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Landers AL, Danes SM, Morgan AA, Simpson JE, White Hawk S. The hole in my heart is closing: Indigenous relative reunification identity verification. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 148:106062. [PMID: 36828752 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study explored the experience of reunification as place identity verification for Indigenous individuals who were fostered/adopted as youth. BACKGROUND Research on reunification tends to focus on disproportionality in child welfare and the factors associated with reunification. Few studies focus on experiences of reunification among Indigenous individuals including their perceptions and comprehensions about the reunification experience. METHOD Data from 70 fostered/adopted Indigenous individuals that reunified during adulthood were analyzed from the Experiences of Adopted and Fostered Individuals Project. Inductive thematic analysis was used to examine open-ended survey data about experience of reunification. RESULTS Three themes inductively emerged including: (1) relative reunification, (2) perceptions about reunification, and (3) comprehensions about reunification. During relative reunification, participants reunified with parent(s), extended caregiver(s), grandparent(s), sibling(s), cousin(s), niece(s)/nephew(s), and tribe. Participant's perceptions about reunification included happiness, relief, anger, mourning, and anxiety/excitement. Participant's comprehensions about reunification related to belonging, sense of place, history/heritage, healing, and resemblance. All five functions of place identity verification were met in reunification according to the Indigenous participant's voices. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the experience of relative reunification of Indigenous individuals who were separated from their families of origin during childhood by foster care and adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
| | - Sharon M Danes
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America.
| | - Amy A Morgan
- Department of Family Science, School of Public Health, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, United States of America.
| | - Jessica E Simpson
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America.
| | - Sandy White Hawk
- First Nations Repatriation Institute, Shakopee, MN, United States of America.
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Simpson JE, Landers AL, White Hawk S. Longing to belong: The ambiguous loss of Indigenous fostered/adopted individuals. Child Abuse Negl 2024; 148:106441. [PMID: 37833120 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2023.106441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Indigenous fostered/adopted individuals report high levels of grief because of their foster care/adoption. Little has been done, however, to explore how grief is experienced and the factors that contribute to said grief for fostered/adopted Indigenous individuals. OBJECTIVE This study examined the experiences of loss and grief of Indigenous individuals fostered/adopted during childhood. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Participants were 102 Indigenous fostered/adopted individuals who described the experiences of loss and grief related to adoption. METHODS This study utilized secondary data from the Fostered and Adopted Individuals Project. Inductive thematic analysis was conducted on open-ended survey data. RESULTS Two themes emerged: (1) ambiguous loss as a result of foster care and adoption and (2) the effects of the ambiguous loss that stem from foster care and adoption. Indigenous fostered/adopted persons experienced ambiguous loss in foster care and adoption. Their loss remained unresolved due to a loss of access to information about their family and tribe of origin. Although family of origin, tribal community, and culture were not physically present due to separation by foster care/adoption, they remained psychologically present. As a result of ambiguous loss, participants experienced disenfranchised grief, wondering and longing to belong, and mental health and substance abuse. CONCLUSION This study is the first of its kind to explore the loss and grief experiences of fostered/adopted Indigenous individuals using ambiguous loss theory. Ambiguous loss theory offers a framework for contextualizing the loss and grief that begins at separation and is present in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Simpson
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, United States of America.
| | - Ashley L Landers
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States of America.
| | - Sandy White Hawk
- First Nations Repatriation Institute, Shakopee, MN, United States of America
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O'Leary AM, Landers AL, Jackson JB. "I'm fighting with BPD instead of my partner": A dyadic interpretative phenomenological analysis of the lived experience of couples navigating borderline personality disorder. J Marital Fam Ther 2024; 50:45-70. [PMID: 37811894 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is associated with romantic relationship distress and dissolution. The complex interaction between BPD and romantic relationships warrants further attention. Dyadic interviews (N = 10) were conducted to examine the experience and impact of BPD on couples' relationships. The results of interpretative phenomenological analysis consisted of two superordinate themes describing the couple experience of navigating BPD: (a) the shared experience of BPD as a relational stressor; and (b) adaptive dyadic coping in the context of BPD. Although BPD was experienced as a relational stressor, dyadic coping and shared externalization of BPD emerged as central components to adaptive couple functioning. Most couples reported that therapy was a critical external resource in their journey toward adaptively functioning in the context of BPD, both intrapersonally and interpersonally. The lived experiences of these couples provides therapists with an increased understanding of the resources that support adaptive dyadic coping with BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abigail M O'Leary
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Tech, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Ashley L Landers
- Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Landers AL, Danes SM, Carrese DH, Mpras E, Campbell AR, White Hawk S. I can still hear my baby crying: The ambiguous loss of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers. Fam Process 2023; 62:702-721. [PMID: 36117153 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This study captures the experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers who lost a child to adoption and the impact of said loss on their health and wellbeing. Few studies examine the loss experiences of American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers despite their increased probability to lose a child to foster care and adoption. American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers are distinct from birthmothers of other races in their experiences of intergenerational and historical child loss, having disproportionately lost their children to systematic practices of child removal via boarding schools, the adoption era, and child welfare. Interview data from 8 American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers were analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. Five themes emerged including: (1) the social context of losing a child to adoption for American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers, (2) the ambiguous loss of a child to adoption, (3) grief reactions to the loss, (4) the impact of the loss on birthmother health and wellbeing, and (5) creating resiliency. Findings suggest that American Indian/Alaska Native birthmothers experience ambiguous loss, as well as elevated mental health problems and substance abuse following the loss of a child to adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Human Development and Family Science Program, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sharon M Danes
- Department of Family Social Science, College of Education and Human Development, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota, USA
| | - Domenica H Carrese
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Virginia Tech, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Evdoxia Mpras
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Virginia Tech, Falls Church, Virginia, USA
| | - Avery R Campbell
- Human Development and Family Science, College of Family and Consumer Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA
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Trinter F, Miteva T, Weller M, Hartung A, Richter M, Williams JB, Gatton A, Gaire B, Sartor J, Landers AL, Berry B, Ben-Itzhak I, Sisourat N, Stumpf V, Gokhberg K, Dörner R, Jahnke T, Weber T. Ultrafast temporal evolution of interatomic Coulombic decay in NeKr dimers. Chem Sci 2022; 13:1789-1800. [PMID: 35282626 PMCID: PMC8827086 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc04630f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate interatomic Coulombic decay in NeKr dimers after neon inner-valence photoionization [Ne+(2s-1)] using a synchrotron light source. We measure with high energy resolution the two singly charged ions of the Coulomb-exploding dimer dication and the photoelectron in coincidence. By carefully tracing the post-collision interaction between the photoelectron and the emitted ICD electron we are able to probe the temporal evolution of the state as it decays. Although the ionizing light pulses are 80 picoseconds long, we determine the lifetime of the intermediate dimer cation state and visualize the contraction of the nuclear structure on the femtosecond time scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Trinter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany .,Molecular Physics, Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - T Miteva
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - M Weller
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany .,Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - A Hartung
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - M Richter
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - J B Williams
- Department of Physics, University of Nevada Reno Nevada 89557 USA
| | - A Gatton
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA .,Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B Gaire
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - J Sartor
- Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - A L Landers
- Department of Physics, Auburn University Auburn Alabama 36849 USA
| | - B Berry
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J. R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University Manhattan Kansas 66506 USA
| | - N Sisourat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Matière et Rayonnement, UMR 7614, Sorbonne Université, CNRS 75005 Paris France
| | - V Stumpf
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - K Gokhberg
- Theoretische Chemie, Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Universität Heidelberg 69120 Heidelberg Germany
| | - R Dörner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität 60438 Frankfurt am Main Germany
| | - T Jahnke
- European XFEL GmbH 22869 Schenefeld Germany
| | - T Weber
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division Berkeley California 94720 USA
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Morgan AA, Landers AL, Simpson JE, Russon JM, Case Pease J, Dolbin‐MacNab ML, Bland KN, Jackson JB. The transition to teletherapy in marriage and family therapy training settings during COVID-19: What do the data tell us? J Marital Fam Ther 2021; 47:320-341. [PMID: 33742728 PMCID: PMC8250895 DOI: 10.1111/jmft.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic, little is known about how university training programs transitioned to teletherapy. This study describes the transition of two university marriage and family therapy (i.e., master's and doctoral) training clinics to teletherapy and presents preliminary analyses of the types of clients and cases that converted to teletherapy. A series of chi-square analyses, a t-test, a logistic regression model, and a multiple linear regression model were employed. Four key findings emerged: (1) most cases converted to teletherapy; (2) Hispanic ethnicity was the only demographic characteristic to significantly predict conversion to teletherapy; (3) individual cases were significantly more likely to convert to teletherapy than relational cases; and (4) the number of prior in-person sessions attended significantly predicted conversion to teletherapy. Teletherapy conversion implications are discussed across four systemic levels: client, student trainee, supervision, and larger systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A. Morgan
- Department of Family ScienceSchool of Public HealthUniversity of MarylandCollege ParkMDUSA
| | - Ashley L. Landers
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceCollege of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg & Falls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Jessica E. Simpson
- Department of Family Social ScienceCollege of Education and Human DevelopmentUniversity of MinnesotaSt PaulMNUSA
| | - Jody M. Russon
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceCollege of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg & Falls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Jenene Case Pease
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceCollege of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg & Falls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Megan L. Dolbin‐MacNab
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceCollege of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg & Falls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Krista N. Bland
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceCollege of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg & Falls ChurchVAUSA
| | - Jeffrey B. Jackson
- Department of Human Development and Family ScienceCollege of Liberal Arts and Human SciencesVirginia TechBlacksburg & Falls ChurchVAUSA
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McLuckie A, Landers AL, Rowbotham M, Landine J, Schwartz M, Ng D. Are Parent- and Teacher-Reported Executive Function Difficulties Associated With Parenting Stress for Children Diagnosed With ADHD? J Atten Disord 2021; 25:22-32. [PMID: 29482475 DOI: 10.1177/1087054718756196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To examine the relationship between parenting stress and parent- and teacher-reported executive function difficulties (EFDs) for childhood ADHD. Method: A secondary analysis using linear regression was conducted on parent- and teacher-completed Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Function and Parenting Stress Indexes for 5- to 12-year-olds (n = 243) with ADHD. Results: The linear combination of teacher- and parent-reported EFDs accounted for 49% of the variance in child-related parenting stress. Teacher-reported school-based EFDs were relatively inconsequential, having accounted for only 3% of this variance. This stress is best explained by EFDs with emotional control in the school environment and parent-reported EFDs with emotional control, inhibit, monitor, and shift. Conclusion: Parent-reported EFDs, and less so school-based EFDs, are related to parenting stress, but only in regard to EFDs likely underpinning behavioral outbursts and those likely underpinning the daily hassles of providing specialized care to children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Landers
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, USA
| | | | - Jeff Landine
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, Canada
| | | | - David Ng
- Queens University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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Landers AL, Danes SM, Campbell AR, White Hawk S. Abuse after abuse: The recurrent maltreatment of American Indian children in foster care and adoption. Child Abuse Negl 2021; 111:104805. [PMID: 33307520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While maltreated children are at risk for recurrent maltreatment, less is known about the maltreatment recurrence of American Indian children in foster and adoptive homes. OBJECTIVE This study examined the recurrent maltreatment of American Indian children in foster and adoptive homes, specifically the physical, emotional, sexual, and spiritual abuse subtypes, as well as poly-victimization of American Indian children in comparison to their White peers. PARTICIPANTS AND SETTING Data originated from the Experiences of Adopted and Fostered Individuals Project. The sample (n = 230) consisted of 99 American Indian and 131 White participants who experienced foster care and/or adoption during childhood. METHOD Chi-square analyses and a t-test were used to test differences in maltreatment recurrence. Ordinary least squares regression analysis was used to examine the factors that contributed to poly-victimization. RESULTS Both American Indian and White participants reported high rates of emotional abuse. American Indian participants were particularly vulnerable to maltreatment recurrence in the forms of physical, sexual, and spiritual abuse, as well as poly-victimization in their foster and adoptive homes. CONCLUSIONS Our findings reflect high rates of maltreatment recurrence in foster care and adoption, which may be the result of retrospective self-report, rather than measures of rereport or substantiated recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, United States.
| | - Sharon M Danes
- Department of Family Social Science, University of Minnesota, United States.
| | - Avery R Campbell
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, University of Georgia, United States.
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Dimitropoulos G, Landers AL, Freeman V, Novick J, Cullen O, Le Grange D. Family-based treatment for transition age youth: the role of expressed emotion and general family functioning. Eat Disord 2019; 27:419-435. [PMID: 30358513 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2018.1529472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate changes in family functioning and parental expressed emotion (EE) in parents and transition age youth (18 to 25 years old) with Anorexia Nervosa participating in Family-Based Treatment for Transition Age Youth (FBT-TAY). Further, we examined whether perceived family functioning and EE were associated with changes in eating disorder behaviour and weight in participants at end-of-treatment and three months post-treatment. Generalized estimating equations revealed that changes in family functioning significantly improved from baseline to end-of-treatment (p = .0001), and baseline to three months post-treatment (p = .0001) in parents; and from baseline to end-of-treatment (p = .011), and baseline to three months post-treatment (p = .0001) in transition age youth. The level of parental EE did not differ significantly from baseline to end-of-treatment (p = .379), or baseline to three months post-treatment (p = .185). A series of Ordinary Least Square regression models demonstrated that changes in perceived family functioning and EE were not significantly associated with changes in eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration of transition age youth at end-of-treatment and three months post-treatment. Overall, perceptions of family functioning improved during the course of FBT-TAY, but EE did not.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Dimitropoulos
- Toronto General Hospital Eating Disorder Program, University Health Network , Toronto , Ontario , Canada
| | - Ashley L Landers
- Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University , Falls Church , Virginia , USA
| | - Victoria Freeman
- Toronto General Hospital, University Health Network , Toronto Ontario , Canada
| | - Jason Novick
- Department of Sociology, Mount Royal University , Calgary Alberta , Canada
| | - Olivia Cullen
- Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary , Calgary Alberta , Canada
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California , San Francisco CA , USA
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McLuckie A, Landers AL, Curran JA, Cann R, Carrese DH, Nolan A, Corrigan K, Carrey NJ. A scoping review of mental health prevention and intervention initiatives for infants and preschoolers at risk for socio-emotional difficulties. Syst Rev 2019; 8:183. [PMID: 31337424 PMCID: PMC6651971 DOI: 10.1186/s13643-019-1043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Infant mental health has emerged as a unique area of practice and research distinguished from child and youth sub-specialties by its advocacy for a relational practice framework with an emphasis on parents/caregivers being integral to assessment, treatment, and prevention initiatives. A diverse array of initiatives offered across a broad spectrum of delivery methods is available to clinicians. However, to date, a large-scale mapping of the research evidence regarding these interventions has yet to be completed to help inform clinician's decisions regarding the best approaches for their clients. To address this knowledge gap, this study aimed to report on the landscape of research pertaining to mental health interventions for infants and preschoolers (0-5 years), and their families at risk for socio-emotional difficulties and negative developmental outcomes. METHOD A scoping review methodology was used to conduct a large-scale mapping of the intervention research pertaining to infants and preschoolers (0-5) at risk for socio-emotional difficulties. We searched MEDLINE, PsycINFO, EMBASE, Web of Science, The Cochrane Library, CINAHL, LILACS, ProQuest Nursing & Allied Health Source, World Cat, and ClinicalTrials.gov , from inception to December 31, 2012. We extracted information regarding publication date, geographical location, study design, level of risk, population, key intervention mechanism, and outcome measures. RESULTS We identified 533 potential studies from 1233 title and abstracts after the first round of screening. Full text article review in the second round of screening resulted in a total of 162 included articles for the final analysis. Results indicated that over 50% of interventions evaluated were randomized controlled trials conducted in Westernized countries. Most studies could be subdivided by level of risk within a preventative public health framework including universal, selected, indicated, and direct treatment for children formally diagnosed with a mental disorder. Risk factors experienced by children and their families were heterogeneously defined and numerous outcome measures across included studies. The results of this study are limited to the last search date of 2012. CONCLUSIONS Key intervention mechanisms spanned a range of approaches including parenting groups, dyadic, in-home, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and day care-based interventions. The findings are discussed in terms of implications for broad trends and gaps in research and policy for this population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley L Landers
- Department of Human Development, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 7054 Haycock Road, Falls Church, VA, 22043, USA.
| | | | | | - Domenica H Carrese
- Department of Human Development, Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, 7054 Haycock Road, Falls Church, VA, 22043, USA
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11
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Landers AL, McLuckie A, Cann R, Shapiro V, Visintini S, MacLaurin B, Trocmé N, Saini M, Carrey NJ. A scoping review of evidence-based interventions available to parents of maltreated children ages 0-5 involved with child welfare services. Child Abuse Negl 2018; 76:546-560. [PMID: 28985958 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2017] [Revised: 09/05/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Parents referred to child welfare services for child maltreatment often struggle against chronic risk factors including violence, substance abuse, mental health concerns, and poverty, which impinge upon their ability to be sensitive caregivers. The first line of intervention within the child welfare context is to modify parenting behavior. This scoping review comprehensively surveyed all available literature to map the extent and range of research activity around the types of interventions available within a child welfare context to parents of infants and toddlers (0-5 years of age), to identify the facilitators and/or barriers to the uptake of interventions, and to check that interventions match the risk factors faced by parents. This scoping review engaged in stringent screening of studies based upon inclusion/exclusion criteria. Sixty-five articles involving forty-two interventions met inclusion criteria. Interventions generally aimed to improve parenting practices, the relationship between parent and child, and/or attachment security, along with reducing child abuse and/or neglect. A notable finding of this scoping review is that at present, interventions for parents of children ages 0-5 involved with the child welfare system are most frequently measured via case study and quasi-experimental designs, with randomized control trials making up 26.2% of included study designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashley L Landers
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, United States.
| | | | - Robin Cann
- IWK Health Centre, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
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McLuckie A, Matheson KM, Landers AL, Landine J, Novick J, Barrett T, Dimitropoulos G. The Relationship Between Psychological Distress and Perception of Emotional Support in Medical Students and Residents and Implications for Educational Institutions. Acad Psychiatry 2018; 42:41-47. [PMID: 29124715 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-017-0800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychological distress is pervasive among medical students and residents (MSR) and is associated with academic under-performance, decreased empathy, burnout, and suicidal ideation. To date, there has been little examination of how demographic and socioeconomic factors influence trainee's psychological distress levels, despite suggestion that financial concerns are a common source of stress. Recent Canadian studies examining the prevalence of distress, burnout, and resilience in MSR are limited. METHODS Undergraduate and postgraduate medical trainees attending a Canadian university were surveyed. The questionnaire included standardized instruments to evaluate psychological distress, burnout, and resilience. Additional items explored MSR living and domestic circumstances, and anticipated debt upon training completion. Ordinary least squares regression models determined predictors of psychological distress, risk for burnout, and resiliency. Logistic regression of psychological distress predicted risk of MSR contemplating dropping out of their training program. RESULTS Feeling emotionally/psychologically unsupported while attending university was a key predictor of psychological distress and burnout, while feeling supported reduces this risk. Risk for burnout increased with each year of medical training. Psychologically distressed MSR were at significantly greater odds of contemplating dropping out of their medical training program. CONCLUSIONS Our results point to the important opportunity universities and medical schools have promoting MSR well-being by reducing institutional stressors, as well as teaching and promoting self-care and burnout avoidance techniques, instituting wellness interventions, and developing programs to identify and support at risk and distressed students.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley L Landers
- Virginia Polytechnic Institute & State University, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - Jeff Landine
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
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Dimitropoulos G, Landers AL, Freeman VE, Novick J, Cullen O, Engelberg M, Steinegger C, Le Grange D. Family-based treatment for transition age youth: parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation. J Eat Disord 2018; 6:13. [PMID: 29928504 PMCID: PMC5989339 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-018-0196-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family-Based Treatment (FBT) is the first line of care in paediatric treatment while adult programs focus on individualized models of care. Transition age youth (TAY) with Anorexia Nervosa (AN) are in a unique life stage and between systems of care. As such, they and their caregivers may benefit from specialized, developmentally tailored models of treatment. METHODS The primary purpose of this study was to assess if parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation changed in caregivers during the course of FBT-TAY for AN. The secondary aim was to determine if changes in parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation contributed to improvements in eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration in the transition age youth with AN. Twenty-six participants (ages 16-22) and 39 caregivers were recruited. Caregivers completed the Parents versus Anorexia Scale and Accommodation and Enabling Scale for Eating Disorders at baseline, end-of-treatment (EOT), and 3 months follow-up. RESULTS Unbalanced repeated measures designs for parental self-efficacy and caregiver accommodation towards illness behaviours were conducted using generalized estimation equations. Parental self-efficacy increased from baseline to EOT, although not significantly (p = .398). Parental self-efficacy significantly increased from baseline to 3 months post-treatment (p = .002). Caregiver accommodation towards the illness significantly decreased from baseline to EOT (p = 0.0001), but not from baseline to 3 months post-treatment (p = 1.000). Stepwise ordinary least squares regression estimates of eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration did not show that changes in parental-self efficacy and caregiver accommodation predict eating disorder behaviour or weight restoration at EOT or 3 months post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate, albeit preliminary at this stage, that FBT-TAY promotes positive increases in parental self-efficacy and assists caregivers in decreasing their accommodation to illness behaviours for transition age youth with AN. However, changes in the parental factors did not influence changes in eating and weight in the transition age youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina Dimitropoulos
- 1Faculty of Social Work, Matheson Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Calgary, 4212-2800 University Way N.W., Calgary, Alberta Canada.,8Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, 4212-2800 University Way N.W., Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Ashley L Landers
- 2Department of Human Development and Family Science, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University, Falls Church, VA USA
| | - Victoria E Freeman
- 3University Health Network, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Jason Novick
- 4Department of Sociology, Mount Royal University, Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Olivia Cullen
- 1Faculty of Social Work, Matheson Centre for Mental Health Research, University of Calgary, 4212-2800 University Way N.W., Calgary, Alberta Canada
| | - Marla Engelberg
- 5Adolescent Eating Disorder Program, North York General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Cathleen Steinegger
- 6Division of Adolescent Medicine, The Hospital for Sick Children and the University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- 7Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, CA USA
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Dimitropoulos G, Landers AL, Freeman V, Novick J, Garber A, Le Grange D. Open Trial of Family-Based Treatment of Anorexia Nervosa for Transition Age Youth. J Can Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2018; 27:50-61. [PMID: 29375633 PMCID: PMC5777691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This pilot study conducted an open trial of a manualized adaptation to Family-Based Treatment for Transition Age Youth (FBT-TAY) for Anorexia Nervosa (AN). The aims were: (1) determine the acceptability of FBT for TAY; and, (2) establish preliminary effect sizes for the impact of FBT-TAY on eating disorder behaviour and weight restoration. METHOD Twenty-six participants across two paediatric and one adult hospital site were recruited to participate. Participants completed the Eating Disorder Examination Questionnaire (EDE-Q) at the start of treatment, the end-of-treatment, and three-month follow-up. RESULTS FBT-TAY is an acceptable and feasible treatment to all study therapists as evidenced by their fidelity to the model. FBT-TAY is a feasible and acceptable intervention to transition age youth, given only 27.27% chose treatment as usual over FBT-TAY. Participants presented significant improvement at end-of-treatment and three-months post-treatment (p < .001; ES = 0.34) from baseline on the EDE-Q Global Score. Participants also achieved and maintained weight restoration at the end-of-treatment and three-months post-treatment when compared to baseline (p < .0001, ES = 0.54). CONCLUSIONS FBT-TAY, the first manualized AN treatment for TAY, demonstrated feasibility and acceptability with therapists and participants as well as improvement for participants in EDE-Q global score and weight. Given the current dearth of effective treatments for TAY with AN, FBT-TAY is a promising adaptation of FBT. A larger clinical trial with a 12-month follow-up is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Victoria Freeman
- Eating Disorders Program, Toronto General Hospital, Toronto, Ontario
| | - Jason Novick
- Department of Sociology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Andrea Garber
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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Landers AL, Danes SM, Ingalls-Maloney K, White Hawk S. American Indian and White Adoptees: Are There Mental Health Differences? Am Indian Alsk Native Ment Health Res 2017; 24:54-75. [PMID: 28832888 DOI: 10.5820/aian.2402.2017.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult adoptees are at increased risk for mental health problems compared to nonadoptees. However, little is known about subsets of adoptees that may be more or less vulnerable to mental health problems. The purpose of this study was to explore the presence of mental health problems of American Indian (AI) persons compared to White persons who were separated from their birth families during childhood by foster care and/or adoption. Family systems theory guided the study. AI adoptees reported higher percentages of problems than White adoptees on all mental health problems measures (e.g., substance abuse, mental health, self-injury, and suicide). Data analysis included a series of chi-square statistics and logistic regression models. AI adoptees were more likely to report mental health problems, including alcohol addiction, alcohol recovery, drug recovery, self-assessed eating disorder, eating disorder diagnosis, self-harm, and suicidal ideation than were whites.
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16
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Schöffler MS, Stuck C, Waitz M, Trinter F, Jahnke T, Lenz U, Jones M, Belkacem A, Landers AL, Pindzola MS, Cocke CL, Colgan J, Kheifets A, Bray I, Schmidt-Böcking H, Dörner R, Weber T. Ejection of quasi-free-electron pairs from the helium-atom ground state by single-photon absorption. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:013003. [PMID: 23862999 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.013003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the single-photon double ionization of helium at photon energies of 440 and 800 eV. We observe doubly charged ions with close to zero momentum corresponding to electrons emitted back to back with equal energy. These slow ions are the unique fingerprint of an elusive quasifree photon double ionization mechanism predicted by Amusia et al. nearly four decades ago [J. Phys. B 8, 1248 (1975)]. It results from the nondipole part of the electromagnetic interaction. Our experimental data are supported by calculations performed using the convergent close-coupling and time-dependent close-coupling methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schöffler
- Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA.
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17
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Moradmand A, Williams JB, Landers AL, Fogle M. Momentum-imaging apparatus for the study of dissociative electron attachment dynamics. Rev Sci Instrum 2013; 84:033104. [PMID: 23556804 DOI: 10.1063/1.4794093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An ion-momentum spectrometer is used to study the dissociative dynamics of electron attachment to molecules. A skimmed, supersonic gas jet is crossed with a pulsed beam of low-energy electrons, and the resulting negative ions are extracted toward a time- and position-sensitive detector. Calculations of the momentum in three dimensions may be used to determine the angular dependence of dissociative attachment as well as the energetics of the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Moradmand
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA.
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18
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Williams JB, Trevisan CS, Schöffler MS, Jahnke T, Bocharova I, Kim H, Ulrich B, Wallauer R, Sturm F, Rescigno TN, Belkacem A, Dörner R, Weber T, McCurdy CW, Landers AL. Imaging polyatomic molecules in three dimensions using molecular frame photoelectron angular distributions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:233002. [PMID: 23003951 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.233002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a method for determining the full three-dimensional molecular-frame photoelectron angular distribution in polyatomic molecules using methane as a prototype. Simultaneous double Auger decay and subsequent dissociation allow measurement of the initial momentum vectors of the ionic fragments and the photoelectron in coincidence, allowing full orientation by observing a three-ion decay pathway, (H+, H+, CH2(+)). We find the striking result that at low photoelectron energies the molecule is effectively imaged by the focusing of photoelectrons along bond directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J B Williams
- Department of Physics, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama 36849, USA
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19
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Landers AL, Robicheaux F, Jahnke T, Schöffler M, Osipov T, Titze J, Lee SY, Adaniya H, Hertlein M, Ranitovic P, Bocharova I, Akoury D, Bhandary A, Weber T, Prior MH, Cocke CL, Dörner R, Belkacem A. Angular correlation between photoelectrons and auger electrons from K-shell ionization of neon. Phys Rev Lett 2009; 102:223001. [PMID: 19658860 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.102.223001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2008] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We have used cold target recoil ion momentum spectroscopy to study the continuum correlation between the photoelectron of core-photoionized neon and the subsequent Auger electron. We observe a strong angular correlation between the two electrons. Classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations agree quite well with the photoelectron energy distribution that is shifted due to the potential change associated with Auger decay. However, a striking discrepancy results in the distribution of the relative angle between Auger and photoelectron. The classical model predicts a shift in photoelectron flux away from the Auger emission direction, and the data strikingly reveal that the flux is lost rather than diverted, indicating that the two-step interpretation of photoionization followed by Auger emission is insufficient to fully describe the core-photoionization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L Landers
- Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849, USA.
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20
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Schöffler MS, Titze J, Petridis N, Jahnke T, Cole K, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Akoury D, Jagutzki O, Williams JB, Cherepkov NA, Semenov SK, McCurdy CW, Rescigno TN, Cocke CL, Osipov T, Lee S, Prior MH, Belkacem A, Landers AL, Schmidt-Böcking H, Weber T, Dörner R. Ultrafast probing of core hole localization in N2. Science 2008; 320:920-3. [PMID: 18487190 DOI: 10.1126/science.1154989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Although valence electrons are clearly delocalized in molecular bonding frameworks, chemists and physicists have long debated the question of whether the core vacancy created in a homonuclear diatomic molecule by absorption of a single x-ray photon is localized on one atom or delocalized over both. We have been able to clarify this question with an experiment that uses Auger electron angular emission patterns from molecular nitrogen after inner-shell ionization as an ultrafast probe of hole localization. The experiment, along with the accompanying theory, shows that observation of symmetry breaking (localization) or preservation (delocalization) depends on how the quantum entangled Bell state created by Auger decay is detected by the measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Johann Wolfgang Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany.
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21
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Kreidi K, Akoury D, Jahnke T, Weber T, Staudte A, Schöffler M, Neumann N, Titze J, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Jagutzki O, Costa Fraga RA, Grisenti RE, Smolarski M, Ranitovic P, Cocke CL, Osipov T, Adaniya H, Thompson JC, Prior MH, Belkacem A, Landers AL, Schmidt-Böcking H, Dörner R. Interference in the collective electron momentum in double photoionization of H2. Phys Rev Lett 2008; 100:133005. [PMID: 18517946 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.100.133005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
We investigate single-photon double ionization of H(2) by 130 to 240 eV circularly polarized photons. We find a double slitlike interference pattern in the sum momentum of both electrons in the molecular frame which survives integration over all other degrees of freedom. The difference momentum and the individual electron momentum distributions do not show such a robust interference pattern. We show that this interference results from a non-Heitler-London fraction of the H(2) ground state where both electrons are at the same atomic center.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Kreidi
- Institut für Kernphysik, J.W. Goethe Universität, Max-von-Laue-Strasse 1, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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22
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Akoury D, Kreidi K, Jahnke T, Weber T, Staudte A, Schöffler M, Neumann N, Titze J, Schmidt LPH, Czasch A, Jagutzki O, Costa Fraga RA, Grisenti RE, Díez Muiño R, Cherepkov NA, Semenov SK, Ranitovic P, Cocke CL, Osipov T, Adaniya H, Thompson JC, Prior MH, Belkacem A, Landers AL, Schmidt-Böcking H, Dörner R. The simplest double slit: interference and entanglement in double photoionization of H2. Science 2007; 318:949-52. [PMID: 17991857 DOI: 10.1126/science.1144959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The wave nature of particles is rarely observed, in part because of their very short de Broglie wavelengths in most situations. However, even with wavelengths close to the size of their surroundings, the particles couple to their environment (for example, by gravity, Coulomb interaction, or thermal radiation). These couplings shift the wave phases, often in an uncontrolled way, and the resulting decoherence, or loss of phase integrity, is thought to be a main cause of the transition from quantum to classical behavior. How much interaction is needed to induce this transition? Here we show that a photoelectron and two protons form a minimum particle/slit system and that a single additional electron constitutes a minimum environment. Interference fringes observed in the angular distribution of a single electron are lost through its Coulomb interaction with a second electron, though the correlated momenta of the entangled electron pair continue to exhibit quantum interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Akoury
- Institut für Kernphysik, University Frankfurt, Max von Laue Str 1, D-60438 Frankfurt, Germany
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23
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Martín F, Fernández J, Havermeier T, Foucar L, Weber T, Kreidi K, Schöffler M, Schmidt L, Jahnke T, Jagutzki O, Czasch A, Benis EP, Osipov T, Landers AL, Belkacem A, Prior MH, Schmidt-Böcking H, Cocke CL, Dörner R. Single Photon-Induced Symmetry Breaking of H2 Dissociation. Science 2007; 315:629-33. [PMID: 17272717 DOI: 10.1126/science.1136598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
H2, the smallest and most abundant molecule in the universe, has a perfectly symmetric ground state. What does it take to break this symmetry? We found that the inversion symmetry can be broken by absorption of a linearly polarized photon, which itself has inversion symmetry. In particular, the emission of a photoelectron with subsequent dissociation of the remaining H+2 fragment shows no symmetry with respect to the ionic H+ and neutral H atomic fragments. This lack of symmetry results from the entanglement between symmetric and antisymmetric H+2 states that is caused by autoionization. The mechanisms behind this symmetry breaking are general for all molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Martín
- Departamento de Química, C-9, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Alnaser AS, Landers AL, Tanis JA. Electron correlation in the formation of hollow states along the Li-like isoelectronic sequence. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:023201. [PMID: 15698173 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.023201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2004] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Hollow-state (double K-shell vacancy) production in Li-like Be+, B2+, C3+, and F6+ ions colliding with He has been investigated using high-resolution Auger-electron spectroscopy. The formation of discrete states and their relative intensities show striking dependences on the nuclear charge Z of the ion. From the projectile velocity dependences of these states the contribution of the electron-electron interaction is determined, showing that the hollow states are formed largely by electron correlation with a strength that diminishes for increasing Z.
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Affiliation(s)
- A S Alnaser
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
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25
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Weber T, Czasch A, Jagutzki O, Müller A, Mergel V, Kheifets A, Feagin J, Rotenberg E, Meigs G, Prior MH, Daveau S, Landers AL, Cocke CL, Osipov T, Schmidt-Böcking H, Dörner R. Fully differential cross sections for photo-double-ionization of D2. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:163001. [PMID: 15169223 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.163001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We report the first kinematically complete study of the four-body fragmentation of the D2 molecule following absorption of a single photon. For equal energy sharing of the two electrons and a photon energy of 75.5 eV, we observed the relaxation of one of the selection rules valid for He photo-double-ionization and a strong dependence of the electron angular distribution on the orientation of the molecular axis. This effect is reproduced by a model in which a pair of photoionization amplitudes is introduced for the light polarization parallel and perpendicular to the molecular axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Th Weber
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, D 60486 Frankfurt, Germany
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Tanis JA, Landers AL, Pole DJ, Alnaser AS, Hossain S, Kirchner T. Evidence for Pauli exchange leading to excited-state enhancement in electron transfer. Phys Rev Lett 2004; 92:133201. [PMID: 15089606 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.92.133201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2003] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Single- and double-electron transfer to autoionizing 1s2l2l(') configurations in fluorine ions have been investigated for 1.1 MeV/u collisions of F7+ and F8+ with He and Ne. The resulting Auger electron emission spectra show anomolously large intensities for the formation of the metastable 1s(2s2p 3P) 4P state compared to the similarly configured 1s(2s2p 3P) 2P- and 1s(2s2p 1P) 2P+ states. The large 4P intensity, which cannot be explained on the basis of spin statistics, is attributed instead to the Pauli exchange of similarly aligned electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A Tanis
- Department of Physics, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49008, USA
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Knapp A, Kheifets A, Bray I, Weber T, Landers AL, Schössler S, Jahnke T, Nickles J, Kammer S, Jagutzki O, Schmidt LPH, Osipov T, Rösch J, Prior MH, Schmidt-Böcking H, Cocke CL, Dörner R. Mechanisms of photo double ionization of helium by 530 eV photons. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 89:033004. [PMID: 12144390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.89.033004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have measured fully differential cross sections for photo double ionization of helium 450 eV above the threshold. We have found an extremely asymmetric energy sharing between the photoelectrons and an angular asymmetry parameter beta approximately 2 and beta approximately 0 for the fast and slow electrons, respectively. The electron angular distributions show a dominance of the shakeoff for 2 eV electrons and clear evidence of an inelastic electron-electron scattering at an electron energy of 30 eV. The data are in excellent agreement with convergent close-coupling calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Knapp
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität Frankfurt, August-Euler-Strasse 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany
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Jahnke T, Weber T, Landers AL, Knapp A, Schössler S, Nickles J, Kammer S, Jagutzki O, Schmidt L, Czasch A, Osipov T, Arenholz E, Young AT, Díez Muiño R, Rolles D, García de Abajo FJ, Fadley CS, Van Hove MA, Semenov SK, Cherepkov NA, Rösch J, Prior MH, Schmidt-Böcking H, Cocke CL, Dörner R. Circular dichroism in K-shell ionization from fixed-in-space CO and N2 molecules. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:073002. [PMID: 11863892 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.073002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
We have measured the angular distributions of 1s photoelectrons excited by circularly and linearly polarized light from fixed-in-space CO and N2 molecules, in the vicinity of their shape resonances. A strong circular dichroism, i.e., a strong dependence on the sense of rotation of the polarization vector of the photons, is found for both molecules. State-of-the-art one-electron multiple scattering and partially correlated random phase approximation calculations are in good agreement with many, but not all, aspects of the experimental data.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Jahnke
- Institut für Kernphysik, University Frankfurt, August-Euler Strasse 6, D-60486 Frankfurt, Germany
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