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Phillips AL, Peter KT, Sobus JR, Fisher CM, Manzano CA, McEachran AD, Williams AJ, Knolhoff AM, Ulrich EM. Standardizing non-targeted analysis reporting to advance exposure science and environmental epidemiology. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023; 33:501-504. [PMID: 36813888 PMCID: PMC10631379 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-022-00490-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Phillips
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Christine M Fisher
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Carlos A Manzano
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Faculty of Science, University of Chile, 7750000, Nunoa, RM, Chile
| | | | - Antony J Williams
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ann M Knolhoff
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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Phillips AL, Peter KT, Sobus JR, Fisher CM, Manzano CA, McEachran AD, Williams AJ, Knolhoff AM, Ulrich EM. Publisher Correction: Standardizing non-targeted analysis reporting to advance exposure science and environmental epidemiology. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00557-7. [PMID: 37161058 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00557-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Allison L Phillips
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Corvallis, OR, 97333, USA
| | - Katherine T Peter
- Center for Urban Waters, Tacoma, WA, 98421, USA
- Interdisciplinary Arts and Sciences, University of Washington Tacoma, Tacoma, WA, 98402, USA
| | - Jon R Sobus
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Christine M Fisher
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Carlos A Manzano
- School of Public Health, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
- Faculty of Science, University of Chile, 7750000, Nunoa, RM, Chile
| | | | - Antony J Williams
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA
| | - Ann M Knolhoff
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, NC, 27711, USA.
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Mutebi RR, Ario AR, Nabatanzi M, Kyamwine IB, Wibabara Y, Muwereza P, Eurien D, Kwesiga B, Bulage L, Kabwama SN, Kadobera D, Henderson A, Callahan JH, Croley TR, Knolhoff AM, Mangrum JB, Handy SM, McFarland MA, Sam JLF, Harris JR, Zhu BP. Large outbreak of Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) poisoning due to consumption of contaminated humanitarian relief food: Uganda, March-April 2019. BMC Public Health 2022; 22:623. [PMID: 35354446 PMCID: PMC8969350 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-022-12854-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) contains toxic alkaloids that cause gastrointestinal and central nervous system symptoms when ingested. This can be lethal at high doses. The plant may grow together with leguminous crops, mixing with them during harvesting. On 13 March 2019, more than 200 case-patients were admitted to multiple health centres for acute gastrointestinal and neurologic symptoms. We investigated to determine the cause and magnitude of the outbreak and recommended evidence-based control and prevention measures. Methods We defined a suspected case as sudden onset of confusion, dizziness, convulsions, hallucinations, diarrhoea, or vomiting with no other medically plausible explanations in a resident of Napak or Amudat District from 1 March—30 April 2019. We reviewed medical records and canvassed all villages of the eight affected subcounties to identify cases. In a retrospective cohort study conducted in 17 villages that reported the earliest cases, we interviewed 211 residents about dietary history during 11–15 March. We used modified Poisson regression to assess suspected food exposures. Food samples underwent chemical (heavy metals, chemical contaminants, and toxins), proteomic, DNA, and microbiological testing in one national and three international laboratories. Results We identified 293 suspected cases; five (1.7%) died. Symptoms included confusion (62%), dizziness (38%), diarrhoea (22%), nausea/vomiting (18%), convulsions (12%), and hallucinations (8%). The outbreak started on 12 March, 2–12 h after Batch X of fortified corn-soy blend (CSB +) was distributed. In the retrospective cohort study, 66% of 134 persons who ate CSB + , compared with 2.2% of 75 who did not developed illness (RRadj = 22, 95% CI = 6.0–81). Samples of Batch X distributed 11–15 March contained 14 tropane alkaloids, including atropine (25-50 ppm) and scopolamine (1-10 ppm). Proteins of Solanaceae seeds and Jimsonweed DNA were identified. No other significant laboratory findings were observed. Conclusion This was the largest documented outbreak caused by food contamination with tropane alkaloids. Implicated food was immediately withdrawn. Routine food safety and quality checks could prevent future outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronald R Mutebi
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.
| | - Alex R Ario
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda.,Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Maureen Nabatanzi
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Irene B Kyamwine
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Yvette Wibabara
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Peter Muwereza
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daniel Eurien
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Benon Kwesiga
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Lilian Bulage
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Steven N Kabwama
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Daniel Kadobera
- Uganda Public Health Fellowship Program, Ministry of Health, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Alden Henderson
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - John H Callahan
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Timothy R Croley
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Ann M Knolhoff
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - John B Mangrum
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Sara M Handy
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Melinda A McFarland
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer L Fong Sam
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, College Park, MD, USA
| | - Julie R Harris
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Bao-Ping Zhu
- Division of Global Health Protection, Center for Global Health, US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA.,US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Kampala, Uganda
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Place BJ, Ulrich EM, Challis JK, Chao A, Du B, Favela K, Feng YL, Fisher CM, Gardinali P, Hood A, Knolhoff AM, McEachran AD, Nason SL, Newton SR, Ng B, Nuñez J, Peter KT, Phillips AL, Quinete N, Renslow R, Sobus JR, Sussman EM, Warth B, Wickramasekara S, Williams AJ. An Introduction to the Benchmarking and Publications for Non-Targeted Analysis Working Group. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16289-16296. [PMID: 34842413 PMCID: PMC8848292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) encompasses a rapidly evolving set of mass spectrometry techniques aimed at characterizing the chemical composition of complex samples, identifying unknown compounds, and/or classifying samples, without prior knowledge regarding the chemical content of the samples. Recent advances in NTA are the result of improved and more accessible instrumentation for data generation and analysis tools for data evaluation and interpretation. As researchers continue to develop NTA approaches in various scientific fields, there is a growing need to identify, disseminate, and adopt community-wide method reporting guidelines. In 2018, NTA researchers formed the Benchmarking and Publications for Non-Targeted Analysis Working Group (BP4NTA) to address this need. Consisting of participants from around the world and representing fields ranging from environmental science and food chemistry to 'omics and toxicology, BP4NTA provides resources addressing a variety of challenges associated with NTA. Thus far, BP4NTA group members have aimed to establish a consensus on NTA-related terms and concepts and to create consistency in reporting practices by providing resources on a public Web site, including consensus definitions, reference content, and lists of available tools. Moving forward, BP4NTA will provide a setting for NTA researchers to continue discussing emerging challenges and contribute to additional harmonization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899,Corresponding author,
| | - Elin M. Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | | | - Alex Chao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, USA 92626
| | - Kristin Favela
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA 78238
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Christine M. Fisher
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA 20740
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Alan Hood
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA 20740
| | | | - Sara L. Nason
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA 06511
| | - Seth R. Newton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Jamie Nuñez
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 99352
| | - Katherine T. Peter
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, USA 29412
| | - Allison L. Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Ryan Renslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 99352
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Eric M. Sussman
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samanthi Wickramasekara
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Antony J. Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
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5
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Peter KT, Phillips AL, Knolhoff AM, Gardinali PR, Manzano CA, Miller KE, Pristner M, Sabourin L, Sumarah MW, Warth B, Sobus JR. Nontargeted Analysis Study Reporting Tool: A Framework to Improve Research Transparency and Reproducibility. Anal Chem 2021; 93:13870-13879. [PMID: 34618419 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) workflows using mass spectrometry are gaining popularity in many disciplines, but universally accepted reporting standards are nonexistent. Current guidance addresses limited elements of NTA reporting-most notably, identification confidence-and is insufficient to ensure scientific transparency and reproducibility given the complexity of these methods. This lack of reporting standards hinders researchers' development of thorough study protocols and reviewers' ability to efficiently assess grant and manuscript submissions. To overcome these challenges, we developed the NTA Study Reporting Tool (SRT), an easy-to-use, interdisciplinary framework for comprehensive NTA methods and results reporting. Eleven NTA practitioners reviewed eight published articles covering environmental, food, and health-based exposomic applications with the SRT. Overall, our analysis demonstrated that the SRT provides a valid structure to guide study design and manuscript writing, as well as to evaluate NTA reporting quality. Scores self-assigned by authors fell within the range of peer-reviewer scores, indicating that SRT use for self-evaluation will strengthen reporting practices. The results also highlighted NTA reporting areas that need immediate improvement, such as analytical sequence and quality assurance/quality control information. Although scores intentionally do not correspond to data/results quality, widespread implementation of the SRT could improve study design and standardize reporting practices, ultimately leading to broader use and acceptance of NTA data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine T Peter
- U.S. National Institute of Standards and Technology, 331 Fort Johnson Road, Charleston, South Carolina 29412, United States
| | - Allison L Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Ann M Knolhoff
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, HFS-707, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Piero R Gardinali
- Institute of Environment and Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
| | - Carlos A Manzano
- Faculty of Science, University of Chile, 3425 Las Palmeras, 7750000 Nunoa RM, Chile.,School of Public Health, San Diego State University, 5500 Campanile Drive, San Diego, California 92182, United States
| | - Kelsey E Miller
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Manuel Pristner
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Street 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lyne Sabourin
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Mark W Sumarah
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 1391 Sandford Street, London, Ontario N5V 4T3, Canada
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Street 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jon R Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 109 TW Alexander Drive, Research Triangle Park, Durham, North Carolina 27709, United States
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Knolhoff AM, Premo JH, Fisher CM. A Proposed Quality Control Standard Mixture and Its Uses for Evaluating Nontargeted and Suspect Screening LC/HR-MS Method Performance. Anal Chem 2020; 93:1596-1603. [PMID: 33274925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c04036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Nontargeted (NTA) and suspect screening analyses (SSA) aim to detect and identify unknown compounds of interest from a given sample. The complexity and diversity of NTA and SSA methodologies necessitate the use of a comprehensive quality control standard mixture to determine if methods are fit for purpose, but to our knowledge, such a standard has not been developed that can be used by multiple disciplines, nor is one readily available. This work describes the development and analysis of a proposed nontargeted standard/quality control mixture for NTA and SSA applications using liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-high resolution-mass spectrometry. Considerations in its development included achieving diversity of compounds with respect to elemental composition, molecular weight, retention time, and ionization in positive and/or negative ion modes, which resulted in the inclusion of 89 compounds. The utility of the standard mixture was applied on our own NTA and SSA workflows where sample preparation efficiency and potential sources of error due to instrumental and data processing methods were evaluated. Some areas in need of improvement were identified, such as hydrophilic compound detection and molecular formula generation for compounds containing fluorine. However, our overall methodology was found to be fit for purpose and we were able to establish thresholds to increase reliability and throughput of reported results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jacob H Premo
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Christine M Fisher
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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7
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Knolhoff AM, Fisher CM. Strategies for data reduction in non-targeted screening analysis: The impact of sample variability for food safety applications. Food Chem 2020; 350:128540. [PMID: 33514480 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
While analytical methods targeting specific compounds are critical for food safety, analytes excluded from the targeted list will not be identified. Non-targeted analyses (NTA) using LC/HR-MS complement these approaches by producing information-rich data sets where molecular formula can be generated for each detected compound; however, data mining can be labor intensive. Thus, we examined different NTA approaches to reduce the number of compounds needing further investigation, without relying on a suspect list or MS/MS database, both in single ingredient foods (i.e., oats) and more complex, oat-containing samples. We investigated inherent sample variability and utilized this information to build in-house databases for removing food compounds from sample data. While food databases were useful for data reduction, differential analysis was the most promising approach for single ingredient foods because it substantially reduced the number of features while retaining spiked QC compounds; however, a combination of approaches was necessary with greater sample complexity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
| | - Christine M Fisher
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5001 Campus Drive, College Park, MD 20740, United States
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8
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Knolhoff AM, Kneapler CN, Croley TR. Optimized chemical coverage and data quality for non-targeted screening applications using liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2019; 1066:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2019.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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9
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Cao GJ, Fisher CM, Jiang X, Chong Y, Zhang H, Guo H, Zhang Q, Zheng J, Knolhoff AM, Croley TR, Yin JJ. Platinum nanoparticles: an avenue for enhancing the release of nitric oxide from S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine and S-nitrosoglutathione. Nanoscale 2018; 10:11176-11185. [PMID: 29873378 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr03874k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an endogenous bioregulator with established roles in diverse fields. The difficulty in the modulation of NO release is still a significant obstacle to achieving successful clinical applications. We report herein our initial work using electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy to detect NO generated from S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) and S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) donors catalyzed by platinum nanoparticles (Pt NPs, 3 nm) under physiological conditions. With ESR spectroscopy coupled with spin trapping and spin labeling techniques, we identified that Pt NPs can significantly promote the generation of NO from SNAP and GSNO under physiological conditions. A classic NO colorimetric detection kit was also employed to verify that Pt NPs truly triggered the release of NO from its donors. Pt NPs can act as promising delivery vehicles for on-demand NO delivery based on time and dosage. These results, along with the detection of the resulting disulfide product, were confirmed with mass spectrometry. In addition, cellular experiments provided a convincing demonstration that the triggered release of NO from its donors by Pt NPs is efficient in killing human cancer cells in vitro. The catalytic mechanism was elucidated by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy (XPS) and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-HRMS), which suggested that Pt-S bond formation occurs in the solution of Pt NPs and NO donors. Identification of Pt NPs capable of generating NO from S-nitrosothiols (RSNOs) is an important step in harnessing NO for investigations into its clinical applications and therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gao-Juan Cao
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350002, China
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10
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra M. Tallent
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition; 5100 Paint Branch Parkway College Park MD 20740
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Jennifer M. Hait
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Reginald W. Bennett
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Thomas S. Hammack
- Division of Microbiology, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740
| | - Timothy R. Croley
- Division of Analytical Chemistry, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740
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11
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Knolhoff AM, Zweigenbaum JA, Croley TR. Nontargeted Screening of Food Matrices: Development of a Chemometric Software Strategy To Identify Unknowns in Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry Data. Anal Chem 2016; 88:3617-23. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ann M. Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for
Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
| | - Jerry A. Zweigenbaum
- Agilent Technologies, Inc., 2850
Centerville Road, Wilmington, Delaware 19808, United States
| | - Timothy R. Croley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for
Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, Maryland 20740, United States
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12
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Hamade AK, Deglin SE, McLaughlin JB, Deeds JR, Handy SM, Knolhoff AM. Suspected Palytoxin Inhalation Exposures Associated with Zoanthid Corals in Aquarium Shops and Homes - Alaska, 2012-2014. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2015; 64:852-5. [PMID: 26270061 PMCID: PMC4584591 DOI: 10.15585/mmwr.mm6431a4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
On August 12, 2014, an Anchorage hospital notified the Alaska Section of Epidemiology (SOE) that a middle-aged male resident of Anchorage (patient A) had arrived in the emergency department with possible palytoxin exposure. Patient A complained of a bitter metallic taste, fever, weakness, cough, and muscle pain 7-8 hours after introduction of live zoanthid coral into his home aquarium. Palytoxin, a potent toxin known to produce the reported effects, is contained in zoanthid marine corals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali K. Hamade
- Section of Epidemiology, Division of Public Health, State of Alaska
- Corresponding author: Ali Hamade,
| | | | | | - Jonathan R. Deeds
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
| | - Sara M. Handy
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
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Knolhoff AM, Zheng J, McFarland MA, Luo Y, Callahan JH, Brown EW, Croley TR. Identification and Structural Characterization of Naturally-Occurring Broad-Spectrum Cyclic Antibiotics Isolated from Paenibacillus. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2015; 26:1768-1779. [PMID: 26250559 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-015-1190-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The rise of antimicrobial resistance necessitates the discovery and/or production of novel antibiotics. Isolated strains of Paenibacillus alvei were previously shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity against a number of pathogens, such as E. coli, Salmonella, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). The responsible antimicrobial compounds were isolated from these Paenibacillus strains and a combination of low and high resolution mass spectrometry with multiple-stage tandem mass spectrometry was used for identification. A group of closely related cyclic lipopeptides was identified, differing primarily by fatty acid chain length and one of two possible amino acid substitutions. Variation in the fatty acid length resulted in mass differences of 14 Da and yielded groups of related MS(n) spectra. Despite the inherent complexity of MS/MS spectra of cyclic compounds, straightforward analysis of these spectra was accomplished by determining differences in complementary product ion series between compounds that differ in molecular weight by 14 Da. The primary peptide sequence assignment was confirmed through genome mining; the combination of these analytical tools represents a workflow that can be used for the identification of complex antibiotics. The compounds also share amino acid sequence similarity to a previously identified broad-spectrum antibiotic isolated from Paenibacillus. The presence of such a wide distribution of related compounds produced by the same organism represents a novel class of broad-spectrum antibiotic compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA.
| | - Jie Zheng
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Melinda A McFarland
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Yan Luo
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - John H Callahan
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Eric W Brown
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
| | - Timothy R Croley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy, College Park, MD, 20740, USA
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14
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Knolhoff AM, Croley TR. Non-targeted screening approaches for contaminants and adulterants in food using liquid chromatography hyphenated to high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1428:86-96. [PMID: 26372444 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.08.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The majority of analytical methods for food safety monitor the presence of a specific compound or defined set of compounds. Non-targeted screening methods are complementary to these approaches by detecting and identifying unexpected compounds present in food matrices that may be harmful to public health. However, the development and implementation of generalized non-targeted screening workflows are particularly challenging, especially for food matrices due to inherent sample complexity and diversity and a large analyte concentration range. One approach that can be implemented is liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution mass spectrometry, which serves to reduce this complexity and is capable of generating molecular formulae for compounds of interest. Current capabilities, strategies, and challenges will be reviewed for sample preparation, mass spectrometry, chromatography, and data processing workflows. Considerations to increase the accuracy and speed of identifying unknown molecular species will also be addressed, including suggestions for achieving sufficient data quality for non-targeted screening applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, United States.
| | - Timothy R Croley
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, 5100 Paint Branch Parkway, College Park, MD 20740, United States
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15
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Knolhoff AM, Callahan JH, Croley TR. Mass accuracy and isotopic abundance measurements for HR-MS instrumentation: capabilities for non-targeted analyses. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2014; 25:1285-1294. [PMID: 24729191 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-014-0880-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The development of automated non-targeted workflows for small molecule analyses is highly desirable in many areas of research and diagnostics. Sufficient mass and chromatographic resolution is necessary for the detectability of compounds and subsequent componentization and interpretation of ions. The mass accuracy and relative isotopic abundance are critical in correct molecular formulae generation for unknown compounds. While high-resolution instrumentation provides accurate mass information, sample complexity can greatly influence data quality and the measurement of compounds of interest. Two high-resolution instruments, an Orbitrap and a Q-TOF, were evaluated for mass accuracy and relative isotopic abundance with various concentrations of a standard mixture in four complex sample matrices. The overall average ± standard deviation of the mass accuracy was 1.06 ± 0.76 ppm and 1.62 ± 1.88 ppm for the Orbitrap and the Q-TOF, respectively; however, individual measurements were ± 5 ppm for the Orbitrap and greater than 10 ppm for the Q-TOF. Relative isotopic abundance measurements for A + 1 were within 5% of the theoretical value if the intensity of the monoisotopic peak was greater than 1E7 for the Orbitrap and 1E5 for the Q-TOF, where an increase in error is observed with a decrease in intensity. Furthermore, complicating factors were found in the data that would impact automated data analysis strategies, including coeluting species that interfere with detectability and relative isotopic abundance measurements. The implications of these findings will be discussed with an emphasis on reasonable expectations from these instruments, guidelines for experimental workflows, data analysis considerations, and software design for non-targeted analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, HFS-707, College Park, MD, 20740, USA,
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16
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Knolhoff AM, Nautiyal KM, Nemes P, Kalachikov S, Morozova I, Silver R, Sweedler JV. Combining small-volume metabolomic and transcriptomic approaches for assessing brain chemistry. Anal Chem 2013; 85:3136-43. [PMID: 23409944 PMCID: PMC3605826 DOI: 10.1021/ac3032959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
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The integration of disparate data
types provides a more complete
picture of complex biological systems. Here we combine small-volume
metabolomic and transcriptomic platforms to determine subtle chemical
changes and to link metabolites and genes to biochemical pathways.
Capillary electrophoresis–mass spectrometry (CE–MS)
and whole-genome gene expression arrays, aided by integrative pathway
analysis, were utilized to survey metabolomic/transcriptomic hippocampal
neurochemistry. We measured changes in individual hippocampi from
the mast cell mutant mouse strain, C57BL/6 KitW-sh/W-sh. These mice have a
naturally occurring mutation in the white spotting locus that causes
reduced c-Kit receptor expression and an inability of mast cells to
differentiate from their hematopoietic progenitors. Compared with
their littermates, the mast cell-deficient mice have profound deficits
in spatial learning, memory, and neurogenesis. A total of 18 distinct
metabolites were identified in the hippocampus that discriminated
between the C57BL/6 KitW-sh/W-sh and control mice. The combined analysis of metabolite and
gene expression changes revealed a number of altered pathways. Importantly,
results from both platforms indicated that multiple pathways are impacted,
including amino acid metabolism, increasing the confidence in each
approach. Because the CE–MS and expression profiling are both
amenable to small-volume analysis, this integrated analysis is applicable
to a range of volume-limited biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann M Knolhoff
- Department of Chemistry and the Beckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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17
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Nemes P, Knolhoff AM, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Single-cell metabolomics: changes in the metabolome of freshly isolated and cultured neurons. ACS Chem Neurosci 2012; 3:782-92. [PMID: 23077722 PMCID: PMC3474288 DOI: 10.1021/cn300100u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 08/24/2012] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
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Metabolites are involved in a diverse range of intracellular
processes,
including a cell’s response to a changing extracellular environment.
Using single-cell capillary electrophoresis coupled to electrospray
ionization mass spectrometry, we investigated how placing individual
identified neurons in culture affects their metabolic profile. First,
glycerol-based cell stabilization was evaluated using metacerebral
neurons from Aplysia californica; the
measurement error was reduced from ∼24% relative standard deviation
to ∼6% for glycerol-stabilized cells compared to those isolated
without glycerol stabilization. In order to determine the changes
induced by culturing, 14 freshly isolated and 11 overnight-cultured
neurons of two metabolically distinct cell types from A. californica, the B1 and B2 buccal neurons, were
characterized. Of the more than 300 distinctive cell-related signals
detected, 35 compounds were selected for their known biological roles
and compared among each measured cell. Unsupervised multivariate and
statistical analysis revealed robust metabolic differences between
these two identified neuron types. We then compared the changes induced
by overnight culturing; metabolite concentrations were distinct for
26 compounds in the cultured B1 cells. In contrast, culturing had
less influence on the metabolic profile of the B2 neurons, with only
five compounds changing significantly. As a result of these culturing-induced
changes, the metabolic composition of the B1 neurons became indistinguishable
from the cultured B2 cells. This observation suggests that the two
cell types differentially regulate their in vivo or in vitro metabolomes in response to a changing environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews
Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews
Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews
Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana−Champaign, 600 South Mathews
Avenue, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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18
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Yin P, Knolhoff AM, Rosenberg HJ, Millet LJ, Gillette MU, Sweedler JV. Peptidomic analyses of mouse astrocytic cell lines and rat primary cultured astrocytes. J Proteome Res 2012; 11:3965-73. [PMID: 22742998 DOI: 10.1021/pr201066t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Astrocytes play an active role in the modulation of synaptic transmission by releasing cell-cell signaling molecules in response to various stimuli that evoke a Ca2+ increase. We expand on recent studies of astrocyte intracellular and secreted proteins by examining the astrocyte peptidome in mouse astrocytic cell lines and rat primary cultured astrocytes, as well as those peptides secreted from mouse astrocytic cell lines in response to Ca2+-dependent stimulations. We identified 57 peptides derived from 24 proteins with LC-MS/MS and CE-MS/MS in the astrocytes. Among the secreted peptides, four peptides derived from elongation factor 1, macrophage migration inhibitory factor, peroxiredoxin-5, and galectin-1 were putatively identified by mass-matching to peptides confirmed to be found in astrocytes. Other peptides in the secretion study were mass-matched to those found in prior peptidomics analyses on mouse brain tissue. Complex peptide profiles were observed after stimulation, suggesting that astrocytes are actively involved in peptide secretion. Twenty-six peptides were observed in multiple stimulation experiments but not in controls and thus appear to be released in a Ca2+-dependent manner. These results can be used in future investigations to better understand stimulus-dependent mechanisms of astrocyte peptide secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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19
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Nemes P, Knolhoff AM, Rubakhin SS, Sweedler JV. Metabolic differentiation of neuronal phenotypes by single-cell capillary electrophoresis-electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. Anal Chem 2011; 83:6810-7. [PMID: 21809850 PMCID: PMC3196347 DOI: 10.1021/ac2015855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 114] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell mass spectrometry (MS) is a rapidly emerging field in metabolic investigations. The inherent chemical complexity of most biological samples poses analytical challenges when using MS platforms to measure sample content without prior chemical separation. Here, a single-cell capillary electrophoresis (CE) system was coupled with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS to enable the simultaneous measurement of a vast array of endogenous compounds in over 50 identified and isolated large neurons from the Aplysia californica central nervous system. More than 300 distinct ion signals (m/z values) were detected from a single neuron in the positive ion mode, 140 of which were selected for chemometric data analysis. Metabolic features were evaluated among six different neuron types (B1, B2, left pleural 1 (LPl1), metacerebral cell (MCC), R2, and R15) chosen for their various physiological functions. The results indicated chemical similarities among some neuron types (B1 to B2 and LPl1 to R2) and distinctive features for others (MCC and R15 cells). The quantitative nature of the MS platform allowed the comparison of metabolite levels for specific neurons. The CE-ESI-MS approach for examination of individual nanoliter-volume cells as described herein is readily adaptable to other volume-limited samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Nemes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Stanislav S. Rubakhin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
| | - Jonathan V. Sweedler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 South Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801
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Michael LA, Chenault JA, Miller BR, Knolhoff AM, Nagan MC. Water, Shape Recognition, Salt Bridges, and Cation–Pi Interactions Differentiate Peptide Recognition of the HIV Rev-Responsive Element. J Mol Biol 2009; 392:774-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2009.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2009] [Revised: 07/06/2009] [Accepted: 07/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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