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Bird B, Sheikh Z, Zachariah JJ. A Case of Recurrent Idiopathic Hypertrophic Pachymeningitis After Years of Quiescence. Neurology 2022. [DOI: 10.1212/01.wnl.0000903488.03225.fc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
ObjectiveTo report a case of idiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis with recurrence in a new region of the brain after years of quiescence.BackgroundIdiopathic hypertrophic pachymeningitis (IHP) is a rare condition defined by thickening of the dural layer secondary to inflammation without discernible cause. Common symptoms include headache, cranial neuropathies, visual loss, mastoiditis and hearing loss. We present a case of a woman with two discrete episodes of headache and vision changes associated with dural thickening and parenchymal edema in separate locations, eventually with biopsy-supported diagnosis of IHP. A 41-year-old woman presented to our hospital with days of persistent temporal headache, blurred vision and confusion. MRI of the brain with contrast demonstrated left temporal lobe edema and overlying dural thickening, initially concerning for mastoiditis versus malignancy. Bloodwork revealed mildly elevated CRP and chronic untreated hepatitis C (HCV). Lumbar puncture was unrevealing, including cell counts, flow cytometry, cytology, cultures, CSF RPR and herpes simplex. Additional infectious workup, including for tuberculosis and fungi, was negative. IgG4 levels were normal, and ANCA screening was negative. CT of the chest revealed lung and liver nodules with non-specific inflammation on biopsy. Mastoidectomy with myringotomy showed no infection. PET scan was unremarkable. Ultimately, biopsy of dural thickening showed chronic inflammation, predominantly CD-163+ histiocytes without granulomas or malignancy. Seven years prior, the patient suffered a similar episode, with MRI showing extensive bilateral frontal dural thickening with associated edema. Symptoms resolved after course of corticosteroids with taper, though minor right frontopolar gliosis persisted. IHP suspected after similar workup, but no biopsy performed.Design/MethodsNA.ResultsNA.ConclusionsIHP is clinically well-described, but data on course and recurrence patterns over time is scarce. This case demonstrates that recurrence is not restricted to original affected areas and can happen after years of quiescence. Given course and positive HCV, further longitudinal follow-up and studies are warranted.
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Patel D, Ahmad A, Maheshwari P, Bird B, Albert A. Bacillus pumilus-Borne Food Poisoning in an Immunosuppressed Host. Am J Med 2021; 134:e573-e574. [PMID: 34297978 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjmed.2021.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dolly Patel
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey.
| | - Adeel Ahmad
- Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey
| | - Parth Maheshwari
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey
| | - Benjamin Bird
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey
| | - Adam Albert
- Department of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey; Lebanon Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Lebanon, Pennsylvania
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3
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Bird B, Nancekievill M, West A, Hayman J, Ballard C, Jones W, Ross S, Wild T, Scott T, Lennox B. Vega—A small, low cost, ground robot for nuclear decommissioning. J FIELD ROBOT 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/rob.22048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthew Nancekievill
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Andrew West
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering University of Manchester Manchester UK
| | - Jim Hayman
- School of Physics University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | | | - Will Jones
- Robotics and Autonomous Systems Atomic Weapons Establishment Berkshire UK
| | - Shaun Ross
- Robotics and Autonomous Systems Atomic Weapons Establishment Berkshire UK
| | - Toby Wild
- Robotics and Autonomous Systems Atomic Weapons Establishment Berkshire UK
| | - Tom Scott
- School of Physics University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Barry Lennox
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, School of Engineering University of Manchester Manchester UK
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4
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Ng K, Bird B, Murphy C, O'Connor D, Cook J. 979P Efficacy of pembrolizumab with concomitant use of antibiotics. Ann Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2021.08.1363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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5
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Banos A, Hayman J, Wallace-Smith T, Bird B, Lennox B, Scott TB. An assessment of contamination pickup on ground robotic vehicles for nuclear surveying application. J Radiol Prot 2021; 41:179-196. [PMID: 33271518 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6498/abd074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Ground robotic vehicles are often deployed to inspect areas where radioactive floor contamination is a prominent risk. However, the accuracy of detection could be adversely affected by enhanced radiation signal through self-contamination of the robot occurring over the course of the inspection. In this work, it was hypothesised that a six-legged robot could offer advantages over the more conventional ground robotic devices such as wheeled and tracked rovers. To investigate this, experimental contamination testing and computational Monte Carlo simulation techniques (GEANT4) were employed to understand how radioactive contamination pick-up on three different robotic vehicles would affect their detection accuracy. Two robotic vehicles were selected for comparison with the hexapod robot based on their type of locomotion; a wheeled rover and a tracked rover. With the aid of a non-toxic fluorescent tracer dust, the contamination received by the all three vehicles when traversing a contaminated area was initially compared through physical inspection using high definition cameras. The parametric results from these tests where used in the computational study carried out in GEANT4. A cadmium zinc telluride detector was simulated at heights ranging from 10 to 50 cm above each contaminated vehicle, as if it were mounted on a plinth. Assuming a uniform activity of 60 Bq cm-2on all contaminated surfaces, the results suggested that due to the hexapod's small ground-contacting surface area and geometry, radiation detection rates using an uncollimated detector are likely to be overestimated by between only 0.07%-0.12%, compared with 3.95%-8.43% and 1.75%-14.53% for the wheeled and tracked robot alternatives, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Banos
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - J Hayman
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - T Wallace-Smith
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
| | - B Bird
- University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - B Lennox
- University of Manchester, School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Manchester M13 9PL, United Kingdom
| | - T B Scott
- University of Bristol, Interface Analysis Centre, School of Physics, HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Tyndall Avenue, Bristol BS8 1TL, United Kingdom
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Pereira TM, Diem M, Bachmann L, Bird B, Miljković M, Zezell DM. Evaluating biochemical differences in thyroglobulin from normal and goiter tissues by infrared spectral imaging. Analyst 2021; 145:7907-7915. [PMID: 33016272 DOI: 10.1039/d0an00700e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Thyroglobulin is a glycoiodoprotein that is produced by thyroid follicular cells; it is stored in follicles in structures known as colloids. The main function of this protein is to stock the hormones triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4) until the body requires them. This study aims to demonstrate that infrared spectral imaging with appropriate multivariate analysis can reveal biochemical changes in this glycoprotein. The results achieved herein point out biochemical differences in the colloid samples obtained from normal and goiter patients including glycosylation and changes in the secondary conformational structure. We have presented the first spectral histopathology-based method to detect biochemical differences in thyroid colloids, such as TG iodination, glycosylation, and changes in the secondary structure in normal and goiter patients. The observed changes in the colloids were mainly due to the alterations in amide I and amide II (secondary conformation of proteins) and there is a correlation with different glycosylation between normal and goiter tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Martini Pereira
- Instituto de Ciência e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Talim, 330-12231-280 - São José dos Campos, Brazil.
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Killian M, Walsh P, Connor D, Murphy K, Bird B, Murphy C. Comparison of breast cancer outcomes in a private hospital with national outcomes in a country with a mixed public/private healthcare model. Ann Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdz101.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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8
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Karmali S, Hughes N, Kinneally A, Kroes J, Cook J, Killian M, Shafiq T, O'Mahony D, Bird B, O'Connor M, O'Reilly S, Galiauskas R, Murphy CG. Abstract P4-16-08: A regional audit of 6-hour monitoring for administration related reactions during the first administration of subcutaneous trastuzumab. Cancer Res 2019. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs18-p4-16-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
In 2012, Subcutaneous Trastuzumab (TSC) was introduced as an alternative to Intravenous Trastuzumab (TIV) for HER2+ breast cancer. The pivotal HannaH study demonstrated that TSC was non-inferior to TIV, was preferred by patients, and serious administration related reactions (ARRs) were not reported. However, the Summary of Product Characteristics (SPC) advises that patients be observed for ARRs for 6 hours post-first administration (and 2 hours post-subsequent administrations), similar to TIV.
Aim
To assess the frequency and tolerability of ARRs during the 6-hour observation period post first administration of TSC in patients with HER2+ breast cancer.
Method:
A retrospective audit of TSC was conducted in Southwest Ireland across five centers from 2014-2016. Patient charts were reviewed to record ARRs reported on the first-administration or at subsequent visit. In addition a subset of patients were interviewed regarding their recollection of ARRs with first or subsequent injections.
Results:
The study is ongoing having identified 192 patients. These centers have administered 2111 TSC injections in total, associated with 4998 hours of observation as per SPC. From the 385 injections given over the first two TSC administrations, 13 injections (3.4%) were associated with ARRs within 24 hours. Nine patients (2.3%) experienced injection site reactions immediately post injection, one injection site pain (0.3%), and one experienced petechiae on subsequent exposure (0.3%). Three patients experienced pyrexia and dry cough 24 hours post-injection and were hospitalized for respiratory tract infection. There were no reactions experienced between 2 and 6 hours post-first injection. There were no serious ARRs. Telephone interviews are ongoing and these results will be reported.
Conclusion:
ARRs related to TSC are usually immediate, mild and self-limiting. Observing patients for 6 hours post-first injection and 2 hours post-subsequent injections represents an inefficient use of healthcare resources.
Citation Format: Karmali S, Hughes N, Kinneally A, Kroes J, Cook J, Killian M, Shafiq T, O'Mahony D, Bird B, O'Connor M, O'Reilly S, Galiauskas R, Murphy CG. A regional audit of 6-hour monitoring for administration related reactions during the first administration of subcutaneous trastuzumab [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2018 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2018 Dec 4-8; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2019;79(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P4-16-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karmali
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - N Hughes
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - A Kinneally
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - J Kroes
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - J Cook
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - M Killian
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - T Shafiq
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - D O'Mahony
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - B Bird
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - M O'Connor
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - S O'Reilly
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - R Galiauskas
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
| | - CG Murphy
- Bon Secours Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University College Cork, Cork, Munster, Ireland; Cork University Hospital, Cork, Munster, Ireland; University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland; University Hospital Kerry, Tralee, Kerry, Ireland
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9
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Goldstein T, Anthony S, Gbakima A, Bird B, Bangura J, Tremeau-Bravard A, Belaganahalli M, Wells H, Dhanota J, Liang E, Grodus M, Jangra R, Dejesus V, Lasso G, Smith B, Jambai A, Kamara B, Kamara S, Bangura W, Monagin C, Shapira S, Johnson CK, Saylors K, Rubin E, Chandran K, Lipkin W, Mazet J. The discovery of a new Ebolavirus, Bombali virus, adds further support for bats as hosts of Ebolaviruses. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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10
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Abstract
Mid-infrared microscopy has become a key technique in the field of biomedical science and spectroscopy. This label-free, non-destructive technique permits the visualisation of a wide range of intrinsic biochemical markers in tissues, cells and biofluids by detection of the vibrational modes of the constituent molecules. Together, infrared microscopy and chemometrics is a widely accepted method that can distinguish healthy and diseased states with high accuracy. However, despite the exponential growth of the field and its research world-wide, several barriers currently exist for its full translation into the clinical sphere, namely sample throughput and data management. The advent and incorporation of quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) into infrared microscopes could help propel the field over these remaining hurdles. Such systems offer several advantages over their FT-IR counterparts, a simpler instrument architecture, improved photon flux, use of room temperature camera systems, and the flexibility of a tunable illumination source. In this current study we explore the use of a QCL infrared microscope to produce high definition, high throughput chemical images useful for the screening of biopsied colorectal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bird
- Daylight Solutions Inc., 15378 Avenue of Science, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92128, USA.
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11
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Abstract
Mid-infrared microscopy is a non-destructive, quantitative and label-free spectroscopic imaging technique that, as a result of recent instrument advancements, is now at the point of enabling high-throughput automated biochemical screening of whole histology samples. Currently the mid-infrared field is undergoing a paradigm shift that has not been seen since the introduction of scanning Fourier Transform interferometric spectrometers. The latest mid-infrared microscopes are powered by tunable quantum cascade laser (QCL) sources which offer a number of advantages including measurement protocol flexibility, ease-of-use and a greatly enhanced data acquisition speed at high spectral and spatial resolution. In this study we use a wide-field QCL infrared microscope to develop and validate a fast four-frequency protocol for imaging fibrosis in unstained liver tissue. We compare our results to the gold standard Masson's trichrome histochemical staining protocol.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Bird
- Daylight Solutions Inc., 15378 Avenue of Science, Suite 200, San Diego, CA 92128, USA.
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12
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Bird B, Connell D, O’Connor D. Evaluation of the prognostic value of lymph-node ratio in patients with colon cancer in the oxaliplatin era. Ann Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy151.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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13
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Diem M, Miljković M, Bird B, Mazur AI, Schubert JM, Townsend D, Laver N, Almond M, Old O. Cancer screening via infrared spectral cytopathology (SCP): results for the upper respiratory and digestive tracts. Analyst 2017; 141:416-28. [PMID: 26421636 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01751c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Instrumental advances in infrared micro-spectroscopy have made possible the observation of individual human cells and even subcellular structures. The observed spectra represent a snapshot of the biochemical composition of a cell; this composition varies subtly but reproducibly with cellular effects such as progression through the cell cycle, cell maturation and differentiation, and disease. The aim of this summary is to provide a synopsis of the progress achieved in infrared spectral cytopathology (SCP) - the combination of infrared micro-spectroscopy and multivariate methods of analysis - for the detection of abnormalities in exfoliated human cells of the upper respiratory and digestive tract, namely the oral and nasopharyngeal cavities, and the esophagus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Diem
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA and Cireca Theranostics, LLC, 19 Blackstone St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
| | - Miloš Miljković
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Benjamin Bird
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Antonella I Mazur
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jen M Schubert
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas Townsend
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nora Laver
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Max Almond
- Biophotonics Research Unit, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK
| | - Oliver Old
- Biophotonics Research Unit, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Great Western Road, Gloucester, UK
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14
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McHugh D, Gou P, Quinn J, Thornton P, Bird B, Sukor S, Fortune A, Perera K, Bacon L, Vandenberghe E, Flavin R, Grant C. Prevalence, clinico-pathological features and outcomes of ‘double-hit’ high-grade B-cell non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL): a single institution experience. Ann Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdw375.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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15
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Butler HJ, Ashton L, Bird B, Cinque G, Curtis K, Dorney J, Esmonde-White K, Fullwood NJ, Gardner B, Martin-Hirsch PL, Walsh MJ, McAinsh MR, Stone N, Martin FL. Using Raman spectroscopy to characterize biological materials. Nat Protoc 2016; 11:664-87. [PMID: 26963630 DOI: 10.1038/nprot.2016.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 593] [Impact Index Per Article: 74.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopy can be used to measure the chemical composition of a sample, which can in turn be used to extract biological information. Many materials have characteristic Raman spectra, which means that Raman spectroscopy has proven to be an effective analytical approach in geology, semiconductor, materials and polymer science fields. The application of Raman spectroscopy and microscopy within biology is rapidly increasing because it can provide chemical and compositional information, but it does not typically suffer from interference from water molecules. Analysis does not conventionally require extensive sample preparation; biochemical and structural information can usually be obtained without labeling. In this protocol, we aim to standardize and bring together multiple experimental approaches from key leaders in the field for obtaining Raman spectra using a microspectrometer. As examples of the range of biological samples that can be analyzed, we provide instructions for acquiring Raman spectra, maps and images for fresh plant tissue, formalin-fixed and fresh frozen mammalian tissue, fixed cells and biofluids. We explore a robust approach for sample preparation, instrumentation, acquisition parameters and data processing. By using this approach, we expect that a typical Raman experiment can be performed by a nonspecialist user to generate high-quality data for biological materials analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly J Butler
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,Centre for Global Eco-Innovation, Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Lorna Ashton
- Department of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | | | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Chilton, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Kelly Curtis
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Jennifer Dorney
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Karen Esmonde-White
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Nigel J Fullwood
- Department of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Health and Medicine, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Benjamin Gardner
- Department of Biomedical Physics, Physics and Astronomy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pierre L Martin-Hirsch
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, University of Central Lancashire, Preston, UK
| | - Michael J Walsh
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin R McAinsh
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Nicholas Stone
- Biophotonics Research Unit, Gloucestershire Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Gloucester, UK
| | - Francis L Martin
- Lancaster Environment Centre, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
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Gardiner RE, Jahangeer S, Forde P, Ariffin AB, Bird B, Soden D, Hinchion J. Low immunogenicity in non-small cell lung cancer; do new developments and novel treatments have a role? Cancer Metastasis Rev 2016; 34:129-44. [PMID: 25726003 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-015-9550-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Approximately 1.6 million new cases of lung cancer are diagnosed annually (Jemal et al. CA: A Cancer Journal for Clinicians, 61, 69-90, 2011) and it remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide. Despite decades of bench and clinical research to attempt to improve outcome for locally advanced, good performance status patients, the 5-year survival remains less than 15 % (Molina et al. 2008). Immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICH) therapies have shown a significant promise in preclinical and clinical trails to date in the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). The idea of combining these systemic immune therapies with local ablative techniques is one that is gaining momentum. Electrochemotherapy (ECT) is a unique atraumatic local therapy that has had very promising objective response rates and a number of advantages including but not limited to its immunostimulatory effects. ECT in combination with ICHs offers a novel approach for dealing with this difficult disease process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E Gardiner
- Cork Cancer Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland,
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17
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Pilling MJ, Henderson A, Bird B, Brown MD, Clarke NW, Gardner P. High-throughput quantum cascade laser (QCL) spectral histopathology: a practical approach towards clinical translation. Faraday Discuss 2016; 187:135-54. [DOI: 10.1039/c5fd00176e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Infrared microscopy has become one of the key techniques in the biomedical research field for interrogating tissue. In partnership with multivariate analysis and machine learning techniques, it has become widely accepted as a method that can distinguish between normal and cancerous tissue with both high sensitivity and high specificity. While spectral histopathology (SHP) is highly promising for improved clinical diagnosis, several practical barriers currently exist, which need to be addressed before successful implementation in the clinic. Sample throughput and speed of acquisition are key barriers and have been driven by the high volume of samples awaiting histopathological examination. FTIR chemical imaging utilising FPA technology is currently state-of-the-art for infrared chemical imaging, and recent advances in its technology have dramatically reduced acquisition times. Despite this, infrared microscopy measurements on a tissue microarray (TMA), often encompassing several million spectra, takes several hours to acquire. The problem lies with the vast quantities of data that FTIR collects; each pixel in a chemical image is derived from a full infrared spectrum, itself composed of thousands of individual data points. Furthermore, data management is quickly becoming a barrier to clinical translation and poses the question of how to store these incessantly growing data sets. Recently, doubts have been raised as to whether the full spectral range is actually required for accurate disease diagnosis using SHP. These studies suggest that once spectral biomarkers have been predetermined it may be possible to diagnose disease based on a limited number of discrete spectral features. In this current study, we explore the possibility of utilising discrete frequency chemical imaging for acquiring high-throughput, high-resolution chemical images. Utilising a quantum cascade laser imaging microscope with discrete frequency collection at key diagnostic wavelengths, we demonstrate that we can diagnose prostate cancer with high sensitivity and specificity. Finally we extend the study to a large patient dataset utilising tissue microarrays, and show that high sensitivity and specificity can be achieved using high-throughput, rapid data collection, thereby paving the way for practical implementation in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J. Pilling
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | - Alex Henderson
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
| | | | - Mick D. Brown
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group
- Institute of Cancer Sciences
- Paterson Building
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
| | - Noel W. Clarke
- Genito Urinary Cancer Research Group
- Institute of Cancer Sciences
- Paterson Building
- The University of Manchester
- Manchester
| | - Peter Gardner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology
- University of Manchester
- Manchester
- UK
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Bird B, Baker MJ. Quantum Cascade Lasers in Biomedical Infrared Imaging. Trends Biotechnol 2015; 33:557-558. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 06/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Townsend D, Miljković M, Bird B, Lenau K, Old O, Almond M, Kendall C, Lloyd G, Shepherd N, Barr H, Stone N, Diem M. Infrared micro-spectroscopy for cyto-pathological classification of esophageal cells. Analyst 2015; 140:2215-23. [PMID: 25594077 DOI: 10.1039/c4an01884b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
We report results from a study utilizing infrared spectral cytopathology (SCP) to detect abnormalities in exfoliated esophageal cells. SCP has been developed over the past decade as an ancillary tool to classical cytopathology. In SCP, the biochemical composition of individual cells is probed by collecting infrared absorption spectra from each individual, unstained cell, and correlating the observed spectral patterns, and the variations therein, against classical diagnostic methods to obtain an objective, machine-based classification of cells. In the past, SCP has been applied to the analysis and classification of cells exfoliated from the cervix and the oral cavity. In these studies, it was established that SCP can distinguish normal and abnormal cell types. Furthermore, SCP can differentiate between truly normal cells, and cells with normal morphology from the vicinity of abnormalities. Thus, SCP may be a valuable tool for the screening of early stages of dysplasia and pre-cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Townsend
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA.
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Crowley MP, O’Neill SB, Kevane B, O’Neill DC, Eustace JA, Cahill MR, Bird B, Maher MM, O’Regan K, O’Shea D. Ionizing radiation exposure as a result of diagnostic imaging in patients with lymphoma. Clin Transl Oncol 2015; 18:533-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s12094-015-1394-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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21
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Lorusso V, Śmiałowska-Janiszewska A, Krzemieniecki K, Novoa SA, Mefti F, Janssen J, Steger G, Bird B, Turazza M, Yosef H, Albuisson E, Barnadas A, Batist G, De Mouzon J, Erdkamp F, Leonard R, Namer M, Maumus-Robert S, Aapro M. Use of Liposomal Doxorubicin for Metastatic Breast Cancer Management Across Europe: Results of Eos (European Observatory & Survey). Ann Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdu329.45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Albariño CG, Shoemaker T, Khristova ML, Wamala JF, Muyembe JJ, Balinandi S, Tumusiime A, Campbell S, Cannon D, Gibbons A, Bergeron E, Bird B, Dodd K, Spiropoulou C, Erickson BR, Guerrero L, Knust B, Nichol ST, Rollin PE, Ströher U. Genomic analysis of filoviruses associated with four viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks in Uganda and the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2012. Virology 2013; 442:97-100. [PMID: 23711383 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2013.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2013] [Revised: 04/07/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In 2012, an unprecedented number of four distinct, partially overlapping filovirus-associated viral hemorrhagic fever outbreaks were detected in equatorial Africa. Analysis of complete virus genome sequences confirmed the reemergence of Sudan virus and Marburg virus in Uganda, and the first emergence of Bundibugyo virus in the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
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Affiliation(s)
- C G Albariño
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, USA
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Miljković M, Bird B, Lenau K, Mazur AI, Diem M. Spectral cytopathology: new aspects of data collection, manipulation and confounding effects. Analyst 2013; 138:3975-82. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00185g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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24
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Krafft C, Bird B. Biomedical vibrational spectroscopy. J Biophotonics 2013; 6:5-6. [PMID: 23288708 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201300502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
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25
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Pereira TM, Zezell DM, Bird B, Miljković M, Diem M. The characterization of normal thyroid tissue by micro-FTIR spectroscopy. Analyst 2013; 138:7094-100. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00296a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Mazur AI, Marcsisin EJ, Bird B, Miljković M, Diem M. Evaluating different fixation protocols for spectral cytopathology, part 2: cultured cells. Anal Chem 2012; 84:8265-71. [PMID: 22935013 DOI: 10.1021/ac3017407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Spectral cytopathology (SCP) is a robust and reproducible diagnostic technique that employs infrared spectroscopy and multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis to interrogate unstained cellular samples and discriminate changes on the biochemical level. In the past decade, SCP has taken considerable strides in its application for disease diagnosis. Cultured cell lines have proven to be useful model systems to provide detailed biological information to this field; however, the effects of sample fixation and storage of cultured cells are still not entirely understood in SCP. Conventional cytopathology utilizes fixation and staining methods that have been established and widely accepted for nearly a century and are focused on maintaining the morphology of a cell. Conversely, SCP practices must implement fixation protocols that preserve the sample's biochemical composition and maintain its spectral integrity so not to introduce spectral changes that may mask variance significant to disease. It is not only necessary to evaluate the effects on fixed exfoliated cells but also fixed cultured cells because although they are similar systems, they exhibit distinct differences. We report efforts to study the effects of fixation methodologies commonly used in traditional cytopathology and SCP including both fixed and unfixed routines applied to cultured HeLa cells, an adherent cervical cancer cell line. Data suggest parallel results to findings in Part 1 of this series for exfoliated cells, where the exposure time in fixative and duration of sample storage via desiccation contribute to minor spectral changes only. The results presented here reinforce observations from Part 1 indicating that changes induced by disease are much greater than changes observed as a result of alternate fixation methodologies. Principal component analysis of HeLa cells fixed via the same conditions and protocols as exfoliated cells (Part 1) yield nearly identical results. More importantly, the overall conclusion is that it is necessary that all samples subjected to comparative analysis should be prepared identically because although changes are minute, they are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella I Mazur
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Bird B, Miljković MS, Remiszewski S, Akalin A, Kon M, Diem M. Infrared spectral histopathology (SHP): a novel diagnostic tool for the accurate classification of lung cancer. J Transl Med 2012; 92:1358-73. [PMID: 22751349 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2012.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We report results of a study utilizing a recently developed tissue diagnostic method, based on label-free spectral techniques, for the classification of lung cancer histopathological samples from a tissue microarray. The spectral diagnostic method allows reproducible and objective diagnosis of unstained tissue sections. This is accomplished by acquiring infrared hyperspectral data sets containing thousands of spectra, each collected from tissue pixels about 6 μm on edge; these pixel spectra contain an encoded snapshot of the entire biochemical composition of the pixel area. The hyperspectral data sets are subsequently decoded by methods of multivariate analysis, which reveal changes in the biochemical composition between tissue types, and between various stages and states of disease. In this study, a detailed comparison between classical and spectral histopathology (SHP) is presented, which suggests SHP can achieve levels of diagnostic accuracy that is comparable to that of multi-panel immunohistochemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bird
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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Abstract
Spectral cytopathology (SCP) is a novel approach for disease diagnosis that utilizes infrared spectroscopy to interrogate the biochemical components of cellular samples and multivariate statistical methods, such as principal component analysis, to analyze and diagnose spectra. SCP has taken vast strides in its application for disease diagnosis over the past decade; however, fixation-induced changes and sample handling methods are still not systematically understood. Conversely, fixation and staining methods in conventional cytopathology, typically involving protocols to maintain the morphology of cells, have been documented and widely accepted for nearly a century. For SCP, fixation procedures must preserve the biochemical composition of samples so that spectral changes significant to disease diagnosis are not masked. We report efforts to study the effects of fixation protocols commonly used in traditional cytopathology and SCP, including fixed and unfixed methods applied to exfoliated oral (buccal) mucosa cells. Data suggest that the length of time in fixative and duration of sample storage via desiccation contribute to minor spectral changes where spectra are nearly superimposable. These findings illustrate that changes influenced by fixation are negligible in comparison to changes induced by disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella I Mazur
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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(Swain) Marcsisin EJ, Uttero CM, Mazur AI, Miljković M, Bird B, Diem M. Noise Adjusted Principal Component reconstruction to optimize infrared microspectroscopy of individual live cells. Analyst 2012; 137:2958-64. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an15868j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Bird B, Miljković M, Laver N, Diem M. Spectral Detection of Micro-Metastases and Individual Metastatic Cells in Lymph Node Histology. Technol Cancer Res Treat 2011; 10:135-44. [DOI: 10.7785/tcrt.2012.500188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The detection of micro-metastases and individual metastatic cells in lymph node tissue by spectral methods is summarized. These methods are based on instrument-based acquisition of thousands of infrared spectra of individual tissue pixels from the tissue section, and analysis of the resulting spectral hypercube by multivariate algorithms. The method of infrared image acquisition, followed by multivariate analysis, is henceforth referred to as Spectral Histopathology (SHP). SHP produces pseudo-color images of tissue sections which reveal details that compare very favorably with images collected from hematoxylin/eosin (H & E) stained tissues in that the same tissue structures are detected. However, the infrared results are based on objective and reproducible measurements and do not depend on subjective interpretation. One of the major topics of this paper is the comparison of spectral patterns observed for the same cancer type from different patients. While this is easy in some tissue types, we found it to be difficult in tissues of very different cellularity, or tissue sections that exhibit high levels of inflammatory response. In both cases, spectral quality will be compromised due to confounding effects resulting from scattering effects. The correction of these effects now permits the direct comparison of different patient samples, and paves the way for diagnostic algorithms for cancer detection to be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. Bird
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - M. Miljković
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - N. Laver
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA 02111 USA
| | - M. Diem
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Abstract
In this paper we describe the advantages of collecting infrared microspectral data in imaging mode opposed to point mode. Imaging data are processed using the PapMap algorithm, which co-adds pixel spectra that have been scrutinized for R-Mie scattering effects as well as other constraints. The signal-to-noise quality of PapMap spectra will be compared to point spectra for oral mucosa cells deposited onto low-e slides. Also the effects of software atmospheric correction will be discussed. Combined with the PapMap algorithm, data collection in imaging mode proves to be a superior method for spectral cytopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M. Schubert
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Antonella I. Mazur
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Benjamin Bird
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Miloš Miljković
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Max Diem
- Northeastern University, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02115 USA
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Abstract
In this manuscript, we report the application of EMSC to correct infrared micro-spectral data recorded from tissue that describe resonant Mie scattering contributions. Small breast micro-metastases previously undetectable using the raw measured spectra were provided clear contrast from the surrounding tissue after signal correction. The technique also proved transferrable, successfully correcting imaging data sets recorded from multiple patients. It is envisaged more robust methods of supervised analysis can now be constructed to automatically classify and diagnose tissue spectra.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bird
- Chemical Biology Department, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Schubert JM, Bird B, Papamarkakis K, Miljković M, Bedrossian K, Laver N, Diem M. Spectral cytopathology of cervical samples: detecting cellular abnormalities in cytologically normal cells. J Transl Med 2010; 90:1068-77. [PMID: 20368702 PMCID: PMC2894285 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2010.72] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spectral cytopathology (SCP) is a novel spectroscopic method for objective and unsupervised classification of individual exfoliated cells. The limitations of conventional cytopathology are well recognized within the pathology community. In SCP, cellular differentiation is made by observing molecular changes in the nucleus and the cytoplasm, which may or may not produce morphological changes detectable by conventional cytopathology. This proof of concept study shows SCP's potential as an enhancing tool for cytopathologists by aiding in the accurate and reproducible diagnosis of cells in all states of disease. Infrared spectra are collected from cervical cells deposited onto reflectively coated glass slides. Each cell has a corresponding infrared spectrum that describes its unique biochemical composition. Spectral data are processed and analyzed by an unsupervised chemometric algorithm, principal component analysis. In this blind study, cervical samples are classified by analyzing the spectra of morphologically normal looking squamous cells from normal samples and samples diagnosed by conventional cytopathology with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. SCP discriminated cytopathological diagnoses amongst 12 different cervical samples with a high degree of specificity and sensitivity. SCP also correlated two samples with abnormal spectral changes: these samples had a normal cytopathological diagnosis but had a history of abnormal cervical cytology. The spectral changes observed in the morphologically normal looking cells are most likely because of an infection with human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV DNA testing was conducted on five additional samples, and SCP accurately differentiated these samples by their HPV status. SCP tracks biochemical variations in cells that are consistent with the onset of disease. HPV has been implicated as the cause of these changes detected spectroscopically. SCP does not depend on identifying the sparse number of morphologically abnormal cells within a large sample to make an accurate classification, as does conventional cytopathology. These findings suggest that the detection of cellular biochemical variations by SCP can serve as a new enhancing screening method that can identify earlier stages of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer M Schubert
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Miljković M, Chernenko T, Romeo MJ, Bird B, Matthäus C, Diem M. Label-free imaging of human cells: algorithms for image reconstruction of Raman hyperspectral datasets. Analyst 2010; 135:2002-13. [DOI: 10.1039/c0an00042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Diem M, Papamarkakis K, Schubert J, Bird B, Romeo MJ, Miljković M. The infrared spectral signatures of disease: extracting the distinguishing spectral features between normal and diseased states. Appl Spectrosc 2009; 63:307A-318A. [PMID: 19891826 DOI: 10.1366/000370209789806894] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Max Diem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Kaufman DS, Schneider DP, McKay NP, Ammann CM, Bradley RS, Briffa KR, Miller GH, Otto-Bliesner BL, Overpeck JT, Vinther BM, Abbott M, Axford Y, Bird B, Birks HJB, Bjune AE, Briner J, Cook T, Chipman M, Francus P, Gajewski K, Geirsdottir A, Hu FS, Kutchko B, Lamoureux S, Loso M, MacDonald G, Peros M, Porinchu D, Schiff C, Seppa H, Thomas E. Recent Warming Reverses Long-Term Arctic Cooling. Science 2009; 325:1236-9. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1173983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 527] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Bird B, Bedrossian K, Laver N, Miljković M, Romeo MJ, Diem M. Detection of breast micro-metastases in axillary lymph nodes by infrared micro-spectral imaging. Analyst 2009; 134:1067-76. [PMID: 19475131 DOI: 10.1039/b821166c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the ability of infrared micro-spectral imaging, coupled with completely unsupervised methods of multivariate statistical analysis, to accurately reproduce the histological architecture of axillary lymph nodes and detect metastatic breast cancer cells. The acquisition of spectral data from tissue embedded in paraffin provided spectra free of dispersive artefacts that may be observed for infrared microscopic measurements using a 'reflection/absorption' methodology. As a consequence, superior tissue classification and identification of cellular abnormality unattainable for deparaffinised tissue was achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bird
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis (LSpD), Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, 360 Huntington Avenue, Boston, USA.
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Abstract
The first detection of breast cancer micrometastases in lymph nodes by infrared spectral imaging and methods of multivariate analysis is reported. Micrometastases are indicators of early spread of cancer from the organ originally affected by disease, and their detection is of prime importance for the staging and treatment of cancer. Infrared spectral imaging, at a spatial resolution of ca. 10-12 mum, can detect small metastases down to the level of a few cancerous cells. The results presented here add to a rapidly growing database of infrared spectral imaging results for cancer diagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bird
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Melissa Romeo
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nora Laver
- Department of Pathology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Max Diem
- Laboratory for Spectral Diagnosis, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Corresponding author:
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Bird B, Romeo MJ, Diem M, Bedrossian K, Laver N, Naber S. Cytology by Infrared Micro-Spectroscopy: Automatic Distinction of Cell Types in Urinary Cytology. Vib Spectrosc 2008; 48:101-106. [PMID: 19768107 PMCID: PMC2598423 DOI: 10.1016/j.vibspec.2008.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We report microscopically collected infrared spectra of cells found in human urine in an effort to develop automatic methods for bladder cancer screening. Unsupervised multivariate analysis of the observed spectral patterns reveals distinct spectral classes, which correlated very well with visual cytology. Therefore, we believe that spectral analysis of individual cells can aid cytology in rendering reliable diagnoses based on objective measurements and discriminant algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Hurtig Hall, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Melissa J. Romeo
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Hurtig Hall, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Max Diem
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Hurtig Hall, Boston, MA 02115
| | - Kristi Bedrossian
- Department of Pathology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Nora Laver
- Department of Pathology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA 02111
| | - Stephen Naber
- Department of Pathology, New England Medical Center, Tufts University Medical School, Boston, MA 02111
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Bird B, Miljkovic M, Romeo MJ, Smith J, Stone N, George MW, Diem M. Infrared micro-spectral imaging: distinction of tissue types in axillary lymph node histology. BMC Clin Pathol 2008; 8:8. [PMID: 18759967 PMCID: PMC2532687 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6890-8-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2008] [Accepted: 08/29/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Histopathologic evaluation of surgical specimens is a well established technique for disease identification, and has remained relatively unchanged since its clinical introduction. Although it is essential for clinical investigation, histopathologic identification of tissues remains a time consuming and subjective technique, with unsatisfactory levels of inter- and intra-observer discrepancy. A novel approach for histological recognition is to use Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) micro-spectroscopy. This non-destructive optical technique can provide a rapid measurement of sample biochemistry and identify variations that occur between healthy and diseased tissues. The advantage of this method is that it is objective and provides reproducible diagnosis, independent of fatigue, experience and inter-observer variability. Methods We report a method for analysing excised lymph nodes that is based on spectral pathology. In spectral pathology, an unstained (fixed or snap frozen) tissue section is interrogated by a beam of infrared light that samples pixels of 25 μm × 25 μm in size. This beam is rastered over the sample, and up to 100,000 complete infrared spectra are acquired for a given tissue sample. These spectra are subsequently analysed by a diagnostic computer algorithm that is trained by correlating spectral and histopathological features. Results We illustrate the ability of infrared micro-spectral imaging, coupled with completely unsupervised methods of multivariate statistical analysis, to accurately reproduce the histological architecture of axillary lymph nodes. By correlating spectral and histopathological features, a diagnostic algorithm was trained that allowed both accurate and rapid classification of benign and malignant tissues composed within different lymph nodes. This approach was successfully applied to both deparaffinised and frozen tissues and indicates that both intra-operative and more conventional surgical specimens can be diagnosed by this technique. Conclusion This paper provides strong evidence that automated diagnosis by means of infrared micro-spectral imaging is possible. Recent investigations within the author's laboratory upon lymph nodes have also revealed that cancers from different primary tumours provide distinctly different spectral signatures. Thus poorly differentiated and hard-to-determine cases of metastatic invasion, such as micrometastases, may additionally be identified by this technique. Finally, we differentiate benign and malignant tissues composed within axillary lymph nodes by completely automated methods of spectral analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Bird
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, USA.
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Abstract
This chapter presents novel microscopic methods to monitor cell biological processes of live or fixed cells without the use of any dye, stains, or other contrast agent. These methods are based on spectral techniques that detect inherent spectroscopic properties of biochemical constituents of cells, or parts thereof. Two different modalities have been developed for this task. One of them is infrared micro-spectroscopy, in which an average snapshot of a cell's biochemical composition is collected at a spatial resolution of typically 25 mum. This technique, which is extremely sensitive and can collect such a snapshot in fractions of a second, is particularly suited for studying gross biochemical changes. The other technique, Raman microscopy (also known as Raman micro-spectroscopy), is ideally suited to study variations of cellular composition on the scale of subcellular organelles, since its spatial resolution is as good as that of fluorescence microscopy. Both techniques exhibit the fingerprint sensitivity of vibrational spectroscopy toward biochemical composition, and can be used to follow a variety of cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Matthäus
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Sheehy N, Bird B, O'Briain DS, Daly P, Wilson G. Synchronous regression and progression of pulmonary nodules on chest CT in untreated lymphomatoid granulomatosis. Clin Radiol 2004; 59:451-4. [PMID: 15081851 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2003.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N Sheehy
- Department of Radiology, St James's Hospital, James's Street, Dublin 8, Ireland.
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DellaSala DA, Martin A, Spivak R, Schulke T, Bird B, Criley M, van Daalen C, Kreilick J, Brown R, Aplet G. A Citizen's Call for Ecological Forest Restoration: Forest Restoration Principles and Criteria. ECOL RESTOR 2003. [DOI: 10.3368/er.21.1.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Teitelbaum JE, Bird B, Weiss A, Gould L. Low-dose hydrocortisone for chronic fatigue syndrome. JAMA 1999; 281:1887-8; author reply 1888-9. [PMID: 10349885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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Bird B. The infection control nurse's role: a practitioner's view. N Z Nurs J 1981; 74:15-6, 34. [PMID: 6948216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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Abstract
Myoclonus is a phenomenon which cuts through a considerable number of neurological conditions. It occurs in a variety of epileptic conditions (Primary generalized epilepsy, hypsarrhythmia, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, also known as "petit mal variant"), in inborn errors of metabolism (Tay-Sachs disease, forms of ceroid lipofuscinosis), in neurobiochemically still poorly understood forms of degenerative processes such as Essential hereditary myoclonus epilepsy (Lafora-Unverricht-Lundborg), in benign heredo-degenerative disorders (Hartung's syndrome), in CNS infections (SSPE, Jakob-Creutzfeldt disease), in metabolic encephalopathies (renal failure, hypoglycemia), in CNS poisoning, in acute cerebral anoxia and in post-anoxic states. The EEG plays a crucial role in the differential diagnosis of these conditions by the demonstration of a) presence or absence of typical inter-ictal abnormalities, and b) various correlates of the myoclonic ictal event.
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