTS We aimed to obtain information from 61 localities identified as providing shared services, and received informative responses from 46 (75%). These described diabetic foot clinics each day (11%), or once (50%), twice (13%) or three times (17%) weekly - attended regularly by vascular surgeons, and less frequently by orthopaedic surgeons. The frequency of clinics was considered inadequate by 30% of respondents, and only 75% reported written policies for diabetic foot care pathways. Operations for acute foot sepsis are done by vascular surgeons in 98% of localities and by orthopaedic surgeons in 22% (in some localities by both): the latter are orthopaedic foot specialists in all localities but two. Both specialties perform a range of foot procedures, including toe/foot-preserving operations. Major amputations are done by vascular surgeons in 98% of localities and by orthopaedic surgeons in only 9%. All deformity correction procedures are performed by orthopaedic surgeons. CONCLUSION This survey shows that diabetic foot clinics are now held frequently in most localities. There is variation in the involvement of vascular and orthopaedic surgeons. Some localities need to consider increased provision of clinics and better defined pathways of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Campbell
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Muse
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - S Welchman
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - T Hardy
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - A Guy
- Royal Devon University Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, UK
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Cooper RE, Ashman M, Lomani J, Moncrieff J, Guy A, Davies J, Morant N, Horowitz M. "Stabilise-reduce, stabilise-reduce": A survey of the common practices of deprescribing services and recommendations for future services. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0282988. [PMID: 36920968 PMCID: PMC10016688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0282988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Public Health England recently called for the establishment of services to help people to safely stop prescribed drugs associated with dependence and withdrawal, including benzodiazepines, z-drugs, antidepressants, gabapentinoids and opioids. NICE identified a lack of knowledge about the best model for such service delivery. Therefore, we performed a global survey of existing deprescribing services to identify common practices and inform service development. METHODS We identified existing deprescribing services and interviewed key personnel in these services using an interview co-produced with researchers with lived experience of withdrawal. We summarised the common practices of the services and analysed the interviews using a rapid form of qualitative framework analysis. RESULTS Thirteen deprescribing services were included (8 UK, 5 from other countries). The common practices in the services were: gradual tapering of medications often over more than a year, and reductions made in a broadly hyperbolic manner (smaller reductions as total dose became lower). Reductions were individualised so that withdrawal symptoms remained tolerable, with the patient leading this decision-making in most services. Support and reassurance were provided throughout the process, sometimes by means of telephone support lines. Psychosocial support for the management of underlying conditions (e.g. CBT, counselling) were provided by the service or through referral. Lived experience was often embedded in services through founders, hiring criteria, peer support and sources of information to guide tapering. CONCLUSION We found many common practices across existing deprescribing services around the world. We suggest that these ingredients are included in commissioning guidance of future services and suggest directions for further research to clarify best practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth E. Cooper
- NIHR Mental Health Policy Research Unit, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Education, Health and Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, London, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| | - Michael Ashman
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jo Lomani
- Independent Researcher, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Moncrieff
- Research & Development Department, Goodmayes Hospital, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Guy
- All–Party Parliamentary Group for Prescribed Drug Dependence, Secretariat 2016–19, 2020-Present, Westminster, United Kingdom
| | - James Davies
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London, United Kingdom
- All–Party Parliamentary Group for Prescribed Drug Dependence, Secretariat 2015–19, 2020-Present, Westminster, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Morant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Horowitz
- Research & Development Department, Goodmayes Hospital, North East London NHS Foundation Trust, Essex, United Kingdom
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Wen D, Balacco DL, Bardhan A, Harper N, Walsh D, Ryan G, Liu L, Guy A, McGrath JA, Ogboli M, Heagerty AHM. Localized autosomal recessive epidermolysis bullosa simplex arising from a novel homozygous frameshift mutation in DST (BPAG1). Clin Exp Dermatol 2021; 47:497-502. [PMID: 34806203 DOI: 10.1111/ced.14917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Wen
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D L Balacco
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - A Bardhan
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - N Harper
- Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - D Walsh
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - G Ryan
- West Midlands Regional Genetics Laboratory, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Liu
- National Diagnostic EB Laboratory, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Guy
- National Diagnostic EB Laboratory, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - J A McGrath
- National Diagnostic EB Laboratory, Viapath, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - M Ogboli
- Paediatric Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Paediatric Dermatology, Birmingham Women's and Children's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - A H M Heagerty
- Adult Epidermolysis Bullosa Unit, Department of Dermatology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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Papanikolaou M, Benzian-Olsson N, Lu L, Dimitrakopoulou K, Cozzetto D, Guy A, Saqi M, Onoufriadis A, Mellerio J, McGrath J. 069 Multi-omic analyses highlight key molecular pathways in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruriginosa. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Martínez Sánchez S, Domínguez-Perles R, Montoro-García S, Gabaldón JA, Guy A, Durand T, Oger C, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A. Bioavailable phytoprostanes and phytofurans from Gracilaria longissima have anti-inflammatory effects in endothelial cells. Food Funct 2021; 11:5166-5178. [PMID: 32432610 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo00976h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An array of bioactive compounds with health-promoting effects has been described in several species of macroalgae. Among them, phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs), both autoxidation products of α-linolenic acid, have been seen to exert immunomodulatory and antiinflammatory activities in vitro. The purpose of this study was to explore the bioaccesibility, bioavailability, and bioactivity of PhytoPs and PhytoFs obtained from the edible red algae Gracilaria longissima, and to gain insight into the anti-inflammatory activity of their bioavailable fraction in human endothelial cells. METHODS The PhytoPs and PhytoFs profile and concentration of G. longissima were determined by UHPLC-QqQ-MS/MS. Algal samples were processed following a standardised digestion method including gastric, intestinal, and gastrointestinal digestion. The bioavailability of the PhytoPs and PhytoFs in the characterized fractions was assessed in a Caco-2 cell monolayer model of the intestinal barrier. The inflammation response of these prostaglandin-like compounds in human endothelial cells, after intestinal absorption, was investigated in vitro. RESULTS Simulated digestions significantly reduced the concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs up to 1.17 and 0.42 μg per 100 g, respectively, on average, although permeability through the Caco-2 cell monolayer was high (up to 88.2 and 97.7%, on average, respectively). PhytoP and PhytoF-enriched extracts of raw algae impaired the expression of ICAM-1 and IL-6 inflammation markers. The inflammation markers progressed in contrast to the relative concentrations of bioactive oxylipins, suggesting pro- or anti-inflammatory activity on their part. In this aspect, the cross-reactivity of these compounds with diverse receptors, and their relative concentration could explain the diversity of the effects found in the current study. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that PhytoPs and PhytoFs display complex pharmacological profiles probably mediated through their different actions and affinities in the endothelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Martínez Sánchez
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - R Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo - Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain.
| | - S Montoro-García
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - J A Gabaldón
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS, University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - T Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS, University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - C Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247 - CNRS, University of Montpellier - ENSCM, Faculty of Pharmacy, Montpellier, France
| | - F Ferreres
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Molecular Recognition and Encapsulation (REM) Group, San Antonio Catholic University, Campus Los Jerónimos, s/n. 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods. Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, University Campus of Espinardo - Edif. 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain.
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Touati A, Saeidian A, Harvey N, Zabihi M, Barzegar M, Sotoudeh S, Liu L, Guy A, Kariminejad A, Zeinali S, Boyden L, Choate K, McGrath J, Uitto J. 186 Kindler epidermolysis bullosa-like skin phenotype and downregulated basement membrane zone gene expression in poikiloderma with neutropenia and a homozygous USB1 mutation. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.02.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Musa J, Rahman M, Kola I, Guy A, Pena L, Lekoubou A, Hyseni F, Compres L, Saliaj K, Blanco R. "Anterior interosseous nerve syndrome (Kiloh Nevin Syndrome) revealing Gantzer muscle and simultaneous myasthenia gravis". Radiol Case Rep 2021; 16:983-988. [PMID: 33664927 PMCID: PMC7900009 DOI: 10.1016/j.radcr.2021.01.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
There hasn't been a previous case report of the anterior interosseous nerve injury secondary to the presence of the muscle of Gantzer in a patient with myasthenia gravis in literature before. The anterior interosseous nerve compressive syndrome, also known as Kiloh-Nevin syndrome, is a rare disorder comprising less than 1% of all upper limb neuropathies. Establishing the etiology of anterior interosseous nerve compressive syndrome is challenging because of the lack of specific clinical findings or testing. Herein is the case of a 46 years-old male presented with left eye ptosis, ophthalmoparesis, diplopia, and right-hand weakness. On physical examination, the Pinch Grip test was positive. Electromyography studies showed neurogenic atrophy in the muscles innervated by the anterior interosseous nerve, as well as a pathological decrement of the muscle action potential of more than 10% on repetitive nerve stimulation. Concluding that the presence of the Gantzer muscle caused anterior interosseous nerve compressive syndrome was mainly a diagnosis of exclusion, after careful consideration of other possible etiologies including carpal tunnel syndrome, cervical radiculopathy, and Parsonage-Turner Syndrome. Even though anterior interosseous nerve compressive syndrome is very rare, clinical suspicion ought to arise in the presence of weak radial flexor digitorum profundus and flexor pollicis longus muscles. This case highlights the importance of a thorough medical history, a meticulous physical examination, and particularly the significance of electromyography studies in diagnosing different neuropathological entities. When appropriate, these steps offer information crucial to the differential diagnosis and eventual surgical management, assisting physicians in making informed and accurate treatment decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Musa
- Department of Surgery Physiology and Biomedical Engineering Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - M Rahman
- Department of Neurosurgery Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - I Kola
- Department of 'Burns and Plastic Surgery', TIA, Albania
| | - A Guy
- Clinical Assistant Professor, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, New York University, School of Medicine, NYU Medical Center, NY, USA
| | - L Pena
- Clínica Unión Medica del Norte Departamento de Radiología, Dominican Republic
| | - A Lekoubou
- Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Neurology, SC, USA
| | - F Hyseni
- Research Fellow, Department of Urology, NYU Langone Health, NY, USA
| | - L Compres
- Centro Médico Vista del Jardin, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - K Saliaj
- Medical Doctor University of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, TIA, Albania
| | - R Blanco
- Centro Médico Vista del Jardin, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
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Blair L, Heydon‐Hatchett V, Davies G, Guy A, Davies J. Therapists' perspectives on working with clients taking psychiatric drugs: Findings from a mixed‐methods survey. Couns Psychother Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lewis Blair
- NHS Forth Valley Adult Psychological Therapies NHS Forth Valley Stirling UK
| | | | | | - Anne Guy
- Secretariat Co‐ordinator for the Cross Party Group for Prescribed Drug Dependence Basingstoke UK
| | - James Davies
- Department of Life Sciences University of Roehampton London UK
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11
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Guy A, Brown M, Lewis S, Horowitz M. The 'patient voice': patients who experience antidepressant withdrawal symptoms are often dismissed, or misdiagnosed with relapse, or a new medical condition. Ther Adv Psychopharmacol 2020; 10:2045125320967183. [PMID: 33224468 PMCID: PMC7659022 DOI: 10.1177/2045125320967183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stopping antidepressants commonly causes withdrawal symptoms, which can be severe and long-lasting. National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) guidance has been recently updated to reflect this; however, for many years withdrawal (discontinuation) symptoms were characterised as 'usually mild and self-limiting over a week'. Consequently, withdrawal symptoms might have been misdiagnosed as relapse of an underlying condition, or new onset of another medical illness, but this has never been studied. METHOD This paper outlines the themes emerging from 158 respondents to an open invitation to describe the experience of prescribed psychotropic medication withdrawal for petitions sent to British parliaments. The accounts include polypharmacy (mostly antidepressants and benzodiazepines) but we focus on antidepressants because of the relative lack of awareness about their withdrawal effects compared with benzodiazepines. Mixed method analysis was used, including a 'lean thinking' approach to evaluate common failure points. RESULTS The themes identified include: a lack of information given to patients about the risk of antidepressant withdrawal; doctors failing to recognise the symptoms of withdrawal; doctors being poorly informed about the best method of tapering prescribed medications; patients being diagnosed with relapse of the underlying condition or medical illnesses other than withdrawal; patients seeking advice outside of mainstream healthcare, including from online forums; and significant effects on functioning for those experiencing withdrawal. DISCUSSION Several points for improvement emerge: the need for updating of guidelines to help prescribers recognise antidepressant withdrawal symptoms and to improve informed consent processes; greater availability of non-pharmacological options for managing distress; greater availability of best practice for tapering medications such as antidepressants; and the vital importance of patient feedback. Although the patients captured in this analysis might represent medication withdrawal experiences that are more severe than average, they highlight the current inadequacy of health care systems to recognise and manage prescribed drug withdrawal, and patient feedback in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Guy
- Psychotherapist, Secretariat Co-ordinator for the All-Party Parliamentary Group for Prescribed Drug Dependence, Basingstoke, Hampshire, UK
| | - Marion Brown
- Retired Psychotherapist and Co-Founder of a Patient Support Group ‘Recovery and Renewal’, Helensburgh, UK
| | - Stevie Lewis
- Lived Experience of Prescribed Drug Dependence, Cardiff, UK
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Domínguez-Perles R, Sánchez-Martínez I, Rodríguez-Hernández MD, López-González I, Oger C, Guy A, Durand T, Galano JM, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A. Optimization of Free Phytoprostane and Phytofuran Production by Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Pea Extracts Using Esterases. J Agric Food Chem 2020; 68:3445-3455. [PMID: 32078311 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b06624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Given the growing interest in phytoprostanes (PhytoPs) and phytofurans (PhytoFs) in the fields of plant physiology, biotechnology, and biological function, the present study aims to optimize a method of enzymatic hydrolysis that utilizes bacterial and yeast esterases that allow the appropriate quantification of PhytoPs and PhytoFs. To obtain the highest concentration of PhytoPs and PhytoFs, a response surface methodology/Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the hydrolysis conditions. Based on the information available in the literature on the most critical parameters that influence the activity of esterases, the three variables selected for the study were temperature (°C), time (min), and enzyme concentration (%). The optimal hydrolysis conditions retrieved differed between PhytoPs (21.5 °C, 5.7 min, and 0.61 μg of enzyme per reaction) and PhytoFs (20.0 °C, 5.0 min, and 2.17 μg of enzyme per reaction) and provided up to 25.1- and 1.7-fold higher contents relative to nonhydrolyzed extracts. The models were validated by comparing theoretical and experimental values for PhytoP and PhytoF yields (1.01 and 1.06 theoretical/experimental rates, respectively). The optimal conditions were evaluated for their relative influence on the yield of individual nonesterified PhytoPs and PhytoFs to define the limitations of the models for obtaining the highest concentration of most considered compounds. In conclusion, the models developed provided valuable alternatives to the currently applied methods using unspecific alkaline hydrolysis to obtain free nonesterified PhytoPs and PhytoFs, which give rise to more specific hydrolysis of PhytoP and PhytoF esters, reducing the degradation of free compounds by classical chemical procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I Sánchez-Martínez
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - M D Rodríguez-Hernández
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - I López-González
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - C Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - A Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - T Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - J M Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, IBMM, UMR 5247, University of Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - F Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety, and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, (CEBAS-CSIC), University Campus of Espinardo, Edif. 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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13
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Vahidnezhad H, Youssefian L, Daneshpazhooh M, Mahmoudi H, Kariminejad A, Fischer J, Christiansen J, Schneider H, Guy A, Liu L, McGrath J, Has C, Uitto J. 307 Homozygous Biallelic KRT5 Mutations in Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex, Including a Complete Human Keratin 5 “Knock-Out”, in Families with Extensive Consanguinity. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.07.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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14
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Davies J, Read J, Hengartner MP, Cosci F, Fava G, Chouinard G, van Os J, Nardi A, Gøtzsche P, Groot P, Offidani E, Timimi S, Moncrieff J, Spada M, Guy A. Clinical guidelines on antidepressant withdrawal urgently need updating. BMJ 2019; 365:l2238. [PMID: 31109968 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l2238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- James Davies
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4JD, UK
| | - John Read
- School of Psychology, University of East London, London, UK
| | - Michael P Hengartner
- School of Applied Psychology, Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Fiammetta Cosci
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Giovanni Fava
- School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Guy Chouinard
- Psychiatry Department, University of Montreal, Montreal, Canada
| | - Jim van Os
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Antonio Nardi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Peter Groot
- Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emanuela Offidani
- Department of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sami Timimi
- School of Health and Social Care, University of Lincoln, Lincoln, UK
| | | | - Marcantonio Spada
- School of Applied Sciences, London South Bank University, London, UK
| | - Anne Guy
- All-Party Parliamentary Group for Prescribed Drug Dependence, Houses of Parliament, London, UK
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15
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Kinderman P, Davies J, Moore J, Guy A, Read J, Timimi S, Double D. Purpose, humility, civility, and science. Lancet Psychiatry 2018; 5:964-965. [PMID: 30477654 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(18)30418-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anne Guy
- University of East London, London, UK
| | - John Read
- University of East London, London, UK
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16
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Bret VE, Pougault B, Guy A, Castet S, Huguenin Y, Pillois X, James C, Fiore M. Assessment of light transmission aggregometry on the routine coagulation analyzer Sysmex CS-2500 using CE-marked agonists from Hyphen Biomed. Platelets 2018; 30:540-542. [DOI: 10.1080/09537104.2018.1528346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V.-E. Bret
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | | | - A. Guy
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - S. Castet
- Haemophilia Center, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Y. Huguenin
- Haemophilia Center, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - X. Pillois
- Reference Center for Platelet Disorders, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - C. James
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
| | - M. Fiore
- Laboratory of Hematology, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Pessac, France
- Reference Center for Platelet Disorders, University Hospital of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
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17
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Pinciroli M, Domínguez-Perles R, Abellán A, Guy A, Durand T, Oger C, Galano JM, Ferreres F, Gil-Izquierdo A. Comparative Study of the Phytoprostane and Phytofuran Content of indica and japonica Rice (Oryza sativa L.) Flours. J Agric Food Chem 2017; 65:8938-8947. [PMID: 28931281 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phytoprostanes and phytofurans (PhytoPs and PhytoFs, respectively) are nonenzymatic lipid peroxidation products derived from α-linolenic acid (C18:3 n-3), considered biomarkers of oxidative degradation in plant foods. The present work profiled these compounds in white and brown grain flours and rice bran from 14 rice cultivars of the subspecies indica and japonica by ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization and triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. For PhytoPs, the average concentrations were higher in rice bran (0.01-9.35 ng g-1) than in white and brown grain flours (0.01-1.17 ng g-1). In addition, the evaluation of rice flours for the occurrence PhytoFs evidenced average values 1.77, 4.22, and 10.30 ng g-1 dw in rice bran, brown grain flour, and white grain flour, respectively. A significant correlation was observed between total and individual compounds. The concentrations retrieved suggest rice bran as a valuable source of PhytoPs and PhytoFs that should be considered in further studies on bioavailability and bioactivity of such compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Pinciroli
- Programa Arroz, Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias y Forestales Universidad Nacional de la Plata . Calle 60 y 119, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Domínguez-Perles
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods.Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - A Abellán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods.Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - A Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM , 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - T Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM , 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - C Oger
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM , 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - J M Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, CNRS, University of Montpellier, ENSCM , 34090 Montpellier, France
| | - F Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods.Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
| | - A Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods.Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC , Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Espinardo, Spain
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18
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Bernard V, Fraticelli L, Guy A, Eydoux N, Serre P, El Khoury C. P5568Outcome of patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by pre-hospital cardiac arrest. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.p5568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V. Bernard
- Civils Hospices of Lyon, Emergency Department, Lyon, France
| | - L. Fraticelli
- Hospital Center Lucien Hussel, RESCUe Network, Vienne, France
| | - A. Guy
- Civils Hospices of Lyon, Emergency Department, Lyon, France
| | - N. Eydoux
- Hospital Center Lucien Hussel, RESCUe Network, Vienne, France
| | - P. Serre
- Hospital Center Lucien Hussel, Emergency Department, Vienne, France
| | - C. El Khoury
- Hospital Center Lucien Hussel, Emergency Department, Vienne, France
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19
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Hutchinson JC, Barrett H, Ramsey AT, Haig IG, Guy A, Sebire NJ, Arthurs OJ. Virtual pathological examination of the human fetal kidney using micro-CT. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2016; 48:663-665. [PMID: 26775717 DOI: 10.1002/uog.15859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Accepted: 01/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J C Hutchinson
- UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - H Barrett
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - A Guy
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
| | - N J Sebire
- UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Histopathology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - O J Arthurs
- UCL, Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Department of Radiology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, WC1N 3JH, UK
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20
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Guy A, Tiosano S, Comaneshter D, Tekes-Manova D, Shovman O, Cohen AD, Amital H. Aortic aneurysm association with SLE - a case-control study. Lupus 2016; 25:959-63. [PMID: 26811371 DOI: 10.1177/0961203316628999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Aortic aneurysm is a life threatening cardiovascular complication in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between SLE and occurrence of aortic aneurysms. METHODS Patients with SLE were compared with age- and sex-matched controls regarding the proportion of aortic aneurysm in a case-control study. Chi-square and t-tests were used for univariate analysis and a logistic regression model was used for multivariate analysis. The study was performed utilizing the medical database of Clalit Health Services. RESULTS The study included 5018 patients with SLE and 25,090 age- and sex-matched controls. The proportion of aortic aneurysm in patients with SLE was increased compared with the proportion in controls (0.6% and 0.1%, respectively, p < 0.001). In a multivariate analysis SLE was associated with the coexistence of aortic aneurysms (odds ratio 2.06, 95% confidence interval 1.21-3.51). CONCLUSIONS Patients with SLE have a higher proportion of aortic aneurysms as compared with matched controls. Therefore, physicians treating patients with SLE should be aware of this life threatening association.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Guy
- Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - S Tiosano
- Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - D Comaneshter
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - D Tekes-Manova
- Chaim Sheba General Hospital, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - O Shovman
- Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - A D Cohen
- Chief Physician's Office, Clalit Health Services Tel Aviv, Israel Siaal Research Center for Family Medicine and Primary Care, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - H Amital
- Department of Medicine 'B', Zabludowicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Israel
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21
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Carrasco-Del Amor AM, Collado-González J, Aguayo E, Guy A, Galano JM, Durand T, Gil-Izquierdo A. Correction: Phytoprostanes in almonds: identification, quantification, and impact of cultivar and type of cultivation. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra90022d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Correction for ‘Phytoprostanes in almonds: identification, quantification, and impact of cultivar and type of cultivation’ by A. M. Carrasco-Del Amor et al., RSC Adv., 2015, 5, 51233–51241.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Carrasco-Del Amor
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)
- Campus Muralla del Mar
- 30202 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - J. Collado-González
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- CEBAS (CSIC)
- Murcia
- Spain
| | - E. Aguayo
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)
- Campus Muralla del Mar
- 30202 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - A. Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Montpellier
- France
| | - J. M. Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Montpellier
- France
| | - T. Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Montpellier
- France
| | - A. Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- CEBAS (CSIC)
- Murcia
- Spain
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22
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Field M, Guy A, Ready AR, Cobbold M, Inston N. Hand-assisted Laparoscopic Donor Nephrectomy and Cytokine Changes. Transplant Proc 2015; 47:2690-3. [PMID: 26680073 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Laparoscopic living-donor nephrectomy (LDN) exerts systemic effects causing transaminitis and increased urinary neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalm (NGAL) excretion. Hand-assisted laparoscopic donor nephrectomy, which tends to be shorter with less pneumoperitoneum, may be hypothesized to produce less systemic stimulation than total laparoscopic LDN. METHODS Serial urine and serum samples were collected from 15 patients undergoing HALDN. Samples were analyzed for NGAL and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) levels preoperatively and 24 hours post-surgery. Data relating to alanine aminotransferase, creatinine, and estimated glomerular filtration rate was also analyzed in 48 live donors preoperatively and at 24 hours and 48 hours post-surgery and compared to published data on LDN. RESULTS Expected changes to creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rates were observed in the donors. Compared to the preoperative levels, alanine aminotransferase levels showed a significant decrease at 24 hours (P = .004) and were not significantly different from baseline levels at 48 hours (P = .08). Serum KIM-1 and NGAL levels remained unchanged (P = .89 and P = .14, respectively) at 24 hours after donation. Similarly, urinary levels of KIM-1 and NGAL were not statistically significantly different after donation. Mean operating time for this cohort was 1 hour, 36 minutes. CONCLUSIONS In contrast to other published data, our cohort did not exhibit changes to liver function tests or biomarker changes after donor nephrectomy. This could be because of the lower operative time (96 minutes vs. 216 minutes) or because of the intermittent release of the pneumoperitoneum in the hand-assisted method which may exert less of a systemic inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Field
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom.
| | - A Guy
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - A R Ready
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - M Cobbold
- MRC Centre for Immune Regulation, School of Immunity and Infection, Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - N Inston
- Department of Renal Transplantation, Queen Elizabeth Medical Centre, University Hospital Birmingham Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
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23
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Carrasco-Del Amor AM, Collado-González J, Aguayo E, Guy A, Galano JM, Durand T, Gil-Izquierdo A. Phytoprostanes in almonds: identification, quantification, and impact of cultivar and type of cultivation. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra07803b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The phytoprostane profile in 11 almonds cvs varied greatly according to the genotype and several factors (agricultural system conventional or ecological and irrigation).
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Carrasco-Del Amor
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)
- Campus Muralla del Mar
- 30202 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - J. Collado-González
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- CEBAS (CSIC)
- Murcia
| | - E. Aguayo
- Institute of Plant Biotechnology
- Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena (UPCT)
- Campus Muralla del Mar
- 30202 Cartagena
- Spain
| | - A. Guy
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Montpellier
- France
| | - J. M. Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Montpellier
- France
| | - T. Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM)
- UMR 5247 – CNRS – University of Montpellier – ENSCM
- Faculty of Pharmacy
- Montpellier
- France
| | - A. Gil-Izquierdo
- Research Group on Quality
- Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods
- Department of Food Science and Technology
- CEBAS (CSIC)
- Murcia
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24
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Ulrich J, Bobenrieth MJ, Derbyshire R, Finas F, Guy A, Odin F, Polverelli M, Téoule R. Pyrolysis Mass Spectrometry of Protected Phosphotriester Oligodeoxyribonucleotides. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1515/znb-1980-0216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pyrolysis mass spectrometry is shown to be a useful tool in the analysis of the protected intermediate deoxy oligonucleotides synthesized by the phosphotriester approach. Characteristic ions of the protected nucleic acid bases and terminal substituents appear in the mass fragmentation pattern which allows a rapid control of the attachment of the polynucleotide block in the chemical synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Ulrich
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, DCh/DCA/CAG/EAPC, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M. J. Bobenrieth
- Laboratoire de Spectrométrie de Masse, DCh/DCA/CAG/EAPC, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - R. Derbyshire
- Laboratoire de Radiobiochimie, Départment de Recherche Fondamentale, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - F. Finas
- Laboratoire de Radiobiochimie, Départment de Recherche Fondamentale, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - A. Guy
- Laboratoire de Radiobiochimie, Départment de Recherche Fondamentale, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - F. Odin
- Laboratoire de Radiobiochimie, Départment de Recherche Fondamentale, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - M. Polverelli
- Laboratoire de Radiobiochimie, Départment de Recherche Fondamentale, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
| | - R. Téoule
- Laboratoire de Radiobiochimie, Départment de Recherche Fondamentale, Centre d'Etudes Nucléaires de Grenoble, 85 X, 38041 Grenoble Cedex, France
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25
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Draye M, Favre-Réguillon A, Foos J, Guy A. Radiochemical Stability of Dicyclohexano-18-Crown-6 Ether (DCH18C6) and its Use in a Recovery Process of Strontium from Acidic Nuclear Waste Stream. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2013. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.1997.78.special-issue.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Draye
- Laboratoire des Sciences Nucléaires du CNAM, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - A. Favre-Réguillon
- Laboratoire des Sciences Nucléaires du CNAM, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - J. Foos
- Laboratoire des Sciences Nucléaires du CNAM, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
| | - A. Guy
- Laboratoire des Sciences Nucléaires du CNAM, 2 rue Conté, 75003 Paris, France
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26
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Rughoobur-Bheekhee A, Desblache J, Guy A, Vandenhende M, Bonnet F, Lacoste D, Morlat P. Un syndrome hémorragique inexpliqué : entre troubles psychiatriques et célibat, attention aux carences vitaminiques ! Rev Med Interne 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.revmed.2012.03.303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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27
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Guy A, Loewenthal D, Thomas R, Stephenson S. Scrutinising NICE: The impact of the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence Guidelines on the provision of counselling and psychotherapy in primary care in the UK. Psychodynamic Practice 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/14753634.2012.640153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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28
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Czerwinski KR, Draye M, Favre-Réguillon A, Foos J, Guy A, Lemaire M. Ion Selective Resins: Development and Applications for Nuclear Waste Management. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-556-1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
AbstractOrganic based ion selective resins have some similar attributes: case of synthesis, high metal ion complexation ability, and flexibility for different nuclear waste management applications. For most chelating polymers, the ligand is deemed to be of primary importance for the interaction with the targeted metal ion. The role of the polymer matrix is usually ignored. For ion specific resins, the polymer structure is formed to a specific metal ion. Using the molecular imprinting technique, resins can be formed with functional groups and cavities for a target metal ion. Ion selective resins have been developed for the separation of Cs. The methods and concepts used for the development of the Cs specific resins have been applied to the development of selective resins for Eu (a trivalent actinide model). The resulting resins are characterized by FTIR spectroscopy, moisture regain, and ion exchange capacity. The incorporation of 8-hydroxyquinoline into the resin increases selectivity for Eu over La. The results for the Eu study indicate ion specific resins can be developed for the separation of trivalent actinides from nuclear waste.
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Durand T, Bultel-Poncé V, Guy A, El Fangour S, Rossi JC, Galano JM. Isoprostanes and phytoprostanes: Bioactive lipids. Biochimie 2010; 93:52-60. [PMID: 20594988 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2010.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) are important constituents in all eukaryotic organisms, contributing to the structural integrity of biological membranes and serving as precursors for enzymatically-generated local hormones. In addition to these functions, PUFA can generate by a free radical-initiated mechanism, key products which participate in a variety of pathophysiological processes. In particular, free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of PUFA leads to in vivo formation of isoprostanes (IsoP), neuroprostanes (NeuroP), and phytoprostanes (PhytoP) which display a wide range of biological actions. IsoP are now the most reliable indicators of oxidative stress in humans. In this review, we will discuss some advances in our knowledge regarding two cyclic PUFA derivatives, IsoP and PhytoP, and how their biological roles may be clarified through new approaches based on analytical and synthetic organic chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Durand
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron IBMM, UMR 5247 CNRS/Université Montpellier I/Université Montpellier II, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15. Av. Ch. Flahault, F-34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France.
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Gaunt A, Guy A, Newman J, Tiivas C, Marshall C, Higman DJ, Imray CHE. Pre-operative transcranial Doppler (TCD) emboli detection in symptomatic patients to determine the timing of carotid surgery. Br J Surg 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.6517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Gaunt
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
| | - A Guy
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
| | - J Newman
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
| | - C Tiivas
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
| | - C Marshall
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
| | - D J Higman
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
| | - C H E Imray
- University Hospital of Coventry and Warwickshire, Coventry
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Bouquet M, Guy A, Lemaire M, Guetté JP. Preparation of Alkylarylcarbinols by Mono-Oxydation at the Benzylic Position Using 2,3-Dichloro-5,6-Dicyanobenzoquinone (D.D.Q.). SYNTHETIC COMMUN 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/00397918508077258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Molko D, Guy A, Téoule R. Etude des Parametres Experimentax Influencant la Formation de la Liaison Phosphotriester Activee par le BOP. Application en Synthese Oligodesoxyribonucleotidique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/07328318208079403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Jibawi A, Hanafy M, Guy A. Is there a Minimum Caseload that Achieves Acceptable Operative Mortality in Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Operations? Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2006; 32:273-6. [PMID: 16725357 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2006.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2005] [Accepted: 03/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have shown correlation between operative workload and mortality for major operations. Is there a threshold for case volume that predicts an acceptable mortality for abdominal aortic aneurysm surgery? METHODS Hospital Episode Statistics (HES) Data for England between 1997-2002 was analysed using ICD-10 codes I71.x and OPCS-4 codes L16.x-L26.x. Mortality was identified by the method of discharge. RESULTS 31,078 operations on abdominal aortic aneurysms were studied in 223 NHS Trusts. 6,007 in-hospital deaths were identified in both elective and emergency cases (overall mortality rates 7.7% and 40%, respectively). Trusts with large elective workloads had reduced mortality for both elective and emergency operations. Using parabolic regression and logarithmic transformation, 14 elective operations per Trust per year was identified as a cut-off point above which the decrease in mortality rate with increasing case volume was relatively small. A similar effect was not seen with increasing emergency workload alone. CONCLUSION HES data analysis suggests increasing elective workload correlates with lower in-hospital mortality for elective and emergency operations on abdominal aortic aneurysm. Data suggests a range of hospital caseload that correlate with an acceptable elective and emergency mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jibawi
- The Mid Cheshire Hospitals NHS Trust, Leighton Hospital, Crewe, UK.
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Singhal R, Coghill JE, Guy A, Bradbury AW, Adam DJ, Scriven JM. Serum lactate and base deficit as predictors of mortality after ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 2005; 30:263-6. [PMID: 15936225 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejvs.2005.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2004] [Accepted: 04/04/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Whole body hypoperfusion and lower torso ischaemia-reperfusion contribute to post-operative organ dysfunction in patients undergoing repair of ruptured abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Serum lactate and base deficit are markers of tissue ischaemia and are used to assess the adequacy of resuscitation. This study examines the prognostic value of immediate post-operative levels of serum lactate and base deficit in ruptured AAA. METHODS Thirty patients (24 men and 6 women of median age 74, range 51-85, years) who survived to at least 12h after ruptured AAA repair were studied retrospectively. The relationship between immediate post-operative lactate, base deficit and mortality was determined. RESULTS Fifteen patients (50%) died, all from organ failure. An elevated lactate (>2.1 mmol/l) and base deficit (<-2 mmol/l) were present in 20 (67%) and 27 (90%) patients, respectively. Lactate (p<0.001) and base deficit (p=0.003) were significantly higher in non-survivors compared with survivors. Lactate (p=0.021) and base deficit levels (p=0.028) were independently significant for predicting mortality and a significant interaction existed between lactate and base deficit levels for predicting mortality (p=0.027). The sensitivity and specificity of lactate > or =4.0 mmol/l was 13 of 15 (87%) and 12 of 15 (80%), respectively, and base deficit < or =-7 mmol/l was 12 of 15 (80%) and 12 of 15 (80%), respectively. The likelihood ratios for a positive result with the defined cut-off values for lactate and base deficit were 4.3 and 4.0, respectively. Lactate > or =4.0 mmol/l and base deficit <or =-7 mmol/l were associated with a 94.5% probability of death while lactate < or =4.0 mmol/l and base deficit > or =-7 mmol/l were associated with a 4% probability of death. CONCLUSION These data demonstrate that an immediate post-operative serum lactate > or =4.0 mmol/l and base deficit < or =-7 mmol/l are good predictors of outcome after ruptured AAA repair. The prognostic value of these simple and inexpensive tests require corroboration in a larger prospective study.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Singhal
- University Department of Vascular Surgery, Birmingham Heartlands Hospital, Birmingham, UK
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Abstract
Using Q-methodology and structured interviews, this preliminary study set out to explore how a diverse range of voice hearers construed their experience of hearing voices. Following factor analysis of 20 completed Q-sorts, six factors emerged. Pejorative media stereotypes about voice hearers were rejected, and despite the dominance of the biomedical model in our culture, on no factor did participants adhere to all of the biomedical concepts. All six factors endorsed some elements of psychological discourse on voice-hearing experiences. It is argued that attempting to understand voice hearers within a single theoretical framework may limit or adversely affect engagement and understanding of an individual. Consistent with previous research, users of mental-health services were more likely to find voices frightening and perceive them as negative experiences than non-users. However, some non-users found managing some of their voices difficult despite having seemingly positive beliefs about the experience of hearing voices. Comment is made on the potential therapeutic implications of this study along with some acknowledgement of its limitations.
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Abstract
The total synthesis of the 5-F2t-isoprostane 1 and its 5-epimer 2 from diacetone-D-glucose is described. We report preliminary data on the vascular properties of these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Durand
- UMR C.N.R.S. 5074, Université Montpellier 1, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Av. C. Flahault, F-34060 Cedex 2, Montpellier, France.
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Schwedhelm E, Tsikas D, Durand T, Gutzki FM, Guy A, Rossi JC, Frölich JC. Tandem mass spectrometric quantification of 8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha and its metabolite 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-prostaglandin F2alpha in human urine. J Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl 2000; 744:99-112. [PMID: 10985571 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4347(00)00236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Whole body synthesis of F2-isoprostanes, a family of cyclooxygenase-independent eicosanoids formed by free-radical catalysed peroxidation, should be best assessed by quantifying their urinary metabolites. Two methods for the quantitative determination of F2-isoprostane metabolites in human urine performing either thin-layer chromatography (TLC) (method A) or high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) (method B) prior to GC-tandem MS are described. Method A allows for simultaneous quantification of 8-iso-PGF2alpha, one prominent member of the F2-isoprostane family, and its major urinary metabolite, 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2alpha. Mean excretion was found to be 223 and 506 pg/mg creatinine of 8-iso-PGF2alpha and 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2alpha, respectively (n=14). A tight correlation existed between the urinary excretion of these two isoprostanes (r=0.86). Method B enables quantification of dinor-dihydro metabolites of various F2-isoprostanes including 8-iso-PGF2alpha. 2,3-Dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2alpha was found to be an abundant dinor-dihydro F2-isoprostane metabolite. Validity of method A was proven by a combination of HPLC with TLC prior to GC-tandem MS analysis. A correlation was observed between the urinary concentrations of 2,3-dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-iso-PGF2alpha measured by GC-MS and GC-tandem MS (r=0.84).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Schwedhelm
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hannover Medical School, Germany
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Maufrais C, Fazakerley GV, Guy A, Cadet J, Boulard Y. Structure of an oligonucleotide containing a N-(2-deoxy-beta-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)formamide residue facing a guanine. Biochimie 2000; 82:65-9. [PMID: 10717389 DOI: 10.1016/s0300-9084(00)00342-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Formamide residue is a major oxidative DNA damage product from ionizing radiation on thymine residues in DNA. We report NMR and molecular modeling studies on a DNA duplex structure which contains guanine opposite formamide residue. Formamide residue exists as either the cis and trans isomer. For the trans and the cis isomers, we find that guanine and formamide are stacked inside the helix and are hydrogen bonded. The oligonucleotide adopts globally a B form structure for the two isomers. Conformational changes are observed between the two isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Maufrais
- CEA, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, CEA Saclay, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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Abstract
The opening of ortho-substituted phenyl oxiranes by borohydrides is described both in aqueous and solid phases. Some remarkable differences in the regioselectivity and inversion of enantioselectivity of oxirane ring-opening are reported. The results obtained are compared with previous studies and have allowed some factors governing the reactivity, the regio- and stereoselectivity of this reaction to be evaluated. Preferential orientations of the substrate included inside the cyclodextrin are proposed from these results. Copyright 1999 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Doussot
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique, CNAM, Associe au CNRS, 292 Rue Saint-Martin, 75141 Paris Cedex 03, France
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Shevchenko VP, Nagaev IY, Myasoedov NF, Guy A, Durand T, Vidal A, Vidal JP, Rossi JC, Bezuglov VV. Synthesis of labelled oxylipins: leukotriene A4 and 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 1999. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1099-1344(199907)42:7<663::aid-jlcr228>3.0.co;2-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Chiabrando C, Valagussa A, Rivalta C, Durand T, Guy A, Zuccato E, Villa P, Rossi JC, Fanelli R. Identification and measurement of endogenous beta-oxidation metabolites of 8-epi-Prostaglandin F2alpha. J Biol Chem 1999; 274:1313-9. [PMID: 9880501 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.274.3.1313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
F2-isoprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds derived from nonenzymatic free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of arachidonic acid. 8-epi-Prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha, a major component of the F2-isoprostane family, can be conveniently measured in urine to assess noninvasively lipid peroxidation in vivo. Measurement of major metabolites of endogenous 8-epi-PGF2alpha, in addition to the parent compound, may be useful to better define its formation in vivo. 2,3-Dinor-5,6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha is the only identified metabolite of 8-epi-PGF2alpha in man, but its endogenous levels are unknown. In addition to this metabolite, we have identified another major endogenous metabolite, 2,3-dinor-8-epi-PGF2alpha, in human and rat urine. The identity of these compounds, present at the pg/ml level in urine, was proven by a number of complementary approaches, based on: (a) immunoaffinity chromatography for selective extraction; (b) gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for structural analysis; (c) in vitro metabolism in isolated rat hepatocytes; and (d) chemical synthesis of the enantiomer of 2,3-dinor-5, 6-dihydro-8-epi-PGF2alpha as a reference standard. In humans, the urinary excretion rate of both dinor metabolites is comparable with that of 8-epi-PGF2alpha. Both metabolites increase in parallel with the parent compound in cigarette smokers, and they are not reduced during cyclooxygenase inhibition. Another beta-oxidation product, 2, 3,4,5-tetranor-8-epi-PGF2alpha, was identified as a major product of rat hepatocyte metabolism. In conclusion, at least two major beta-oxidation products of 8-epi-PGF2alpha are present in urine, which may be considered as additional analytical targets to evaluate 8-epi-PGF2alpha formation and degradation in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Chiabrando
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences," Via Eritrea 62, 20157 Milano, Italy.
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Crews J, Ehlen KJ, Goodwin P, Guy A, Morrison G, Parker S, Peddie E. Yes. No. Maybe. That's about as firm as the guidance gets over launching a provider-sponsored health plan. Strategy roundtable. Hosp Health Netw 1998; 72:42, 44, 46-8. [PMID: 9871417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Few participants in our roundtable on provider-sponsored health plans see them the same way. Some are gearing up new products, others are scaling back or getting out. Yet they agreed on one thing: The financial risks are tremendous.
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Abstract
Replication of the oxidative lesion 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine (GO) leads to the formation of both 8-oxo-7,8-dihydroguanine:adenine (GO:A) and 8-oxo-7,8-di-hydroguanine:cytosine (GO:C) pairs. The repair and mutagenic potency of these two kinds of base pairs were studied in simian COS7 and human MRC5V1 cells using the shuttle vector technology. Shuttle vectors carrying a unique GO residue opposite either a C or an A were constructed, then transfected into recipient mammalian cells. DNA repair resulting in G:C pairs and mutation frequency, were determined using resistance to digestion by the Ngo MI restriction enzyme for screening and DNA sequencing of suspect mutants. Results showed that the GO:C mismatch was well repaired since almost no mutations were detected in the plasmid progeny obtained 72 h after cell transfection. The GO:A pair was poorly repaired since only 32-34% of the plasmid progeny contained G:C whereas two thirds contained A:T at the original site. Repair kinetics measured with a non-replicating vector deleted by 13 bp at the SV40 replication origin, showed that GO:A was slowly repaired. Only 30% of the mispairs were corrected in 12 h. During this time 100% of the plasmids containing GO:A pairs were replicated as seen by the replication kinetics in a vector with an intact SV40 replication origin. These results show that, under our experimental conditions, replication is occurring before completion of DNA repair which explains the high mutagenic potency of the GO:A mispair.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Le Page
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, UPR42, IFC1-CNRS, F-94801 Villejuif Cedex BP No 8, France
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Gervais V, Cognet JA, Guy A, Cadet J, Téoule R, Fazakerley GV. Solution structure of N-(2-deoxy-D-erythro-pentofuranosyl)urea frameshifts, one intrahelical and the other extrahelical, by nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics. Biochemistry 1998; 37:1083-93. [PMID: 9454600 DOI: 10.1021/bi971202j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a N-(2-deoxy-D-erythro pentofuranosyl)urea (henceforth referred to as deoxyribosylurea) residue, ring fragmentation product of a thymine, in a frameshift situation in the sequence 5'd(AGGACCACG).d(CGTGGurTCCT) has been studied by 1H and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance and molecular dynamics. At equilibrium, two species are found in slow exchange. We observe that the deoxyribosylurea residue can be either intra- or extrahelical within structures which otherwise do not deviate strongly from that of a B-DNA as observed by NMR. Our study suggests that this is determined by the nature and number of hydrogen bonds which this residue can form as a function of two possible isomers. There are two possible structures for the urea side chain, either cis or trans for the urido bond which significantly changes the hydrogen bonding geometry of the residue. In the intrahelical species, the cis isomer can form two good hydrogen bonds with the bases on the opposite strand in the intrahelical species, A4 and C5, which is not the case for the trans isomer. This results in a kink in the helical axis. For the major extrahelical species, the situation is reversed. The trans isomer is able to form two good hydrogen bonds, with G13 on the same strand and A7 on the opposite strand. For the extrahelical species, the cis isomer can form only one hydrogen bond. In this major structure the NMR data show that the bases which are on either side of the deoxyribosylurea residue in the sequence, G14 and T16, are stacked over each other in a way similar to a normal B-DNA structure. This requires the formation of a loop for the backbone between these two residues. This loop can belong to one of two families, right- or left-handed. In a previous study of an abasic frameshift [Cuniasse et al. (1989) Biochemistry 28, 2018-2026], a left-handed loop was observed, whereas in this study a right-handed loop is found for the first time in solution. The deoxyribosylurea residue lies in the minor groove and can form both an intra- and an interstrand hydrogen bond.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gervais
- Département de Biologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire, CEA Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Gaubert E, Barnier H, Nicod L, Favre-Reguillon A, Foos J, Guy A, Bardot C, Lemaire M. Selective Cesium Removal from a Sodium Nitrate Aqueous Medium by Nanofiltration—Complexation. SEP SCI TECHNOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1080/01496399708000770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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