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Paphitis K, Habrun CA, Stapleton GS, Reid A, Lee C, Majury A, Murphy A, McClinchey H, Corbeil A, Kearney A, Benedict K, Tolar B, Forrest RO. Salmonella Vitkin Outbreak Associated with Bearded Dragons, Canada and United States, 2020-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:225-233. [PMID: 38270159 PMCID: PMC10826748 DOI: 10.3201/eid3002.230963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
We identified 2 cases of Salmonella enterica serovar Vitkin infection linked by whole-genome sequencing in infants in Ontario, Canada, during 2022. Both households of the infants reported having bearded dragons as pets. The outbreak strain was also isolated from an environmental sample collected from a patient's bearded dragon enclosure. Twelve cases were detected in the United States, and onset dates occurred during March 2021-September 2022 (isolates related to isolates from Canada within 0-9 allele differences by core-genome multilocus sequence typing). Most US patients (66.7%) were <1 year of age, and most (72.7%) had reported bearded dragon exposure. Hospitalization was reported for 5 (38.5%) of 13 patients. Traceback of bearded dragons identified at least 1 potential common supplier in Southeast Asia. Sharing rare serovar information and whole-genome sequencing data between Canada and the United States can assist in timely identification of outbreaks, including those that might not be detected through routine surveillance.
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Zewude RT, Corbeil A, Fung S, Moulton CA, Bogoch II. Alveolar Echinococcus in a 70-year-old man in Ontario. J Assoc Med Microbiol Infect Dis Can 2024; 8:336-342. [PMID: 38250619 PMCID: PMC10797761 DOI: 10.3138/jammi-2023-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Background Alveolar echinococcus, caused by the tapeworm Echinococcus multilocularis, mimics hepatic malignancy, and carries a mortality rate exceeding 90% in untreated patients. Methods Diagnosis of E. multilocularis infection is established through clinical, radiographic, and microbiological assessments. Currently available laboratory diagnostics in Ontario are fresh tissue microscopy and histopathology. However, genus-specific Echinococcus enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) serology as well as confirmatory testing with species-specific serology and E. multilocularis polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be obtained from external reference laboratories. Results The article presents the first case report of human alveolar echinococcus in Ontario. We outline the multidisciplinary approach of diagnosis as well as surgical and medical management of E. multilocularis infection in a 70-year-old man in Ontario. We describe prior literature of alveolar echinococcus in Canadian settings and highlight its emerging nature with recent human case clusters in the Prairies and reports of E. multilocularis in recent veterinary literature in Ontario. Conclusion E. multilocularis is an emerging parasitic infection in Canadian settings including Ontario. Clinicians should be aware of the emergence of this invasive infection, especially in those with close contact to canids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahel T Zewude
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Corbeil
- Public Health Ontario, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Scott Fung
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto Centre for Liver Diseases, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Carol-Anne Moulton
- Hepatobiliary/Pancreatic Surgical Program, Wallace McCain Centre for Pancreatic Cancer, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Isaac I Bogoch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Hui C, Bosch A, Mwizerwa O, McColl J, Corbeil A, Malcolmson C, Levy DM, Bismilla Z, Morris SK. Case Report: A Case of Bone Marrow Necrosis and Hyperinflammation in a 10-Year-Old Boy after Plasmodium falciparum Infection. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:611-615. [PMID: 37487563 PMCID: PMC10484272 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.22-0550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A 10-year-old boy with sickle cell disease (SCD) type SC presented with fever and abdominal pain after travel to Ghana and was diagnosed with Plasmodium falciparum infection. Despite adequate antimalarial treatment, he developed evidence of hyperinflammation with marked elevated ferritin, C-reactive protein, and triglycerides and subsequent bone marrow necrosis, characterized by elevated nucleated red blood cells and significant bone pain. This case report highlights the possible association between malaria and bone marrow necrosis in patients with SCD. Important considerations in treatment and workup of patients presenting with malaria and hyperinflammation are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Hui
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Alessandra Bosch
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Oscar Mwizerwa
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeanine McColl
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Antoine Corbeil
- Microbiology and Laboratory Science, Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Caroline Malcolmson
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- The Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Deborah M. Levy
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Rheumatology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Zia Bismilla
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Pediatric Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shaun K. Morris
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, The University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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Harish V, Buajitti E, Burrows H, Posen J, Bogoch II, Corbeil A, Gubbay JB, Rosella LC, Morris SK. Geographic clustering of travel-acquired infections in Ontario, Canada, 2008-2020. PLOS Glob Public Health 2023; 3:e0001608. [PMID: 36963058 PMCID: PMC10022755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgph.0001608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
As the frequency of international travel increases, more individuals are at risk of travel-acquired infections (TAIs). In this ecological study of over 170,000 unique tests from Public Health Ontario's laboratory, we reviewed all laboratory-reported cases of malaria, dengue, chikungunya, and enteric fever in Ontario, Canada between 2008-2020 to identify high-resolution geographical clusters for potential targeted pre-travel prevention. Smoothed standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% posterior credible intervals (CIs) were estimated using a spatial Bayesian hierarchical model. High- and low-incidence areas were described using data from the 2016 Census based on the home forward sortation area of patients testing positive. A second model was used to estimate the association between drivetime to the nearest travel clinic and incidence of TAI within high-incidence areas. There were 6,114 microbiologically confirmed TAIs across Ontario over the study period. There was spatial clustering of TAIs (Moran's I = 0.59, p<0.0001). Compared to low-incidence areas, high-incidence areas had higher proportions of immigrants (p<0.0001), were lower income (p = 0.0027), had higher levels of university education (p<0.0001), and less knowledge of English/French languages (p<0.0001). In the high-incidence Greater Toronto Area (GTA), each minute increase in drive time to the closest travel clinic was associated with a 3% reduction in TAI incidence (95% CI 1-6%). While urban neighbourhoods in the GTA had the highest burden of TAIs, geographic proximity to a travel clinic in the GTA was not associated with an area-level incidence reduction in TAI. This suggests other barriers to seeking and adhering to pre-travel advice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinyas Harish
- MD/PhD Program, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Emmalin Buajitti
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Occupational Health, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Holly Burrows
- Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States of America
| | - Joshua Posen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Isaac I. Bogoch
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jonathan B. Gubbay
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura C. Rosella
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Institute for Better Health, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Shaun K. Morris
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
- * E-mail:
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Hasso M, Perusini S, Eshaghi A, Tang E, Olsha R, Zhang H, Lau E, Sullivan A, Cronin K, Lee S, Obando J, DeLima C, Nagra S, Braukmann T, Duvvuri VR, Richard-Greenblatt M, Corbeil A, Kus JV, Majury A, Patel S, Gubbay JB. Monkeypox Virus Detection in Different Clinical Specimen Types. Emerg Infect Dis 2022; 28:2513-2515. [PMID: 36223653 PMCID: PMC9707591 DOI: 10.3201/eid2812.221160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
A global monkeypox outbreak began in May 2022. Limited data exist on specimen type performance in associated molecular diagnostics. Consequently, a diverse range of specimen sources were collected in the initial weeks of the outbreak in Ontario, Canada. Our clinical evaluation identified skin lesions as the optimal diagnostic specimen source.
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Abdulnoor M, Eshaghi A, Perusini SJ, Broukhanski G, Corbeil A, Cronin K, Fittipaldi N, Forbes JD, Guthrie JL, Kus JV, Li Y, Majury A, Mallo GV, Mazzulli T, Melano RG, Olsha R, Sullivan A, Tran V, Patel SN, Allen VG, Gubbay JB. Real-Time RT-PCR Allelic Discrimination Assay for Detection of N501Y Mutation in the Spike Protein of SARS-CoV-2 Associated with B.1.1.7 Variant of Concern. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0068121. [PMID: 35170989 PMCID: PMC8881086 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.00681-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The N501Y amino acid mutation caused by a single point substitution A23063T in the spike gene of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is possessed by three variants of concern (VOCs), B.1.1.7, B.1.351, and P.1. A rapid screening tool using this mutation is important for surveillance during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. We developed and validated a single nucleotide polymorphism real-time reverse transcription PCR assay using allelic discrimination of the spike gene N501Y mutation to screen for potential variants of concern and differentiate them from SARS-CoV-2 lineages without the N501Y mutation. A total of 160 clinical specimens positive for SARS-CoV-2 were characterized as mutant (N501Y) or N501 wild type by Sanger sequencing and were subsequently tested with the N501Y single nucleotide polymorphism real-time reverse transcriptase PCR assay. Our assay, compared to Sanger sequencing for single nucleotide polymorphism detection, demonstrated positive percent agreement of 100% for all 57 specimens displaying the N501Y mutation, which were confirmed by Sanger sequencing to be typed as A23063T, including one specimen with mixed signal for wild type and mutant. Negative percent agreement was 100% in all 103 specimens typed as N501 wild type, with A23063 identified as wild type by Sanger sequencing. The identification of circulating SARS-CoV-2 lineages carrying an N501Y mutation is critical for surveillance purposes. Current identification methods rely primarily on Sanger sequencing or whole-genome sequencing, which are time consuming, labor intensive, and costly. The assay described herein is an efficient tool for high-volume specimen screening for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs and for selecting specimens for confirmatory Sanger or whole-genome sequencing. IMPORTANCE During the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, several variants of concern (VOCs) have been detected, for example, B.1.1.7, B.1.351, P.1, and B.1.617.2. The VOCs pose a threat to public health efforts to control the spread of the virus. As such, surveillance and monitoring of these VOCs is of the utmost importance. Our real-time RT-PCR assay helps with surveillance by providing an easy method to quickly survey SARS-CoV-2 specimens for VOCs carrying the N501Y single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP). Samples that test positive for the N501Y mutation in the spike gene with our assay can be sequenced to identify the lineage. Thus, our assay helps to focus surveillance efforts and decrease turnaround times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Abdulnoor
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | | | - George Broukhanski
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Antoine Corbeil
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Nahuel Fittipaldi
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jessica D. Forbes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Julianne V. Kus
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ye Li
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anna Majury
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Tony Mazzulli
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Sinai Health/University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberto G. Melano
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Romy Olsha
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Vanessa Tran
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Samir N. Patel
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vanessa G. Allen
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jonathan B. Gubbay
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Burnes LE, Clark ST, Sheldrake E, Faheem A, Poon BP, Christie-Holmes N, Finlay L, Kandel C, Phan M, Frankland C, Lau T, Gubbay JB, Corbeil A, Katz K, Kozak RA. One swab, two tests: Validation of dual SARS-CoV-2 testing on the Abbott ID NOW™. J Clin Virol 2021; 141:104896. [PMID: 34174710 PMCID: PMC8196482 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2021.104896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Background Point-of-care tests (POCT) are promising tools to detect SARS-CoV-2 in specific settings. Initial reports suggest the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay (Abbott Diagnostics Inc, USA) is less sensitive than standard real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assays. This has raised concern over false negatives in SARS-CoV-2 POCT. Objectives We compared the performance of the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay to our in-house rRT-PCR assay to assess whether dry swabs used in ID NOW™ testing could be stored in transport media and be re-tested by rRT-PCR for redundancy and to provide material for further investigation. Methods Paired respiratory swabs collected from patients at three acute care hospitals were used. One swab in transport media (McMaster Molecular Media (MMM)) was tested for SARS-CoV-2 by a laboratory-developed two-target rRT-PCR assay. The second was stored dry in a sterile container and tested by the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay. Following ID NOW™ testing, dry swabs were stored in MMM for up to 48 h and re-tested by rRT-PCR. Serially diluted SARS-CoV-2 particles were used to assess the impact of heat inactivation and storage time. Results Respiratory swabs (n = 343) from 179 individuals were included. Using rRT-PCR results as the comparator, the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay had positive (PPA) and negative (NPA) percent agreements of 87.0% (95% CI:0.74–0.94) and 99.7% (95% CI:0.98–0.99). Re-tested swabs placed in MMM following ID NOW testing had PPA and NPA of 88.8% (95% CI:0.76–0.95) and 99.7% (95% CI:0.98–0.99), respectively. Conclusions Storing spent dry swabs in transport media for redundancy rRT-PCR testing is a potential approach to address possible false negatives with the ID NOW™ COVID-19 assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Burnes
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Shawn T Clark
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Amna Faheem
- North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Betty P Poon
- Combined Containment Level 3 Unit, University of Toronto,Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Trevor Lau
- Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jonathan B Gubbay
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Antoine Corbeil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kevin Katz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada; North York General Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Robert A Kozak
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Shared Hospital Laboratory, Toronto, ON, Canada; Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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MacFadden DR, Coburn B, Břinda K, Corbeil A, Daneman N, Fisman D, Lee RS, Lipsitch M, McGeer A, Melano RG, Mubareka S, Hanage WP. Using Genetic Distance from Archived Samples for the Prediction of Antibiotic Resistance in Escherichia coli. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2020; 64:e02417-19. [PMID: 32152083 PMCID: PMC7179619 DOI: 10.1128/aac.02417-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rising rates of antibiotic resistance increasingly compromise empirical treatment. Knowing the antibiotic susceptibility of a pathogen's close genetic relative(s) may improve empirical antibiotic selection. Using genomic and phenotypic data for Escherichia coli isolates from three separate clinically derived databases, we evaluated multiple genomic methods and statistical models for predicting antibiotic susceptibility, focusing on potentially rapidly available information, such as lineage or genetic distance from archived isolates. We applied these methods to derive and validate the prediction of antibiotic susceptibility to common antibiotics. We evaluated 968 separate episodes of suspected and confirmed infection with Escherichia coli from three geographically and temporally separated databases in Ontario, Canada, from 2010 to 2018. Across all approaches, model performance (area under the curve [AUC]) ranges for predicting antibiotic susceptibility were the greatest for ciprofloxacin (AUC, 0.76 to 0.97) and the lowest for trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (AUC, 0.51 to 0.80). When a model predicted that an isolate was susceptible, the resulting (posttest) probabilities of susceptibility were sufficient to warrant empirical therapy for most antibiotics (mean, 92%). An approach combining multiple models could permit the use of narrower-spectrum oral agents in 2 out of every 3 patients while maintaining high treatment adequacy (∼90%). Methods based on genetic relatedness to archived samples of E. coli could be used to predict antibiotic resistance and improve antibiotic selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek R MacFadden
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Bryan Coburn
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Karel Břinda
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Antoine Corbeil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nick Daneman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - David Fisman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robyn S Lee
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Marc Lipsitch
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Allison McGeer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Roberto G Melano
- Public Health Ontario Laboratory, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Samira Mubareka
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - William P Hanage
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Makhani L, Khatib A, Corbeil A, Kariyawasam R, Raheel H, Clarke S, Challa P, Hagopian E, Chakrabarti S, Schwartz KL, Boggild AK. 2018 in review: five hot topics in tropical medicine. Trop Dis Travel Med Vaccines 2019; 5:5. [PMID: 31016025 PMCID: PMC6466725 DOI: 10.1186/s40794-019-0082-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The year 2018 heralded many new developments in the field of tropical medicine, including licensure of novel drugs for novel indications, licensure of existing drugs for existing indications but in novel settings, and globalized outbreaks of both vector-borne and zoonotic diseases. We herein describe five top stories in tropical medicine that occurred during 2018, and illuminate the practice-changing development within each story.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Makhani
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 13EN-218, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Aisha Khatib
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 13EN-218, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Antoine Corbeil
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Hira Raheel
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Shareese Clarke
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 13EN-218, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
| | - Priyanka Challa
- Department of Life Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Emma Hagopian
- Department of Arts and Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Sumontra Chakrabarti
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 13EN-218, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Trillium Health Partners, Mississauga, Canada
| | - Kevin L. Schwartz
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 13EN-218, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St. Joseph’s Health Centre, Toronto, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
| | - Andrea K. Boggild
- Tropical Disease Unit, Toronto General Hospital, 200 Elizabeth Street, 13EN-218, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
- Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Public Health Ontario, Toronto, Canada
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10
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Corbeil A, Labrie J, Goetz C, Dufour S, Doghri I, Rivière L, Jacques M. Short communication: Search for superantigen genes in coagulase-negative staphylococci isolated from bovine milk in Canada. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:2008-2010. [DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-15648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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