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Weiderhold KN, Fadri-Moskwik M, Pan J, Nishino M, Chuang C, Deeraksa A, Lin SH, Yu-Lee LY. Dynamic Phosphorylation of NudC by Aurora B in Cytokinesis. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0153455. [PMID: 27074040 PMCID: PMC4830538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0153455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear distribution protein C (NudC) is a mitotic regulator that plays a role in cytokinesis. However, how NudC is regulated during cytokinesis remains unclear. Here, we show that NudC is phosphorylated by Aurora B, a kinase critical for cell abscission. NudC is co-localized with Aurora B at the midbody and co-immunoprecipitated with Aurora B in mitosis. Inhibition of Aurora B by ZM447439 reduced NudC phosphorylation, suggesting that NudC is an Aurora B substrate in vivo. We identified T40 on NudC as an Aurora B phosphorylation site. NudC depletion resulted in cytokinesis failure with a dramatic elongation of the intercellular bridge between daughter cells, sustained Aurora B activity at the midbody, and reduced cell abscission. These cytokinetic defects can be rescued by the ectopic expression of wild-type NudC. Reconstitution with T40A phospho-defective NudC was found to rescue the cytokinesis defect. In contrast, reconstitution with the T40D phospho-mimetic NudC was inefficient in supporting the completion of cytokinesis. These results suggest that that dynamic phosphorylation of NudC by Aurora B regulates cytokinesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly N. Weiderhold
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Maria Fadri-Moskwik
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Michiya Nishino
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Carol Chuang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Translational Molecular Pathology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Program in Integrative Molecular and Biomedical Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Section of Allergy Immunology and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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Deeraksa A, Pan J, Sha Y, Liu XD, Eissa NT, Lin SH, Yu-Lee LY. Plk1 is upregulated in androgen-insensitive prostate cancer cells and its inhibition leads to necroptosis. Oncogene 2013; 32:2973-83. [PMID: 22890325 PMCID: PMC3499666 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 05/29/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Castration-resistant prostate cancer (PCa) is refractory to hormone therapy and new strategies for treatment are urgently needed. We found that androgen-insensitive (AI) PCa cells, LNCaP-AI, are reprogrammed to upregulate the mitotic kinase Plk1 (Polo-like kinase 1) and other M-phase cell-cycle proteins, which may underlie AI PCa growth. In androgen-depleted media, LNCaP-AI cells showed exquisite sensitivity to growth inhibition by subnanomolar concentrations of a small molecule inhibitor of Plk1, BI2536, suggesting that these cells are dependent on Plk1 for growth. In contrast, the androgen-responsive parental LNCaP cells showed negligible responses to BI2536 treatment under the same condition. BI2536 treatment of LNCaP-AI cells resulted in an increase in cell death marker PARP-1 (polymerase-1) but did not activate caspase-3, an apoptosis marker, suggesting that the observed cell death was caspase-independent. BI2536-treated LNCaP-AI cells formed multinucleated giant cells that contain clusters of nuclear vesicles indicative of mitotic catastrophe. Live-cell time-lapse imaging revealed that BI2536-treated giant LNCaP-AI cells underwent necroptosis, as evidenced by 'explosive' cell death and partial reversal of cell death by a necroptosis inhibitor. Our studies suggest that LNCaP-AI cells underwent reprogramming in both their cell growth and cell death pathways, rendering them highly sensitive to Plk1 inhibition that induces necroptosis. Harnessing necroptosis through Plk1 inhibition may be explored for therapeutic intervention of castration-resistant PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Jing Pan
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Youbao Sha
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Xian-De Liu
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - N Tony Eissa
- Department of Medicine, Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, UT Texas at M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
| | - Li-yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology Allergy and Rheumatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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Fadri-Moskwik M, Weiderhold KN, Deeraksa A, Chuang C, Pan J, Lin SH, Yu-Lee LY. Aurora B is regulated by acetylation/deacetylation during mitosis in prostate cancer cells. FASEB J 2012; 26:4057-67. [PMID: 22751009 PMCID: PMC3448774 DOI: 10.1096/fj.12-206656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Protein acetylation has been implicated in playing an important role during mitotic progression. Aurora B kinase is known to play a critical role in mitosis. However, whether Aurora B is regulated by acetylation is not known. Using IP with an anti-acetyl lysine antibody, we identified Aurora B as an acetylated protein in PC3 prostate cancer cells. Knockdown of HDAC3 or inhibiting HDAC3 deacetylase activity led to a significant increase (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively) in Aurora B acetylation as compared to siLuc or vehicle-treated controls. Increased Aurora B acetylation is correlated with a 30% reduction in Aurora B kinase activity in vitro and resulted in significant defects in Aurora B-dependent mitotic processes, including kinetochore-microtubule attachment and chromosome congression. Furthermore, Aurora B transiently interacts with HDAC3 at the kinetochore-microtubule interface of congressing chromosomes during prometaphase. This window of interaction corresponded with a transient but significant reduction (P=0.02) in Aurora B acetylation during early mitosis. Together, these results indicate that Aurora B is more active in its deacetylated state and further suggest a new mechanism by which dynamic acetylation/deacetylation acts as a rheostat to fine-tune Aurora B activity during mitotic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Carol Chuang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
| | | | - Sue-Hwa Lin
- Department of Molecular Pathology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Li-Yuan Yu-Lee
- Department of Medicine
- Interdepartmental Program in Cell and Molecular Biology, and
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA; and
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Fadri-Moskwik MTM, Weiderhold K, Chuang C, Deeraksa A, Pan J, Lin SH, Yu-Lee LY. Aurora B is regulated by dynamic acetylation/deacetylation in prostate cancer cells. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.lb212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jing Pan
- Baylor College of MedicineHoustonTX
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Judy BM, Taylor K, Deeraksa A, Johnston RK, Endsley JJ, Vijayakumar S, Aronson JF, Estes DM, Torres AG. Prophylactic application of CpG oligonucleotides augments the early host response and confers protection in acute melioidosis. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34176. [PMID: 22448290 PMCID: PMC3309019 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Prophylactic administration of CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG ODNs) is known to confer protection against lethal sepsis caused by Burkholderia pseudomallei in the mouse model. The mechanisms whereby CpG regulates the innate immune response to provide protection against B. pseudomallei, however, are poorly characterized. In the present study, we demonstrate that intranasal treatment of mice with Class C CpG, results in recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils to the lung at 48 h post-treatment. Mice infected with B. pseudomallei 48 h post-CpG treatment had reduced organ bacterial load and significantly altered cytokine and chemokine profiles concomitant with protection as compared to control animals. CpG administration reduced the robust production of chemokines and pro-inflammatory cytokines in blood, lung and spleen, observed following infection of non-treated animals. Death of control animals coincided with the time of peak cytokine production (day 1–3), while a moderate; sustained cytokine production in CpG-treated animals was associated with survival. In general, CpG treatment resulted in diminished expression of cytokines and chemokines post-infection, though IL-12p40 was released in larger quantities in CpG treated animals. In contrast to CpG-treated animals, the lungs of infected control animals were infiltrated with leukocytes, especially neutrophils, and large numbers of necrotic lesions were observed in lung sections. Therapeutic treatment of B. pseudomallei-infected animals with CpG at 24 h post-infection did not impact survival compared to control animals. In summary, protection of CpG-treated animals was associated with recruitment of inflammatory monocytes and neutrophils into the lungs prior to infection. These responses correspond with early control of bacterial growth, a dampened inflammatory cytokine/chemokine response, reduced lung pathology, and greatly increased survival. In contrast, a delay in recruitment of inflammatory cell populations, despite a robust production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, was associated with poorly controlled bacterial growth, severe lung pathology, and death of control animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara M. Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Katherine Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - R. Katie Johnston
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Janice J. Endsley
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Sudhamathi Vijayakumar
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Judith F. Aronson
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
| | - D. Mark Estes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Whitlock GC, Robida MD, Judy BM, Qazi O, Brown KA, Deeraksa A, Taylor K, Massey S, Loskutov A, Borovkov AY, Brown K, Cano JA, Magee DM, Torres AG, Estes DM, Sykes KF. Protective antigens against glanders identified by expression library immunization. Front Microbiol 2011; 2:227. [PMID: 22125550 PMCID: PMC3221416 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2011.00227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/26/2011] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Burkholderia are highly evolved Gram-negative bacteria that primarily infect solipeds but are transmitted to humans by ingestion and cutaneous or aerosol exposures. Heightened concern over human infections of Burkholderia mallei and the very closely related species B. pseudomallei is due to the pathogens' proven effectiveness as bioweapons, and to the increased potential for natural opportunistic infections in the growing diabetic and immuno-compromised populations. These Burkholderia species are nearly impervious to antibiotic treatments and no vaccine exists. In this study, the genome of the highly virulent B. mallei ATCC23344 strain was examined by expression library immunization for gene-encoded protective antigens. This protocol for genomic-scale functional screening was customized to accommodate the unusually large complexity of Burkholderia, and yielded 12 new putative vaccine candidates. Five of the candidates were individually tested as protein immunogens and three were found to confer significant partial protection against a lethal pulmonary infection in a murine model of disease. Determinations of peripheral blood cytokine and chemokine profiles following individual protein immunizations show that interleukin-2 (IL-2) and IL-4 are elicited by the three confirmed candidates, but unexpectedly interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor-α are not. We suggest that these pathogen components, discovered using genetic immunization and confirmed in a conventional protein format, will be useful toward the development of a safe and effective glanders vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C. Whitlock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Mark D. Robida
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - Barbara M. Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Omar Qazi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of TexasAustin, TX, USA
| | - Katherine A. Brown
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of TexasAustin, TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of TexasAustin, TX, USA
| | - Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Katherine Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Shane Massey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Andrey Loskutov
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alex Y. Borovkov
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - Kevin Brown
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - Jose A. Cano
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - D. Mitchell Magee
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
| | - Alfredo G. Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
- Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - D. Mark Estes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical BranchGalveston, TX, USA
| | - Kathryn F. Sykes
- Center for Innovations in Medicine in the Biodesign Institute, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Arizona State UniversityTempe, AZ, USA
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7
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Ali IAI, Akakabe Y, Moonmangmee S, Deeraksa A, Matsutani M, Yakushi T, Yamada M, Matsushita K. Structural characterization of pellicle polysaccharides of Acetobacter tropicalis SKU1100 wild type and mutant strains. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.05.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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8
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Whitlock GC, Deeraksa A, Qazi O, Judy BM, Taylor K, Propst KL, Duffy AJ, Johnson K, Kitto GB, Brown KA, Dow SW, Torres AG, Estes DM. Protective response to subunit vaccination against intranasal Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei challenge. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 2. [PMID: 24379895 DOI: 10.1016/j.provac.2010.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei and B. pseudomallei are Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria, responsible for the diseases glanders and melioidosis, respectively. Furthermore, there is currently no vaccine available against these Burkholderia species. In this study, we aimed to identify protective proteins against these pathogens. Immunization with recombinant B. mallei Hcp1 (type VI secreted/structural protein), BimA (autotransporter protein), BopA (type III secreted protein), and B. pseudomallei LolC (ABC transporter protein) generated significant protection against lethal inhaled B. mallei ATCC23344 and B. pseudomallei 1026b challenge. Immunization with BopA elicited the greatest protective activity, resulting in 100% and 60% survival against B. mallei and B. pseudomallei challenge, respectively. Moreover, sera from recovered mice demonstrated reactivity with the recombinant proteins. Dendritic cells stimulated with each of the different recombinant proteins showed distinct cytokine patterns. In addition, T cells from immunized mice produced IFN-γ following in vitro re-stimulation. These results indicated therefore that it was possible to elicit cross-protective immunity against both B. mallei and B. pseudomallei by vaccinating animals with one or more novel recombinant proteins identified in B. mallei.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory C Whitlock
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070 ; Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
| | - Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
| | - Omar Qazi
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712
| | - Barbara M Judy
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
| | - Katherine Taylor
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
| | - Katie L Propst
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology and Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Angie J Duffy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology and Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Kate Johnson
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712
| | - G Barrie Kitto
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712 ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712
| | - Katherine A Brown
- Institute for Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712 ; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Austin, Austin Texas 78712 ; Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK SW7 2AZ
| | - Steven W Dow
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology and Rocky Mountain Regional Center of Excellence Colorado State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Fort Collins, CO 80523
| | - Alfredo G Torres
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070 ; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070 ; The Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
| | - D Mark Estes
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070 ; Department of Pathology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070 ; The Sealy Center for Vaccine Development, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas 77555-1070
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9
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Panzner MJ, Deeraksa A, Smith A, Wright BD, Hindi KM, Kascatan-Nebioglu A, Torres AG, Judy BM, Hovis CE, Hilliard JK, Mallett RJ, Cope E, Estes DM, Cannon CL, Leid JG, Youngs WJ. Synthesis and in vitro Efficacy Studies of Silver Carbene Complexes on Biosafety Level 3 Bacteria. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009; 2009:1739-1745. [PMID: 20160993 DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200801159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A series of N-heterocyclic carbene silver complexes have been synthesized and tested against the select group of bio-safety level 3 bacteria Burkholderia pseudomallei, Burkholderia mallei, Bacillus anthracis, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and Yersinia pestis. Minimal inhibitory concentrations, minimal bactericidal and killing assays demonstrated the exceptional efficacy of the complexes against these potentially weaponizable pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J Panzner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325-3601, USA
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10
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Deeraksa A, Qazi O, Whitlock GC, Judy BM, Torres AG. Development of a non-living vaccine against Burkholderia mallei (129.2). The Journal of Immunology 2009. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.supp.129.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Burkholderia mallei is a gram-negative highly pathogenic bacterium, responsible for glanders. B. mallei is considered potential bioterrorism agents, classified as such in list B by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Currently there is no vaccine available against B. mallei. In this study, we aimed to identify the protective proteins of B. mallei. The candidate proteins were selected based on the previous data of proteomics and linear expression library (LEE) whole-genome screens coupled with known structures or functions of the proteins in other bacteria. The selected proteins were BMA-4, BMA-8, BMA-9, BMA-10, BMA-11 and BMA-12. The genes encoding each protein were cloned into pCDNA3.1 and pET28a. The His-tag proteins were then purified. BALB/c mice were vaccinated with DNA encoding each protein and then boosted 3 weeks later with the recombinant proteins. Two weeks after boosting, mice were infected with B. mallei ATCC23344. The result showed that, 19 days after infection, there was 100% survival in the BMA2821 and BMAA0768 groups, however only 78% survival in the control group. The study needs to be repeated and the result will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Gregory C Whitlock
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
| | | | - Alfredo G Torres
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX
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11
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Deeraksa A, Moonmangmee S, Toyama H, Adachi O, Matsushita K. Conversion of capsular polysaccharide, involved in pellicle formation, to extracellular polysaccharide by galE deletion in Acetobacter tropicalis. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2006; 70:2536-9. [PMID: 17031049 DOI: 10.1271/bbb.60143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Acetobacter tropicalis SKU1100 produces a pellicle-forming capsular polysaccharide (CPS), consisting of galactose, glucose, and rhamnose. We cloned the galE gene, a UDP-galactose synthesis gene, from A. tropicalis SKU1100 by PCR. A galE-disruptant was prepared and found not to produce CPS and thus not to form a pellicle under the static condition. Instead, the DeltagalE mutant secreted an extracellular polysaccharide (EPS), which was purified and found to have a unique character, different from the original CPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Japan
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12
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Deeraksa A, Moonmangmee S, Toyama H, Yamada M, Adachi O, Matsushita K. Characterization and spontaneous mutation of a novel gene, polE, involved in pellicle formation in Acetobacter tropicalis SKU1100. Microbiology (Reading) 2005; 151:4111-4120. [PMID: 16339956 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.28350-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acetobacter tropicalis SKU1100 produces a pellicle polysaccharide, consisting of galactose, glucose and rhamnose, which attaches to the cell surface. This strain forms two types of colony on agar plates: a rough-surfaced colony (R strain) and a mucoid smooth-surfaced colony (S strain). The R strain forms a pellicle, allowing it to float on the medium surface in static culture, while the S strain does not. The pellicle is an assemblage of cells which are tightly associated with capsular polysaccharides (CPS) on the cell surface. In this study, a gene required for pellicle formation by the R strain was investigated by transposon mutagenesis using Tn10. The resulting mutant, designated Pel−, has a smooth-surfaced colony and a defect in pellicle formation, as for the S strain. The mutant produced polysaccharide which was instead secreted into the culture medium as extracellular polysaccharide (EPS). An ORF was identified at the Tn10 insertion site, designated polE, upstream of which polABCD genes were also found. The deduced amino acid sequences of polABCD showed a high level of homology to those of rfbBACD which are involved in dTDP-rhamnose synthesis, whereas polE had a relatively low level of homology to glycosyltransferase. In this study a polB (rfbA) disruptant was also prepared, which lacked both CPS and EPS production. A plasmid harbouring the polE or polB genes could restore pellicle formation in the Pel− mutant and S strains, and in the ΔpolB mutant, respectively. Thus both polE and polB are evidently involved in pellicle formation, most likely by anchoring polysaccharide to the cell surface and through the production of dTDP-rhamnose, respectively. The Pel− and ΔpolB mutants were unable to grow in static culture and became more sensitive to acetic acid due to the loss of pellicle formation. Additionally, this study identified the mutation sites of several S strains which were spontaneously isolated from the original culture and found them to be concentrated in a sequence of 7 C residues in the coding sequence of polE, with the deletion or addition of a single C nucleotide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpaporn Deeraksa
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Somporn Moonmangmee
- Department of Biotechnology, Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Khlong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
| | - Hirohide Toyama
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Mamoru Yamada
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Osao Adachi
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
| | - Kazunobu Matsushita
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8515, Japan
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