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Verrier ER, Ligat G, Heydmann L, Doernbrack K, Miller J, Maglott-Roth A, Jühling F, El Saghire H, Heuschkel MJ, Fujiwara N, Hsieh SY, Hoshida Y, Root DE, Felli E, Pessaux P, Mukherji A, Mailly L, Schuster C, Brino L, Nassal M, Baumert TF. Cell-based cccDNA reporter assay combined with functional genomics identifies YBX1 as HBV cccDNA host factor and antiviral candidate target. Gut 2022; 72:gutjnl-2020-323665. [PMID: 36591611 PMCID: PMC10423543 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2020-323665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a leading cause of liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. A key feature of HBV replication is the synthesis of the covalently close circular (ccc)DNA, not targeted by current treatments and whose elimination would be crucial for viral cure. To date, little is known about cccDNA formation. One major challenge to address this urgent question is the absence of robust models for the study of cccDNA biology. DESIGN We established a cell-based HBV cccDNA reporter assay and performed a loss-of-function screen targeting 239 genes encoding the human DNA damage response machinery. RESULTS Overcoming the limitations of current models, the reporter assay enables to quantity cccDNA levels using a robust ELISA as a readout. A loss-of-function screen identified 27 candidate cccDNA host factors, including Y box binding protein 1 (YBX1), a DNA binding protein regulating transcription and translation. Validation studies in authentic infection models revealed a robust decrease in HBV cccDNA levels following silencing, providing proof-of-concept for the importance of YBX1 in the early steps of the HBV life cycle. In patients, YBX1 expression robustly correlates with both HBV load and liver disease progression. CONCLUSION Our cell-based reporter assay enables the discovery of HBV cccDNA host factors including YBX1 and is suitable for the characterisation of cccDNA-related host factors, antiviral targets and compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloi R Verrier
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gaëtan Ligat
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Heydmann
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Katharina Doernbrack
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Julija Miller
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | | | - Frank Jühling
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Houssein El Saghire
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Margaux J Heuschkel
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Sen-Yung Hsieh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Department of Internal Medicine, Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - David E Root
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Emanuele Felli
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Atish Mukherji
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Mailly
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laurent Brino
- IGBMC, Plateforme de Criblage Haut-débit, Illkirch, France
| | - Michael Nassal
- Department of Internal Medicine II/Molecular Biology, University Hospital Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques UMRS 1110, Strasbourg, France
- Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
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gv A, Choubey A, Nanda S, Mukherji A, Pradhan S, Kapoor A, Mishra A, S D, Devalla A. PO-1101 Early NGT insertion prevents weight loss & treatment breaks in post-op CTRT and QoL assessment. Radiother Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(22)03065-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Agarwal P, Pattanaik S, Epili D, Mukherji A, Pradhan S. PO-1874 Impact of Arc length on unilateral dose volume parameters and plan delivery: A Dosimetry study. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)08325-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jühling F, Hamdane N, Crouchet E, Li S, El Saghire H, Mukherji A, Fujiwara N, Oudot MA, Thumann C, Saviano A, Roca Suarez AA, Goto K, Masia R, Sojoodi M, Arora G, Aikata H, Ono A, Tabrizian P, Schwartz M, Polyak SJ, Davidson I, Schmidl C, Bock C, Schuster C, Chayama K, Pessaux P, Tanabe KK, Hoshida Y, Zeisel MB, Duong FHT, Fuchs BC, Baumert TF. Targeting clinical epigenetic reprogramming for chemoprevention of metabolic and viral hepatocellular carcinoma. Gut 2021; 70:157-169. [PMID: 32217639 PMCID: PMC7116473 DOI: 10.1136/gutjnl-2019-318918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fastest-growing cause of cancer-related mortality with chronic viral hepatitis and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) as major aetiologies. Treatment options for HCC are unsatisfactory and chemopreventive approaches are absent. Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) results in epigenetic alterations driving HCC risk and persisting following cure. Here, we aimed to investigate epigenetic modifications as targets for liver cancer chemoprevention. DESIGN Liver tissues from patients with NASH and CHC were analysed by ChIP-Seq (H3K27ac) and RNA-Seq. The liver disease-specific epigenetic and transcriptional reprogramming in patients was modelled in a liver cell culture system. Perturbation studies combined with a targeted small molecule screen followed by in vivo and ex vivo validation were used to identify chromatin modifiers and readers for HCC chemoprevention. RESULTS In patients, CHC and NASH share similar epigenetic and transcriptomic modifications driving cancer risk. Using a cell-based system modelling epigenetic modifications in patients, we identified chromatin readers as targets to revert liver gene transcription driving clinical HCC risk. Proof-of-concept studies in a NASH-HCC mouse model showed that the pharmacological inhibition of chromatin reader bromodomain 4 inhibited liver disease progression and hepatocarcinogenesis by restoring transcriptional reprogramming of the genes that were epigenetically altered in patients. CONCLUSION Our results unravel the functional relevance of metabolic and virus-induced epigenetic alterations for pathogenesis of HCC development and identify chromatin readers as targets for chemoprevention in patients with chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Jühling
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nourdine Hamdane
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Emilie Crouchet
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Shen Li
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Houssein El Saghire
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Atish Mukherji
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Marine A Oudot
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Christine Thumann
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Antonio Saviano
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kaku Goto
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gunisha Arora
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Hiroshi Aikata
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Ono
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA,Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Parissa Tabrizian
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Myron Schwartz
- Recanati/Miller Transplantation Institute, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Stephen J Polyak
- Department of Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA,Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Irwin Davidson
- Department of Functional Genomics and Cancer, Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS/INSERM/UDS, Illkirch, France
| | - Christian Schmidl
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria,Regensburg Centre for Interventional Immunology (RCI), Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Bock
- CeMM Research Center for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna, Austria,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Catherine Schuster
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Patrick Pessaux
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France
| | - Kenneth K Tanabe
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Harold C. Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France,Inserm U1052, CNRS UMR 5286, Centre Léon Bérard, Cancer Research Center of Lyon (CRCL), Université de Lyon (UCBL), Lyon, France
| | - François HT Duong
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France
| | - Bryan C Fuchs
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France .,Inserm, U1110, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Pôle Hépato-digestif, Nouvel Hôpital Civil, Strasbourg, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), Paris, France
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5
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Abstract
All living organisms including humans, experience changes in the light exposure generated by the Earth's rotation. In anticipation of this unavoidable geo-physical variability, and to generate an appropriate biochemical response, species of many phyla, including mammals have evolved a nearly 24-hour endogenous timing device known as the circadian clock (CC), which is self-sustained, cell autonomous and is present in every cell type. At the heart of the 'clock' functioning resides the CC-oscillator, an elegantly designed transcriptional-translational feedback system. Notably, the core components of the CC-oscillator not only drive daily rhythmicity of their own synthesis, but also generate circadian phase-specific variability in the expression levels of thousands of target genes through transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms. Thereby, this 'clock'-system provides proper chronological coordination in the functioning of cells, tissues and organs. The CC governs many physiologically critical functions. Among these functions, the key role of the CC in maintaining metabolic homeostasis deserves special emphasis. Indeed, the several features of the modern lifestyle (e.g. travel-induced jet lag, rotating shift work, energy-dense food) which, force disruption of circadian rhythms have recently emerged as a major driver to global health problems like obesity, cardiovascular disease and metabolic liver disease such as non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Here we review, the CC-dependent pathways in different tissues which play critical roles in mediating several critical metabolic functions under physiological conditions and discuss their impact for the development of metabolic disease with a focus on the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR_S 1110, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Mayssa Dachraoui
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR_S 1110, Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Université de Strasbourg, Inserm, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR_S 1110, Strasbourg, France; Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
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6
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Lupberger J, Croonenborghs T, Roca Suarez AA, Van Renne N, Jühling F, Oudot MA, Virzì A, Bandiera S, Jamey C, Meszaros G, Brumaru D, Mukherji A, Durand SC, Heydmann L, Verrier ER, El Saghire H, Hamdane N, Bartenschlager R, Fereshetian S, Ramberger E, Sinha R, Nabian M, Everaert C, Jovanovic M, Mertins P, Carr SA, Chayama K, Dali-Youcef N, Ricci R, Bardeesy NM, Fujiwara N, Gevaert O, Zeisel MB, Hoshida Y, Pochet N, Baumert TF. Combined Analysis of Metabolomes, Proteomes, and Transcriptomes of Hepatitis C Virus-Infected Cells and Liver to Identify Pathways Associated With Disease Development. Gastroenterology 2019; 157:537-551.e9. [PMID: 30978357 PMCID: PMC8318381 DOI: 10.1053/j.gastro.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS The mechanisms of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, liver disease progression, and hepatocarcinogenesis are only partially understood. We performed genomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses of HCV-infected cells and chimeric mice to learn more about these processes. METHODS Huh7.5.1dif (hepatocyte-like cells) were infected with culture-derived HCV and used in RNA sequencing, proteomic, metabolomic, and integrative genomic analyses. uPA/SCID (urokinase-type plasminogen activator/severe combined immunodeficiency) mice were injected with serum from HCV-infected patients; 8 weeks later, liver tissues were collected and analyzed by RNA sequencing and proteomics. Using differential expression, gene set enrichment analyses, and protein interaction mapping, we identified pathways that changed in response to HCV infection. We validated our findings in studies of liver tissues from 216 patients with HCV infection and early-stage cirrhosis and paired biopsy specimens from 99 patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, including 17 patients with histologic features of steatohepatitis. Cirrhotic liver tissues from patients with HCV infection were classified into 2 groups based on relative peroxisome function; outcomes assessed included Child-Pugh class, development of hepatocellular carcinoma, survival, and steatohepatitis. Hepatocellular carcinomas were classified according to steatohepatitis; the outcome was relative peroxisomal function. RESULTS We quantified 21,950 messenger RNAs (mRNAs) and 8297 proteins in HCV-infected cells. Upon HCV infection of hepatocyte-like cells and chimeric mice, we observed significant changes in levels of mRNAs and proteins involved in metabolism and hepatocarcinogenesis. HCV infection of hepatocyte-like cells significantly increased levels of the mRNAs, but not proteins, that regulate the innate immune response; we believe this was due to the inhibition of translation in these cells. HCV infection of hepatocyte-like cells increased glucose consumption and metabolism and the STAT3 signaling pathway and reduced peroxisome function. Peroxisomes mediate β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids; we found intracellular accumulation of very long-chain fatty acids in HCV-infected cells, which is also observed in patients with fatty liver disease. Cells in livers from HCV-infected mice had significant reductions in levels of the mRNAs and proteins associated with peroxisome function, indicating perturbation of peroxisomes. We found that defects in peroxisome function were associated with outcomes and features of HCV-associated cirrhosis, fatty liver disease, and hepatocellular carcinoma in patients. CONCLUSIONS We performed combined transcriptome, proteome, and metabolome analyses of liver tissues from HCV-infected hepatocyte-like cells and HCV-infected mice. We found that HCV infection increases glucose metabolism and the STAT3 signaling pathway and thereby reduces peroxisome function; alterations in the expression levels of peroxisome genes were associated with outcomes of patients with liver diseases. These findings provide insights into liver disease pathogenesis and might be used to identify new therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim Lupberger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Tom Croonenborghs
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Armando Andres Roca Suarez
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nicolaas Van Renne
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Frank Jühling
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Marine A Oudot
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Alessia Virzì
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Simonetta Bandiera
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Carole Jamey
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Pôle de biologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Gergö Meszaros
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | - Daniel Brumaru
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Pôle de biologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Atish Mukherji
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sarah C Durand
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Laura Heydmann
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Eloi R Verrier
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hussein El Saghire
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Nourdine Hamdane
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Ralf Bartenschlager
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Molecular Virology, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany; Division of Virus-Associated Carcinogenesis, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shaunt Fereshetian
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Evelyn Ramberger
- Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rileen Sinha
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mohsen Nabian
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Celine Everaert
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Marko Jovanovic
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Department of Biological Sciences, Columbia University, New York, New York
| | - Philipp Mertins
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Proteomics Platform, Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Steven A Carr
- The Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kazuaki Chayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Metabolism, Applied Life Sciences, Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan; Liver Research Project Center, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Nassim Dali-Youcef
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Laboratoire de Biochimie et de Biologie Moléculaire, Pôle de biologie, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | - Romeo Ricci
- Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Illkirch, France
| | | | - Naoto Fujiwara
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Olivier Gevaert
- Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Stanford Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine and Biomedical Data Science, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Mirjam B Zeisel
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- Liver Tumor Translational Research Program, Simmons Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Nathalie Pochet
- Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Cell Circuits Program, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
| | - Thomas F Baumert
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques, Université de Strasbourg (IVH), Strasbourg, France; Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France; Pôle Hépato-digestif, Institut Hopitalo-Universitaire, Strasbourg, France.
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Mukherji A, Bailey SM, Staels B, Baumert TF. The circadian clock and liver function in health and disease. J Hepatol 2019; 71:200-211. [PMID: 30930223 PMCID: PMC7613420 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhep.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Each day, all organisms are subjected to changes in light intensity because of the Earth's rotation around its own axis. To anticipate this geo-physical variability, and to appropriately respond biochemically, most species, including mammals, have evolved an approximate 24-hour endogenous timing mechanism known as the circadian clock (CC). The 'clock' is self-sustained, cell autonomous and present in every cell type. At the core of the clock resides the CC-oscillator, an exquisitely crafted transcriptional-translational feedback system. Remarkably, components of the CC-oscillator not only maintain daily rhythmicity of their own synthesis, but also generate temporal variability in the expression levels of numerous target genes through transcriptional, post-transcriptional and post-translational mechanisms, thus, ensuring proper chronological coordination in the functioning of cells, tissues and organs, including the liver. Indeed, a variety of physiologically critical hepatic functions and cellular processes are CC-controlled. Thus, it is not surprising that modern lifestyle factors (e.g. travel and jet lag, night and rotating shift work), which force 'circadian misalignment', have emerged as major contributors to global health problems including obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and steatohepatitis. Herein, we provide an overview of the CC-dependent pathways which play critical roles in mediating several hepatic functions under physiological conditions, and whose deregulation is implicated in chronic liver diseases including non-alcoholic steatohepatitis and alcohol-related liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR 1110, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Shannon M. Bailey
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, USA
| | - Bart Staels
- Université de Lille-European Genomic Institute for Diabetes, Institut Pasteur de Lille, CHU de Lille, INSERM UMR 1011, Lille, France
| | - Thomas F. Baumert
- Institut de Recherche sur les Maladies Virales et Hépatiques INSERM, UMR 1110, Université de Strasbourg Strasbourg, France,Pôle Hépato-Digestif, Institut Hospitalo-Universitaire, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
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Mathew J, Mukherji A, Saxena S, Vedasoundaram P, Menon A, Vijayaraghavan N. PO-135 Laryngeal Dose correlation with Voice changes in Head and Neck cancer patients treated by VMAT. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)30301-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Datta A, Mukherji A, Thiraviyam E. EP-1078: Transient xerostomia in head and neck cancers with significant parotid inclusion in target volume. Radiother Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(17)31514-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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Ganti KP, Mukherji A, Surjit M, Li M, Chambon P. Similarities and differences in the transcriptional control of expression of the mouse TSLP gene in skin epidermis and intestinal epithelium. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2017; 114:E951-E960. [PMID: 28115699 PMCID: PMC5307459 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1620697114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously reported that selective ablation of the nuclear receptors retinoid X receptor (RXR)-α and RXR-β in mouse epidermal keratinocytes (RXR-αβep-/-) or a topical application of active vitamin D3 (VD3) and/or all-trans retinoic acid (RA) on wild-type mouse skin induces a human atopic dermatitis-like phenotype that is triggered by an increased expression of the thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP) proinflammatory cytokine. We demonstrate here that in epidermal keratinocytes, unliganded heterodimers of vitamin D receptor (VDR)/RXR-α and retinoic acid receptor-γ (RAR-γ)/RXR-β are bound as repressing complexes to their cognate DNA-binding sequence(s) (DBS) in the TSLP promoter regulatory region. Treatments with either an agonistic VD3 analog or RA dissociate the repressing complexes and recruit coactivator complexes and RNA polymerase II, thereby inducing transcription. Furthermore, we identified several functional NF-κB, activator protein 1 (AP1), STAT, and Smad DBS in the TSLP promoter region. Interestingly, many of these transcription factors and DBS present in the TSLP promoter region are differentially used in intestinal epithelial cell(s) (IEC). Collectively, our study reveals that, in vivo within their heterodimers, the RXR and RAR isotypes are not functionally redundant, and it also unveils the combinatorial mechanisms involved in the tissue-selective regulation of TSLP transcription in epidermal keratinocytes and IEC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Priya Ganti
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964), Illkirch 67404, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Atish Mukherji
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964), Illkirch 67404, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Milan Surjit
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964), Illkirch 67404, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
- Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, National Capital Region Biotech Science Cluster, Faridabad-121001, India
| | - Mei Li
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964), Illkirch 67404, France
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964), Illkirch 67404, France;
- University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, F-67083 Strasbourg, France
- Collège de France, 75005 Paris, France
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Kannan P, Mukherji A, Saravanan K, Reddy KS, Vivekanandam S, Shamsudheen C, Santhosh V. Change in the Quality of Life in Oropharyngeal, Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal Cancer Patients treated with Volumetric Modulated Arc-Based Concomitant Boost Radiotherapy. Gulf J Oncolog 2016; 1:36-45. [PMID: 27250886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the change in the quality of life (QOL) in Oropharyngeal, Laryngeal and Hypopharyngeal cancer patients treated with concomitant boost radiotherapy by Volumetric Intensity Modulated Arc Therapy (VMAT) technique. METHODS Thirty patients with oropharynx, larynx or hypopharynx cancers of stage II to IVA were treated with an Accelerated fractionation schedule using Concomitant boost. The dose given was 1.8Gy/fraction daily, 5 days a week to the large field for 28 fractions and a daily concomitant boost of 1.5Gy/fraction to the boost field over the last 12 treatment days for a total dose of 68.4Gy/40 fractions/5½weeks by VMAT technique with concurrent chemotherapy (in stage III and IV patients) using Cisplatin 100mg/m2 IV three weekly during week 1 and week 4 of irradiation. QOL was assessed using the European Organization of Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Core Questionnaire, version 3.0 (EORTC QLQC30) and EORTC head and neck module (EORTC QLQ-HN35) before treatment, at the end of treatment, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months post treatment. The QOL scores and their evolution over the five measurements were calculated. RESULTS The change in the QOL scores was acceptable in general. There was a significant reduction in quality of life scores at the end of treatment. The QOL improved in the followup period; and by 3 months post irradiation, there was a return of QOL scores to the baseline value. CONCLUSION The QOL scores indicate that concomitant boost radiotherapy by VMAT is well tolerated and helps in rapid return to baseline quality of life scores. We believe that this is one of the first papers which have combined concomitant boost radiotherapy with VMAT technique in head and neck cancers. VMAT based concomitant boost radiotherapy helps in rapid return to baseline quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Kannan
- Department of Radiotherapy, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - A Mukherji
- Department of Radiotherapy, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - K Saravanan
- Department of Radiotherapy, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - K S Reddy
- Department of Oncology, Mahatma Gandhi Medical College and Research Centre, Puducherry, India
| | | | - C Shamsudheen
- Malabar Institute of Medical Sciences, Kozhikode, Kerala, India
| | - V Santhosh
- Kailash Cancer Hospital and Research Institute, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
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Thiraviyam E, Mukherji A, Vivekanandam S, Saxena S, Vijayprabhu N. 321P Effect on cochlear function sparing in head and neck cancer patients treated by concurrent cisplatin and volumetric modulated Arc therapy. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv527.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mukherji A, Kobiita A, Chambon P. Shifting the feeding of mice to the rest phase creates metabolic alterations, which, on their own, shift the peripheral circadian clocks by 12 hours. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:E6683-90. [PMID: 26627259 PMCID: PMC4672831 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1519735112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The molecular mechanisms underlying the events through which alterations in diurnal activities impinge on peripheral circadian clocks (PCCs), and reciprocally how the PCCs affect metabolism, thereby generating pathologies, are still poorly understood. Here, we deciphered how switching the diurnal feeding from the active to the rest phase, i.e., restricted feeding (RF), immediately creates a hypoinsulinemia during the active phase, which initiates a metabolic reprogramming by increasing FFA and glucagon levels. In turn, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) activation by free fatty acid (FFA), and cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) activation by glucagon, lead to further metabolic alterations during the circadian active phase, as well as to aberrant activation of expression of the PCC components nuclear receptor subfamily 1, group D, member 1 (Nr1d1/RevErbα), Period (Per1 and Per2). Moreover, hypoinsulinemia leads to an increase in glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β) activity that, through phosphorylation, stabilizes and increases the level of the RevErbα protein during the active phase. This increase then leads to an untimely repression of expression of the genes containing a RORE DNA binding sequence (DBS), including the Bmal1 gene, thereby initiating in RF mice a 12-h PCC shift to which the CREB-mediated activation of Per1, Per2 by glucagon modestly contributes. We also show that the reported corticosterone extraproduction during the RF active phase reflects an adrenal aberrant activation of CREB signaling, which selectively delays the activation of the PPARα-RevErbα axis in muscle and heart and accounts for the retarded shift of their PCCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964
| | - Ahmad Kobiita
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964
| | - Pierre Chambon
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, INSERM U964; University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Collège de France, Illkirch 67404, France
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Mukherji A, Rathi AK, Mohanta PK, Singh K. A single institution 18-years retrospective analysis of malignant melanoma. Gulf J Oncolog 2015; 1:58-64. [PMID: 25682454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/01/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Melanoma accounts for about 2% of all cancer-related mortality in western populations. Surgical excision of localized disease is curative in many patients with 80% overall 5-year survival rate. There are many indicators of prognosis of which tumor burden is predicted by primary site with nodal status being the next most important variable. Patients with advanced stage have very high risk of developing distant metastases and should receive systemic therapy. Despite treatment, majority of locally advanced patients develop metastatic disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS A retrospective analysis of cases of malignant melanoma registered over a period of eighteen years, from October 1990 to September 2007 was done. Patient profile, presentation, disease load, treatment protocols and response on or after treatment were analyzed. RESULTS The median age at diagnosis in men was 48 years and 50 years in women. At presentation, more than half of studied cases (56.5%) presented with nodal metastases at diagnosis while about three fourths (74%) had distant metastases (stage IV disease). More than half (56%) of the patients had superficial spreading type. The most common presenting complaints were swelling (70% of patients), ulcer (50% of patients) or pain (50%). Primary sites included extremities, central nervous system, abdomen, trunk, and bones. Liver, brain, abdomen and lungs were common metastatic sites. Surgical excision of primary lesion was done in about half of the cases. Four patients subsequently received palliative radiotherapy and two more received adjuvant radiotherapy. Another six patients received adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Among treated patients, 26% showed partial response and another 8% have stable disease while 65% patients progressed on or after initial treatment. CONCLUSION Malignant melanoma carries an overall poor prognosis especially in advanced stages. Multimodality therapy with surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy may provide local or nodal remission but cannot improve long term survival in advanced cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherji
- Dept of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, JIPMER, Puducherry, India
| | - A K Rathi
- Dept of Radiotherapy, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - P K Mohanta
- Dept of Radiotherapy, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
| | - K Singh
- Dept of Radiotherapy, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, New Delhi, India
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Mukherji A, Reddy KS, Vivekanandham S. Case report: recurrent olfactory neuroblastoma nasal cavity in young boy refractory to chemotherapy with remission after radiotherapy and sparing of left eye. Gulf J Oncolog 2014; 1:89-93. [PMID: 25316398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/23/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Olfactory neuroblastomas make up about 3-5% of malignant intra-nasal tumors and originate from the olfactory neuroepithelium lining the roof of the nasal vault. There exist no optimum treatment guidelines from randomized data due to paucity of patients. Treatment options range from minimal surgery to extensive cranio-facial resections and adjuvant radiotherapy. In this case a tumor engulfing optic nerve and globe was safely treated by 3D-CRT with complete remission and relative sparing of the eye as well as late toxicities were avoided. 3D-CRT permits increased dose to tumor sparing critical areas and is a feasible option in centres without IMRT.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherji
- Dr. Ashutosh Mukherji, Associate Professor, Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, JIPMER, Puducherry-605006, India. Phone number: 09489146747.
| | - K S Reddy
- Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, JIPMER, Puducherry-605006, India
| | - S Vivekanandham
- Department of Radiotherapy, Regional Cancer Centre, JIPMER, Puducherry-605006, India
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Mukherji A, Vivekanandham S, Reddy KS. Case of a locally advanced carcinoma cervix presenting with protrusio acetabuli: pre-screening era presentation rarely seen in modern times. Southern African Journal of Gynaecological Oncology 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/20742835.2014.11441227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
Hepatitis B virus X protein (HBx) is a putative viral oncoprotein that plays an important role in various cellular processes, including modulation of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt signalling pathway. However, the molecular mechanism of Akt activation remains elusive. Here we show that HBx interacts with Akt1 kinase and is phosphorylated at serine 31 as indicated by mutational analysis of the Akt recognition motif (creating the HBxS31A mutant) or immunoblotting of HBx immunoprecipitates using Akt motif-specific antibody. The Akt-dependent phosphorylation of HBx was abrogated in the presence of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor LY294002 or Akt1 gene silencing by specific siRNA. Co-immunoprecipitation studies provided evidence for HBx-Akt interaction in a cellular environment. This interaction was also confirmed in hepatoma HepG2.2.15 cells in which HBx was expressed at physiological levels from the integrated hepatitis B viral genome. The HBx-Akt interaction was essential for Akt signalling, and involved displacement of the Akt-bound negative regulator 'C-terminal modulator protein' by HBx. HBx-activated Akt phosphorylated its downstream target glycogen synthase kinase 3β, leading to stabilization of β-catenin, while p65 phosphorylation resulted in enhanced promoter recruitment and expression of target genes encoding cyclin D1 and Bcl-XL. Further, the oncogenic potential of HBx was significantly augmented in the presence of Akt in a soft agar colony formation assay. Together, these results suggest that oncogenic co-operation between HBx and Akt may be important for cell proliferation, abrogation of apoptosis and tumorigenic transformation of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ekta Khattar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Surjit M, Ganti KP, Mukherji A, Ye T, Hua G, Metzger D, Li M, Chambon P. Widespread negative response elements mediate direct repression by agonist-liganded glucocorticoid receptor. Cell 2011; 145:224-41. [PMID: 21496643 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2011.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 384] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 11/18/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The glucocorticoid (GC) receptor (GR), when liganded to GC, activates transcription through direct binding to simple (+)GRE DNA binding sequences (DBS). GC-induced direct repression via GR binding to complex "negative" GREs (nGREs) has been reported. However, GR-mediated transrepression was generally ascribed to indirect "tethered" interaction with other DNA-bound factors. We report that GC-induces direct transrepression via the binding of GR to simple DBS (IR nGREs) unrelated to (+)GRE. These DBS act on agonist-liganded GR, promoting the assembly of cis-acting GR-SMRT/NCoR repressing complexes. IR nGREs are present in over 1000 mouse/human ortholog genes, which are repressed by GC in vivo. Thus variations in the levels of a single ligand can coordinately turn genes on or off depending in their response element DBS, allowing an additional level of regulation in GR signaling. This mechanism suits GR signaling remarkably well, given that adrenal secretion of GC fluctuates in a circadian and stress-related fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Surjit
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, CNRS UMR7104, Inserm U964, Université de Strasbourg, Collège de France, Illkirch, 67404, France
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Sharma K, Rathi AK, Khurana N, Mukherji A, Kumar V, Singh K, Bahadur AK. A retrospective study of 18 cases of adenoid cystic cancer at a tertiary care centre in Delhi. Indian J Cancer 2011; 47:424-9. [PMID: 21131757 DOI: 10.4103/0019-509x.73571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is a rare neoplasm that usually arises from the salivary, lacrimal, or other exocrine glands. It is characteristically locally infiltrative in nature and has a tendency toward local recurrence, high propensity for perineural invasion, and prolonged clinical course. AIM To analyze the presentation and natural history of cases of adenoid cystic tumors of salivary glands in our institution; and to compare with the existing literature. DESIGN AND SETTING Retrospective study at the Department of Radiotherapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on 18 patients of ACC of the salivary glands treated between 2004 and 2008 were reviewed with respect to clinical presentation, stage, and histology. RESULTS There were 8 cases of major salivary gland tumors (47%), of which 2 were in the submandibular and 6 were involving the parotid. Ten patients (53%) had minor salivary gland involvement. Two patients had metastasis at the time of presentation. All patients underwent surgery. Radiotherapy was delivered to 16 patients and chemotherapy to 6 patients (concurrent, n = 3 and adjuvant, n = 3) and no adjuvant therapy was given to 2 patients. All patients were alive at a median follow-up of 3 years. No patient developed local or distant failure during the study duration. CONCLUSION ACC has locally aggressive behavior. Radiotherapy adjuvant to surgery improves local control in locally advanced disease. Longer follow-up is mandatory in view of incidence of late metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Department of Radiotherapy & Oncology, Maulana Azad Medical College and Lok Nayak Hospital, Bahadur Shah Zafar Marg, New Delhi, India.
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Abstract
NF-kappaB family members play a pivotal role in many cellular and organismal functions, including the cell cycle. As an activator of cyclin D1 and p21(Waf1) genes, NF-kappaB has been regarded as a critical modulator of cell cycle. To study the involvement of NF-kappaB in G(1)/S phase regulation, the levels of selected transcriptional regulators were monitored following overexpression of NF-kappaB or its physiological induction by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Cyclin E gene was identified as a major transcriptional target of NF-kappaB. Recruitment of NF-kappaB to the cyclin E promoter was correlated with the transrepression of cyclin E gene. Ligation-mediated PCR and micrococcal nuclease-Southern assays suggested the nucleosomal nature of this region while chromatin immunoprecipitation analysis confirmed the exchange of cofactors following tumor necrosis factor-alpha treatment or release from serum starvation. There was a progressive reduction in cyclin E transcription along with the accumulation of catalytically inactive cyclin E-cdk2 complexes and arrest of cells in G(1)/S-phase. Thus, our study clearly establishes NF-kappaB as a negative regulator of cell cycle through transcriptional repression of cyclin E.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhao C Janbandhu
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Mukherji A, Janbandhu VC, Kumar V. HBx protein modulates PI3K/Akt pathway to overcome genotoxic stress-induced destabilization of cyclin D1 and arrest of cell cycle. Indian J Biochem Biophys 2009; 46:37-44. [PMID: 19374252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Growth arrest represents an innate barrier to carcinogenesis. DNA damage and replicational stress are known to induce growth arrest and apoptotic death to avert genomic instability and consequently carcinogenesis. In this study, working on the genotoxic stress induced by hydroxyurea and methylmethanesulfone, we observed a growth arrest at G1/S-phase that was mediated by destabilization of cyclin D1. The growth arrest was independent of the stability of cdc25A and preceded transcriptional up-regulation of p21(waf1). Cyclin D1 destabilization involved its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta at threonine-286, since overexpression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK-3beta or cyclin D1T(286A) Inutant conferred stability to cyclin D1. Further, overexpression of cyclin D1(T286A) also helped in bypassing G1/S phase growth arrest. We also observed a rapid inactivation of Akt/PKB kinase in the presence of hydroxyurea. Enforced expression of the constitutively active Akt or viral oncoprotein HBx (Hepatitis B virus X protein) was sufficient to overcome growth arrest, independent of ATR signaling and stabilized cyclin D1. Thus, the present work not only establishes cyclin D1 to be a novel mediator of genotoxic stress signaling, but also explains how a deregulated mitogenic signaling or a viral oncoprotein can help bypass growth arrest.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherji
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Kumar V, Mukherji A, Janbandhu V. Abstract B78: The X protein of hepatitis B virus induces PI3K/Akt pathway to overcome gentoxic stress-related cyclin D1 degradation and growth arrest. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2008. [DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.prev-08-b78] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
B78
Growth arrest represents an innate barrier to carcinogenesis. DNA damage and replicational stress are known to induce growth arrest and apoptotic death to avert genomic instability and consequently carcinogenesis. Working on the genotoxic stress induced by hydroxyurea and methylmethanesulfone, we observed a growth arrest at G1/S-phase that was mediated by destabilization of cyclin D1. The growth arrest was independent of the stability of cdc25A and preceded transcriptional up-regulation of p21waf1. Cyclin D1 destabilization involved its phosphorylation by GSK-3beta at threonine-286 since overexpression of the kinase-dead mutant of GSK-3beta or cyclin D1T286A mutant conferred stability to cyclin D1. Further, overexpression of cyclin D1T286A also helped in bypassing G1/S phase growth arrest. We also observed a rapid inactivation of Akt/PKB kinase in the presence of hydroxyurea. Enforced expression of the constitutively active Akt or viral oncoprotein HBx was sufficient to overcome growth arrest independent of ATR signaling and stabilized cyclin D1. Thus, the present work not only establishes cyclin D1 to be a novel mediator of genetoxic stress signaling but also explains how a deregulated mitogenic signaling or a viral oncoprotein can help bypass growth arrest.
Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):B78.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Atish Mukherji
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
| | - Vaibhao Janbandhu
- International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, New Delhi, India
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Mukherji A, Janbandhu VC, Kumar V. GSK-3beta-dependent destabilization of cyclin D1 mediates replicational stress-induced arrest of cell cycle. FEBS Lett 2008; 582:1111-6. [PMID: 18328826 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2008.02.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2007] [Revised: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are well known to induce growth arrest of cancerous cells by inducing DNA damage/replicational stress and engaging cellular apoptotic machinery. Our studies on hydroxyurea (HU) recognized cyclin D1 destabilization as the initiator of growth arrest at G(1)/S-phase independent of other cell cycle regulators. Cyclin D1 degradation was associated with its phosphorylation at Thr286 by glycogen synthase kinase-3beta and inactivation of Akt kinase. Overexpression of the cyclin D1(T286A) mutant, or constitutively active Akt, conferred stability to cyclin D1 and helped bypass cell cycle arrest. Thus, growth arrest by HU seems to involve destabilization of cyclin D1 in addition to its well-established role as ribonucleotide reductase inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Mukherji A, Janbandhu V, Kumar V. HBx-dependent cell cycle deregulation involves interaction with cyclin E/A-cdk2 complex and destabilization of p27Kip1. Biochem J 2007; 401:247-56. [PMID: 16939421 PMCID: PMC1698683 DOI: 10.1042/bj20061091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The HBx (X protein of hepatitis B virus) is a promiscuous transactivator implicated to play a key role in hepatocellular carcinoma. However, HBx-regulated molecular events leading to deregulation of cell cycle or establishment of a permissive environment for hepatocarcinogenesis are not fully understood. Our cell culture-based studies suggested that HBx had a profound effect on cell cycle progression even in the absence of serum. HBx presence led to an early and sustained level of cyclin-cdk2 complex during the cell cycle combined with increased protein kinase activity of cdk2 heralding an early proliferative signal. The increased cdk2 activity also led to an early proteasomal degradation of p27(Kip1) that could be reversed by HBx-specific RNA interference and blocked by a chemical inhibitor of cdk2 or the T187A mutant of p27. Further, our co-immunoprecipitation and in vitro binding studies with recombinant proteins suggested a direct interaction between HBx and the cyclin E/A-cdk2 complex. Interference with different signalling cascades known to be activated by HBx suggested a constitutive requirement of Src kinases for the association of HBx with these complexes. Notably, the HBx mutant that did not interact with cyclin E/A failed to destabilize p27(Kip1) or deregulate the cell cycle. Thus HBx appears to deregulate the cell cycle by interacting with the key cell cycle regulators independent of its well-established role in transactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atish Mukherji
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Vaibhao C. Janbandhu
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi-110067, India
- To whom correspondence should be addressed (email )
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Misra KP, Mukherji A, Kumar V. The conserved amino-terminal region (amino acids 1–20) of the hepatitis B virus X protein shows a transrepression function. Virus Res 2004; 105:157-65. [PMID: 15351489 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2004.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2004] [Revised: 05/28/2004] [Accepted: 05/28/2004] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The X protein of hepatitis B virus or HBx is a multifunctional regulatory protein that carries the fame of a promiscuous transactivator. Although, the N-terminal 'A' region of HBx (amino acids 1-20) is the most conserved region among mammalian hepadnavirus genomes, it has been found to be dispensable for transactivation function [Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 93, 1996, 5647]. To elucidate its biological role, DNA sequence corresponding to the A region of X gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction and cloned as a 72 base pair HBx mutant X17. In order to augment the intracellular biochemical stability of the expressed protein, the monomeric X17 was multimerized and 2-10 units long tandem repeats of the A region (X17-n) were cloned in a mammalian expression vector. Expression of the X17 constructs was confirmed by in vitro transcription and translation, as well as by RT-PCR after transfection in hepatoma cells. The function of X17 was investigated using the chloramphenicol acetyl transferase reporter constructs of viral (RSV-LTR, HIV1-LTR and HBx) and cellular gene promoters (c-Jun and epidermal growth receptor). Not only did the X17 multimers inhibit the HBx-mediated transactivation of all the reporter genes, but also their basal activities. The inhibition was dependent on the amount of X17 plasmid transfected in cells as well as on the number of repeat units present in the X17 expression vectors. Further, the X17-related inhibition of transactivation was not a cytotoxic effect. Thus, our data suggests that the N-terminal 'A' domain of HBx has a negative regulatory function.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Artificial Gene Fusion
- CHO Cells
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/genetics
- Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase/metabolism
- Cloning, Molecular
- Cricetinae
- Gene Expression
- Gene Expression Regulation, Viral
- Genes, Reporter
- Genes, Viral
- Hepatitis B virus/chemistry
- Hepatitis B virus/genetics
- Hepatitis B virus/physiology
- Humans
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Protein Structure, Tertiary
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- RNA, Viral/analysis
- RNA, Viral/isolation & purification
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Repressor Proteins/genetics
- Repressor Proteins/physiology
- Tandem Repeat Sequences
- Trans-Activators/chemistry
- Trans-Activators/genetics
- Trans-Activators/physiology
- Viral Regulatory and Accessory Proteins
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamana Parashar Misra
- Virology Group, International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, P.O. Box 10504, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110067, India
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Mukherji A, Schroeder S, Deyling C, Procop GW. An unusual source of Vibrio alginolyticus-associated otitis: prolonged colonization or freshwater exposure? Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2000; 126:790-1. [PMID: 10864119 DOI: 10.1001/archotol.126.6.790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Otitis externa and otitis media are commonly encountered in clinical practice. We report an unusual case of otitis externa, which was caused by Vibrio alginolyticus, several months after saltwater exposure. Clinicians need to be aware of this unusual pathogen, especially in refractory cases of ear infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mukherji
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Ohio, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Nelson
- Mayo Clinic, Mayo Foundation, Carlson School of Management, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Swarup-Mitra S, Bhattacharya J, Mukherji A. Effect of malaria on erythrocytic reduced glutathione and activity of related enzymes. Indian J Med Res 1982; 76:668-73. [PMID: 6762344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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Mukherji A, Sanyal V. Conversion of Vibrio cholerae and water vibrios into biotype el tor. Indian J Med Sci 1972; 26:226-9. [PMID: 4637288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Dhar DC, Mukherji A. Effect of long-term administration of 4,4'-diamino diphenyl sulphone (DDS) in white rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1971; 9:388-90. [PMID: 5144342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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34
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Mukherji A, Sarkar AK. Ankylostoma duodenale and ultraviolet irradiation. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57:1611-5. [PMID: 5369785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
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Mukherjee PK, Sengupta S, Mukherji A. Self‐Consistent Calculation of Dynamic Polarizability and Excited p‐State Wavefunctions of Two‐Electron Atom and Ions. J Chem Phys 1969. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1672187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Dhar DC, Mukherji A. Anaemia in subacute toxicity with DDS in white rats. Indian J Med Res 1969; 57:1028-31. [PMID: 5823166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
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Mukherji A, Mukherji V. Effect of ultraviolet irradiation on the mineral uptake and osmotic barrier of certain bacteria. Indian J Med Res 1968; 56:788-93. [PMID: 4971383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
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Katiyar JC, Mukherji A, Sen AB. Immunogenic effect of ultraviolet treated larvae of Nippostrongylus brasiliensis in rats. Indian J Exp Biol 1968; 6:35-7. [PMID: 5666034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Mukherji A, Mukherji V. Effect of nutrients on the antigenic structure of Vibrio cholerae. Indian J Med Res 1966; 54:803-11. [PMID: 5976561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
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44
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Mukherji A. Successive determination of thorium and the rare earths with triethylenetetraminehexaacetic acid. Talanta 1966; 13:1183-5. [DOI: 10.1016/0039-9140(66)80167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/1965] [Accepted: 02/02/1966] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Mukherji A, Sircar AK. Experimental human leprosy in the footpad of mice. LEPROSY REV 1966; 37:39-40. [PMID: 5325398 DOI: 10.5935/0305-7518.19660008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Mukherjea AK, Mukherji A, Sen AK. Leptospiral antibodies in random human population in Calcutta. Bull Calcutta Sch Trop Med 1966; 14:7-8. [PMID: 5961045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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50
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Mukherji A. Toxin Production and Virulence of Inaba and Ogawa Vibrios. The Journal of Immunology 1959. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.82.5.381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Summary
Rabbits receiving the same number of Vibrio cholerae organisms intravenously showed a mortality of 65.5% when injected with the Ogawa subtype, and 15% on injection with the Inaba subtype. With lower doses of Ogawa than of Inaba vibrios, 50% mortality in mice was obtained. Shredding of the intestinal mucosa of the guinea pig was more marked after the application of Ogawa than of Inaba filtrates. Tryptophane enhanced the production of toxic filtrates. Cholera filtrates prepared from 16-hr-old cultures had a higher toxicity than those from growth incubated for 10 days. The toxic component in cholera filtrates can be preserved for months at -10°C.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Mukherji
- Central Drug Research Institute From the , Lucknow, U. P., India
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