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Kunst RF, Bolt I, van Dasselaar RD, Nijmeijer BA, Beuers U, Oude Elferink RP, van de Graaf SF. Combined inhibition of bile salt synthesis and intestinal uptake reduces cholestatic liver damage and colonic bile salts in mice. JHEP Rep 2024; 6:100917. [PMID: 38074508 PMCID: PMC10701132 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Intestine-restricted inhibitors of the apical sodium-dependent bile acid transporter (ASBT, or ileal bile acid transporter) are approved as treatment for several inheritable forms of cholestasis but are also associated with abdominal complaints and diarrhoea. Furthermore, blocking ASBT as a single therapeutic approach may be less effective in moderate to severe cholestasis. We hypothesised that interventions that lower hepatic bile salt synthesis in addition to intestinal bile salt uptake inhibition provide added therapeutic benefit in the treatment of cholestatic disorders. Here, we test combination therapies of intestinal ASBT inhibition together with obeticholic acid (OCA), cilofexor, and the non-tumorigenic fibroblast growth factor 15 (Fgf15)/fibroblast growth factor 19 (FGF19) analogue aldafermin in a mouse model of cholestasis. METHODS Wild-type male C57Bl6J/OlaHsd mice were fed a 0.05% 3,5-diethoxycarbonyl-1,4-dihydrocollidine (DDC) diet and received daily oral gavage with 10 mg/kg OCA, 30 mg/kg cilofexor, 10 mg/kg ASBT inhibitor (Linerixibat; ASBTi), or a combination. Alternatively, wild-type male C57Bl6J/OlaHsd mice were injected with adeno-associated virus vector serotype 8 (AAV8) to express aldafermin, to repress bile salt synthesis, or to control AAV8. During a 3-week 0.05% DDC diet, mice received daily oral gavage with 10 mg/kg ASBTi or placebo control. RESULTS Combination therapy of OCA, cilofexor, or aldafermin with ASBTi effectively reduced faecal bile salt excretion. Compared with ASBTi monotherapy, aldafermin + ASBTi further lowered plasma bile salt levels. Cilofexor + ASBTi and aldafermin + ASBTi treatment reduced plasma alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and fibrotic liver immunohistochemistry stainings. The reduction in inflammation and fibrogenesis in mice treated with cilofexor + ASBTi or aldafermin + ASBTi was confirmed by gene expression analysis. CONCLUSIONS Combining pharmacological intestinal bile salt uptake inhibition with repression of bile salt synthesis may form an effective treatment strategy to reduce liver injury while dampening the ASBTi-induced colonic bile salt load. IMPACT AND IMPLICATIONS Combined treatment of intestinal ASBT inhibition with repression of bile salt synthesis by farnesoid X receptor agonism (using either obeticholic acid or cilofexor) or by expression of aldafermin ameliorates liver damage in cholestatic mice. In addition, compared with ASBT inhibitor monotherapy, combination treatments lower colonic bile salt load.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni F. Kunst
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle Bolt
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ulrich Beuers
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald P.J. Oude Elferink
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stan F.J. van de Graaf
- Tytgat Institute for Liver and Intestinal Research, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Loeff FC, van Egmond HME, Nijmeijer BA, Falkenburg JHF, Halkes CJ, Jedema I. Complement-dependent cytotoxicity induced by therapeutic antibodies in B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia is dictated by target antigen expression levels and augmented by loss of membrane-bound complement inhibitors. Leuk Lymphoma 2017; 58:1-14. [DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2017.1281411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Floris C. Loeff
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart A. Nijmeijer
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Inge Jedema
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Nijmeijer BA, Petry H, Sonnemans MA, Beattie SG, Salmon LSF, Preusting H, Van Oorschot A, Twisk J. Safe and efficacious delivery of the human clotting factor IX gene to non human primates using a recombinant AAV vector produced in a fully-scalable GMP-compliant production system. Toxicol Lett 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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4
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Stevanović S, Nijmeijer BA, van Schie ML, Salvatori DC, Maas S, Griffioen M, Falkenburg JF. Donor T Cells Administered Over HLA Class II Barriers Mediate Antitumor Immunity without Broad Off-Target Toxicity in a NOD/Scid Mouse Model of Acute Leukemia. Biol Blood Marrow Transplant 2013; 19:867-75. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbmt.2013.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/06/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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5
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Stevanović S, Griffioen M, Nijmeijer BA, van Schie MLJ, Stumpf AN, Rutten CE, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Human allo-reactive CD4+ T cells as strong mediators of anti-tumor immunity in NOD/scid mice engrafted with human acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leukemia 2011; 26:312-22. [DOI: 10.1038/leu.2011.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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6
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Nijmeijer BA, Szuhai K, Goselink HM, van Schie MLJ, van der Burg M, de Jong D, Marijt EW, Ottmann OG, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Long-term culture of primary human lymphoblastic leukemia cells in the absence of serum or hematopoietic growth factors. Exp Hematol 2009; 37:376-85. [PMID: 19135770 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2008.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2008] [Revised: 09/24/2008] [Accepted: 11/05/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE B-lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic myeloid leukemia in lymphatic blastic phase in adults have poor prognoses despite intensive chemotherapy. Novel targeted treatment modalities emerge, but their evaluation requires relevant in vitro models of lymphoblastic leukemia. Presently available cell lines do not fully represent this heterogeneous disease. Available in vitro culturing protocols do not support long-term proliferation of primary cells. We therefore aimed to develop a culture system that allows long-term proliferation of primary human B-lineage lymphoblastic leukemia. MATERIALS AND METHODS Primary lymphoblastic leukemia cells were cultured in a defined serum-free medium, in the absence or presence of human hematopoietic growth factors or serum. RESULTS In the defined serum-free medium, cells from 12 of 34 cases immediately proliferated in vitro. In the absence of hematopoietic growth factors and serum these cases proliferated for more than 1 year without signs of exhaustion. The culturing system supported different subtypes of lymphoblastic leukemia. Two chronic myeloid leukemia in lymphatic blastic phase, four bcr/abl-positive ALL, one etv6/abl-positive ALL, 2 e2a-pbx1-positive ALL, and one t(9;11)-positive ALL could be long-term expanded, as well as two ALL that displayed nontypical cytogenetics. Not all bcr/abl- or e2a-pbx1-positive ALL proliferated in vitro, demonstrating heterogeneity within these subtypes. The proliferating bcr/abl- and etv6/abl-positive cells displayed sensitivity to imatinib, demonstrating that their proliferation depended on the activity of these oncoproteins. CONCLUSION The serum-free culturing system may be a valuable instrument in the study of ALL cell biology, as well as in the evaluation of novel targeted therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A Nijmeijer
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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7
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Baeumler J, Szuhai K, Falkenburg JF, van Schie ML, Ottmann OG, Nijmeijer BA. Establishment and cytogenetic characterization of a human acute lymphoblastic leukemia cell line (ALL-VG) with ETV6/ABL1 rearrangement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 185:37-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergencyto.2008.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Revised: 04/25/2008] [Accepted: 05/02/2008] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Schimmel KJM, Nijmeijer BA, van Schie MLJ, Falkenburg JHF, Guchelaar HJ. Limited antitumor-effect associated with toxicity of the experimental cytotoxic drug cyclopentenyl cytosine in NOD/scid mice with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Leuk Res 2007; 31:1545-51. [PMID: 17459472 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2007.03.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2006] [Revised: 03/13/2007] [Accepted: 03/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The experimental cytotoxic drug cyclopentenyl cytosine (CPEC) is a non-competitive inhibitor of the enzyme cytidine triphosphate (CTP) synthethase. We evaluated the in vitro and in vivo antitumor activity of CPEC on human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cell lines. CPEC displayed anti-leukemic activity with IC50 (after 3 days of incubation) ranging from 6 to 15 nM. Subsequently the in vivo activity of CPEC against primary human ALL was evaluated in a xenogeneic model of human ALL using NOD/scid mice inoculated with primary human ALL cells. In the model, only a marginal anti-leukemic activity was observed at 1.5 mg kg(-1) (5 days per week) and 5 mg kg(-1) (2 days per week), however, this activity was associated with severe systemic toxicity. The observed toxicity was not specific for the NOD/scid model, as toxicity at comparable treatment intensity was also observed in Balb/c mice. In conclusion, although CPEC showed antitumor activity against human ALL cells in vitro, its activity in the in vivo human leukemia model was only marginal and accompanied by severe toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten J M Schimmel
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Toxicology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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9
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Jedema I, Meij P, Steeneveld E, Hoogendoorn M, Nijmeijer BA, van de Meent M, van Luxemburg-Heijs SAP, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Early detection and rapid isolation of leukemia-reactive donor T cells for adoptive transfer using the IFN-gamma secretion assay. Clin Cancer Res 2007; 13:636-43. [PMID: 17255287 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-06-2093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The poor immunogenicity of most leukemias and the lack of specificity of the donor T cells limit the in vivo effectiveness of conventional donor lymphocyte infusions in many patients suffering from persistent or recurrent leukemia after allogeneic stem cell transplantation. These limitations may be overcome by the adoptive transfer of in vitro generated leukemia-reactive T cells. Although the potential clinical efficacy of this approach has been shown previously, lack of reproducibility of the procedure and the inability to show persistence and survival of the transferred T cells hampered further clinical application. The purpose of this study was to develop a new, broadly applicable strategy for the efficient generation and isolation of leukemia-reactive T cells with a better probability to survive and expand in vivo. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN Myeloid and B-cell leukemias were modified into professional immunogenic antigen-presenting cells, and used to stimulate HLA-matched donor T cells. After two stimulations, responding donor T cells were isolated based on their secretion of IFN-gamma and tested for their capacity to recognize and kill the primary leukemia. RESULTS Using one universal stimulation and isolation protocol for various forms of leukemia, T-cell populations containing high frequencies of leukemia-reactive T cells could reproducibly be generated and early isolated under mild stimulatory conditions. Isolated T cells still had high proliferative potential and their reactivity seemed to be restricted to cells of the patient's hematopoiesis. CONCLUSION We here show a new robust procedure for the generation and isolation of leukemia-reactive T cells for adoptive transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inge Jedema
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, the Netherlands.
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10
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de Vries JF, Wammes LJ, Jedema I, van Dreunen L, Nijmeijer BA, Heemskerk MHM, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF, Barge RMY. Involvement of caspase-8 in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of patient derived leukemia cell lines independent of the death receptor pathway and downstream from mitochondria. Apoptosis 2007; 12:181-93. [PMID: 17136321 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-006-0526-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Resistance of leukemic cells to chemotherapy frequently occurs in patients with acute leukemia, which may be caused by alterations in common apoptotic pathways. Controversy exists whether cytostatic agents induce the mitochondrial or death receptor pathway of apoptosis. In the mitochondrial pathway cytochrome C release and caspase-9 activation play a central role in the induction of apoptosis, while formation of a Death Inducing Signaling Complex (DISC) and caspase-8 activation have been reported to be essential in death receptor-induced apoptosis. Here, we show in human derived myeloid and lymphoblastic leukemia cell lines that caspase-8 plays a more important role than previously expected in apoptosis mediated via the mitochondrial pathway. We demonstrated in these malignant cells chemotherapy-induced apoptosis independent of the death receptor pathway, since blocking this pathway using a retroviral construct encoding Flice inhibitory protein (FLIP) did not inhibit drug-induced apoptosis or caspase-8 activation, while overexpression of Bcl-2 completely inhibited both events. Furthermore, we showed that activation of caspase-8 by cytostatic agents occurred downstream from mitochondria. Since caspase-8 plays a central role in both death receptor- and chemotherapy-induced apoptosis of malignant cells from patients with acute leukemia, therapeutic strategies focusing at modulation and activation of caspase-8 may be successful in the treatment of drug-resistant malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F de Vries
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, P.O. Box 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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11
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Hambach L, Nijmeijer BA, Drabbels JJM, Falkenburg JHF, Goulmy E. Chromosomal aberrations in leukaemia cells may delete tumour target antigens of stem cell-based immunotherapy. Leukemia 2006; 20:1298-300. [PMID: 16628185 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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12
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Hambach L, Nijmeijer BA, Aghai Z, Schie MLJV, Wauben MHM, Falkenburg JHF, Goulmy E. Human cytotoxic T lymphocytes specific for a single minor histocompatibility antigen HA-1 are effective against human lymphoblastic leukaemia in NOD/scid mice. Leukemia 2006; 20:371-4. [PMID: 16357839 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2404056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Nijmeijer BA, van Schie MLJ, Verzaal P, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Responses to donor lymphocyte infusion for acute lymphoblastic leukemia may be determined by both qualitative and quantitative limitations of antileukemic T-cell responses as observed in an animal model for human leukemia. Exp Hematol 2005; 33:1172-81. [PMID: 16219539 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2005.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/28/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Donor lymphocyte infusion (DLI) after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is largely unsuccessful in the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). To allow identification of the causes of this failure, we established an animal model of DLI in human ALL. METHODS NOD/scid mice were inoculated with primary human ALL cells. Cells from five different patients were studied. After engraftment, DLI was performed by infusion of human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-identical donor T cells or HLA-disparate donor T cells. RESULTS DLI resulted in expansion of activated, leukemia-reactive T cells in all donor-patient combinations. After 40 days of expansion, T cells abruptly declined in numbers and displayed loss of cytotoxicity. At this moment, remissions were observed in three of five donor-patient combinations. In animals engrafted with the two unresponsive ALL, remissions could be achieved when HLA-disparate DLI was given. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that the inefficacy of DLI in ALL may be due to the limitation of the proliferative capacity of ALL-reactive T cells and that the antileukemic efficacy during the limited time span of proliferation depends on the antigenic disparity between the donor and the patient. The model can be used to study whether alternative strategies may result in more sustained antileukemic responses after DLI in ALL.
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Jedema I, Barge RMY, van der Velden VHJ, Nijmeijer BA, van Dongen JJM, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Internalization and cell cycle-dependent killing of leukemic cells by Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin: rationale for efficacy in CD33-negative malignancies with endocytic capacity. Leukemia 2004; 18:316-25. [PMID: 14614514 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Multicenter phase II trials with Gemtuzumab Ozogamicin (GO/Mylotarg), consisting of a CD33 antibody linked to the cytotoxic drug calicheamicin, have shown a 30% overall response rate in relapsed acute myeloid leukemia patients. However, no clear correlation was observed between CD33 expression on leukemic blasts and response to GO therapy. We analyzed the CD33 specificity of GO-induced cell death and the effect of GO on CD33-negative malignancies. We demonstrate that lysis induced by clinically relevant GO concentrations is partially CD33 mediated, and that efficient non-CD33-mediated GO uptake can occur via endocytosis. In agreement with these results, we observed GO-mediated death of human CD33-negative acute lymphoblastic leukemia cells both in vitro and in vivo in an NOD/SCID mouse model. Finally, sensitivity to GO-induced cell death was at least partially determined by the activation status of leukemic cells, with cells in activated phases of the cell cycle being most effective in both CD33-specific GO internalization, renewed expression of CD33 molecules, and non-CD33-mediated GO uptake via endocytosis. In conclusion, these data provide mechanistic insight into the efficacy of GO in CD33-positive as well as in CD33-negative malignancies with endocytic capacity, and provide a rationale for the use of GO in the treatment of malignancies with endocytic capacity.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Aminoglycosides/administration & dosage
- Aminoglycosides/pharmacokinetics
- Aminoglycosides/pharmacology
- Aminoglycosides/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacokinetics
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/pharmacology
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/therapeutic use
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antigens, CD/physiology
- Antigens, Differentiation, Myelomonocytic/physiology
- Cell Cycle
- Cell Death/drug effects
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endocytosis
- Female
- Gemtuzumab
- HL-60 Cells
- Humans
- Leukemia/immunology
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/immunology
- Leukemia, Myeloid/pathology
- Lymphocyte Activation/drug effects
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Mutagens/pharmacology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/immunology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Retrospective Studies
- Sialic Acid Binding Ig-like Lectin 3
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Affiliation(s)
- I Jedema
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, The Netherlands.
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15
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Jedema I, Barge RMY, Nijmeijer BA, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. Recruitment of leukemic cells from G0 phase of the cell cycle by interferons results in conversion of resistance to daunorubicin. Leukemia 2003; 17:2049-51. [PMID: 14513057 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2403085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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16
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Nijmeijer BA, Willemze R, Falkenburg JHF. An animal model for human cellular immunotherapy: specific eradication of human acute lymphoblastic leukemia by cytotoxic T lymphocytes in NOD/scid mice. Blood 2002; 100:654-60. [PMID: 12091361 DOI: 10.1182/blood.v100.2.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive immunotherapy using in vitro-generated donor-derived cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) can be effective in the treatment of relapsed leukemia after allogeneic transplantation. To determine effector cell characteristics that result in optimal in vivo antileukemic efficacy, we developed an animal model for human CTL therapy. Nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency (NOD/scid) mice were inoculated with either of 2 primary human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), denoted as SK and OF. Anti-SK and anti-OF CTLs were generated in vitro by repeated stimulation of donor peripheral blood mononuclear cells with either SK or OF cells. Both CTL lines displayed HLA-restricted reactivity against the original targets and non-major histocompatibility class (MHC)-restricted cross-reactivity in vitro. The CTLs were administered intravenously weekly for 3 consecutive weeks to mice engrafted with either SK or OF leukemia. In 3 of 8 SK-engrafted and anti-SK-treated mice, complete remissions were achieved in blood, spleen, and bone marrow. In the remaining 5 animals partial remissions were observed. In 4 of 4 OF-engrafted anti-OF-treated mice partial remissions were observed. The antileukemic effect of specific CTLs was exerted immediately after administration and correlated with the degree of HLA disparity of the donor-patient combination. In cross-combination-treated animals, no effect on leukemic progression was observed indicating that in vivo antileukemic reactivity is mediated by MHC-restricted effector cells. The CTLs, however, displayed an impaired in vivo proliferative capacity. Ex vivo analysis showed decreased reactivity as compared to the moment of infusion. We therefore conclude that the model can be used to explore the requirements for optimal in vivo efficacy of in vitro- generated CTLs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bart A Nijmeijer
- Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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17
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Nijmeijer BA, Mollevanger P, van Zelderen-Bhola SL, Kluin-Nelemans HC, Willemze R, Falkenburg JH. Monitoring of engraftment and progression of acute lymphoblastic leukemia in individual NOD/SCID mice. Exp Hematol 2001; 29:322-9. [PMID: 11274760 DOI: 10.1016/s0301-472x(00)00669-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to develop an animal model for human acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in which the kinetics and characteristics of leukemia can be sequentially monitored in individual mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS NOD/SCID mice were inoculated intravenously with primary ALL. Progression of leukemia was monitored throughout the development of disease by determination of absolute leukemic cell counts (LCC) in peripheral blood. RESULTS LCC as low as 10(4) leukemic cells/mL blood could be detected. ALL cells from 5 of 5 patients engrafted, and after identification of the first leukemic cells in peripheral blood, LCC increased exponentially. Leukemic cells showed specificity of homing to spleen and bone marrow, and LCC strongly correlated with the level of leukemic engraftment in these organs throughout disease progression, demonstrating that LCC are representative for overall leukemic burden. Cytogenetic analysis of leukemic cells recovered after six successive in vivo transfers revealed no major karyotypic changes as compared to primary cells, and selection of the dominant clones was observed. This selection process was reflected by an increase in the rate of leukemic progression as compared to the first inoculation, demonstrating the accuracy with which kinetics of leukemic progression can be studied by determination of LCC. CONCLUSIONS This model is suitable for detailed studies of kinetics and characteristics of ALL in vivo, and it may be useful for monitoring effects of novel therapeutic regimens.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Animals
- Blast Crisis/pathology
- Chromosomes, Human/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human/ultrastructure
- Disease Progression
- Female
- Graft Survival
- Humans
- Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/pathology
- Leukemic Infiltration
- Lymphoid Tissue/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, SCID
- Models, Animal
- Neoplasm Transplantation
- Precursor B-Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Precursor Cell Lymphoblastic Leukemia-Lymphoma/pathology
- Translocation, Genetic
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Nijmeijer
- Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Department of Hematology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Nijmeijer BA, Steenvoorden DP, Beijersbergen van Henegouwen GM, Roza L, Vink AA. The mechanism of N-acetylcysteine photoprotection is not related to dipyrimidine photoproducts. J Photochem Photobiol B 1998; 44:225-30. [PMID: 9800381 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(98)00148-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Topical application of N-acetylcysteine prior to UVB irradiation of BALB/c mice has previously been shown to inhibit systemic suppression of the contact hypersensitivity response. Formation of cis-urocanic acid, however, is not affected. Besides urocanic acid, UV-induced DNA damage has been held responsible for the initiation of suppression of the contact hypersensitivity response. Therefore, the possible inhibitory effect of N-acetylcysteine on UVB-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers and pyrimidine (6-4) pyrimidone photoproducts has been investigated. No effect on the photoproducts studied is observed, suggesting that N-acetylcysteine exerts its photoprotective effect during the post-initiation phase of photoimmunosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- B A Nijmeijer
- Department of Medicinal Photochemistry, Leiden/Amsterdam Center for Drug Research, Netherlands
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