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Rocha-Junior MC, Rodrigues ES, Slavov SN, Assone T, Pedreschi M, de La Roque DGL, Sousa M, Olavarria V, Galvão-Castro B, da Fonseca BAL, Penalva de Oliveira AC, Smid J, Takayanagui OM, Casseb J, Covas DT, Kashima S. Rapid and Sensitive Qualitative Duoplex Real-Time PCR Method for Discriminatory and Confirmatory Diagnosis of HTLV-1 and HTLV-2 Infections: Brazilian Multicentric Study. Front Med (Lausanne) 2022; 9:881630. [PMID: 35755037 PMCID: PMC9218175 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2022.881630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human T cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV) is the caustive agent of two main conditions i. e., the HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP) and the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). HTLV diagnosis is based on serological and molecular approaches; however, an accurate and validated method is still needed. The objective of this study was to establish a rapid and sensitive molecular test to confirm and discriminate HTLV 1/2 types. The test validation was performed as a multicentric study involving HTLV confirmation centers throughout Brazil. Proviral DNA was extracted from whole blood and the amplification was performed using in-house designed primer and probe sets targeting the pol genomic region. An internal control to validate the extraction and amplification was also included. The limit of detection (LoD) of the assay was four copies/reaction for HTLV-1 and 10.9 copies/reaction for HTLV-2. The diagnostic sensitivity of the platform was 94.6% for HTLV-1, 78.6% for HTLV-2, and the specificity was 100% for both viruses. Cross-reactions of the test with human viruses including HAV, HBV, HCV, HIV-1/2, and parvovirus B19 were not observed. During the multicentric validation, the test was used to screen a total of 692 blood samples obtained from previously confirmed HTLV-positive individuals. From these, 91.1% tested positive being concordant with the previously obtained results. In conclusion, our duoplex-RT-PCR-HTLV1 /2 presented adequate efficiency for HTLV-1/2 differentiation showing high sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, it can be a suitable tool for confirmation of suspected and inconclusive HTLV cases, prenatal and pre-transplant diagnosis, in Brazil and in other countries HTLV-endemic countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Cristiano Rocha-Junior
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Evandra Strazza Rodrigues
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy CTC, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Svetoslav Nanev Slavov
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy CTC, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tatiane Assone
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maíra Pedreschi
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Debora Glenda Lima de La Roque
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Maisa Sousa
- Tropical Medicine Center, Federal University of Para, Belém, Brazil
| | - Viviana Olavarria
- Centro de HTLV, Escola Bahiana de Medicina e Saúde Pública, Salvador, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Jerusa Smid
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jorge Casseb
- Laboratory of Medical Investigation LIM 56, Division of Dermatology, Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Dimas Tadeu Covas
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy CTC, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Department of Neurology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Simone Kashima
- Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Biosciences and Biotechnology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.,Center for Cell-Based Therapy CTC, Regional Blood Center of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Sereme Y, Pólvora TLS, Rochereau N, Santana RC, Paul S, da Fonseca BAL, Bourlet T, Pozzetto B, Lourenço AG, Motta ACF. Gingival tissue as a reservoir for human immunodeficiency virus type-1: Preliminary results of a cross-sectional observational study. J Periodontol 2021; 93:613-620. [PMID: 34396525 DOI: 10.1002/jper.21-0345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), total cure of immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection remains elusive. Chronic periodontitis (CP) is strongly associated with HIV-1 infection. This condition is characterized by an intense inflammatory infiltrate mainly constituted of immune cells which in turn may be a valuable source of HIV-1 reactivation. This study aimed to determine if gingival tissue could act as a reservoir for HIV-1. METHODS Twelve HIV-1-infected patients with CP and 12 controls (no HIV-1-infection and no CP) were evaluated in a cross-sectional study. RNA viral load and interleukin (IL) levels were determined in blood plasma and saliva. Histological sections of gingival tissue were stained with fluorescent antibodies against p24 antigen and different cellular biomarkers. RESULTS In 6 of the 12 patients, HIV RNA load was detected, despite cART; in three of them, expression of viral RNA was also detected in saliva. The levels of IL-2, IL-6 and IL-12 were higher in blood and saliva of HIV-infected patients with CP than controls. HIV-1 p24 antigen was detected by Immunostaining in gingival biopsies of 10 of the 12 patients but in no control. Immune markers for T cells and antigen-presenting cells were also identified in most patients and some controls. CONCLUSION These preliminary data showing the detection of HIV-1 p24 antigen in the gingival biopsies of a significant part of HIV-1 infected patients with CP under cART together with the presence of immune cells, plead for the existence of a HIV-1 reservoir in the gingival tissue of this population. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youssouf Sereme
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents, University of Lyon, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Nicolas Rochereau
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents, University of Lyon, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Rodrigo Carvalho Santana
- Department of Internal Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Stephane Paul
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents, University of Lyon, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | | | - Thomas Bourlet
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents, University of Lyon, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Bruno Pozzetto
- Team Mucosal Immunity and Pathogen Agents, University of Lyon, University of Saint-Etienne, Saint-Etienne, France
| | - Alan Grupioni Lourenço
- Department of Oral and Basic Biology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Carolina F Motta
- Department of Stomatology, Public Health and Forensic Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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Siconelli MJL, Jorge DMDM, Castro-Jorge LAD, Fonseca-Júnior AA, Nascimento ML, Floriano VG, Souza FRD, Queiroz-Júnior EMD, Camargos MF, Costa EDL, Carvalho AAB, Fonseca BALD. Evidence for current circulation of an ancient West Nile virus strain (NY99) in Brazil. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2021; 54:S0037-86822021000100630. [PMID: 33681933 PMCID: PMC8008906 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0687-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: In Brazil, West Nile virus (WNV) was first detected, in 2018, in horses with neurological disease. AIM: We report the first case of WNV infection in a horse from Ceará state and the complete genome sequence of an isolate from Espírito Santo state. Both infections occurred in 2019. METHODS: WNV was isolated from the tissues of a horse with neurological signs in Espírito Santo and sequenced by MiSeq. RESULTS: Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to lineage 1a, clustering with the NY99 strain, a strain that has not circulated in the USA since 2005. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings reinforce the hypothesis that WNV has been silently circulating in Brazil for many years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Márcio Junio Lima Siconelli
- Universidade São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Daniel Macedo de Melo Jorge
- Universidade São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiza Antunes de Castro-Jorge
- Universidade São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Antônio Augusto Fonseca-Júnior
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brasil
| | - Mateus Laguardia Nascimento
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brasil
| | - Vitor Gonçalves Floriano
- Universidade São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Clínica Médica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | | | | | - Marcelo Fernandes Camargos
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Laboratório Federal de Defesa Agropecuária de Minas Gerais, Pedro Leopoldo, MG, Brasil
| | - Eliana Dea Lara Costa
- Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento, Departamento de Saúde Animal, Brasília, DF, Brasil
| | - Adolorata Aparecida Bianco Carvalho
- Universidade Estadual Paulista, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Departamento de Patologia, Reprodução e Saúde Única, Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil
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4
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Magnus MM, Espósito DLA, Costa VAD, Melo PSD, Costa-Lima C, Fonseca BALD, Addas-Carvalho M. Risk of Zika virus transmission by blood donations in Brazil. Hematol Transfus Cell Ther 2018; 40:250-254. [PMID: 30128434 PMCID: PMC6098187 DOI: 10.1016/j.htct.2018.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Zika, a disease caused by Zika virus infections, has recently emerged and caused outbreaks in many parts of the world. The clinical manifestations of Zika are usually mild, mostly presenting as an exanthematic febrile disease, but on some occasions, it might be associated with microcephaly after intrauterine infection, and Guillain-Barré Syndrome. Zika virus is primarily transmitted by mosquito bites, but other means of transmission have been described, and potential risk for blood transmission has been reported in French Polynesia and Brazil. Methods To investigate the risk of Zika virus infection after a blood transfusion in an area of Brazil where a possible transmission by a platelet concentrate has been described. Using a mini-pool format, 1857 blood donations were evaluated by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction designed to detect Zika virus RNA. Results After testing samples individually from positive mini-pools, the prevalence of Zika virus RNA was only 0.16%, a result probably associated to the low circulation of this virus in the study area. In addition, it was evident that the implementation of post-surveillance programs is important to detect Zika virus infections in blood donors, as the post-donation surveillance program detected two blood donors with the disease in this study. Conclusion This study shows that the risk for Zika virus transmission by blood transfusion is real, even in regions with a low circulation of the disease, but the combination of the detection of Zika virus RNA by polymerase chain reaction and post-donation surveillance might reduce the risk of transmission by blood transfusions.
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Esposito DLA, Fonseca BALD. Sensitivity and detection of chikungunya viral genetic material using several PCR-based approaches. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2017; 50:465-469. [PMID: 28954066 DOI: 10.1590/0037-8682-0403-2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION: Chikungunya fever is a condition resulting from infection by chikungunya virus (CHIKV), an Aedes sp.-transmitted virus. This disease has been diagnosed in thousands of cases in the Americas, particularly in Brazil, in recent years, and there is an ongoing epidemic of chikungunya fever in Brazil that began in 2014. Clinical diagnosis is difficult; only a few cases have been confirmed by laboratory tests due to the low number of specific, efficient tests available for virus or antibody detection. Here, we aimed to evaluate different polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approaches for detection of CHIKV genetic material. METHODS: Specific primers and probes within the viral capsid gene region were designed for this work. To evaluate the analytic sensitivity of detection, human sera were spiked with serial dilutions of the viral stock. Several PCR protocols were performed to investigate the sensitivity of CHIKV RNA detection in serum dilutions ranging from 106 to 1 PFU equivalents. RESULTS: The technique showing the greatest sensitivity was a real-time PCR assay using specific probes that could detect the genetic material of the virus at all dilutions, followed by conventional PCR. Digital PCR showed low sensitivity and was much more expensive than other technologies. Digital PCR should be used for specific purposes other than clinical diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: Although quantitative PCR using probes was more expensive than the use of intercalating dyes or conventional PCR, it had the highest sensitivity out of all tested PCR approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Lucas Alves Esposito
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Esposito DLA, Fonseca BALD. Will Mayaro virus be responsible for the next outbreak of an arthropod-borne virus in Brazil? Braz J Infect Dis 2017; 21:540-544. [PMID: 28688628 PMCID: PMC9425496 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjid.2017.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Revised: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mayaro virus is an alphavirus from the Togaviridae family and is transmitted mainly by Hemagogus mosquitoes. This virus circulates in high-density tropical forests or rural areas of Central and South America causing a disease characterized by high-grade fever, maculopapular skin rash and marked arthralgia that, in some patients, can persist for long periods after infection and may be misinterpreted as chikungunya. Although only a few outbreaks involving this virus have been reported, in the last years the number of Mayaro virus infections has increased in the central and northern regions of Brazil. In this review, we describe the reported prevalence of this infection over the years and discuss the circumstances that can contribute to the establishment of an urban mayaro virus epidemic in Brazil and the problems encountered with the specific diagnosis, especially the antigenic cross-reactivity of this pathogen with other viruses of the same family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danillo Lucas Alves Esposito
- Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Departmento de Clínica Médica, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
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7
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Tolardo AL, Souza WMD, Romeiro MF, Vieira LC, Luna LKDS, Henriques DA, Araujo JD, Siqueira CEH, Colombo TE, Aquino VH, Fonseca BALD, Bronzoni RVDM, Nogueira ML, Durigon EL, Figueiredo LTM. A real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for detection and quantification of Vesiculovirus. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2017; 111:385-90. [PMID: 27276185 PMCID: PMC4909037 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760150456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 05/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Vesiculoviruses (VSV) are zoonotic viruses that cause vesicular stomatitis disease in cattle, horses and pigs, as well as sporadic human cases of acute febrile illness. Therefore, diagnosis of VSV infections by reliable laboratory techniques is important to allow a proper case management and implementation of strategies for the containment of virus spread. We show here a sensitive and reproducible real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection and quantification of VSV. The assay was evaluated with arthropods and serum samples obtained from horses, cattle and patients with acute febrile disease. The real-time RT-PCR amplified the Piry, Carajas, Alagoas and Indiana Vesiculovirus at a melting temperature 81.02 ± 0.8ºC, and the sensitivity of assay was estimated in 10 RNA copies/mL to the Piry Vesiculovirus. The viral genome has been detected in samples of horses and cattle, but not detected in human sera or arthropods. Thus, this assay allows a preliminary differential diagnosis of VSV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Lavado Tolardo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - William Marciel de Souza
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Marilia Farignoli Romeiro
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Carlos Vieira
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luciano Kleber de Souza Luna
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Dyana Alves Henriques
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Jansen de Araujo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Carlos Eduardo Hassegawa Siqueira
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop MT , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - Tatiana Elias Colombo
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto SP , Brasil, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Victor Hugo Aquino
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Laboratório de Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Benedito Antonio Lopes da Fonseca
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Roberta Vieira de Morais Bronzoni
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop MT , Brasil, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto de Ciências da Saúde, Centro Universitário de Sinop, Sinop, MT, Brasil
| | - Maurício Lacerda Nogueira
- Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto SP , Brasil, Faculdade de Medicina de São José do Rio Preto, Laboratório de Pesquisa em Virologia, São José do Rio Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Edison Luiz Durigon
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Laboratório de Virologia Clínica e Molecular, São Paulo, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiz Tadeu Moraes Figueiredo
- Universidade de São Paulo, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto SP , Brasil, Universidade de São Paulo, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Centro de Pesquisa em Virologia, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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Abstract
Dengue, a disease caused by any of the four serotypes of dengue viruses, is the most important arthropod-borne viral disease in the world in terms of both morbidity and mortality. The infection by these viruses induces a plethora of clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic infections to severe diseases with involvement of several organs. Severe forms of the disease are more frequent in secondary infections by distinct serotypes and, consequently, a dengue vaccine must be tetravalent. Although several approaches have been used on the vaccine development, no vaccine is available against these viruses, especially because of problems on the development of a tetravalent vaccine. Here, we describe briefly the vaccine candidates available and their ability to elicit a protective immune response. We also discuss the problems and possibilities of any of the vaccines in final development stage reaching the market for human use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emiliana Pereira Abrão
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Danillo Lucas Alves Espósito
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
| | - Flávio Lauretti
- Departamento de Clínica Médica, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, BR
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9
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Maruyama SR, Castro-Jorge LA, Ribeiro JMC, Gardinassi LG, Garcia GR, Brandão LG, Rodrigues AR, Okada MI, Abrão EP, Ferreira BR, Fonseca BALD, Miranda-Santos IKFD. Characterisation of divergent flavivirus NS3 and NS5 protein sequences detected in Rhipicephalus microplus ticks from Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2013; 109:38-50. [PMID: 24626302 PMCID: PMC4005522 DOI: 10.1590/0074-0276130166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcripts similar to those that encode the nonstructural (NS) proteins NS3 and NS5
from flaviviruses were found in a salivary gland (SG) complementary DNA (cDNA)
library from the cattle tick Rhipicephalus microplus. Tick extracts
were cultured with cells to enable the isolation of viruses capable of replicating in
cultured invertebrate and vertebrate cells. Deep sequencing of the viral RNA isolated
from culture supernatants provided the complete coding sequences for the NS3 and NS5
proteins and their molecular characterisation confirmed similarity with the NS3 and
NS5 sequences from other flaviviruses. Despite this similarity, phylogenetic analyses
revealed that this potentially novel virus may be a highly divergent member of the
genus Flavivirus. Interestingly, we detected the divergent NS3 and NS5 sequences in
ticks collected from several dairy farms widely distributed throughout three regions
of Brazil. This is the first report of flavivirus-like transcripts in R.
microplus ticks. This novel virus is a potential arbovirus because it
replicated in arthropod and mammalian cells; furthermore, it was detected in a cDNA
library from tick SGs and therefore may be present in tick saliva. It is important to
determine whether and by what means this potential virus is transmissible and to
monitor the virus as a potential emerging tick-borne zoonotic pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Luiz Gustavo Gardinassi
- National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, RockvilleMD, USA
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10
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Abstract
Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in the world. As chloroquine, an antimalarial agent, has shown some antiviral effects, this study evaluated its effect in patients with dengue. A randomised, double-blind study was performed by administering chloroquine or placebo for three days to 129 patients with dengue-related symptoms. Of these patients, 37 were confirmed as having dengue and completed the study; in total, 19 dengue patients received chloroquine and 18 received placebo. There was no significant difference in the duration of the disease or the degree and days of fever. However, 12 patients (63%) with confirmed dengue reported a substantial decrease in pain intensity and a great improvement in their ability to perform daily activities (p = 0.0004) while on the medication and the symptoms returned immediately after these patients stopped taking the medication. The same effect was not observed in patients with diseases other than dengue. Therefore, this study shows that patients with dengue treated with chloroquine had an improvement in their quality of life and were able to resume their daily activities. However, as chloroquine did not alter the duration of the disease or the intensity and days of fever, further studies are necessary to confirm the clinical effects and to assess the side effects of chloroquine in dengue patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Carvalho Borges
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo,
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Luiza Antunes Castro
- Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo,
Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
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11
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Santana RDC, Louzada P, Bollela VR, Cruz AAV, Fonseca BALD. Orbital tuberculosis presenting as proptosis and fever: the risk of empiric corticosteroids. Int Ophthalmol 2013; 34:133-6. [PMID: 23474699 DOI: 10.1007/s10792-013-9751-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo de Carvalho Santana
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida dos Bandeirantes, 3900, Bairro Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, 14049-900, Brazil,
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12
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Lanca AM, Collares JKB, Ferreira JLDP, Lima DM, Brigido LFDM, Rodrigues R, Fonseca BALD. HIV-1 tropism and CD4 T lymphocyte recovery in a prospective cohort of patients initiating HAART in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2012; 107:96-101. [PMID: 22310542 DOI: 10.1590/s0074-02762012000100014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Accepted: 12/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
While human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 chemokine co-receptors 5 tropism and the GWGR motif in the envelope third variable region (V3 loop) have been associated with a slower disease progression, their influence on antiretroviral response remains unclear. The impact of baseline V3 characteristics on treatment response was evaluated in a randomised, double blind, prospective cohort study with patients initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy with lopinavir or efavirenz plus azithothymidine/3TC (1:1) over 48 weeks. Similar virological and immunological responses were observed for both treatment regimens. The 43 individuals had a mean baseline CD4 T cell count of 119 cells/mm(3) [standard deviation (SD) = 99] and a mean viral load of 5.09 log(10) copies/mL (SD = 0.49). The GWGR motif was not associated with a CD4 T cell response, but predicted R5 tropism by the geno2pheno([clinical20%]) algorithm correlated with higher CD4 T cell levels at all monitoring points (p < 0.05). Moreover, higher false-positive rates (FPR) values from this analysis revealed a strong correlation with CD4 T cell recovery (p < 0.0001). Transmitted drug resistance mutations, documented in 3/41 (7.3%) cases, were unrelated to the assigned antiretroviral regimen and had no impact on patient outcomes. In conclusion, naÏve HIV-1 R5 infected patients exhibited higher CD4 T cell counts at baseline; this difference was sustained throughout therapy. The geno2pheno([clinical]) option FPR positively correlated with CD4 T cell gain and may be useful in predicting CD4 T cell recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andre Minhoto Lanca
- Laboratório de Retrovirus, Centro de Virologia, Instituto Adolfo Lutz, São Paulo, Brasil
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Lima DM, Paula SOD, França RFDO, Palma PV, Morais FR, Gomes-Ruiz AC, Aquino MTPD, Fonseca BALD. A DNA vaccine candidate encoding the structural prM/E proteins elicits a strong immune response and protects mice against dengue-4 virus infection. Vaccine 2011; 29:831-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2010.10.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2010] [Revised: 10/27/2010] [Accepted: 10/29/2010] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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14
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Carbonell GV, Falcón R, Yamada AT, da Fonseca BAL, Yano T. Morphological and intracellular alterations induced by Serratia marcescens cytotoxin. Res Microbiol 2004; 155:25-30. [PMID: 14759705 DOI: 10.1016/j.resmic.2003.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2003] [Accepted: 09/12/2003] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In the present work, in vitro assays were used to investigate the toxicity of Serratia marcescens cytotoxin in cultured Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells. The time necessary to detect cellular alterations such as the onset of apoptosis, the perturbation of mitochondrial function, and cytoskeletal changes was assessed. The internalization of the cytotoxin by CHO cells was also examined. Within 10-15 min of exposure to cytotoxin, CHO cells became round, the nucleus shrank, the chromatin became more compact, and cytoplasmic blebs appeared on the cell surface. TUNEL (TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling) and propidium iodide staining identified some nuclei with fragmented DNA, and electrophoresis of CHO cell DNA obtained after 30-min exposure to S. marcescens toxin showed a pattern of DNA fragments typically associated with apoptosis. The cells also lost their characteristic actin organization within 10 min of exposure to cytotoxin. Lactate dehydrogenase leakage was detected after 20-min exposure to the cytotoxin and increased with time thereafter. Concomitantly, there was a time-dependent reduction in mitochondrial activity. Fluorescein-labeled S. marcescens cytotoxin was detected only on the surface of CHO cells, even after 30-min exposure to the toxin. These results show that there was no internalization of the toxin by CHO cells, and that, once bound to the cell surface, the toxin was able to induce changes in intracellular metabolism and to trigger cell death by apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleize Villela Carbonell
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Imunologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Figueiró Filho EA, Duarte G, Silva AAMRE, Fonseca BALD, Mussi-Pinhata MM, Quintana SM, El Beitune P. Efeito das drogas anti-retrovirais sobre as taxas de fertilidade de ratas Wistar. Rev Bras Ginecol Obstet 2002. [DOI: 10.1590/s0100-72032002001000003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess dengue transmission in a correctional facility for juvenile delinquents in Ribeirão Preto, state of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS A serological and virology investigation was carried out among inmates and employees of a correctional facility for juvenile delinquents in Ribeirão Preto, Brazil. The study population consisted of 105 inmates and 91 employees representing 89% of the exposed. The collected blood was stored and processed using MAC-ELISA and virus isolation. A questionnaire was applied to each subject at the time of blood collection. RESULTS Of the total of blood samples collected (n=196), 42 (21.4%) were positive for IgM antibodies and 43 (21.9%) for IgG antibodies; of which, 15 were both IgM and IgG positive and 28 (14.3%) were IgG positive only. Serotype 1 dengue virus was isolated in 5 samples. Out of 42 IgM positive samples, 14 (33.0%) subjects did not have any physical complaints. The incidence rate was 23.8% and 18.6% among inmates and employees, respectively. The first cases in the facility were reported in 1997 and the last ones in March 1997 though results are suggestive of an earlier onset of transmission. CONCLUSIONS The high incidence rate of dengue infection can be explained by the high population density of the facility, high Aedes aegypti infestation, high numbers of asymptomatic subjects, and a higher transmission of disease in a closed setting.
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