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McKenna G, Janssens B, Srinivasan M, Brocklehurst P, Tsakos G. Who is caring for the oral health of dependent institutionalised elderly during the COVID‐19 pandemic? Gerodontology 2020; 37:315-316. [DOI: 10.1111/ger.12504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- G. McKenna
- Centre for Public Health Queens University Belfast Belfast UK
| | - B. Janssens
- Department of Oral Health Sciences Ghent University Ghent Belgium
| | - M. Srinivasan
- Centre of Dental Medicine University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland
| | | | - G. Tsakos
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health University College London London UK
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Hossain MS, Commons RJ, Douglas NM, Thriemer K, Alemayehu BH, Amaratunga C, Anvikar AR, Ashley EA, Asih PBS, Carrara VI, Lon C, D’Alessandro U, Davis TME, Dondorp AM, Edstein MD, Fairhurst RM, Ferreira MU, Hwang J, Janssens B, Karunajeewa H, Kiechel JR, Ladeia-Andrade S, Laman M, Mayxay M, McGready R, Moore BR, Mueller I, Newton PN, Thuy-Nhien NT, Noedl H, Nosten F, Phyo AP, Poespoprodjo JR, Saunders DL, Smithuis F, Spring MD, Stepniewska K, Suon S, Suputtamongkol Y, Syafruddin D, Tran HT, Valecha N, Van Herp M, Van Vugt M, White NJ, Guerin PJ, Simpson JA, Price RN. The risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia after P. falciparum malaria: An individual patient data meta-analysis from the WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network. PLoS Med 2020; 17:e1003393. [PMID: 33211712 PMCID: PMC7676739 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a high risk of Plasmodium vivax parasitaemia following treatment of falciparum malaria. Our study aimed to quantify this risk and the associated determinants using an individual patient data meta-analysis in order to identify populations in which a policy of universal radical cure, combining artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) with a hypnozoitocidal antimalarial drug, would be beneficial. METHODS AND FINDINGS A systematic review of Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews identified efficacy studies of uncomplicated falciparum malaria treated with ACT that were undertaken in regions coendemic for P. vivax between 1 January 1960 and 5 January 2018. Data from eligible studies were pooled using standardised methodology. The risk of P. vivax parasitaemia at days 42 and 63 and associated risk factors were investigated by multivariable Cox regression analyses. Study quality was assessed using a tool developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute. The study was registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO: CRD42018097400). In total, 42 studies enrolling 15,341 patients were included in the analysis, including 30 randomised controlled trials and 12 cohort studies. Overall, 14,146 (92.2%) patients had P. falciparum monoinfection and 1,195 (7.8%) mixed infection with P. falciparum and P. vivax. The median age was 17.0 years (interquartile range [IQR] = 9.0-29.0 years; range = 0-80 years), with 1,584 (10.3%) patients younger than 5 years. 2,711 (17.7%) patients were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL, 13 studies), 651 (4.2%) with artesunate-amodiaquine (AA, 6 studies), 7,340 (47.8%) with artesunate-mefloquine (AM, 25 studies), and 4,639 (30.2%) with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP, 16 studies). 14,537 patients (94.8%) were enrolled from the Asia-Pacific region, 684 (4.5%) from the Americas, and 120 (0.8%) from Africa. At day 42, the cumulative risk of vivax parasitaemia following treatment of P. falciparum was 31.1% (95% CI 28.9-33.4) after AL, 14.1% (95% CI 10.8-18.3) after AA, 7.4% (95% CI 6.7-8.1) after AM, and 4.5% (95% CI 3.9-5.3) after DP. By day 63, the risks had risen to 39.9% (95% CI 36.6-43.3), 42.4% (95% CI 34.7-51.2), 22.8% (95% CI 21.2-24.4), and 12.8% (95% CI 11.4-14.5), respectively. In multivariable analyses, the highest rate of P. vivax parasitaemia over 42 days of follow-up was in patients residing in areas of short relapse periodicity (adjusted hazard ratio [AHR] = 6.2, 95% CI 2.0-19.5; p = 0.002); patients treated with AL (AHR = 6.2, 95% CI 4.6-8.5; p < 0.001), AA (AHR = 2.3, 95% CI 1.4-3.7; p = 0.001), or AM (AHR = 1.4, 95% CI 1.0-1.9; p = 0.028) compared with DP; and patients who did not clear their initial parasitaemia within 2 days (AHR = 1.8, 95% CI 1.4-2.3; p < 0.001). The analysis was limited by heterogeneity between study populations and lack of data from very low transmission settings. Study quality was high. CONCLUSIONS In this meta-analysis, we found a high risk of P. vivax parasitaemia after treatment of P. falciparum malaria that varied significantly between studies. These P. vivax infections are likely attributable to relapses that could be prevented with radical cure including a hypnozoitocidal agent; however, the benefits of such a novel strategy will vary considerably between geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad S. Hossain
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- International Centre for Diarrheal Diseases and Research, Bangladesh (icddr,b), Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Robert J. Commons
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Internal Medical Services, Ballarat Health Services, Ballarat, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nicholas M. Douglas
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kamala Thriemer
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Bereket H. Alemayehu
- ICAP at Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Chanaki Amaratunga
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Ashley
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | | | - Verena I. Carrara
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Chanthap Lon
- Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | | | - Timothy M. E. Davis
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
| | - Arjen M. Dondorp
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Michael D. Edstein
- Australian Defence Force Malaria and Infectious Disease Institute, Enoggera, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rick M. Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Marcelo U. Ferreira
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jimee Hwang
- US President's Malaria Initiative, Malaria Branch, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
- Global Health Group, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | | | - Harin Karunajeewa
- Melbourne Medical School–Western Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Western Health Chronic Disease Alliance, Sunshine Hospital, St Albans, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jean R. Kiechel
- Drugs for Neglected Diseases initiative (DNDi), Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Simone Ladeia-Andrade
- Laboratory of Parasitic Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Institute/Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Amazonian Malaria Initiative/Amazon Network for the Surveillance of Antimalarial Drug Resistance, Ministry of Health of Brazil, Cruzeiro do Sul, Brazil
| | - Moses Laman
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
- Papua New Guinea Institute of Medical Research, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Institute of Research and Education Development (IRED), University of Health Sciences, Ministry of Health, Vientiane, Lao PDR
| | - Rose McGready
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Brioni R. Moore
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Fremantle Hospital, Fremantle, Australia
- School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Australia
| | - Ivo Mueller
- Division of Population Health and Immunity, The Walter & Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Parasites and Insect Vectors Department, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Paul N. Newton
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Lao-Oxford-Mahosot Hospital-Wellcome Trust Research Unit (LOMWRU), Microbiology Laboratory, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Lao PDR
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Harald Noedl
- MARIB—Malaria Research Initiative Bandarban, Vienna, Austria
| | - Francois Nosten
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Aung P. Phyo
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Jeanne R. Poespoprodjo
- Mimika District Hospital, Timika, Indonesia
- Timika Malaria Research Programme, Papuan Health and Community Development Foundation, Timika, Indonesia
- Paediatric Research Office, Department of Child Health, Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada/Dr. Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
| | - David L. Saunders
- Division of Medicine, United States Army Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Ft. Detrick, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Frank Smithuis
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Myanmar Oxford Clinical Research Unit, Yangon, Myanmar
- Medical Action Myanmar, Yangon, Myanmar
| | - Michele D. Spring
- Department of Bacterial and Parasitic Diseases, Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences (AFRIMS), Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Kasia Stepniewska
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Seila Suon
- National Center for Parasitology, Entomology, and Malaria Control, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Yupin Suputtamongkol
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Din Syafruddin
- Eijkman Institute for Molecular Biology, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia
| | - Hien T. Tran
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit (OUCRU), Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Neena Valecha
- National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Michele Van Vugt
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Academic Medical Centre, Department of Internal Medicine, Slotervaart Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Philippe J. Guerin
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A. Simpson
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- WorldWide Antimalarial Resistance Network (WWARN), Oxford, United Kingdom
- Global Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- * E-mail:
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Visser A, van der Maarel-Wierink CD, Janssens B, Niesten D, Jerković-Ćosić K, Duyck J, Gerritsen A, Hollaar V, Krausch-Hofmann S, van der Putten GJ, Weijenberg RAF, Listl S, Lobbezoo F, Schols JMGA, Bruers JJM. [Research agenda oral care for older people in the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium)]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2019; 126:637-645. [PMID: 31840674 DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2019.12.19085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Oral care for older people is an underexposed topic in dentistry as well as in general healthcare, while oral care professionals are increasingly confronted with frail and multimorbid older people with complex care needs. The research agenda 'Oral care for the elderly' was developed to encourage the collaboration of researchers in the Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) to do more research in this area and in this way, to achieve an expansion and implementation of knowledge. This will make possible the provision of a socially responsible and robust basis for sustainable oral care for frail older people. The focus of the agenda is on 3 themes, namely oral health and oral function for older people; multi/interdisciplinary collaboration within primary care and the costs, benefits and long-term effect(s) of oral care throughout the entire course of life. This article provides an overview of this research agenda and the way in which it has been established.
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Janssens B, Janssens L, de Witte N, Visser A. [Oral health in older adults, a challenge? Determinants of oral health in older adults.]. Ned Tijdschr Tandheelkd 2019; 126:657-664. [PMID: 31840677 DOI: 10.5177/ntvt.2019.12.19060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Current data show many older adults to have poor oral health, deteriorating even more when they become frail or care dependent. In order to achieve a structural and sustained improvement of this situation, it is necessary to have a clear view of the factors determining oral health in older adults, such as (endogenous (biological, lifestyle), environmental determinants and determinants associated with the organisation of healthcare. The various determinants show oral health in older adults is the result of thecombined effects of very diverse factors and for that reason, a solution will have to be based on a multidisciplinary approach, also involving people outside of clinical care. To promote good oral health over the full course of life, it is important to invest in a good start in life, that helps accumulate oral health gains, and at the same time it is essential to adapt the healthcare system and prevention strategies to the individual's needs in order to make oral care effective for the full course of life.
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Abstract
The Netherlands, like other Western countries, shows an obvious demography of aging, which is associated with many challenges. People age differently, after all. Some remain vital until very old age, while others become frail and disabled much earlier in life. Because of the indicated demographic trend, morbidity is expected to increase and with it, the number of older people needing care. 'Aging in place' has become a central phenomenon in healthcare policies. This means that older people should be empowered to lead a meaningful life in their own living environment as long as possible, even when they are frail and care dependent. Therefore, in the future, most care for older people will actually occur at home. This article aims to present a meaningful care model for the older people. Starting from the 'definition discussion' about frailty and a revaluation of the concept of' resilience, a basis will be provided for a sustainable, proactive and personalised elderly care, close to the living environment of older people, in which dentists and other oral health professionals play an important role as well.
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Janssens B, Vanobbergen J, Petrovic M, Jacquet W, Schols JMGA, De Visschere L. The oral health condition and treatment needs assessment of nursing home residents in Flanders (Belgium). Community Dent Health 2018; 34:143-151. [PMID: 28872808 DOI: 10.1922/cdh_4086janssens09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A study was conducted of nursing home residents with limited access to regular oral health care services to evaluate their oral health status, to perform an assessment of the need for oral treatment and to determine the possible predicting value of age, gender, care dependency and income level on their oral health status and treatment needs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three experienced dentists collected clinical oral health data with a mobile dental unit in 23 nursing homes. Socio-demographic data were extracted from the residents' records in the nursing home. Besides the descriptive and bivariate analysis, a general linear mixed model analysis was also performed with the nursing home as random effect. RESULTS The study sample consisted of 1,226 residents with a mean age of 83.9 years, of which 41.9% were edentulous. The mean D₃MFt in the dentate group was 24.5 and 77% needed extractions or fillings. In the group of residents wearing removable dentures, 36.9% needed repair, rebasing or renewal of the denture. The mixed model analysis demonstrated that with each year a resident gets older, the oral health outcomes get worse and that men have worse oral health and higher treatment needs than women. However, the level of income and care dependency had a less extensive role in predicting the oral health outcomes. CONCLUSIONS The nursing home residents presented a poor overall oral health status and high dental and prosthetic treatment needs. Gender and age were important predicting variables for the oral health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssens
- BENECOMO, Flemish-Netherlands Geriatric Oral Research Group, Ghent, Belgium, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Community Dentistry and Oral Public Health, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Vanobbergen
- BENECOMO, Flemish-Netherlands Geriatric Oral Research Group, Ghent, Belgium, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Community Dentistry and Oral Public Health, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Petrovic
- Department of Geriatrics, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - W Jacquet
- Department of Oral Health Sciences ORHE, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium.,Department of Educational Science EDWE-LOCI, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussel, Belgium
| | - J M G A Schols
- BENECOMO, Flemish-Netherlands Geriatric Oral Research Group, Ghent, Belgium, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Caphri, Dept. Family Medicine and Dept. Health Services Research, Maastricht University, The Netherlands
| | - L De Visschere
- BENECOMO, Flemish-Netherlands Geriatric Oral Research Group, Ghent, Belgium, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Community Dentistry and Oral Public Health, Dental School, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Rostrup M, Edwards JK, Abukalish M, Ezzabi M, Some D, Ritter H, Menge T, Abdelrahman A, Rootwelt R, Janssens B, Lind K, Paasma R, Hovda KE. Correction: The Methanol Poisoning Outbreaks in Libya 2013 and Kenya 2014. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0157256. [PMID: 27257672 PMCID: PMC4892636 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0157256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Miremadi SR, Cosyn J, Janssens B, De Bruyn H, Vanobbergen J, De Visschere L. A pilot assessment tool of the need for oral health care and cost prediction in institutionalized elderly people. Int J Dent Hyg 2016; 15:306-312. [DOI: 10.1111/idh.12222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SR Miremadi
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dental School; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - J Cosyn
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dental School; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Dental Medicine; Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy; Free University of Brussels (VUB); Brussels Belgium
| | - B Janssens
- Department of Community Dentistry and Oral Public Health; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dental School; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - H De Bruyn
- Department of Periodontology and Oral Implantology; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dental School; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
- Department of Prosthodontics; Faculty of Odontology; Malmö University; Malmö Sweden
| | - J Vanobbergen
- Department of Community Dentistry and Oral Public Health; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dental School; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - L De Visschere
- Department of Community Dentistry and Oral Public Health; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Dental School; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Rostrup M, Edwards JK, Abukalish M, Ezzabi M, Some D, Ritter H, Menge T, Abdelrahman A, Rootwelt R, Janssens B, Lind K, Paasma R, Hovda KE. The Methanol Poisoning Outbreaks in Libya 2013 and Kenya 2014. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0152676. [PMID: 27030969 PMCID: PMC4816302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0152676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outbreaks of methanol poisoning occur frequently on a global basis, affecting poor and vulnerable populations. Knowledge regarding methanol is limited, likely many cases and even outbreaks go unnoticed, with patients dying unnecessarily. We describe findings from the first three large outbreaks of methanol poisoning where Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) responded, and evaluate the benefits of a possible future collaboration between local health authorities, a Non-Governmental Organisation and international expertise. METHODS Retrospective study of three major methanol outbreaks in Libya (2013) and Kenya (May and July 2014). Data were collected from MSF field personnel, local health personnel, hospital files, and media reports. FINDINGS In Tripoli, Libya, over 1,000 patients were poisoned with a reported case fatality rate of 10% (101/1,066). In Kenya, two outbreaks resulted in approximately 341 and 126 patients, with case fatality rates of 29% (100/341) and 21% (26/126), respectively. MSF launched an emergency team with international experts, medications and equipment, however, the outbreaks were resolving by the time of arrival. INTERPRETATION Recognition of an outbreak of methanol poisoning and diagnosis seem to be the most challenging tasks, with significant delay from time of first presentations to public health warnings being issued. In spite of the rapid response from an emergency team, the outbreaks were nearly concluded by the time of arrival. A major impact on the outcome was not seen, but large educational trainings were conducted to increase awareness and knowledge about methanol poisoning. Based on this training, MSF was able to send a local emergency team during the second outbreak, supporting that such an approach could improve outcomes. Basic training, simplified treatment protocols, point-of-care diagnostic tools, and early support when needed, are likely the most important components to impact the consequences of methanol poisoning outbreaks in these challenging contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Rostrup
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Médecins Sans Frontières International, Geneva, Switzerland
- Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jeffrey K. Edwards
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Nairobi, Kenya
- Department of International Health, School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mohamed Abukalish
- Libyan Emergency Medicine Association, Tripoli Medical Center, Tripoli, Libya
| | - Masoud Ezzabi
- Medical Department, Tripoli Central Hospital, Tripoli, Libya
| | - David Some
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Tom Menge
- Department of Pharmacy, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya
| | | | - Rebecca Rootwelt
- Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bart Janssens
- Médecins Sans Frontières Operational Centre, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Raido Paasma
- Department of Anesthesiology and ICU, Pärnu County Hospital, Pärnu, Estonia
| | - Knut Erik Hovda
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Oslo, Norway
- The Norwegian CBRNe Centre of Medicine, Department of Acute Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- * E-mail:
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Bignan G, Alexander R, Bischoff J, Connolly P, Cummings M, de Breucker S, Esser N, Fraiponts E, Gilissen R, Grasberger B, Janssens B, Lu T, Ludovici D, Meerpoel L, Meyer C, Parker M, Peeters D, Rocaboy C, Schubert C, Smans K. 430 Design and structure–activity relationships of highly potent and bioavailable imidazolinone FASN KR domain inhibitors. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)70556-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Abstract
Tetanus is a very serious neuromuscular disease caused by a powerful exotoxin, tetanospasmin, from the Clostridium tetani bacillus. Its incidence in the developed world has diminished considerably since the introduction of primary vaccination. Tetanus is diagnosed clinically, through recognition of the characteristically inducible muscle spasms. Three clinical forms described in adults are generalised, localised and cephalic tetanus. Management of tetanus aims at removing the source of tetanospasmin, neutralising circulating toxin, and providing adequate supportive care for muscle spasms, respiration and autonomic instability. Tetanus is a forgotten disease in developed countries since many practicing primary care physicians have not seen a single case in their career. We present a case of tetanus and review briefly the pathogenesis, clinical features and therapy in order to educate the internist in recognising and adequately treating this disease.
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Lynch S, Ford N, van Cutsem G, Bygrave H, Janssens B, Decroo T, Andrieux-Meyer I, Roberts T, Balkan S, Casas E, Ferreyra C, Bemelmans M, Cohn J, Kahn P, Goemaere E. Public health. Getting HIV treatment to the most people. Science 2012; 337:298-300. [PMID: 22798404 DOI: 10.1126/science.1225702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sharonann Lynch
- Médecins Sans Frontières Access Campaign, New York, NY 10001, USA
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13
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Zwang J, Ashley EA, Karema C, D'Alessandro U, Smithuis F, Dorsey G, Janssens B, Mayxay M, Newton P, Singhasivanon P, Stepniewska K, White NJ, Nosten F. Safety and efficacy of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine in falciparum malaria: a prospective multi-centre individual patient data analysis. PLoS One 2009; 4:e6358. [PMID: 19649267 PMCID: PMC2716525 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2009] [Accepted: 06/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The fixed dose antimalarial combination of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine
(DP) is a promising new artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT). We
present an individual patient data analysis of efficacy and tolerability in
acute uncomplicated falciparum malaria, from seven published randomized
clinical trials conducted in Africa and South East Asia using a predefined
in-vivo protocol. Comparator drugs were mefloquine-artesunate (MAS3) in
Thailand, Myanmar, Laos and Cambodia; artemether-lumefantrine in Uganda; and
amodiaquine+sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine and
artesunate+amodiaquine in Rwanda. Methods and Findings In total 3,547 patients were enrolled: 1,814 patients (32%
children under five years) received DP and 1,733 received a comparator
antimalarial at 12 different sites and were followed for 28–63
days. There was no significant heterogeneity between trials. DP was well
tolerated with 1.7% early vomiting. There were less adverse
events with DP in children and adults compared to MAS3 except for diarrhea;
ORs (95%CI) 2.74 (2.13 to 3.51) and 3.11 (2.31 to 4.18),
respectively. DP treatment resulted in a rapid clearance of fever and
parasitaemia. The PCR genotype corrected efficacy at Day 28 of DP assessed
by survival analysis was 98.7% (95%CI
97.6–99.8). DP was superior to the comparator drugs in protecting
against both P.falciparum recurrence and recrudescence
(P = 0.001, weighted by site). There was no
difference between DP and MAS3 in treating P. vivax co-infections and in
suppressing the first relapse (median interval to P. vivax recurrence: 6
weeks). Children under 5 y were at higher risk of recurrence for both
infections. The proportion of patients developing gametocytaemia
(P = 0.002, weighted by site) and the
subsequent gametocyte carriage rates were higher with DP (11/1000 person
gametocyte week, PGW) than MAS3 (6/1000 PGW,
P = 0.001, weighted by site). Conclusions DP proved a safe, well tolerated, and highly effective treatment of
P.falciparum malaria in Asia and Africa, but the effect on gametocyte
carriage was inferior to that of MAS3.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Corine Karema
- National Malaria Control Programme, Kigali, Rwanda
- Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | - Grant Dorsey
- Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San
Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Bart Janssens
- Médecins Sans Frontières- Belgium, Phnom Penh,
Cambodia
| | - Mayfong Mayxay
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oxford, CCVTM, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Wellcome Trust – Mahosot Hospital – Oxford Tropical
Medicine Research Collaboration, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
- Department of Postgraduate Studies and Research, University of Health
Sciences, Vientiane, Laos
| | - Paul Newton
- Wellcome Trust – Mahosot Hospital – Oxford Tropical
Medicine Research Collaboration, Mahosot Hospital, Vientiane, Laos
| | | | - Kasia Stepniewska
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oxford, CCVTM, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. White
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oxford, CCVTM, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - François Nosten
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok,
Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine,
University of Oxford, CCVTM, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Janssens B, Van Damme W, Raleigh B, Gupta J, Khem S, Soy Ty K, Vun M, Ford N, Zachariah R. Offering integrated care for HIV/AIDS, diabetes and hypertension within chronic disease clinics in Cambodia. Bull World Health Organ 2007; 85:880-5. [PMID: 18038079 DOI: 10.2471/blt.06.036574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2007] [Accepted: 04/16/2007] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM In Cambodia, care for people with HIV/AIDS (prevalence 1.9%) is expanding, but care for people with type II diabetes (prevalence 5-10%), arterial hypertension and other treatable chronic diseases remains very limited. APPROACH We describe the experience and outcomes of offering integrated care for HIV/AIDS, diabetes and hypertension within the setting of chronic disease clinics. LOCAL SETTING Chronic disease clinics were set up in the provincial referral hospitals of Siem Reap and Takeo, 2 provincial capitals in Cambodia. RELEVANT CHANGES At 24 months of care, 87.7% of all HIV/AIDS patients were alive and in active follow-up. For diabetes patients, this proportion was 71%. Of the HIV/AIDS patients, 9.3% had died and 3% were lost to follow-up, while for diabetes this included 3 (0.1%) deaths and 28.9% lost to follow-up. Of all diabetes patients who stayed more than 3 months in the cohort, 90% were still in follow-up at 24 months. LESSONS LEARNED Over the first three years, the chronic disease clinics have demonstrated the feasibility of integrating care for HIV/AIDS with non-communicable chronic diseases in Cambodia. Adherence support strategies proved to be complementary, resulting in good outcomes. Services were well accepted by patients, and this has had a positive effect on HIV/AIDS-related stigma. This experience shows how care for HIV/AIDS patients can act as an impetus to tackle other common chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssens
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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15
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Janssens B, Raleigh B, Soeung S, Akao K, Te V, Gupta J, Vun MC, Ford N, Nouhin J, Nerrienet E. Effectiveness of highly active antiretroviral therapy in HIV-positive children: evaluation at 12 months in a routine program in Cambodia. Pediatrics 2007; 120:e1134-40. [PMID: 17954553 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2006-3503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Increasing access to highly active antiretroviral therapy to reach all those in need in developing countries (scale up) is slowly expanding to HIV-positive children, but documented experience remains limited. We aimed to describe the clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes of pediatric patients with >12 months of highly active antiretroviral therapy in 2 routine programs in Cambodia. METHODS Between June 2003 and March 2005, 212 children who were younger than 13 years started highly active antiretroviral therapy. Most patients started a standard first-line regimen of lamivudine, stavudine, and nevirapine, using split adult fixed-dosage combinations. CD4 percentage and body weight were monitored routinely. A cross-sectional virologic analysis was conducted in January 2006; genotype resistance testing was performed for patients with a detectable viral load. RESULTS Mean age of the subjects was 6 years. Median CD4 percentage at baseline was 6. Survival was 92% at 12 months and 91% at 24 months; 13 patients died, and 4 were lost to follow-up. A total of 81% of all patients had an undetectable viral load. Among the patients with a detectable viral load, most mutations were associated with resistance to lamivudine and non-nucleoside reverse-transcriptase inhibitor drugs. Five patients had developed extensive antiretroviral resistance. Being an orphan was found to be a predictor of virologic failure. CONCLUSIONS This study provides additional evidence of the effectiveness of integrating HIV/AIDS care with highly active antiretroviral therapy for children in a routine setting, with good virologic suppression and immunologic recovery achieved by using split adult fixed-dosage combinations. Viral load monitoring and HIV genotyping are valuable tools for the clinical follow-up of the patients. Orphans should receive careful follow-up and extra support.
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16
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Van Damme W, Kheang ST, Janssens B, Kober K. How labour intensive is a doctor-based delivery model for antiretroviral treatment (ART)? Evidence from an observational study in Siem Reap, Cambodia. Hum Resour Health 2007; 5:12. [PMID: 17470304 PMCID: PMC1876474 DOI: 10.1186/1478-4491-5-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2006] [Accepted: 05/01/2007] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Funding for scaling-up antiretroviral treatment (ART) in low-income countries has increased substantially, but the lack of human resources for health (HRH) is increasingly being identified as an important constraint for scaling-up ART. METHODS In a clinic run by Médecins Sans Frontières in Siem Reap, Cambodia, we documented the use of doctor-time for ART in September 2004 and in August 2005, for different phases in ART (pre-ART, ART initiation, ART follow-up Year 1, & ART follow-up Year 2). Based on these observations and using a variety of assumptions for survival of patients on ART (between 90 and 95% annually) and for further reductions in doctor-time per patient (between 0 and 10% annually), we estimated the need for doctors for the period 2004 till 2013 in the Siem Reap clinic, and in a hypothetical district in sub-Saharan Africa. RESULTS In the Siem Reap clinic, we found that from 2004 to 2005 the doctor-time needed per patient was reduced by between 14% and 33%, thanks to a reduction in number of visits per patient and shorter consultation times. In 2004, 2.06 full-time equivalent (FTE) doctors were needed for 522 patients on ART, and in 2005 this was slightly reduced to 1.97 FTE doctors for 911 patients on ART. By 2013, Siem Reap clinic will need between 2 and 5 FTE doctors for ART. In a district in sub-Saharan Africa with 200,000 inhabitants and 20% adult HIV prevalence, using a similar doctor-based ART delivery model, between 4 and 11 FTE doctors would be needed to cover 50% of ART needs. CONCLUSION ART is labour intensive. Important reductions in doctor-time per patient can be realized during scaling-up. The doctor-based ART delivery model analysed seems adequate for Cambodia. However, for many districts in sub-Saharan Africa a doctor-based ART delivery model may be incompatible with their HRH constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wim Van Damme
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Soy Ty Kheang
- Médecins Sans Frontières – Belgium, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Bart Janssens
- Médecins Sans Frontières – Belgium, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Katharina Kober
- Department of Public Health, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium
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17
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Janssens B, van Herp M, Goubert L, Chan S, Uong S, Nong S, Socheat D, Brockman A, Ashley EA, Van Damme W. A randomized open study to assess the efficacy and tolerability of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Cambodia. Trop Med Int Health 2007; 12:251-9. [PMID: 17300633 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3156.2006.01786.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy and tolerability of dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DHA-PQP) with that of a 3-day regimen of mefloquine and artesunate (MAS3) for the treatment of uncomplicated falciparum malaria in Cambodia. METHOD Randomized open-label non-inferiority study over 64 days. RESULTS Four hundred and sixty-four patients were included in the study. The polymerase chain reaction genotyping-adjusted cure rates on day 63 were 97.5% (95% confidence interval, CI, 93.8-99.3) for DHA-PQP and 97.5% (95% CI, 93.8-99.3) for MAS3, P = 1. There were no serious adverse events, but significantly more episodes of vomiting (P = 0.03), dizziness (P = 0.002), palpitations (P = 0.04), and sleep disorders (P = 0.03) reported in the MAS3 treatment group, consistent with the side-effect profile of mefloquine. CONCLUSIONS DHA-PQP was as efficacious as MAS3, but much better tolerated, making it more appropriate for use in a routine programme setting. This highly efficacious, safe and more affordable fixed-dose combination could become the treatment of choice for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssens
- Médecins Sans Frontières, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.
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18
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Perera T, Geerts T, Janssens B, King P, Koob Z, Boisferon MD, Bichat F, Freyne E, Page M, Janicot M. 587 POSTER Efficacy of the novel multi-targeted kinase inhibitor JNJ-26483327 in experimental brain and bone metastases models. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70592-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
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19
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Perera T, Versele M, Lavrijssen T, Janssens B, Floren W, King P, Page M, Freyne E, Janicot M. 588 POSTER JNJ-26483327 is a novel multi-targeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor with cellular activity against EGFR, Her2, Src and VEGFR3. EJC Suppl 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(06)70593-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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20
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Goodall
- Boston Consulting Group, Los Angeles California 90071, USA
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22
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Espeel PH, Janssens B, Jacobs PA. Functional selectivity in Friedel-Crafts alkylations with polyfunctional reactants over acid zeolites. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00079a012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Janssens B, Goossens S, Staes K, Gilbert B, van Hengel J, Colpaert C, Bruyneel E, Mareel M, van Roy F. αT-Catenin: a novel tissue-specific β-catenin-binding protein mediating strong cell-cell adhesion. J Cell Sci 2001; 114:3177-88. [PMID: 11590244 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.114.17.3177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cadherins are major cell-cell adhesion proteins whose cytoplasmic domains bind to catenin proteins. Strong intercellular adhesion depends on linkage of the cadherin/catenin complex to the actin cytoskeleton via α-catenin. To date, it is not clear how different cell types achieve the variable strength of cell-cell adhesion clearly needed in a multicellular organism. Here, we report the cloning and molecular characterization of αT(testis)-catenin, a novel human cDNA encoding a protein with homology to both human αE(epithelial)-catenin and αN(neural)-catenin. Although originally discovered in testis, αT-catenin is expressed in other tissues, the highest levels being observed in heart. Immunohistochemical analysis showed human αT-catenin localization at intercalated discs of cardiomyocytes and in peritubular myoid cells of testis. In cells transfected with αT-catenin cDNA, interaction with β-catenin was demonstrated by co-immunoprecipitation. Transfection of α-catenin-deficient colon carcinoma cells recruited E-cadherin and β-catenin to cell-cell contacts and functional cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion was restored in this way. Moreover, compaction of these cells was at least as prominent as in the case of cells expressing endogenous αE-catenin. We propose that αT-catenin is necessary for the formation of stretch-resistant cell-cell adhesion complexes, in particular, muscle cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssens
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)-Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
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24
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Degeest B, Janssens B, De Vuyst L. Exopolysaccharide (EPS) biosynthesis by Lactobacillus sakei 0-1: production kinetics, enzyme activities and EPS yields. J Appl Microbiol 2001; 91:470-7. [PMID: 11556912 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2672.2001.01404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To determine optimal exopolysaccharide (EPS) production conditions of the mesophilic lactic acid bacterium strain Lactobacillus sakei 0-1 and to detect possible links between EPS yields and the activity of relevant enzymes. METHODS AND RESULTS Fermentation experiments at different temperatures using either glucose or lactose were carried out. EPS production took place during the exponential growth phase. Low temperatures, applying glucose as carbohydrate source, resulted in the best bacterial growth, the highest amounts of EPS and the highest specific EPS production. Activities of 10 important enzymes involved in the EPS biosynthesis and the energy formation of Lact. sakei 0-1 were measured. The obtained results revealed that there is a clear link for some enzymes with EPS biosynthesis. It was also demonstrated clearly that the presence of rhamnose in the EPS building blocks is due to high activities of the enzymes involved in the rhamnose synthetic branch. CONCLUSION EPS production in Lact. sakei 0-1 is growth-associated and displays primary metabolite kinetics. Glucose as carbohydrate source and low temperatures enhance the EPS production. The enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of the activated sugar nucleotides play a major role in determining the monomeric composition of the synthesized EPS. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The proposed results contribute to a better understanding of the physiological factors influencing EPS production and the key enzymes involved in EPS biosynthesis by Lact. sakei.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Degeest
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology, Fermentation Technology and Downstream Processing (IMDO), Department of Applied Biological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Gurke I, Wutz C, Gieseler D, Janssens B, Heidelbach F, Riekel C, Kricheldorf H. Micro-focus X-ray scanning on layers of smectic superstructures. J Appl Crystallogr 2000. [DOI: 10.1107/s0021889899013230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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26
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Janssens B, Staes K, van Roy F. Human alpha-catulin, a novel alpha-catenin-like molecule with conserved genomic structure, but deviating alternative splicing. Biochim Biophys Acta 1999; 1447:341-7. [PMID: 10542337 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-4781(99)00170-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new human cDNA was cloned and termed alpha-catulin, based on sequence similarity with both alpha-CATenins and vincULIN. The mRNA is present ubiquitously, although low expression levels are found in neural tissues. The genomic organization of the alpha-catulin gene CTNNAL1 is closely related to that of the alphaE-catenin gene CTNNA1, but not at all to that of the vinculin gene. Alternative splicing of the last exon generates a frameshift, resulting in a truncated protein with a new carboxy-terminus.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Janssens
- Molecular Cell Biology Unit, Department of Molecular Biology, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology (VIB)-University of Ghent, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium
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27
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Rees JF, de Wergifosse B, Noiset O, Dubuisson M, Janssens B, Thompson EM. The origins of marine bioluminescence: turning oxygen defence mechanisms into deep-sea communication tools. J Exp Biol 1998; 201:1211-21. [PMID: 9510532 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.201.8.1211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioluminescence, the emission of ecologically functional light by living organisms, emerged independently on several occasions, yet the evolutionary origins of most bioluminescent systems remain obscure. We propose that the luminescent substrates of the luminous reactions (luciferins) are the evolutionary core of most systems, while luciferases, the enzymes catalysing the photogenic oxidation of the luciferin, serve to optimise the expression of the endogenous chemiluminescent properties of the luciferin. Coelenterazine, a luciferin occurring in many marine bioluminescent groups, has strong antioxidative properties as it is highly reactive with reactive oxygen species such as the superoxide anion or peroxides. We suggest that the primary function of coelenterazine was originally the detoxification of the deleterious oxygen derivatives. The functional shift from its antioxidative to its light-emitting function might have occurred when the strength of selection for antioxidative defence mechanisms decreased. This might have been made possible when marine organisms began colonising deeper layers of the oceans, where exposure to oxidative stress is considerably reduced because of reduced light irradiance and lower oxygen levels. A reduction in metabolic activity with increasing depth would also have decreased the endogenous production of reactive oxygen species. Therefore, in these organisms, mechanisms for harnessing the chemiluminescence of coelenterazine in specialised organs could have developed, while the beneficial antioxidative properties were maintained in other tissues. The full range of graded irradiance in the mesopelagic zone, where the majority of organisms are bioluminescent, would have provided a continuum for the selection and improvement of proto-bioluminescence. Although the requirement for oxygen or reactive oxygen species observed in bioluminescent systems reflects the high energy required to produce visible light, it may suggest that oxygen-detoxifying mechanisms provided excellent foundations for the emergence of many bioluminescent systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Rees
- Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Catholic University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Abstract
We studied the enzymatic characteristics of the oxidative catabolism of retinoic acid (RA) and its inhibition by liarozole-fumarate in homogenates of rat Dunning R3327G prostate tumors. Homogenates of rat liver were used as reference material. Both tumor and liver homogenates were able to catabolize retinoic acid. HPLC analysis revealed only very polar metabolites in tumors, while in the liver both metabolites with intermediate polarity and more polar metabolites were found. Kinetic analysis of retinoic acid catabolism showed a K(m) of 1.7 +/- 0.7 microM and a Vmax of 4.2 +/- 4.4 pmol polar RA metabolites/mg protein/hr for Dunning G tumor homogenates. In liver homogenates a K(m) value of 4.3 +/- 0.5 microM and a Vmax value of 290 +/- 120 pmol polar RA metabolites/mg protein/hr were obtained. Liarozole-fumarate inhibited retinoic acid catabolism in Dunning tumors and liver with IC50 values of 0.26 +/- 0.16 microM and 0.14 +/- 0.05, respectively. The results suggest that rat Dunning R3327G tumors are able to metabolize retinoic acid in a manner similar to that found in rat liver but with a lower metabolizing capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Krekels
- Department of Endocrino- and Immunopharmacology, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium
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29
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Van Ginckel R, Janssens B, Callens M, Goeminne N, Wouters L, De Coster R. Effects of combined and sequential treatment with tamoxifen and the aromatase inhibitor vorozole on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a) anthracene-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1996; 38:21-8. [PMID: 8603447 DOI: 10.1007/s002800050442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The aromatase inhibitor vorozole dose-dependently inhibited the growth of dimethylbenz(a) anthracene (DMBA)-induced mammary carcinoma in the rat. An oral dose of 5 mg/kg per day brought about growth inhibition and reduction of tumor multiplicity similar to that produced by ovariectomy. Tamoxifen (8 mg/kg per day) also reduced tumor growth, albeit to a lesser extent than did ovariectomy. Concomitant administration of varying doses of tamoxifen with the fully effective dose of vorozole (5 mg/kg per day) tended to be less effective than ovariectomy of vorozole alone. This is likely to be due to the estrogen-agonistic effects of tamoxifen. Combination of tamoxifen with the partially effective dose of vorozole (1 mg/kg per day) gave results comparable with those obtained for either of the compounds used in monotherapy. Combining tamoxifen with a marginally active low dose of vorozole (0.2 mg/kg per day) resulted in a minor additional growth inhibition as compared with that obtained with this dose of vorozole alone. Sequential treatment with tamoxifen (8 mg/kg per day) for 42 days and vorozole (5 mg/kg per day) for 42 days, and vice-versa, was performed with a drug-free interval of 14 days between treatments. Tumors regressing under vorozole therapy relapsed when subsequently treated with tamoxifen. In contrast, vorozole further reduced tumor volumes in rats previously treated with tamoxifen. Furthermore, monotherapy with tamoxifen as well as the two sequential tamoxifen-vorozole treatment schedules were in most cases less effective than vorozole monotherapy in inhibiting both tumor growth and tumor multiplicity. Although extrapolation of these findings in cycling animals to the clinical situation, involving postmenopausal women, is not straightforward, these results warrant further studies in preclinical models. Moreover, clinical trials comparing the most effective aromatase inhibitors with tamoxifen in previously untreated postmenopausal patients with breast cancer may also be warranted.
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Van Ginckel R, Distelmans W, De Brabander M, Callens M, Janssens B, Jagers E, Wouters L, De Coster R, Janssen PA. Levamisole plus 5-fluorouracil inhibits the growth of human colorectal xenografts in nude mice. Eur J Cancer 1992; 28A:1137-9. [PMID: 1627384 DOI: 10.1016/0959-8049(92)90473-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Fragments of human colorectal adenocarcinomas were inserted under the renal capsule of nude mice. The growth of these tumour grafts was significantly inhibited by the combination of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and levamisole. An alternating regimen of levamisole 2.5 mg/kg and 5-FU 20 mg/kg decreased the size of tumour implants by 33-59% and/or increased the number of macroscopically disappeared fragments in the combined group compared with ineffective monotherapy with saline, levamisole or 5-FU. This model could be valuable for investigating the mechanism of action of levamisole and to evaluate the effects of this adjuvant therapy in other oncological settings.
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Krekels MD, Wouters W, Van Ginckel R, Janssens B, Callens M, De Coster R. Aromatase inhibition by R 83 842, the dextro isomer of R 76 713, in JEG-3 choriocarcinoma grown in ovariectomized nude mice. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 1992; 41:761-4. [PMID: 1562551 DOI: 10.1016/0960-0760(92)90419-j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The effects of repeated (5 days) dosing with the non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor R 83 842 (the dextro isomer of R 76 713) on tumor aromatase and uterus weight in ovariectomized nude mice bearing JEG-3 tumors were examined. In animals bearing an androstenedione implant the presence of a JEG-3 tumor significantly increased uterus weight, proving that tumor aromatase indeed converted androgens to estrogens. Oral administration of R 76 713 (10 mg/kg) for 5 days reduced the increase in uterus weight by 84% in tumor bearing mice revealing true in vivo aromatase inhibition by R 76 713. Experiments performed in the absence of exogenously added androgens gave similar results. Uterus weights in tumor bearing mice were significantly higher than in control mice. Oral administration of R 83 842 (5 mg/kg) for 5 days reduced uterus weight in the tumor bearing animals. Ex vivo aromatase measurements performed in JEG-3 tumors from these animals showed an aromatase inhibition of 93.9% in treated mice as compared to untreated mice. Five days oral treatment with R 83 842 dose-dependently lowered both aromatase activity and uterus weight. Doses of 5 and 0.5 mg/kg inhibited tumor aromatase by 94.1 and 74.7%, respectively, and reduced uterus weight. After a dose of 0.05 mg/kg aromatase activity and uterus weight were similar to those in the control group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Krekels
- Department of Endocrinology and Oncology, Janssen Research Foundation, Beerse, Belgium
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