1
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Ragland JM, Place BJ. A Portable and Reusable Database Infrastructure for Mass Spectrometry, and Its Associated Toolkit (The DIMSpec Project). J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2024. [PMID: 38704738 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.4c00073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Nontargeted analysis (NTA) is a rapidly growing field of techniques that includes the identification of unknown chemical analytes in complex mixtures such as environmental, biological, and food matrices. The use of reference mass spectral databases is a key component of most NTA workflows, providing a high level of confidence for chemical identification when analytical standards are not available, yet effective interlaboratory sharing of research grade spectra remains challenging. The Database Infrastructure for Mass Spectrometry (DIMSpec) project focused on the creation of an open-source toolkit supporting storage and sharing of high-resolution mass spectra with attached sample and methodological metadata. As a demonstration of its utility, the DIMSpec toolkit was used to create a database of curated mass spectra for per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) generated from various sources. While the underlying toolkit is agnostic to analytical targets, this initial release (along with the database schema, mass spectral data, and database tools) should enable PFAS researchers to use these data for their own studies, including the identification of novel PFAS in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jared M Ragland
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Material Measurement Laboratory, Chemical Sciences Division, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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2
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Bangma J, Barry KM, Fisher CM, Genualdi S, Guillette TC, Huset CA, McCord J, Ng B, Place BJ, Reiner JL, Robuck A, Rodowa AE. PFAS ghosts: how to identify, evaluate, and exorcise new and existing analytical interference. Anal Bioanal Chem 2024; 416:1777-1785. [PMID: 38280017 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-024-05125-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2023] [Revised: 12/13/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
With increasing public awareness of PFAS, and their presence in biological and environmental media across the globe, comes a matching increase in the number of PFAS monitoring studies. As more matrices and sample cohorts are examined, there are more opportunities for matrix interferents to appear as PFAS where there are none (i.e., "seeing ghosts"), impacting subsequent reports. Addressing these ghosts is vital for the research community, as proper analytical measurements are necessary for decision-makers to understand the presence, levels, and potential risks associated with PFAS and protect human and environmental health. To date, PFAS interference has been identified in several matrices (e.g., food, shellfish, blood, tissue); however, additional unidentified interferents are likely to be observed as PFAS research continues to expand. Therefore, the aim of this commentary is several fold: (1) to create and support a publicly available dataset of all currently known PFAS analytical interferents, (2) to allow for the expansion of that dataset as more sources of interference are identified, and (3) to advise the wider scientific community on how to both identify and eliminate current or new analytical interference in PFAS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline Bangma
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, USA.
| | | | - Christine M Fisher
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, USA
| | - Susan Genualdi
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, USA
| | | | | | - James McCord
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, US Food and Drug Administration, College Park, USA
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Jessica L Reiner
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
| | - Anna Robuck
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, US Environmental Protection Agency, Durham, USA
| | - Alix E Rodowa
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, USA
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3
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Manz KE, Feerick A, Braun JM, Feng YL, Hall A, Koelmel J, Manzano C, Newton SR, Pennell KD, Place BJ, Godri Pollitt KJ, Prasse C, Young JA. Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA): a review of examining the chemical exposome. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33:524-536. [PMID: 37380877 PMCID: PMC10403360 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00574-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA) are powerful techniques that rely on high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) and computational tools to detect and identify unknown or suspected chemicals in the exposome. Fully understanding the chemical exposome requires characterization of both environmental media and human specimens. As such, we conducted a review to examine the use of different NTA and SSA methods in various exposure media and human samples, including the results and chemicals detected. The literature review was conducted by searching literature databases, such as PubMed and Web of Science, for keywords, such as "non-targeted analysis", "suspect screening analysis" and the exposure media. Sources of human exposure to environmental chemicals discussed in this review include water, air, soil/sediment, dust, and food and consumer products. The use of NTA for exposure discovery in human biospecimen is also reviewed. The chemical space that has been captured using NTA varies by media analyzed and analytical platform. In each media the chemicals that were frequently detected using NTA were: per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and pharmaceuticals in water, pesticides and polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in soil and sediment, volatile and semi-volatile organic compounds in air, flame retardants in dust, plasticizers in consumer products, and plasticizers, pesticides, and halogenated compounds in human samples. Some studies reviewed herein used both liquid chromatography (LC) and gas chromatography (GC) HRMS to increase the detected chemical space (16%); however, the majority (51%) only used LC-HRMS and fewer used GC-HRMS (32%). Finally, we identify knowledge and technology gaps that must be overcome to fully assess potential chemical exposures using NTA. Understanding the chemical space is essential to identifying and prioritizing gaps in our understanding of exposure sources and prior exposures. IMPACT STATEMENT: This review examines the results and chemicals detected by analyzing exposure media and human samples using high-resolution mass spectrometry based non-targeted analysis (NTA) and suspect screening analysis (SSA).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine E Manz
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA.
| | - Anna Feerick
- Agricultural & Environmental Chemistry Graduate Group, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
| | - Joseph M Braun
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Hall
- Department of Epidemiology, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jeremy Koelmel
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carlos Manzano
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Chile, Santiago, RM, Chile
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Seth R Newton
- Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Kurt D Pennell
- School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Krystal J Godri Pollitt
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, 06520, USA
| | - Carsten Prasse
- Department of Environmental Health & Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Risk Sciences and Public Policy Institute, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joshua A Young
- Division of Biology, Chemistry and Materials Science, Office of Science and Engineering Laboratories, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, 20993, USA
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4
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Mouchahoir T, Schiel JE, Rogers R, Heckert A, Place BJ, Ammerman A, Li X, Robinson T, Schmidt B, Chumsae CM, Li X, Manuilov AV, Yan B, Staples GO, Ren D, Veach AJ, Wang D, Yared W, Sosic Z, Wang Y, Zang L, Leone AM, Liu P, Ludwig R, Tao L, Wu W, Cansizoglu A, Hanneman A, Adams GW, Perdivara I, Walker H, Wilson M, Brandenburg A, DeGraan-Weber N, Gotta S, Shambaugh J, Alvarez M, Yu XC, Cao L, Shao C, Mahan A, Nanda H, Nields K, Nightlinger N, Niu B, Wang J, Xu W, Leo G, Sepe N, Liu YH, Patel BA, Richardson D, Wang Y, Tizabi D, Borisov OV, Lu Y, Maynard EL, Gruhler A, Haselmann KF, Krogh TN, Sönksen CP, Letarte S, Shen S, Boggio K, Johnson K, Ni W, Patel H, Ripley D, Rouse JC, Zhang Y, Daniels C, Dawdy A, Friese O, Powers TW, Sperry JB, Woods J, Carlson E, Sen KI, Skilton SJ, Busch M, Lund A, Stapels M, Guo X, Heidelberger S, Kaluarachchi H, McCarthy S, Kim J, Zhen J, Zhou Y, Rogstad S, Wang X, Fang J, Chen W, Yu YQ, Hoogerheide JG, Scott R, Yuan H. Attribute Analytics Performance Metrics from the MAM Consortium Interlaboratory Study. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:1659-1677. [PMID: 36018776 PMCID: PMC9460773 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The multi-attribute method (MAM) was conceived as a single assay to potentially replace multiple single-attribute assays that have long been used in process development and quality control (QC) for protein therapeutics. MAM is rooted in traditional peptide mapping methods; it leverages mass spectrometry (MS) detection for confident identification and quantitation of many types of protein attributes that may be targeted for monitoring. While MAM has been widely explored across the industry, it has yet to gain a strong foothold within QC laboratories as a replacement method for established orthogonal platforms. Members of the MAM consortium recently undertook an interlaboratory study to evaluate the industry-wide status of MAM. Here we present the results of this study as they pertain to the targeted attribute analytics component of MAM, including investigation into the sources of variability between laboratories and comparison of MAM data to orthogonal methods. These results are made available with an eye toward aiding the community in further optimizing the method to enable its more frequent use in the QC environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mouchahoir
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John E. Schiel
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rich Rogers
- Just-Evotech
Biologics, Inc., 401
Terry Ave N., Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Alan Heckert
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Benjamin J. Place
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Aaron Ammerman
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tom Robinson
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Brian Schmidt
- AbbVie, 1000 Gateway
Blvd, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chris M. Chumsae
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Xinbi Li
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Anton V. Manuilov
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Bo Yan
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gregory O. Staples
- Agilent
Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Blvd, Santa Clara, California 95008, United States
| | - Da Ren
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Alexander J. Veach
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Dr, Thousand
Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dongdong Wang
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wael Yared
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Dr, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zoran Sosic
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Li Zang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anthony M. Leone
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Peiran Liu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Li Tao
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Bristol-Myers
Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Ahmet Cansizoglu
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8
Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Andrew Hanneman
- Charles
River Laboratories, 8
Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Greg W. Adams
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Irina Perdivara
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Hunter Walker
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Margo Wilson
- FUJIFILM
Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Ln, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | | | - Nick DeGraan-Weber
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry
Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Stefano Gotta
- Genedata, Margarethenstrasse 38, Basel, 4053, Switzerland
| | - Joe Shambaugh
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry
Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Melissa Alvarez
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - X. Christopher Yu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Li Cao
- GSK, 709
Swedeland Rd, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Chun Shao
- GSK, 709
Swedeland Rd, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Hirsh Nanda
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kristen Nields
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Nancy Nightlinger
- Just-Evotech
Biologics, Inc., 401
Terry Ave N., Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Ben Niu
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United
States
| | - Jihong Wang
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United
States
| | - Wei Xu
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United
States
| | - Gabriella Leo
- EMD Serono an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), 00012, Italy
| | - Nunzio Sepe
- EMD Serono an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma), 00012, Italy
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bhumit A. Patel
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Merck
& Co., Inc.., 2000 Galloping Hill Rd, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniela Tizabi
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute
for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Dr, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Oleg V. Borisov
- Novavax,
Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Yali Lu
- Novavax,
Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Ernest L. Maynard
- Novavax,
Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Letarte
- Pfizer, 375 N Field Dr, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United
States
| | - Sean Shen
- Pfizer, 375 N Field Dr, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United
States
| | - Kristin Boggio
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Keith Johnson
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Wenqin Ni
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Himakshi Patel
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - David Ripley
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Jason C. Rouse
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Rd, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Carly Daniels
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Andrew Dawdy
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Olga Friese
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Thomas W. Powers
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Justin B. Sperry
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Josh Woods
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield
Pkwy West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United
States
| | - Eric Carlson
- Protein
Metrics, Inc., 20863
Stevens Creek Blvd, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - K. Ilker Sen
- Protein
Metrics, Inc., 20863
Stevens Creek Blvd, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - St John Skilton
- Protein
Metrics, Inc., 20863
Stevens Creek Blvd, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - Michelle Busch
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Rd, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Anders Lund
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Rd, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Martha Stapels
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Rd, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K
4V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean McCarthy
- SCIEX, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - John Kim
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Jing Zhen
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Ying Zhou
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- U.S. Food
and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- U.S. Food
and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jing Fang
- Waters, 34 Maple St, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Weibin Chen
- Waters, 34 Maple St, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Ying Qing Yu
- Waters, 34 Maple St, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Scott
- Zoetis, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United
States
| | - Hua Yuan
- Zoetis, 333 Portage St, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United
States
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5
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Place BJ, Ragland JM. Speaking the Same Language: The Need for Accurate and Consistent Reporting of Novel Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances. Environ Sci Technol 2022; 56:10564-10566. [PMID: 35849825 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c04273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Place
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Jared M Ragland
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
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6
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Charbonnet J, McDonough CA, Xiao F, Schwichtenberg T, Cao D, Kaserzon S, Thomas KV, Dewapriya P, Place BJ, Schymanski EL, Field JA, Helbling DE, Higgins CP. Communicating Confidence of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substance Identification via High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. Environ Sci Technol Lett 2022; 9:473-481. [PMID: 35719859 PMCID: PMC9202347 DOI: 10.1021/acs.estlett.2c00206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) are important environmental contaminants, yet relatively few analytical reference standards exist for this class. Nontarget analyses performed by means of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) are increasingly common for the discovery and identification of PFASs in environmental and biological samples. The certainty of PFAS identifications made via HRMS must be communicated through a reliable and harmonized approach. Here, we present a confidence scale along with identification criteria specific to suspect or nontarget analysis of PFASs by means of nontarget HRMS. Confidence levels range from level 1a-"Confirmed by Reference Standard," and level 1b-"Indistinguishable from Reference Standard," to level 5-"Exact Masses of Interest," which are identified by suspect screening or data filtering, two common forms of feature prioritization. This confidence scale is consistent with general criteria for communicating confidence in the identification of small organic molecules by HRMS (e.g., through a match to analytical reference standards, library MS/MS, and/or retention times) but incorporates the specific conventions and tools used in PFAS classification and analysis (e.g., detection of homologous series and specific ranges of mass defects). Our scale clarifies the level of certainty in PFAS identification and, in doing so, facilitates more efficient identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph
A. Charbonnet
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Department
of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Carrie A. McDonough
- Department
of Civil Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, United States
| | - Feng Xiao
- Department
of Civil Engineering, University of North
Dakota, Grand
Forks, North Dakota 58202, United States
| | - Trever Schwichtenberg
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Dunping Cao
- Department
of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Sarit Kaserzon
- Queensland
Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Kevin V. Thomas
- Queensland
Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Pradeep Dewapriya
- Queensland
Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Benjamin J. Place
- National
Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Emma L. Schymanski
- Luxembourg
Centre for Systems Biomedicine (LCSB), University
of Luxembourg, Belvaux 4362, Luxembourg
| | - Jennifer A. Field
- Department
of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon 97331, United States
| | - Damian E. Helbling
- School
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14850, United States
| | - Christopher P. Higgins
- Department
of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, Colorado 80401, United States
- Queensland
Alliance for Environmental Health Sciences (QAEHS), The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
- Phone: 720-984-2116.
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7
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Place BJ, Ulrich EM, Challis JK, Chao A, Du B, Favela K, Feng YL, Fisher CM, Gardinali P, Hood A, Knolhoff AM, McEachran AD, Nason SL, Newton SR, Ng B, Nuñez J, Peter KT, Phillips AL, Quinete N, Renslow R, Sobus JR, Sussman EM, Warth B, Wickramasekara S, Williams AJ. An Introduction to the Benchmarking and Publications for Non-Targeted Analysis Working Group. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16289-16296. [PMID: 34842413 PMCID: PMC8848292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) encompasses a rapidly evolving set of mass spectrometry techniques aimed at characterizing the chemical composition of complex samples, identifying unknown compounds, and/or classifying samples, without prior knowledge regarding the chemical content of the samples. Recent advances in NTA are the result of improved and more accessible instrumentation for data generation and analysis tools for data evaluation and interpretation. As researchers continue to develop NTA approaches in various scientific fields, there is a growing need to identify, disseminate, and adopt community-wide method reporting guidelines. In 2018, NTA researchers formed the Benchmarking and Publications for Non-Targeted Analysis Working Group (BP4NTA) to address this need. Consisting of participants from around the world and representing fields ranging from environmental science and food chemistry to 'omics and toxicology, BP4NTA provides resources addressing a variety of challenges associated with NTA. Thus far, BP4NTA group members have aimed to establish a consensus on NTA-related terms and concepts and to create consistency in reporting practices by providing resources on a public Web site, including consensus definitions, reference content, and lists of available tools. Moving forward, BP4NTA will provide a setting for NTA researchers to continue discussing emerging challenges and contribute to additional harmonization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899,Corresponding author,
| | - Elin M. Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | | | - Alex Chao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, USA 92626
| | - Kristin Favela
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA 78238
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Christine M. Fisher
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA 20740
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Alan Hood
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA 20740
| | | | - Sara L. Nason
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA 06511
| | - Seth R. Newton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Jamie Nuñez
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 99352
| | - Katherine T. Peter
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, USA 29412
| | - Allison L. Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Ryan Renslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 99352
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Eric M. Sussman
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samanthi Wickramasekara
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Antony J. Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
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8
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Mouchahoir T, Schiel JE, Rogers R, Heckert A, Place BJ, Ammerman A, Li X, Robinson T, Schmidt B, Chumsae CM, Li X, Manuilov AV, Yan B, Staples GO, Ren D, Veach AJ, Wang D, Yared W, Sosic Z, Wang Y, Zang L, Leone AM, Liu P, Ludwig R, Tao L, Wu W, Cansizoglu A, Hanneman A, Adams GW, Perdivara I, Walker H, Wilson M, Brandenburg A, DeGraan-Weber N, Gotta S, Shambaugh J, Alvarez M, Yu XC, Cao L, Shao C, Mahan A, Nanda H, Nields K, Nightlinger N, Barysz HM, Jahn M, Niu B, Wang J, Leo G, Sepe N, Liu YH, Patel BA, Richardson D, Wang Y, Tizabi D, Borisov OV, Lu Y, Maynard EL, Gruhler A, Haselmann KF, Krogh TN, Sönksen CP, Letarte S, Shen S, Boggio K, Johnson K, Ni W, Patel H, Ripley D, Rouse JC, Zhang Y, Daniels C, Dawdy A, Friese O, Powers TW, Sperry JB, Woods J, Carlson E, Sen KI, Skilton SJ, Busch M, Lund A, Stapels M, Guo X, Heidelberger S, Kaluarachchi H, McCarthy S, Kim J, Zhen J, Zhou Y, Rogstad S, Wang X, Fang J, Chen W, Yu YQ, Hoogerheide JG, Scott R, Yuan H. New Peak Detection Performance Metrics from the MAM Consortium Interlaboratory Study. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:913-928. [PMID: 33710905 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The Multi-Attribute Method (MAM) Consortium was initially formed as a venue to harmonize best practices, share experiences, and generate innovative methodologies to facilitate widespread integration of the MAM platform, which is an emerging ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry application. Successful implementation of MAM as a purity-indicating assay requires new peak detection (NPD) of potential process- and/or product-related impurities. The NPD interlaboratory study described herein was carried out by the MAM Consortium to report on the industry-wide performance of NPD using predigested samples of the NISTmAb Reference Material 8671. Results from 28 participating laboratories show that the NPD parameters being utilized across the industry are representative of high-resolution MS performance capabilities. Certain elements of NPD, including common sources of variability in the number of new peaks detected, that are critical to the performance of the purity function of MAM were identified in this study and are reported here as a means to further refine the methodology and accelerate adoption into manufacturer-specific protein therapeutic product life cycles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trina Mouchahoir
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - John E Schiel
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Rich Rogers
- Just - Evotech Biologics, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | - Alan Heckert
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
| | - Aaron Ammerman
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Xiaoxiao Li
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Tom Robinson
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Brian Schmidt
- AbbVie, 1500 Seaport Boulevard, Redwood City, California 94063, United States
| | - Chris M Chumsae
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Xinbi Li
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Anton V Manuilov
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Bo Yan
- AbbVie, 100 Research Drive, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, United States
| | - Gregory O Staples
- Agilent Technologies, 5301 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Santa Clara, California 95008, United States
| | - Da Ren
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Alexander J Veach
- Amgen, One Amgen Center Drive, Thousand Oaks, California 91320, United States
| | - Dongdong Wang
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Wael Yared
- BioAnalytix, 790 Memorial Drive, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Zoran Sosic
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Yan Wang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Li Zang
- Biogen, 125 Broadway, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, United States
| | - Anthony M Leone
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Peiran Liu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Richard Ludwig
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Li Tao
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Wei Wu
- Bristol-Myers Squibb, 311 Pennington-Rocky Hill Road, Pennington, New Jersey 08534, United States
| | - Ahmet Cansizoglu
- Charles River Laboratories, 8 Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Andrew Hanneman
- Charles River Laboratories, 8 Henshaw Street, Shrewsbury, Massachusetts 01801, United States
| | - Greg W Adams
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Irina Perdivara
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Hunter Walker
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | - Margo Wilson
- FUJIFILM Diosynth Biotechnologies, 101 J. Morris Commons Lane, Morrisville, North Carolina 27560, United States
| | | | - Nick DeGraan-Weber
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Stefano Gotta
- Genedata, Margarethenstrasse 38, Basel 4053, Switzerland
| | - Joe Shambaugh
- Genedata, 750 Marrett Road, One Cranberry Hill, Lexington, Massachusetts 02421, United States
| | - Melissa Alvarez
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - X Christopher Yu
- Genentech, 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Li Cao
- GSK, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Chun Shao
- GSK, 709 Swedeland Road, King of Prussia, Pennsylvania 19406, United States
| | - Andrew Mahan
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Hirsh Nanda
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Kristen Nields
- Janssen, 1400 McKean Road, Springhouse, Pennsylvania 19477, United States
| | - Nancy Nightlinger
- Just - Evotech Biologics, 401 Terry Avenue N, Seattle, Washington 98109, United States
| | | | - Michael Jahn
- Lonza, Hochbergerstrasse 60 A, Basel 4057, Switzerland
| | - Ben Niu
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Jihong Wang
- AstraZeneca, One MedImmune Way, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Gabriella Leo
- EMD Serono, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma) 00012, Italy
| | - Nunzio Sepe
- EMD Serono, an affiliate of Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, Via Luigi Einaudi 11, Guidonia Montecelio (Roma) 00012, Italy
| | - Yan-Hui Liu
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Bhumit A Patel
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Douglas Richardson
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Merck & Co., Inc., 2000 Galloping Hill Roa, Kenilworth, New Jersey 07033, United States
| | - Daniela Tizabi
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
- Institute for Bioscience and Biotechnology Research, 9600 Gudelsky Drive, Rockville, Maryland 20850, United States
| | - Oleg V Borisov
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Yali Lu
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | - Ernest L Maynard
- Novavax, Inc., 20 Firstfield Road, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20878, United States
| | | | | | | | | | - Simon Letarte
- Pfizer, 375 North Field Drive, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Sean Shen
- Pfizer, 375 North Field Drive, Lake Forest, Illinois 60045, United States
| | - Kristin Boggio
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Keith Johnson
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Wenqin Ni
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Himakshi Patel
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - David Ripley
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Jason C Rouse
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Ying Zhang
- Pfizer, 1 Burtt Road, Andover, Massachusetts 01810, United States
| | - Carly Daniels
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Andrew Dawdy
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Olga Friese
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Thomas W Powers
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Justin B Sperry
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Josh Woods
- Pfizer, 700 Chesterfield Parkway West, Chesterfield, Missouri 63017, United States
| | - Eric Carlson
- Protein Metrics, Inc., 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - K Ilker Sen
- Protein Metrics, Inc., 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - St John Skilton
- Protein Metrics, Inc., 20863 Stevens Creek Boulevard, Cupertino, California 95014, United States
| | - Michelle Busch
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Anders Lund
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Martha Stapels
- Sanofi, 1 The Mountain Road, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - Xu Guo
- SCIEX, 71 Four Valley Drive, Concord, ON L4K 4 V8, Canada
| | | | | | - Sean McCarthy
- SCIEX, 500 Old Connecticut Path, Framingham, Massachusetts 01701, United States
| | - John Kim
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Jing Zhen
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Ying Zhou
- Teva, 145 Brandywine Pkwy, West Chester, Pennsylvania 19380, United States
| | - Sarah Rogstad
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Xiaoshi Wang
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 10903 New Hampshire Ave, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Jing Fang
- Waters, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Weibin Chen
- Waters, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | - Ying Qing Yu
- Waters, 34 Maple Street, Milford, Massachusetts 01757, United States
| | | | - Rebecca Scott
- Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
| | - Hua Yuan
- Zoetis, 333 Portage Street, Kalamazoo, Michigan 49007, United States
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9
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Place BJ. Development of a Data Analysis Tool to Determine the Measurement Variability of Consensus Mass Spectra. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2021; 32:707-715. [PMID: 33591742 PMCID: PMC8409248 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.0c00423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The success of nontargeted analysis often depends on libraries containing reference mass spectra of known chemical compounds; the mass spectra of unknown compounds are compared to these reference mass spectra, leading to a probable compound identity. Typical calculations include the mean measured values for each ion m/z and intensity with no estimation of the variability of the measurement. This study presents a novel tool for the calculation of the variability of a measured mass spectrum, including the various data parameters that can impact the measured variability. Using perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) as the model compound, the variability of measured data-dependent fragmentation mass spectra (ddMS2) was calculated within replicate measurements of a simple solution of PFOA and a complex mixture (house dust extract) containing PFOA. The variability of the measured ddMS2 for PFOA in the solution and house dust extract were similar, with standard deviations about the measured m/z value ranging from m/z 0.00003 to 0.00015 and the standard deviations about the measured relative intensity ranging from 0.0077 to 0.0211 relative intensity units. In addition, the selected parameters for the extraction of ddMS2 from a single analytical run varied between the sample types due to the increased presence of background ions in the house dust extract. Finally, the variability of the ddMS2 spectra for PFOA in both samples was used to calculate a more robust similarity factor, informing the confidence of the identification of unknown compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Place
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards & Technology Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, United States
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10
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Cruz MB, Place BJ, Wood LJ, Urbas A, Wasik A, de Carvalho Rocha WF. A nontargeted approach to determine the authenticity of Ginkgo biloba L. plant materials and dried leaf extracts by liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and chemometrics. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 412:6969-6982. [PMID: 32757063 PMCID: PMC7953348 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-02830-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/17/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The lack of stringent regulations regarding raw materials for herbal supplements used for medicinal purposes has been a constant challenge in the industry. Ginkgo biloba L. leaf extracts attract consumers because of the supposed positive effect on mental performance and memory. Supplements are produced using dried leaf materials and standardized leaf extracts such as EGb 761. Adulteration of Ginkgo biloba L. plants and extracts are becoming more and more common practice due to economically driven motivation from increasing demand in the market and the high cost of raw materials and production. Reinforcement in quality control (QC) to avoid adulterations is necessary to ensure the efficacy of the supplements. In this study, liquid chromatography-high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) was used with principal component analysis (PCA) as an unsupervised exploratory method to analyze, identify, and evaluate the adulterated Ginkgo biloba L. plant materials and dried leaf extracts using the PCA scores and loadings obtained and compound identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryl B Cruz
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Benjamin J Place
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA.
| | - Laura J Wood
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Aaron Urbas
- Chemical Sciences Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD, 20899, USA
| | - Andrzej Wasik
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdańsk University of Technology, 11/12 Narutowicza Street, 80-233, Gdańsk, Poland
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11
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Place BJ. Evaluation of Method-Specific Extraction Variability for the Measurement of Fatty Acids in a Candidate Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula Reference Material. J AOAC Int 2017; 100:814-819. [PMID: 28084194 DOI: 10.5740/jaoacint.16-0356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To address community needs, the National Institute of Standards and Technology has developed a candidate Standard Reference Material (SRM) for infant/adult nutritional formula based on milk and whey protein concentrates with isolated soy protein called SRM 1869 Infant/Adult Nutritional Formula. One major component of this candidate SRM is the fatty acid content. In this study, multiple extraction techniques were evaluated to quantify the fatty acids in this new material. Extraction methods that were based on lipid extraction followed by transesterification resulted in lower mass fraction values for all fatty acids than the values measured by methods utilizing in situ transesterification followed by fatty acid methyl ester extraction (ISTE). An ISTE method, based on the identified optimal parameters, was used to determine the fatty acid content of the new infant/adult nutritional formula reference material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Chemical Sciences Division, 100 Bureau Dr, Gaithersburg, MD 20899
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12
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Easley RA, Place BJ. Mass Spectra of Sulfonephthalein pH Indicator Dyes and Their Impurities. J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol 2017; 122:1-3. [PMID: 34877082 PMCID: PMC7339535 DOI: 10.6028/jres.122.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2017] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Sulfonephthalein pH indicator dyes have historically been noted for impurities originating from the synthesis process, which lead to batch to batch differences in pH measurements. Uncertainties up to 0.1 pH units have been attributed to impurities in these reagents. In an effort to understand the extent of impurities in these dyes and the potential impact on the expanded uncertainty of spectrophotometric pH measurements, we have examined seven commercially available sulfonephthalein pH indicators using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS): bromocresol green (BCG), bromocresol purple (BCP), bromothymol blue (BTB), cresol red (CR), meta-cresol purple (MCP), phenol red (PR), and thymol blue (TB). Peaks eluting from the LC were subjected to fragmentation by mass spectrometry. The resulting dataset will aid in efforts to improve the synthesis or purification of these dyes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina A Easley
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
| | - Benjamin J Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA
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13
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Favreau P, Poncioni-Rothlisberger C, Place BJ, Bouchex-Bellomie H, Weber A, Tremp J, Field JA, Kohler M. Multianalyte profiling of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in liquid commercial products. Chemosphere 2017; 171:491-501. [PMID: 28038421 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.11.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The chemical properties of poly- and perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) make them widespread for use in a number of industrial and commercial products to confer water and oil-repellency characteristics and to reduce surface tension e.g. in aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs). Some PFASs, especially perfluoroctane sulfonate, and several perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids, are known to cause significant human and environmental negative impact. Our knowledge on the content of PFASs in products remains scarce due to limited information available, thus impeding any precise assessment of human exposure and environmental release upon use. This study aimed at analyzing a wide variety of liquid products (n = 194) likely to contain PFASs, including impregnating agents, lubricants, cleansers, polishes, AFFFs and other industrial products. By means of LC- and GC-MS/MS analytical techniques, 24 PFASs (from 41 targeted PFASs) were detected and quantified in 55% of samples. PFAS quantification and profiling was found to be consumer product specific. PFASs were mostly detected in AFFF (90%) and impregnating agents (60%) with mainly ionic and neutral species, respectively. In particular, the fluorotelomer alcohols 6:2, 8:2 and 10:2 FTOHs were detected in 40-50% of impregnating agents. Further investigation by Fast Atom Bombardment Mass Spectrometry (FAB-MS) on a set of AFFF samples allowed the characterization of 8 different PFAS classes as major components in these formulations. Results demonstrated that numerous and diversified PFAS are currently used in specific commercial products, implying significant human exposure and environmental release that necessitate further research concerning their toxicological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Favreau
- Department of Environment, Transport and Agriculture, General Direction of Environment, Service of Toxicology of Building Environment, 1211, Geneva 8, Switzerland.
| | - Chantal Poncioni-Rothlisberger
- Department of Environment, Transport and Agriculture, General Direction of Environment, Service of Toxicology of Building Environment, 1211, Geneva 8, Switzerland
| | - Benjamin J Place
- Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Harold Bouchex-Bellomie
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Air Pollution Control and Chemicals Division, CH-3003, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Andreas Weber
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Air Pollution Control and Chemicals Division, CH-3003, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Josef Tremp
- Swiss Federal Office for the Environment (FOEN), Air Pollution Control and Chemicals Division, CH-3003, Berne, Switzerland
| | - Jennifer A Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR, USA
| | - Marcel Kohler
- Department of Environment, Transport and Agriculture, General Direction of Environment, Service of Toxicology of Building Environment, 1211, Geneva 8, Switzerland
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Place BJ, Perkins MJ, Sinclair E, Barsamian AL, Blakemore PR, Field JA. Trace Analysis of Surfactants in Corexit Oil Dispersant Formulations and Seawater. Deep Sea Res 2 Top Stud Oceanogr 2016; 129:273-281. [PMID: 27594772 PMCID: PMC5007063 DOI: 10.1016/j.dsr2.2014.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
After the April 2010 explosion on the Deepwater Horizon oil rig, and subsequent release of millions of barrels of oil, two Corexit oil dispersant formulations were used in unprecedented quantities both on the surface and sub-surface of the Gulf of Mexico. Although the dispersant formulations contain four classes of surfactants, current studies to date focus on the anionic surfactant, bis-(2-ethylhexyl) sulfosuccinate (DOSS). Factors affecting the integrity of environmental and laboratory samples for Corexit analysis have not been systematically investigated. For this reason, a quantitative analytical method was developed for the detection of all four classes of surfactants, as well as the hydrolysis products of DOSS, the enantiomeric mixture of α- and β-ethylhexyl sulfosuccinate (α-/β-EHSS). The analytical method was then used to evaluate which practices for sample collection, storage, and analysis resulted in high quality data. Large volume, direct injection of seawater followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) minimized analytical artifacts, analysis time, and both chemical and solid waste. Concentrations of DOSS in the seawater samples ranged from 71 - 13,000 ng/L, while the nonionic surfactants including Span 80, Tween 80, Tween 85 were detected infrequently (26% of samples) at concentrations from 840 - 9100 ng/L. The enantiomers α-/β-EHSS were detected in seawater, at concentrations from 200 - 1,900 ng/L, and in both Corexit dispersant formulations, indicating α-/β-EHSS were applied to the oil spill and may be not unambiguous indicator of DOSS degradation. Best practices are provided to ensure sample integrity and data quality for environmental monitoring studies and laboratory that require the detection and quantification of Corexit-based surfactants in seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matt J. Perkins
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
| | - Ewan Sinclair
- College of Osteopathic Medicine, Touro University-California, Vallejo, CA
| | | | | | - Jennifer A. Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Corresponding Author Information: Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, 1007 ALS Building, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, , Phone: 541-737-2265, Fax: 541-737-0497
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Place BJ, Morris MJ, Phillips MM, Sander LC, Rimmer CA. Evaluation of the impact of peak description on the quantitative capabilities of comprehensive two-dimensional liquid chromatography. J Chromatogr A 2014; 1368:107-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2014.09.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 07/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Place BJ, Kleber M, Field JA. Extraction of fullerenes from environmental matrices as affected by solvent characteristics and analyte concentration. J Sep Sci 2013; 36:953-8. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2012] [Revised: 11/07/2012] [Accepted: 11/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Markus Kleber
- Department of Crop and Soil Science; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR USA
| | - Jennifer A. Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology; Oregon State University; Corvallis OR USA
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Abstract
Aqueous film-forming foams (AFFFs) are a vital tool to fight large hydrocarbon fires and can be used by public, commercial, and military firefighting organizations. In order to possess these superior firefighting capabilities, AFFFs contain fluorochemical surfactants, of which many of the chemical identities are listed as proprietary. Large-scale controlled (e.g., training activities) and uncontrolled releases of AFFF have resulted in contamination of groundwater. Information on the composition of AFFF formulations is needed to fully define the extent of groundwater contamination, and the first step is to fully define the fluorochemical composition of AFFFs used by the US military. Fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry (FAB-MS) and high resolution quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) were combined to elucidate chemical formulas for the fluorochemicals in AFFF mixtures, and, along with patent-based information, structures were assigned. Sample collection and analysis was focused on AFFFs that have been designated as certified for US military use. Ten different fluorochemical classes were identified in the seven military-certified AFFF formulations and include anionic, cationic, and zwitterionic surfactants with perfluoroalkyl chain lengths ranging from 4 to 12. The environmental implications are discussed, and research needs are identified.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jennifer A. Field
- Department of Environmental and Molecular Toxicology, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR
- Corresponding Author Information: 1007 ALS Building Oregon State University Corvallis, OR 97331 Phone: 541-737-2265
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