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Fan L, Liu J, Ju B, Lou D, Tian Y. A deep learning based holistic diagnosis system for immunohistochemistry interpretation and molecular subtyping. Neoplasia 2024; 50:100976. [PMID: 38412576 PMCID: PMC10904904 DOI: 10.1016/j.neo.2024.100976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Breast cancer in different molecular subtypes, which is determined by the overexpression rates of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), and Ki67, exhibit distinct symptom characteristics and sensitivity to different treatment. The immunohistochemical method, one of the most common detecting tools for tumour markers, is heavily relied on artificial judgment and in clinical practice, with an inherent limitation in interpreting stability and operating efficiency. Here, a holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system has been developed for tumour-markeromic analysis, combining the automatic interpretation and clinical suggestion. METHODS The holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system included two main modules. The interpreting modules were constructed based on convolutional neural network, for comprehensively extracting and analyzing the multi-features of immunostaining. Referring to the clinical classification criteria, the interpreting results were encoded in a low-dimensional feature representation in the subtyping module, to efficiently output a holistic detecting result of the critical tumour-markeromic with diagnosis suggestions on molecular subtypes. RESULTS The overexpression rates of HER2, ER, PR, and Ki67, as well as an effective determination of molecular subtypes were successfully obtained by this diagnosis system, with an average sensitivity of 97.6 % and an average specificity of 96.1 %, among those, the sensitivity and specificity for interpreting HER2 were up to 99.8 % and 96.9 %. CONCLUSION The holistic intelligent breast tumour diagnosis system shows improved performance in the interpretation of immunohistochemical images over pathologist-level, which can be expected to overcome the limitations of conventional manual interpretation in efficiency, precision, and repeatability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Fan
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering & Collaborative Innovation Center of Suzhou Nano Science and Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, PR China; Medical School of Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, PR China.
| | - Jiahe Liu
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Baoyang Ju
- School of Integrated Circuit Science and Engineering (Industry-Education Integration School), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing 210023, PR China
| | - Doudou Lou
- Nanjing Institute for Food and Drug Control, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211198, PR China
| | - Yushen Tian
- School of Electrical Engineering, Shenyang University of Technology, Shenyang, Liaoning 110870, PR China.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Interleukin 18 (IL-18) is a regulatory cytokine that degrades the disc matrix. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) stimulates synthesis of the disc extracellular matrix. However, the combined effects of BMP-2 and IL-18 on human intervertebral disc degeneration have not previously been reported. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the anabolic cytokine BMP-2 and the catabolic cytokine IL-18 on human nucleus pulposus (NP) and annulus fibrosus (AF) cells and, therefore, to identify potential therapeutic and clinical benefits of recombinant human (rh)BMP-2 in intervertebral disc degeneration. METHODS Levels of IL-18 were measured in the blood of patients with intervertebral disc degenerative disease and in control patients. Human NP and AF cells were cultured in a NP cell medium and treated with IL-18 or IL-18 plus BMP-2. mRNA levels of target genes were measured by real-time polymerase chain reaction, and protein levels of aggrecan, type II collagen, SOX6, and matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) were assessed by western blot analysis. RESULTS The serum level of patients (IL-18) increased significantly with the grade of IVD degeneration. There was a dramatic alteration in IL-18 level between the advanced degeneration (Grade III to V) group and the normal group (p = 0.008) Furthermore, IL-18 induced upregulation of the catabolic regulator MMP13 and downregulation of the anabolic regulators aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX6 at 24 hours, contributing to degradation of disc matrix enzymes. However, BMP-2 antagonised the IL-18 induced upregulation of aggrecan, type II collagen, and SOX6, resulting in reversal of IL-18 mediated disc degeneration. CONCLUSIONS BMP-2 is anti-catabolic in human NP and AF cells, and its effects are partially mediated through provocation of the catabolic effect of IL-18. These findings indicate that BMP-2 may be a unique therapeutic option for prevention and reversal of disc degeneration.Cite this article: S. Ye, B. Ju, H. Wang, K-B. Lee. Bone morphogenetic protein-2 provokes interleukin-18-induced human intervertebral disc degeneration. Bone Joint Res 2016;5:412-418. DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.59.BJR-2016-0032.R1.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ye
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research, Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - B Ju
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research, Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - H Wang
- Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research, Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
| | - K-B Lee
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research, Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Eden CJ, Ju B, Murugesan M, Phoenix TN, Nimmervoll B, Tong Y, Ellison DW, Finkelstein D, Wright K, Boulos N, Dapper J, Thiruvenkatam R, Lessman CA, Taylor MR, Gilbertson RJ. Orthotopic models of pediatric brain tumors in zebrafish. Oncogene 2015; 34:1736-42. [PMID: 24747973 PMCID: PMC4205223 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 03/10/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
High-throughput screens (HTS) of compound toxicity against cancer cells can identify thousands of potential new drug-leads. But only limited numbers of these compounds can progress to expensive and labor-intensive efficacy studies in mice, creating a 'bottle neck' in the drug development pipeline. Approaches that triage drug-leads for further study are greatly needed. Here we provide an intermediary platform between HTS and mice by adapting mouse models of pediatric brain tumors to grow as orthotopic xenografts in the brains of zebrafish. Freshly isolated mouse ependymoma, glioma and choroid plexus carcinoma cells expressing red fluorescence protein were conditioned to grow at 34 °C. Conditioned tumor cells were then transplanted orthotopically into the brains of zebrafish acclimatized to ambient temperatures of 34 °C. Live in vivo fluorescence imaging identified robust, quantifiable and reproducible brain tumor growth as well as spinal metastasis in zebrafish. All tumor xenografts in zebrafish retained the histological characteristics of the corresponding parent mouse tumor and efficiently recruited fish endothelial cells to form a tumor vasculature. Finally, by treating zebrafish harboring ERBB2-driven gliomas with an appropriate cytotoxic chemotherapy (5-fluorouracil) or tyrosine kinase inhibitor (erlotinib), we show that these models can effectively assess drug efficacy. Our data demonstrate, for the first time, that mouse brain tumors can grow orthotopically in fish and serve as a platform to study drug efficacy. As large cohorts of brain tumor-bearing zebrafish can be generated rapidly and inexpensively, these models may serve as a powerful tool to triage drug-leads from HTS for formal efficacy testing in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Eden
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - B Ju
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M Murugesan
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - T N Phoenix
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - B Nimmervoll
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Y Tong
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D W Ellison
- Department of Pathology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - D Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - K Wright
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - N Boulos
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - J Dapper
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R Thiruvenkatam
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - C A Lessman
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - M R Taylor
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - R J Gilbertson
- Department of Developmental Neurobiology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
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Geller T, Prakash V, Batanian J, Guzman M, Duncavage E, Gershon T, Crowther A, Wu J, Liu H, Fang F, Davis I, Tripolitsioti D, Ma M, Kumar K, Grahlert J, Egli K, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Baumgartner M, Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI, Giannikou K, Millionis V, Papadodima SA, Settas N, Sfakianos G, Stefanaki K, Kattamis A, Spiliopoulou CA, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Kanavakis E, Gholamin S, Mitra S, Feroze A, Zhang M, Esparza R, Kahn S, Richard C, Achrol A, Volkmer A, Liu J, Volkmer J, Majeti R, Weissman I, Cheshier S, Bhatia K, Brown N, Teague J, Lo P, Challis J, Beshay V, Sullivan M, Mechinaud F, Hansford J, Arifin MZ, Dahlan RH, Sobana M, Saputra P, Tisell MT, Danielsson A, Caren H, Bhardwaj R, Chakravadhanula M, Hampton C, Ozals V, Georges J, Decker W, Kodibagkar V, Nguyen A, Legrain M, Gaub MP, Pencreach E, Chenard MP, Guenot D, Entz-Werle N, Kanemura Y, Ichimura K, Shofuda T, Nishikawa R, Yamasaki M, Shibui S, Arai H, Xia J, Brian A, Prins R, Pennell C, Moertel C, Olin M, Bie L, Zhang X, Liu H, Olsson M, Kling T, Nelander S, Biassoni V, Bongarzone I, Verderio P, Massimino M, Magni R, Pizzamiglio S, Ciniselli C, Taverna E, De Bortoli M, Luchini A, Liotta L, Barzano E, Spreafico F, Visse E, Sanden E, Darabi A, Siesjo P, Jackson S, Cohen K, Lin D, Burger P, Rodriguez F, Yao X, Liucheng R, Qin L, Na T, Meilin W, Zhengdong Z, Yongjun F, Pfeifer S, Nister M, de Stahl TD, Basmaci E, Orphanidou-Vlachou E, Brundler MA, Sun Y, Davies N, Wilson M, Pan X, Arvanitis T, Grundy R, Peet A, Eden C, Ju B, Phoenix T, Nimmervoll B, Tong Y, Ellison D, Lessman C, Taylor M, Gilbertson R, Folgiero V, del Bufalo F, Carai A, Cefalo MG, Citti A, Rutella S, Locatelli F, Mastronuzzi A, Maher O, Khatua S, Zaky W, Lourdusamy A, Meijer L, Layfield R, Grundy R, Jones DTW, Capper D, Sill M, Hovestadt V, Schweizer L, Lichter P, Zagzag D, Karajannis MA, Aldape KD, Korshunov A, von Deimling A, Pfister S, Chakrabarty A, Feltbower R, Sheridon E, Hassan H, Shires M, Picton S, Hatziagapiou K, Braoudaki M, Lambrou GI, Tsorteki F, Tzortzatou-Stathopoulou F, Bethanis K, Gemou-Engesaeth V, Chi SN, Bandopadhayay P, Janeway K, Pinches N, Malkin H, Kieran MW, Manley PE, Green A, Goumnerova L, Ramkissoon S, Harris MH, Ligon KL, Kahlert U, Suarez M, Maciaczyk J, Bar E, Eberhart C, Kenchappa R, Krishnan N, Forsyth P, McKenzie B, Pisklakova A, McFadden G, Kenchappa R, Forsyth P, Pan W, Rodriguez L, Glod J, Levy JM, Thompson J, Griesinger A, Amani V, Donson A, Birks D, Morgan M, Handler M, Foreman N, Thorburn A, Lulla RR, Laskowski J, Fangusaro J, DiPatri AJ, Alden T, Tomita T, Vanin EF, Goldman S, Soares MB, Remke M, Ramaswamy V, Wang X, Jorgensen F, Morrissy AS, Marra M, Packer R, Bouffet E, Pfister S, Jabado N, Taylor M, Cole B, Rudzinski E, Anderson M, Bloom K, Lee A, Leary S, Leprivier G, Remke M, Rotblat B, Agnihotri S, Kool M, Derry B, Pfister S, Taylor MD, Sorensen PH, Dobson T, Busschers E, Taylor H, Hatcher R, Fangusaro J, Lulla R, Goldman S, Rajaram V, Das C, Gopalakrishnan V. TUMOUR BIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2014; 16:i137-i145. [PMCID: PMC4046298 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
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Kim JH, Song HB, Kim DH, Park KD, Kim JH, Kim JH, Lee BJ, Kim DH, Kim JH, Khatua S, Kalkan E, Brown R, Pearlman M, Vats T, Abela L, Fiaschetti G, Shalaby T, Grunder E, Ma M, Grahlert J, Baumgartner M, Siler U, Nonoguchi N, Ohgaki H, Grotzer M, Adachi JI, Suzuki T, Fukuoka K, Yanagisawa T, Mishima K, Koga T, Matsutani M, Nishikawa R, Sardi I, Giunti L, Bresci C, Cardellicchio S, Da Ros M, Buccoliero AM, Farina S, Arico M, Genitori L, Massimino M, Filippi L, Erdreich-Epstein A, Zhou H, Ren X, Schur M, Davidson TB, Ji L, Sposto R, Asgharzadeh S, Tong Y, White E, Murugesan M, Nimmervoll B, Wang M, Marino D, Ellison D, Finkelstein D, Pounds S, Malkin D, Gilbertson R, Eden C, Ju B, Murugesan M, Phoenix T, Poppleton H, Lessman C, Taylor M, Gilbertson R, Sardi I, la Marca G, Cardellicchio S, Da Ros M, Malvagia S, Giunti L, Fratoni V, Farina S, Arico M, Genitori L, Massimino M, Giovannini MG, Giangaspero F, Badiali M, Gleize V, Paris S, Moi L, Elhouadani S, Arcella A, Morace R, Antonelli M, Buttarelli F, Mokhtari K, Sanson M, Smith S, Ward J, Wilson M, Rahman C, Rose F, Peet A, Macarthur D, Grundy R, Rahman R, Venkatraman S, Birks D, Balakrishnan I, Alimova I, Harris P, Patel P, Foreman N, Vibhakar R, Wu H, Zhou Q, Wang D, Wang G, Dang D, Pencreach E, Nguyen A, Guerin E, Lasthaus C, Guenot D, Entz-Werle N, Unland R, Schlosser S, Farwick N, Plagemann T, Richter G, Juergens H, Fruehwald M, Chien CL, Lee YH, Lin CI, Hsieh JY, Lin SC, Wong TT, Ho DMT, Wang HW, Lagah S, Tan IL, Malcolm S, Grundy R, Rahman R, Majani Y, Smith S, Grundy R, Rahman R, van Vuurden DG, Aronica E, Wedekind LE, Hulleman E, Biesmans D, Bugiani M, Vandertop WP, Kaspers GJL, Wurdinger T, Noske DP, Van der Stoop PM, van Vuurden DG, Shukla S, Wedekind LE, Kuipers GK, Hulleman E, Noske DP, Wurdinger T, Vandertop WP, Slotman BJ, Kaspers GJL, Cloos J, Sun T, Warrington N, Luo J, Ganzhorn S, Tabori U, Druley T, Gutmann D, Rubin J, Castelo-Branco P, Choufani S, Mack S, Galagher D, Zhang C, Lipman T, Zhukova N, Martin D, Merino D, Wasserman J, Samuel C, Alon N, Hitzler J, Wang JCY, Malkin D, Keller G, Dirks PB, Pfister S, Taylor MD, Weksberg R, Tabori U, Leblond P, Meignan S, Dewitte A, Le Tinier F, Wattez N, Lartigau E, Lansiaux A, Hanson R, Gordon I, Zhao S, Camphausen K, Warren K, Warrington NM, Sun T, Gutmann DH, Rubin JB, Nguyen A, Lasthaus C, Jaillet M, Pencreach E, Guerin E, Guenot D, Entz-Werle N, Kovacs Z, Martin-Fiori E, Shalaby T, Grotzer M, Bernasconi M, Werner B, Dyberg C, Baryawno N, Milosevic J, Wickstrom M, Northcott PA, Taylor MD, Kool M, Kogner P, Johnsen JI, Wilson M, Reynolds G, Davies N, Arvanitis T, Peet A, Zoghbi A, Meisterernst M, Fruehwald MC, Kerl K, Orr B, Haffner M, Nelson W, Yegnasubramanian S, Eberhart C, Fotovati A, Abu-Ali S, Wang PS, Deleyrolle L, Lee C, Triscott J, Chen J, Franciosi S, Nakamura Y, Sugita Y, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Leavitt B, Singh S, Jury A, Jones C, Wakimoto H, Reynolds B, Pallen C, Dunn S, Fletcher S, Levine J, Li M, Kagawa N, Hirayama R, Chiba Y, Kijima N, Arita H, Kinoshita M, Hashimoto N, Izumoto S, Maruno M, Yoshimine T. BIOLOGY. Neuro Oncol 2012; 14:i7-i15. [PMCID: PMC3483341 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023] Open
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Abstract
The coupling of the GFP reporter system with the optical clarity of embryogenesis in model fish such as zebrafish and medaka is beginning to change the picture of transgenic fish study. Since the advent of first GFP transgenic fish in 1995, GFP transgenic fish technology have been quickly employed in many areas such as analyses of gene expression patterns and tissue/organ development, dissection of promoters/enhancers, cell lineage and axonal pathfinding, cellular localization of protein products, chimeric embryo and nuclear transplantation, cell sorting, etc. The GFP transgenic fish also have the potentials in analysis of upstream regulatory factors, mutagenesis screening and characterization, and promoter/enhancer trap. Our own studies indicate that GFP transgenic fish may become a new source of novel variety of ornamental fish. Efforts are also being made in our laboratory to turn GFP transgenic fish into biomonitoring organisms for surveillance of environmental pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Dasen JS, Martinez Barbera JP, Herman TS, Connell SO, Olson L, Ju B, Tollkuhn J, Baek SH, Rose DW, Rosenfeld MG. Temporal regulation of a paired-like homeodomain repressor/TLE corepressor complex and a related activator is required for pituitary organogenesis. Genes Dev 2001; 15:3193-207. [PMID: 11731482 PMCID: PMC312840 DOI: 10.1101/gad.932601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the functional significance of the coordinate expression of specific corepressors and DNA-binding transcription factors remains a critical question in mammalian development. During the development of the pituitary gland, two highly related paired-like homeodomain factors, a repressor, Hesx1/Rpx and an activator, Prop-1, are expressed in sequential, overlapping temporal patterns. Here we show that while the repressive actions of Hesx1/Rpx may be required for initial pituitary organ commitment, progression beyond the appearance of the first pituitary (POMC) lineage requires both loss of Hesx1 expression and the actions of Prop-1. Although Hesx1 recruits both the Groucho-related corepressor TLE1 and the N-CoR/Sin3/HDAC complex on distinct domains, the repressor functions of Hesx1 in vivo prove to require the specific recruitment of TLE1, which exhibits a spatial and temporal pattern of coexpression during pituitary organogenesis. Furthermore, Hesx1-mediated repression coordinates a negative feedback loop with FGF8/FGF10 signaling in the ventral diencephalon, required to prevent induction of multiple pituitary glands from oral ectoderm. Our data suggest that the opposing actions of two structurally-related DNA-binding paired-like homeodomain transcription factors, binding to similar cognate elements, coordinate pituitary organogenesis by reciprocally repressing and activating target genes in a temporally specific fashion, on the basis of the actions of a critical, coexpressed TLE corepressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- J S Dasen
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, School and Department of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Wakamatsu Y, Ju B, Pristyaznhyuk I, Niwa K, Ladygina T, Kinoshita M, Araki K, Ozato K. Fertile and diploid nuclear transplants derived from embryonic cells of a small laboratory fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:1071-6. [PMID: 11158596 PMCID: PMC14710 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.98.3.1071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fertile and diploid nuclear transplants were successfully generated by using embryonic cells as donors in a small laboratory fish, medaka (Oryzias latipes). Embryonic cell nuclei from transgenic fish carrying the green fluorescent protein (GFP) gene were transplanted into unfertilized eggs enucleated by x-ray irradiation. In this study, 1 out of 588 eggs transplanted in the first experiment and 5 out of 298 eggs transplanted in the second experiment reached the adult stage. All of these nuclear transplants were fertile and diploid, and the natural and GFP markers of the donor nuclei were transmitted to the F(1) and F(2) offspring in a Mendelian fashion. This systematic study proves the feasibility of generating nuclear transplants by using embryonic cells from fish as donors, and it is supported by convincing evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wakamatsu
- Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Stocks, Bioscience Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan.
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Guo W, Wang H, Zhao W, Zhu J, Ju B, Wang X. Effect of all-trans retinoic acid and arsenic trioxide on tissue factor expression in acute promyelocytic leukemia cells. Chin Med J (Engl) 2001; 114:30-4. [PMID: 11779431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the effect of all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) and arsenic troxide (As2O3) on tissue factor (TF) expression and procoagulant activity (PCA) of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells in vivo and in vitro. METHODS PCA from freshly isolated APL blasts from APL patients treated with ATRA or As2O3 was detected using a one-stage clotting assay. TF antigen was detected by ELISA and TF mRNA by RT-PCR. The maturation sensitive (NB4) or resistant subclones (NB4-R1) of the promyelocytic NB4 cell line, as well as U937 cells infected with pMSCV-PML-RARa treated with or without ATRA or As2O3, were also examined. RESULTS Both ATRA and As2O3 can down-regulate the TF antigen, its mRNA transcription and membrane PCA of APL cells in vivo and in vitro, in a time-dependent manner. The TF antigen level in PML-RARa + U937 cells was significantly higher than that in U937 cells infected with retrovirus vector. Both ATRA and As2O3 can also down-regulate the TF antigen in U937 cells transfected with or without PML-RARa. CONCLUSION Tissue factor expression and PCA in APL cells may be down-regulated by ATRA and As2O3. By down-regulating TF expression, As2O3 might also be used to improve the DIC-related hemorrhage in APL. Our data indicate that elevated TF antigen in PML-RARa + U937 may be related to the fusion protein PML-RARa. The down-regulating effect of ATRA and As2O3 on TF expression in U937 cells might not involve this fusion protein.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Arsenic Trioxide
- Arsenicals/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic/drug effects
- Humans
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/metabolism
- Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasm Proteins/physiology
- Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/physiology
- Oxides/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/analysis
- Thromboplastin/genetics
- Tretinoin/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- W Guo
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Second Medical University, Shanghai 200025, China
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Ju B, Xu Y, He J, Liao J, Yan T, Hew CL, Lam TJ, Gong Z. Faithful expression of green fluorescent protein (GFP) in transgenic zebrafish embryos under control of zebrafish gene promoters. Dev Genet 1999; 25:158-67. [PMID: 10440850 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1520-6408(1999)25:2<158::aid-dvg10>3.0.co;2-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Although the zebrafish has become a popular model organism for vertebrate developmental and genetic analyses, its use in transgenic studies still suffers from the scarcity of homologous gene promoters. In the present study, three different zebrafish cDNA clones were isolated and sequenced completely, and their expression patterns were characterized by whole-mount in situ hybridization as well as by Northern blot hybridization. The first clone encodes a type II cytokeratin (CK), which is specifically expressed in skin epithelia in early embryos and prominently expressed in the adult skin tissue. The second clone is muscle specific and encodes a muscle creatine kinase (MCK). The third clone, expressed ubiquitously in all tissues, is derived from an acidic ribosomal phosphoprotein P0 (arp) gene. In order to test the fidelity of zebrafish embryos in transgenic expression, the promoters of the three genes were isolated using a rapid linker-mediated PCR approach and subsequently ligated to a modified green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene. When the three hybrid GFP constructs were introduced into zebrafish embryos by microinjection, the three promoters were activated faithfully in developing zebrafish embryos. The 2.2-kb ck promoter was sufficient to direct GFP expression in skin epithelia, although a weak expression in muscle was also observed in a few embryos. This pattern of transgenic expression is consistent with the expression pattern of the endogenous cytokeratin gene. The 1.5-kb mck promoter/gfp was expressed exclusively in skeletal muscles and not elsewhere. By contrast, the 0.8-kb ubiquitous promoter plus the first intron of the arp gene were capable of expressing GFP in a variety of tissues, including the skin, muscle, lens, neurons, notochord, and circulating blood cells. Our experiments, therefore, further demonstrated that zebrafish embryos can faithfully express exogenously introduced genes under the control of zebrafish promoters.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Ju
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Zhu J, Guo WM, Yao YY, Zhao WL, Pan L, Cai X, Ju B, Sun GL, Wang HL, Chen SJ, Chen GQ, Caen J, Chen Z, Wang ZY. Tissue factors on acute promyelocytic leukemia and endothelial cells are differently regulated by retinoic acid, arsenic trioxide and chemotherapeutic agents. Leukemia 1999; 13:1062-70. [PMID: 10400422 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2401448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aberrant expression of tissue factor (TF) in acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) cells has been implicated in the pathogenesis of the APL coagulopathy. In this study, we found that in APL patients receiving ATRA or As2O3 treatment, the improvement in hypercoagulobility and hyperfibrinolysis paralleled the correction of plasma fibrinogen level and amelioration of bleeding symptoms. Notably, clinical improvement was also correlated to ATRA/As2O3-induced rapid decrease of membrane procoagulant activity (PCA) and TF contents of APL blasts. Consistent with the in vivo findings, the membrane PCA, TF antigen and its mRNA level within NB4 cells were rapidly down-regulated by 1 microM ATRA or As2O3, while 0.2 microg/ml DNR increased these TF parameters prior to its effect upon apoptosis induction. The down-regulation of TF mRNA by ATRA was partially de novo protein synthesis-dependent and at least partially attributed to a mechanism of destabilizing TF mRNA. On the other hand, in addition to its modulation on mRNA, As2O3 could also induce an accelerated TF protein turnover. These distinct effects were corroborated with the properties of these agents in causing the degradation of PML-RARalpha protein. All three therapeutic agents, however, enhanced the potential of NB4 cells to stimulate the expression of TF and PCA in endothelium. Taken together, our data suggest that the rapid and distinct regulation of TF on APL cells by these therapeutic agents might at least partially contribute to their effects on APL coagulopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zhu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Rui-Jin Hospital, PR China
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