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Ogunbiyi OD, Cappelini LTD, Monem M, Mejias E, George F, Gardinali P, Bagner DM, Quinete N. Innovative non-targeted screening approach using High-resolution mass spectrometry for the screening of organic chemicals and identification of specific tracers of soil and dust exposure in children. J Hazard Mater 2024; 469:134025. [PMID: 38492398 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2024.134025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024]
Abstract
Environmental contamination through direct contact, ingestion and inhalation are common routes of children's exposure to chemicals, in which through indoor and outdoor activities associated with common hand-to-mouth, touching objects, and behavioral tendencies, children can be susceptible and vulnerable to organic contaminants in the environment. The objectives of this study were the screening and identification of a wide range of organic contaminants in indoor dust, soil, food, drinking water, and urine matrices (N = 439), prioritizing chemicals to assess children's environmental exposure, and selection of unique tracers of soil and dust ingestion in young children by non-targeted analysis (NTA) using Q-Exactive Orbitrap followed data processing by the Compound Discoverer (v3.3, SP2). Chemical features were first prioritized based on their predominant abundance (peak area>500,000), detection frequency (in >50% of the samples), available information on their uses and potential toxicological effects. Specific tracers of soil and dust exposure in children were selected in this study including Tripropyl citrate and 4-Dodecylbenzenesulfonic acid. The criteria for selection of the tracers were based on their higher abundance, detection frequency, unique functional uses, measurable amounts in urine (suitable biomarker), and with information on gastrointestinal absorption, metabolism, and excretion, and were further confirmed by authentic standards. We are proposing for the first time suitable unique tracers for dust ingestion by children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
- Instittute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151ST St, Biscayne Bay Campus, Marine Science Building, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | | | - Mymuna Monem
- Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily Mejias
- Instittute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Florence George
- Dept. of Mathematics & Statistics, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Instittute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151ST St, Biscayne Bay Campus, Marine Science Building, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Daniel M Bagner
- Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Phycology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Instittute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151ST St, Biscayne Bay Campus, Marine Science Building, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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Brunelle LD, Batt AL, Chao A, Glassmeyer ST, Quinete N, Alvarez DA, Kolpin DW, Furlong ET, Mills MA, Aga DS. De facto Water Reuse: Investigating the Fate and Transport of Chemicals of Emerging Concern from Wastewater Discharge through Drinking Water Treatment Using Non-targeted Analysis and Suspect Screening. Environ Sci Technol 2024; 58:2468-2478. [PMID: 38252456 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Wastewater is a source for many contaminants of emerging concern (CECs), and surface waters receiving wastewater discharge often serve as source water for downstream drinking water treatment plants. Nontargeted analysis and suspect screening methods were used to characterize chemicals in residence-time-weighted grab samples and companion polar organic chemical integrative samplers (POCIS) collected on three separate hydrologic sampling events along a surface water flow path representative of de facto water reuse. The goal of this work was to examine the fate of CECs along the study flow path as water is transported from wastewater effluent through drinking water treatment. Grab and POCIS samples provided a comparison between residence-time-weighted single-point and integrative sample results. This unique and rigorous study design, coupled with advanced analytical chemistry tools, provided important insights into chemicals found in drinking water and their potential sources, which can be used to help prioritize chemicals for further study. K-means clustering analysis was used to identify patterns in chemical occurrences across both sampling sites and sampling events. Chemical features that occurred frequently or survived drinking water treatment were prioritized for identification, resulting in the probable identification of over 100 CECs in the watershed and 28 CECs in treated drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura D Brunelle
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE) Participant at the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 26 W. Martin Luther King Dr, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
| | - Angela L Batt
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Alex Chao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709, United States
| | - Susan T Glassmeyer
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
| | - David A Alvarez
- U.S. Geological Survey, Columbia Environmental Research Center, Columbia, Missouri 65201, United States
| | - Dana W Kolpin
- U.S. Geological Survey, Central Midwest Water Science Center, Iowa City, Iowa 52240, United States
| | - Edward T Furlong
- U.S. Geological Survey, Strategic Laboratory Services Branch, Laboratory Analytical Services Division, Denver, Colorado 80225, United States
| | - Marc A Mills
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Environmental Solutions and Emergency Response, Cincinnati, Ohio 45268, United States
| | - Diana S Aga
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
- University at Buffalo Research and Education in Energy, Environment and Water (RENEW) Institute, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, United States
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Ogunbiyi OD, Massenat N, Quinete N. Dispersion and stratification of Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface and deep-water profiles: A case study of the Biscayne Bay area. Sci Total Environ 2024; 909:168413. [PMID: 37949131 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/05/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of synthetic chemical compounds known for their persistent, bioaccumulation and toxic characteristics in all environmental compartments. As industrial and domestic applications of PFAS increase, their discharge into water bodies becomes of human and ecological concerns. Our research focuses on providing better understanding on the occurrence, vertical distribution, and dispersion of PFAS in surface and bottom water from inshore and offshore area of Biscayne Bay, Miami, Florida. We screened a total of 30 PFAS from inshore (N = 38) and offshore (N = 48) water samples using a semi-automated solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by instrumental analysis using Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry techniques (LC-MS/MS). Our findings show a general surface-enrichment and depth-depletion pattern from inshore to offshore area. Average ∑PFAS loadings inshore (surface vs bottom; 29.52 ± 15.26 ng/L vs 21.45 ± 7.85 ng/L) is significantly greater than offshore (surface vs bottom; 5.18 ± 2.68 ng/L vs 2.42 ± 2.11 ng/L). PFOS had the highest mean concentration both inshore (6.36 ± 4.23 ng/L) and offshore (0.83 ± 0.87 ng/L). The most frequently detected (D·F > 91 %) PFAS are Perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), Perfluoroheptanoic acid (PFHpA), Perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA), Perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA), Perfluorobutane sulfonic acid (PFBS) and Perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS) in surface water samples. PFOS/PFOA >1 suggests that point sources are the major contribution to PFAS burden in the Biscayne Bay. An innovative Inverse distance weighted interpolation (IDW) special modelling approach was implemented to predict the potential contribution of oceanic current on the dispersion of ∑PFAS loadings in surface and bottom profiles from canals (inshore) to offshore areas. This will provide insights into transport mechanisms of PFAS from source emissions, and risk assessments of potential impacts on human and aquatic life in the Bay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Neumiah Massenat
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Randerath I, Quinete N, Müller JP, Stingl J, Bertram J, Schettgen T, Kraus T, Ziegler P. Partial dechlorination of 2,4,4'-trichlorobiphenyl (PCB 28) mediated by recombinant human CYP1A2. Arch Toxicol 2024; 98:159-163. [PMID: 37917334 PMCID: PMC10761437 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-023-03621-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Isabella Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida, 33181, USA
| | - Julian Peter Müller
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Julia Stingl
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, University Hospital of RWTH, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jens Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany.
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Ogunbiyi OD, Ajiboye TO, Omotola EO, Oladoye PO, Olanrewaju CA, Quinete N. Analytical approaches for screening of per- and poly fluoroalkyl substances in food items: A review of recent advances and improvements. Environ Pollut 2023; 329:121705. [PMID: 37116565 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.121705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Per and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of man-made chemicals characterized by their ubiquitous nature in all environmental compartments which makes them of increasing concern due to their persistence, bioaccumulation, and toxicity (PBT). Several instrumental methodologies and separation techniques have been identified in the literature for the detection and quantification of PFAS in environmental samples. In this review, we have identified and compared common separation techniques adopted for the extraction of PFAS in food items, and analytical methodologies for identification and quantification of PFAS in food items of plant and animal origin, highlighting recent advances in tandem techniques for the high selectivity and separation of PFAS related compounds as well as knowledge gaps and research needs on current analytical methodologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Timothy Oladiran Ajiboye
- Chemistry Department, Nelson Mandela University, University Way, Summerstrand, 6019, Gqeberha, South Africa; Material Science Innovation and Modelling (MaSIM) Research Focus Area, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, North-West University, Mafikeng Campus, Private Bag X2046, Mmabatho, 2735, South Africa
| | | | - Peter Olusakin Oladoye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Clement Ajibade Olanrewaju
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Modesto Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Lemos LS, Angarica LM, Hauser-Davis RA, Quinete N. Cortisol as a Stress Indicator in Fish: Sampling Methods, Analytical Techniques, and Organic Pollutant Exposure Assessments. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2023; 20:6237. [PMID: 37444085 PMCID: PMC10341563 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Cortisol is the main glucocorticoid released during stress responses in most fish and has been employed to investigate different stressors, including organic pollutants. This review discusses shifts in cortisol concentrations and examines different matrix sampling methods (invasive vs. minimally or non-invasive) and the main analytical cortisol determination techniques (immunoassays and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry). Assessments on organic pollutant exposure in fish and associated adverse effects are also discussed. Studies in this regard may aid in identifying organic pollutant toxicological modes of action, mechanistic response, toxicokinetics, and toxicodynamics, as well as pollution sources and associated health risks in fish, ultimately aiding in the development of effective management strategies to mitigate the impacts of organic pollutants on fish populations and their associated ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Soledade Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Leo Moreira Angarica
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz), Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
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Li X, Cui D, Ng B, Ogunbiyi OD, Guerra de Navarro M, Gardinali P, Quinete N. Non-targeted analysis for the screening and semi-quantitative estimates of per-and polyfluoroalkyl substances in water samples from South Florida environments. J Hazard Mater 2023; 452:131224. [PMID: 36948119 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2023.131224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are a group of anthropogenic pollutants that are found ubiquitously in surface and drinking water supplies. Due to their persistent nature, bioaccumulative potential, and significant adverse health effects associated with low concentrations, they pose a concern for human and environmental exposure. With the advances in high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) methods, there has been an increasing number of non-targeted analysis (NTA) approaches that allow for a more comprehensive characterization of total PFAS present in environmental samples. In this study, we have developed and compared NTA workflows based on an online solid phase extraction- liquid chromatography high resolution mass spectrometry (online SPE-LC-HRMS) method followed by data processing using Compound Discoverer and FluoroMatch for the screening of PFAS in drinking waters from populated counties in South Florida, as well as in surface waters from Biscayne Bay, Key west, and Everglades canals. Tap water showed the highest number of PFAS features, indicating a poor removal of these chemicals by water treatment or perhaps the breakdown of PFAS precursors. The high number of PFAS features identified only by CD and FluoroMatch emphasizes the complementary aspects of these data processing methods. A Semi-quantitation method for NTA (qNTA) was proposed using a global calibration curve based on existing native standards and internal standards, in which concentration estimates were determined by a regression-based model and internal standard (IS) response factors. NTA play a crucial role in the identification and prioritization of non-traditionally monitored PFAS, needed for the understanding of the toxicological and environmental impact, which are largely underestimated due to the lack of such information for many PFAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Li
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Danni Cui
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Olutobi Daniel Ogunbiyi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Maria Guerra de Navarro
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Cui D, Cox J, Mejias E, Ng B, Gardinali P, Bagner DM, Quinete N. Evaluating non-targeted analysis methods for chemical characterization of organic contaminants in different matrices to estimate children's exposure. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2023:10.1038/s41370-023-00547-9. [PMID: 37120701 PMCID: PMC10148696 DOI: 10.1038/s41370-023-00547-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children are vulnerable to environmental exposure of contaminants due to their small size, lack of judgement skills, as well as their proximity to dust, soil, and other environmental sources. A better understanding about the types of contaminants that children are exposed to or how their bodies retain or process these compounds is needed. OBJECTIVE In this study, we have implemented and optimized a methodology based on non-targeted analysis (NTA) to characterize chemicals in dust, soil, urine, and in the diet (food and drinking water) of infant populations. METHODS To evaluate potential toxicological concerns associated with chemical exposure, families with children between 6 months and 6 years of age from underrepresented groups were recruited in the greater Miami area. Samples of soil, indoor dust, food, water, and urine were provided by the caregivers, prepared by different techniques (involving online SPE, ASE, USE, QuEChERs), and analyzed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data post-processing was performed using the small molecule structure identification software, Compound Discoverer (CD) 3.3, and identified features were plotted using Kendrick mass defect plot and Van Krevelen diagrams to show unique patterns in different samples and regions of anthropogenic compound classifications. RESULTS The performance of the NTA workflow was evaluated using quality control standards in terms of accuracy, precision, selectivity, and sensitivity, with an average of 98.2%, 20.3%, 98.4% and 71.1%, respectively. Sample preparation was successfully optimized for soil, dust, water, food, and urine. A total of 30, 78, 103, 20 and 265 annotated features were frequently identified (detection frequency >80%) in the food, dust, soil, water, and urine samples, respectively. Common features detected in each matrix were prioritized and classified, providing insight on children's exposure to organic contaminants of concern and their potential toxicities. IMPACT STATEMENT Current methods to assess the ingestion of chemicals by children have limitations and are generally restricted by specific classes of targeted organic contaminants of interest. This study offers an innovative approach using non-targeted analysis for the comprehensive screening of organic contaminants that children are exposed to through dust, soil, and diet (drinking water and food).
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cui
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Joseph Cox
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Emily Mejias
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel M Bagner
- Department of Psychology, Center for Children and Families, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL, USA.
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Ziegler P, Quinete N, Bertram J, Randerath I, Kraus T, Schettgen T. Correspondence on "Machine Learning-Assisted Identification and Quantification of Hydroxylated Metabolites of Polychlorinated Biphenyls in Animal Samples". Environ Sci Technol 2023; 57:6248-6250. [PMID: 37017335 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c00660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - N Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
| | - J Bertram
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - I Randerath
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - T Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Li X, Fatowe M, Lemos L, Quinete N. Spatial distribution of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in waters from Central and South Florida. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:84383-84395. [PMID: 35780268 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21589-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are notoriously persistent pollutants that are found ubiquitously present in aquatic environments. They pose a big threat to aquatic life and human health given the bioaccumulation feature and significant adverse health effects associated. In our previous study, PFAS were found in surface waters from Biscayne Bay and tap waters from the East coast of South Florida, at levels that arouse human health and ecological concerns. Considering that Florida supports millions population as well as treasured, sensitive coastal and wetland ecosystems, we have expanded the PFAS monitoring study on the occurrence, composition, spatial distribution, and potential sources encompassing tap waters from counties on the West coast of South Florida and Central Florida, and surface waters from Tampa Bay, Everglades National Park adjacent canals, Key West, including Biscayne Bay area. A total of 30 PFAS were analyzed based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). PFAS were detected in all tap water (N = 10) and surface water samples (N = 38) with total concentrations up to 169 ng L-1. Higher PFAS concentrations (> 60 ng L-1) are mostly observed from polluted rivers or coastal estuaries in Biscayne Bay, and sites nearby potential points sources (military airbases, wastewater facilities, airports, etc.). Our findings on current PFAS contamination levels from diverse aquatic environments provide additional information for the development of more stringent screening levels that are protective of human health and the environmental resources of Florida, which is ultimately anticipated as scientific understanding of PFAS is rapidly growing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Li
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Morgan Fatowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA
| | - Leila Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
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11
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Lemos L, Gantiva L, Kaylor C, Sanchez A, Quinete N. American oysters as bioindicators of emerging organic contaminants in Florida, United States. Sci Total Environ 2022; 835:155316. [PMID: 35447178 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and phthalate esters (PAEs) are emerging contaminants of higher concern due to their wide industrial and commercial use, toxicity, and potential adverse health effects. In this study, we assessed PFAS and PAEs exposure in American oysters collected in three study sites in Florida, USA. Potential physiological effects of these contaminants were assessed by collecting oyster biometric data, calculating condition indices, and assessing oxidative stress levels in these individuals. Finally, a human health risk assessment was conducted based on the concentrations found in the consumable Tampa Bay (TB) oysters. All PFAS and PAEs compounds assessed in this study were detected in at least one oyster in all study sites. Among all locations, ΣPFAS concentration range was 0.611-134.78 ng·g-1 and ΣPAEs <0.328-1021 ng·g-1. Despite the smaller size of Biscayne Bay (BB) oysters, they displayed the highest concentrations of most of the PFAS and PAEs compounds, which is likely associated with population size, and other sources in the area. Condition index (CI) III was smaller in BB oysters, likely indicating a stressed population. Even though BB oysters were the most affected individuals, Marco Island (MI) oysters displayed the highest levels of lipid peroxidation, which can also be associated with environmental factors and decreased food availability. Conversely, TB oysters exhibited the highest levels of hydrogen peroxide, likely indicating a better defense mechanism in TB oysters compared to MI oysters. The human health risk assessment for TB oysters indicated low risk from PFAS and PAEs exposure, but there is no reference dose for other compounds and the human diet is wider than only oysters. Therefore, the risk of contaminant exposure is likely higher. This study demonstrates the value of integrating data on contaminant exposure and physiological responses of bioindicator specimens to better understand how emerging contaminants are affecting marine wildlife.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leila Lemos
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
| | - Laura Gantiva
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Catherine Kaylor
- Oceanography Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Alessandra Sanchez
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA; Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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12
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Cui D, Ricardo M, Quinete N. A novel report on phthalates levels in Biscayne Bay surface waters and drinking water from South Florida. Mar Pollut Bull 2022; 180:113802. [PMID: 35665653 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In this research, we have developed and validated a modified version of the U.S.EPA method 506 using a liquid-liquid extraction method followed by gas-chromatography mass spectrometry analysis to assess the occurrence and spatial and seasonal variation of six phthalates (di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate-DEHP, dibutyl phthalate-DBP, butyl benzyl phthalate-BBP, diethyl phthalate-DEP, dimethyl phthalate-DMP, and di-n-octyl phthalate-DOP) in surface and tap waters from South Florida, collected during the wet and dry seasons. The most frequently detected phthalate was DEHP, with concentrations up to 1.56 μg/L in surface water. Higher DEHP concentrations were observed in tap water during the wet season, which aligns with the higher temperature during the summer months facilitating leaching from plastic materials. Preliminary ecological and human health risk assessments suggested low hazard risk based on concentrations observed in tap and surface waters, respectively. PAEs could however still constitute a great concern to sensitive marine species, including early stages organisms and coral reefs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danni Cui
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Melissa Ricardo
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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13
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Quinete N, Du B, Furlong E, Place B, Ulrich EM, Anumol T. Advances in Methodology and Applications of Nontargeted Analysis in Environmental Monitoring. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:1115-1116. [PMID: 34767664 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, California, USA
| | | | - Benjamin Place
- National Institute of Standards & Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA
| | - Elin M Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Ng B, Quinete N, Gardinali P. Differential Organic Contaminant Ionization Source Detection and Identification in Environmental Waters by Nontargeted Analysis. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022; 41:1154-1164. [PMID: 34913511 DOI: 10.1002/etc.5268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The development of nontargeted analysis (NTA) methods to assess environmental contaminants of emerging concern, which are not commonly monitored, is paramount, especially when no previous knowledge on the identity of the pollution source is available. We compared complementary ionization techniques, namely electrospray ionization (ESI) and atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI), in the detection and identification of organic contaminants in tap and surface waters from South Florida. Furthermore, the performance of a simple rationalized NTA method was assessed by analyzing 10 complex mixtures as part of the US Environmental Protection Agency's Non-targeted Analysis Collaborative Trial interlaboratory study, where limitations of the NTA approach have been identified (e.g., number of employed databases, false positives). Different water bodies displayed unique chemical features that can be used as chemical fingerprints for source tracking and discrimination. The APCI technique detected at least threefold as many chemical features as ESI in environmental water samples, corroborating the fact that APCI is more energetic and can ionize certain classes of compounds that are traditionally difficult to ionize by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Kendrick mass defect plots and Van Krevelen diagrams were applied to elucidate unique patterns and theoretical chemical space regions of anthropogenic organic compounds belonging to homologous series or similar classes covered by ESI and APCI. Overall, APCI and ESI were established as complementary, expanding the detected NTA chemical space which would otherwise be underestimated by a single ionization source operated in a single polarity setting. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1154-1164. © 2021 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biscayne Bay Campus, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biscayne Bay Campus, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, Florida, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biscayne Bay Campus, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida, USA
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15
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Cooman T, Hoover B, Sauvé B, Bergeron SA, Quinete N, Gardinali P, Arroyo LE. The metabolism of valerylfentanyl using human liver microsomes and zebrafish larvae. Drug Test Anal 2022; 14:1116-1129. [PMID: 35128825 DOI: 10.1002/dta.3233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Valerylfentanyl, a novel synthetic opioid less potent than fentanyl, has been reported in biological samples, but there are limited studies on its pharmacokinetic properties. The goal of this study was to elucidate the metabolism of valerylfentanyl using an in vitro human liver microsome (HLM) model compared with an in vivo zebrafish model. Nineteen metabolites were detected with N-dealkylation-valeryl norfentanyl and hydroxylation as the major metabolic pathways. The major metabolites in HLMs were also detected in 30 day postfertilization zebrafish. An authentic liver specimen that tested positive for valerylfentanyl, among other opioids and stimulants, revealed the presence of a metabolite that shared transitions and retention time as the hydroxylated metabolite of valerylfentanyl but could not be confirmed without an authentic standard. 4-Anilino-N-phenethylpiperidine (4-ANPP), a common metabolite to other fentanyl analogs, was also detected. In this study, we elucidated the metabolic pathway of valerylfentanyl, confirmed two metabolites using standards, and demonstrated that the zebrafish model produced similar metabolites to the HLM model for opioids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Travon Cooman
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Brianna Hoover
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Brianna Sauvé
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Sadie A Bergeron
- Department of Biology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment and Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Luis E Arroyo
- Department of Forensic and Investigative Science, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
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16
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Li X, Fatowe M, Cui D, Quinete N. Assessment of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in Biscayne Bay surface waters and tap waters from South Florida. Sci Total Environ 2022; 806:150393. [PMID: 34562756 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.150393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are persistent anthropogenic pollutants present in many environmental media worldwide due to their extensive uses in many industrial and commercial products combined with their high thermal and chemical stabilities. Its ubiquitous presence in surface and drinking water supply and significant adverse health effects observed in wildlife and humans, associated with its bioaccumulation potential, pose big concerns. In this study, we have developed and validated a semi-automated solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the determination of legacy and emerging short-chain PFAS substitutes in surface and tap water at low parts-per-trillion (ppt) levels in South Florida environments. Surface waters from Biscayne Bay and adjacent canals (n = 15) and tap waters from different counties (Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach County) (n = 21) were collected between October 2020 (wet season) and February 2021 (dry season). Total PFAS concentrations up to 242 ng L-1 (average of 168 ng L-1) were found in tap water from Grapeland Heights, which is the closest location to the Miami international airport that was sampled. The highest average total PFAS level of 106 ng L-1 was observed in surface water from the Biscayne Canal C-8 for the wet and dry season. In general, average total PFAS was higher in tap water (86.3 ng L-1) than in surface waters (46.3 ng L-1), whereas the most predominant and frequently detected PFAS were PFBA, PFBS, PFPeA, PFHxA, PFHxS, PFOA and PFOS. PFAS levels found could represent a high human health risk, and ecological risk based on PFOS levels above recommended thresholds are also noted. Such knowledge on PFAS occurrence, distribution and sources in South Florida will provide essential information for local and regional regulatory agencies related to water quality, further facilitating the development of guidelines and procedures for PFAS pollution control and reduction in Florida.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuerong Li
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Morgan Fatowe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Danni Cui
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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17
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Place BJ, Ulrich EM, Challis JK, Chao A, Du B, Favela K, Feng YL, Fisher CM, Gardinali P, Hood A, Knolhoff AM, McEachran AD, Nason SL, Newton SR, Ng B, Nuñez J, Peter KT, Phillips AL, Quinete N, Renslow R, Sobus JR, Sussman EM, Warth B, Wickramasekara S, Williams AJ. An Introduction to the Benchmarking and Publications for Non-Targeted Analysis Working Group. Anal Chem 2021; 93:16289-16296. [PMID: 34842413 PMCID: PMC8848292 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c02660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Non-targeted analysis (NTA) encompasses a rapidly evolving set of mass spectrometry techniques aimed at characterizing the chemical composition of complex samples, identifying unknown compounds, and/or classifying samples, without prior knowledge regarding the chemical content of the samples. Recent advances in NTA are the result of improved and more accessible instrumentation for data generation and analysis tools for data evaluation and interpretation. As researchers continue to develop NTA approaches in various scientific fields, there is a growing need to identify, disseminate, and adopt community-wide method reporting guidelines. In 2018, NTA researchers formed the Benchmarking and Publications for Non-Targeted Analysis Working Group (BP4NTA) to address this need. Consisting of participants from around the world and representing fields ranging from environmental science and food chemistry to 'omics and toxicology, BP4NTA provides resources addressing a variety of challenges associated with NTA. Thus far, BP4NTA group members have aimed to establish a consensus on NTA-related terms and concepts and to create consistency in reporting practices by providing resources on a public Web site, including consensus definitions, reference content, and lists of available tools. Moving forward, BP4NTA will provide a setting for NTA researchers to continue discussing emerging challenges and contribute to additional harmonization efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin J. Place
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, MD, USA 20899,Corresponding author,
| | - Elin M. Ulrich
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | | | - Alex Chao
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Bowen Du
- Southern California Coastal Water Research Project Authority, Costa Mesa, CA, USA 92626
| | - Kristin Favela
- Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA 78238
| | - Yong-Lai Feng
- Exposure and Biomonitoring Division, Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1A 0K9
| | - Christine M. Fisher
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA 20740
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Alan Hood
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Ann M. Knolhoff
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, College Park, MD, USA 20740
| | | | - Sara L. Nason
- Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station, New Haven, CT, USA 06511
| | - Seth R. Newton
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Jamie Nuñez
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 99352
| | - Katherine T. Peter
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Charleston, SC, USA 29412
| | - Allison L. Phillips
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, North Miami, FL 33181
| | - Ryan Renslow
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, USA 99352
| | - Jon R. Sobus
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
| | - Eric M. Sussman
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Benedikt Warth
- Department of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Samanthi Wickramasekara
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, MD, USA 20993
| | - Antony J. Williams
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, Center for Computational Toxicology and Exposure, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA 27711
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18
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Lugo Charriez K, Soledade Lemos L, Carrazana Y, Rodríguez-Casariego JA, Eirin-Lopez JM, Hauser-Davis RA, Gardinali P, Quinete N. Application of an Improved Chloroform-Free Lipid Extraction Method to Staghorn Coral (Acropora cervicornis) Lipidomics Assessments. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:92-99. [PMID: 33392686 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-03078-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lipids are excellent biomarkers for assessing coral stress, although staghorn coral data (Acropora cervicornis) is lacking. Lipid extraction is the most critical step in lipidomic assessments, usually performed using carcinogenic solvents. Efficient alternative using less toxic methods, such as the BUME method using butanol and methanol as extraction solvents, have not been applied to coral lipidomics evaluations. Thus, we aimed to develop a lipidomic approach to identify important coral health biomarkers by comparing different solvent mixtures in staghorn corals. Total lipid extraction was equivalent for both tested methods, but due to its efficiency in extracting polar lipids, the BUME method was chosen. It was then applied to different coral masses (0.33-1.00 g), resulting in non-significant differences concerning number of lipid classes and compounds. Therefore, this method can be successfully applied to coral assessments in a climate change context, with the added benefit of low sample masses, lessening coral sampling impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yailee Carrazana
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Javier A Rodríguez-Casariego
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Jose M Eirin-Lopez
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Environmental Epigenetics Laboratory, Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Brasil, Rio de Janeiro, Manguinhos, 4365, Brazil
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA.
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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19
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Ng B, Quinete N, Maldonado S, Lugo K, Purrinos J, Briceño H, Gardinali P. Understanding the occurrence and distribution of emerging pollutants and endocrine disruptors in sensitive coastal South Florida Ecosystems. Sci Total Environ 2021; 757:143720. [PMID: 33288250 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.143720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Environmental exposure risk to different xenobiotics, which can potentially alter the function of the endocrine system, remains a great health and safety concern for aquatic species and humans. Steroid hormones, pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) have been identified as important aquatic contaminants due to their widespread occurrence in surface waters and their endocrine disrupting properties. Heavily populated areas in South Florida not served by municipal wastewater collection present an unexpected high risk of anthropogenic contaminants to nearby coastal systems through surface runoff and groundwater flow. Previous studies in South Florida have been largely concentrated on assessing the relevance of the fate and transport of inorganic nutrients, heavy metals and pesticides with regulatory criteria. Therefore, a significant gap exists in assessing occurrence, distribution and biological significance of the presence of human related organic contaminants in natural surface waters. In this study, we have developed a fast and sensitive online solid-phase extraction followed by liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-HRMS) method using a Q-Exactive system for the determination of the occurrence and distribution of selected wastewater tracers/indicators, recalcitrant PPCPs and steroid hormones in South Florida surface waters. Seasonal and spatial variations of these contaminants were monitored from 2017 to 2019. The presence of total coliforms and E. coli were also evaluated in order to further assess water quality. Correlations between hormones and anthropogenic tracers were explored to better elucidate the sources, pathways and exposure risks to these contaminants. Caffeine, sucralose, Diethyl-m-toluamide (DEET) and carbamazepine were frequently detected in the water samples, which is indicative of extensive wastewater intrusion impacting the surface water. Estrone (E1), 17-β-estradiol (E2), and 17-α-ethynylestradiol (EE2) levels found in surface water raises concern of potential endocrine disruption effects in the aquatic ecosystem. Hazard quotient has been calculated to identify areas with high ecological risks to aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ng
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Stephanie Maldonado
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Deparment of Chemistry, Universidad de Puerto Rico, Humacao 00791, Puerto Rico
| | - Kathleen Lugo
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Julian Purrinos
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Henry Briceño
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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20
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Quinete N, Hauser-Davis RA. Drinking water pollutants may affect the immune system: concerns regarding COVID-19 health effects. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2021; 28:1235-1246. [PMID: 33156499 PMCID: PMC7644792 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-11487-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The current coronavirus pandemic is leading to significant impacts on the planet, changing our way of life. Although the COVID-19 virus mechanisms of action and pathogenesis are still under extensive research, immune system effects are evident, leading, in many cases, to respiratory distress. Although apparent pollution reduction has been noticed by the population, environmental and human health impacts due to the increased use of plastic waste and disinfectants is concerning. One of the main routes of human exposure to pollutants is through drinking water. Thus, this point of view discusses some major contaminants in drinking water known to be immunotoxic, exploring sources and drinking water routes and emphasizing the known mechanisms of action that could likely compromise the effective immune response of humans, particularly raising concerns regarding people exposed to the COVID-19 virus. Based on a literature review, metals, plastic components, plasticizers, and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances may display the potential to exacerbate COVID-19 respiratory symptoms, although epidemiological studies are still required to confirm the synergistic effects between these pollutants and the virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Institute of Environment & Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brazil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 21040-360, Brazil
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21
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Quinete N, Hauser-Davis RA, Lemos LS, Moura JF, Siciliano S, Gardinali PR. Occurrence and tissue distribution of organochlorinated compounds and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) from the southeastern coast of Brazil. Sci Total Environ 2020; 749:141473. [PMID: 32836122 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Seabirds are suitable biomonitors for several persistent organic pollutants (POP), such as polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), although scarce studies of PAHs in seabirds are available, especially in South American populations. Therefore, this study aimed to assess OCPs, PCBs and PAHs, through gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses, in liver (n = 9) and muscle tissue (n = 13) from juvenile Magellanic penguins (Spheniscus magellanicus) found stranded on the coast of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. DDT-related compounds were the most frequently detected OCP, and 4,4'-dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (DDE), the main DDT metabolite found in penguin tissues. OCP concentrations in liver were two-fold higher than in muscle tissues. Compound specific ratios identified recent exposure of penguins to some OCPs as well as evidence of legacy pollution associated with industrial sources. The predominant PCB congeners were PCB 8/5, PCB 138/160 and PCB 153/132, with concentrations ranging from <LOQ and 1500 ng g-1 dry weight. This study comprises one of the few PAHs reports in penguin tissues, and, although most compounds were detected at very low levels or below the limit of quantitation (LOQ), the concentrations reported herein were up to 100-fold higher than in previous studies in penguins. Therefore, considering penguin vulnerability to marine oil spills during migration routes, further assessments are required in different tissues in order to assess potential environmental health risks to these sentinel species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA.
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos (GEMM-Lagos), Rua São José 1.260, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ 28970-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Avaliação e Promoção da Saúde Ambiental, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brazil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-360, Brazil
| | - Leila S Lemos
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos (GEMM-Lagos), Rua São José 1.260, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ 28970-000, Brazil; Marine Mammal Institute, Hatfield Marine Science Center, Oregon State University, 2030 SE Marine Science Dr, Newport, OR 97365, USA
| | - Jailson F Moura
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos (GEMM-Lagos), Rua São José 1.260, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ 28970-000, Brazil; Systems Ecology Group, Leibniz Centre for Tropical Marine Research, Fahrenheitstraße 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Grupo de Estudos de Mamíferos Marinhos da Região dos Lagos (GEMM-Lagos), Rua São José 1.260, Praia Seca, Araruama, RJ 28970-000, Brazil; Laboratório de Biodiversidade, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Pavilhão Mourisco sala 217, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Piero R Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA; Institute of Environment and Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Modesto A. Maidique Campus, Miami, FL 33199, USA
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Henderson A, Ng B, Landeweer S, Quinete N, Gardinali P. Assessment of Sucralose, Caffeine and Acetaminophen as Anthropogenic Tracers in Aquatic Systems Across Florida. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2020; 105:351-357. [PMID: 32749513 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02942-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Sucralose is one of the most popular artificial sweeteners worldwide. Due to its high stability, persistence and low removal efficiency in wastewater treatment plants, sucralose has been used as an indicator of wastewater intrusion into aquatic systems. However, its stability has also been a reason for discussion whether sucralose's presence in surface water could indicate a recent anthropogenic input. Caffeine and acetaminophen have been considered as tracers in human impacted aquatic ecosystems and potentially good indicators of recent anthropogenic inputs into the environment due to their short half-lives in water. Here, a novel, high throughput and sensitive method based on online SPE-LC-HRMS for the determination of caffeine, sucralose and acetaminophen was developed and validated for both fresh and seawater samples and applied to environmental water samples to evaluate the efficiency of these compounds as tracers of aquatic pollution. Caffeine and sucralose were detected in > 70% of samples, while acetaminophen was only detected in 3% of samples above the MDL, demonstrating its limited environmental applicability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Autumn Henderson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Brian Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Steven Landeweer
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Piero Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Institute of Environment, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
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Ng B, Quinete N, Gardinali PR. Assessing accuracy, precision and selectivity using quality controls for non-targeted analysis. Sci Total Environ 2020; 713:136568. [PMID: 31955085 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.136568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The benchmarks to assess reproducibility are not well defined for non-target analysis. Parameters to evaluate analytical performance, such as accuracy, precision and selectivity, are well defined for target analysis, but remain elusive for non-target screening analysis. In this study, quality control (QC) guidelines are proposed to assure reliable data in non-target screening methodologies using a simple set of standards. Workflow reproducibility was assessed using an in-house QC mixture containing selected compounds with a wide range of polarity that can be detected either by electrospray ionization (ESI) in positive or negative mode. The analysis was performed by online solid phase extraction (SPE) liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS). Data processing was done by a commercially available software, Compound Discoverer v. 3.0 using an environmental working template, which searched a multitude of databases, including Chemspider, EPA Toxcast, MzCloud among others. We have specifically evaluated method specificity, precision, accuracy and reproducibility in terms of peak area and retention time variability, true positive identification rate, intraday (within days) and interday (consecutive days) variations and the use of QC samples to reduce false positives. The method showed a satisfactory accuracy with an identification rate of ≥70% for most of the QC compounds. Precision estimated based on peak area relative standard deviation (RSD) ranged between 30 and 50% for most of the compounds. Data normalization to a single internal standard did not improve peak area variability. Retention time precision showed great repeatability and reproducibility (RSD ≤ 5%). In addition, a simple model of RT vs log Kow was designed based on our QC mixtures to efficiently reduced false positives by an average of 49.1%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian Ng
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Department of Civil, Construction, and Environmental Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.
| | - Piero R Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America; Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Lavandier R, Arêas J, Quinete N, de Moura JF, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Siciliano S, Hauser-Davis RA, Moreira I. PCB and PBDE contamination in Tursiops truncatus and Stenella frontalis, two data-deficient threatened dolphin species from the Brazilian coast. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2019; 167:485-493. [PMID: 30368142 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.10.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB) and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDE) levels were assessed in the liver and muscle of two data-deficient threatened dolphin species, the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus, n = 4) and the Atlantic spotted dolphin (Stenella frontalis, n = 6), sampled off the Southeastern Brazilian coast. PCB concentrations were greater in liver compared to muscle, with males presenting higher concentrations than females. The three main detected PCB congeners were PCBs 138, 153 and 180. A predominance of hexachlorinated congeners was observed, followed by hepta- and penta-PCBs. For both species, Cl 3 and Cl 4 levels were higher in muscle compared to liver, while Cl 5 to Cl 8 and ∑PCBs were higher in liver. PBDE concentrations were significantly higher in Atlantic spotted dolphin muscle and liver compared to bottlenose dolphins. Similarly to PCBs, the highest PBDE concentrations were observed in males. The presence of PBDE congeners BDE-47, -100 and -99 in the muscle and liver of both species suggests the existence of a pollution source in Brazil by a penta-BDE mixture, as PBDEs have never been produced in Brazil. Interspecific PCB and PBDE profiles were very similar, which may be related to the similar characteristics of the analyzed species, mainly geographic distribution and life and feeding habits. This study furthers knowledge on environmental PCB and PBDE contamination, assisting in the establishment of dolphin population conservation strategies. In addition, this study calls into question the current threshold values established for PCBs and PBDEs, and demonstrates the lack of information and knowledge in this regard for cetaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer Arêas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC) - Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA
| | - Jailson F de Moura
- Systems Ecology Group, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Research (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Rachel Ann Hauser-Davis
- Centro de Estudos da Saúde do Trabalhador e Ecologia Humana (CESTEH), ENSP, FIOCRUZ, Rua Leopoldo Bulhões, 1480, 21041-210 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabel Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
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Vasko T, Hoffmann J, Gostek S, Schettgen T, Quinete N, Preisinger C, Kraus T, Ziegler P. Telomerase gene expression bioassays indicate metabolic activation of genotoxic lower chlorinated polychlorinated biphenyls. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16903. [PMID: 30443001 PMCID: PMC6237825 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-35043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitously occurring pollutants with different chemical and toxicological properties. In this study we evaluated blood plasma samples of two PCB-exposed cohorts for their ability to alter telomerase (hTERT) gene expression. Blood plasma from PCB-exposed individuals inhibited hTERT expression depending solely on the concentration of lower chlorinated PCBs, with the lowest observed adverse effect level (LOAEL) at a plasma concentration between 0.5 and 2 µg/L of LC PCBs. Individual OH-metabolites derived from the WHO indicator congeners PCB 28 and PCB 101 mimicked these effects on hTERT expression in vitro with high toxicity, including DNA damage. However, by the combination of different OH-metabolites, the bio effective PCB concentration was reduced and the respective effects on hTERT expression could be increased. At a concentration which showed no toxic activity in MTT assay, hTERT inhibition reflected the interference of OH-PCBs with the mitochondrial respiratory chain, which could lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). As individual OH-metabolites already showed a much stronger inhibition of hTERT gene expression at a lower concentration than their parental compounds, the hTERT gene expression bioassay described in this study seems to indicate metabolic activation of LC PCBs rather than the mere effect of LC PCBs on their own. In summary, this study provides dose-response linkages between effects of lower chlorinated PCBs and their concentrations in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Vasko
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jenny Hoffmann
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Sonja Gostek
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.,Southeast Environmental Research Center, Florida International University Florida, Florida, USA
| | | | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Institute for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Villar GV, Quinete N, Gardinali PR. Using Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) Pellets to Create an Absorption Model for the Determination of Equilibrium Concentrations of Dissolved Contaminants in the Aquatic Environment. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2018; 101:349-357. [PMID: 30084017 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2410-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) is a polymer material with high absorptive properties increasingly used as a passive environmental sampler for persistent organic compounds. However, the partitioning behavior of hydrophobic chemicals to PDMS remains largely unknown. Organochlorines (OCs) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are ubiquitous environmental pollutants of great concern due to their persistence and potential toxic effects on humans and animals. In this study, the affinity of 20 OCs and 25 PAHs for commercially available PDMS pellets was determined to assess their effectiveness as passive samplers. Experiments were conducted to estimate the absorption rates (k) and equilibrium concentrations, demonstrating that 16 OCs and 21 PAHs were efficiently absorbed by PDMS, while others remained dissolved in water. A model has been proposed to predict dissolved concentrations in water based on the Kow of the compound, suggesting that PDMS is a suitable passive sampler for these compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gilberto Vasconcelos Villar
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA.
- Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, FIU Biscayne Bay Campus, MSB 232, North Miami, FL, 33181, USA.
| | - Piero R Gardinali
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University, University Park, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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28
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Quinete N, Esser A, Kraus T, Schettgen T. PCB 28 metabolites elimination kinetics in human plasma on a real case scenario: Study of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl (OH-PCB) metabolites of PCB 28 in a highly exposed German Cohort. Toxicol Lett 2017; 276:100-107. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Ziegler S, Schettgen T, Beier F, Wilop S, Quinete N, Esser A, Masouleh BK, Ferreira MSV, Vankann L, Uciechowski P, Rink L, Kraus T, Brümmendorf TH, Ziegler P. Accelerated telomere shortening in peripheral blood lymphocytes after occupational polychlorinated biphenyls exposure. Arch Toxicol 2017; 91:289-300. [PMID: 27146145 PMCID: PMC5225163 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1725-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are organochlorine pollutants with a worldwide dissemination. We examined telomere length (TL) in peripheral blood cells of 207 individuals with a high body burden of PCBs due to occupational exposure in a transformer recycling company. Whereas TL in granulocytes was not affected, the age-adjusted TL in lymphocytes (∆TLLymph) of exposed individuals was significantly shorter than expected [-0.77 kb; 95 % confidence interval (CI) -0.9316; -0.6052; p = 0.0001]. PCB exposure did not affect lymphocyte numbers or T cell receptor excision circle (TREC) levels in T cells, suggesting that PCBs cause loss of telomeric DNA in T cells due to their metabolic activation and antigen-stimulated proliferation. In support of this hypothesis, blood plasma levels of PCB-exposed individuals inhibited expression of telomerase, the telomere elongating enzyme in vitro in antigen-specific T cell proliferation assays. 3-OH-CB28, a downstream metabolite of the lower chlorinated PCB-28 in PCB-exposed individuals (mean blood plasma concentration: 0.185 ± 0.68 ng/mL), inhibited telomerase gene expression within 48 h of incubation in lymphoproliferative assays starting at a concentration of 0.27-6.75 µg/mL and accelerated telomere shortening in long-term cell culture experiments. Accelerated telomere shortening due to PCB exposure may lead to limitations of cell renewal and clonal expansion of lymphocyte populations. As PCB-related immune dysfunctions have been linked to increased susceptibility to infectious diseases and increased risk of cancer, our data provide a possible explanation, for how PCBs could promote infections and cancer through limiting immune surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Fabian Beier
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Stefan Wilop
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Andre Esser
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Behzad Kharabi Masouleh
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Monica S V Ferreira
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Lucia Vankann
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Rink
- Institute of Immunology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Tim H Brümmendorf
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Patrick Ziegler
- Department of Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, University Hospital of the RWTH Aachen, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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Quinete N, Esser A, Kraus T, Schettgen T. Determination of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls (OH-PCBs) in human urine in a highly occupationally exposed German cohort: New prospects for urinary biomarkers of PCB exposure. Environ Int 2016; 97:171-179. [PMID: 27622755 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2016] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study evaluates for the first time the determination of 20 hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyl (OH-PCB) congeners and their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates in urine as a biomarker of exposure to PCBs in humans. Thereby, a fast, sensitive and selective online solid phase extraction (SPE) method coupled to LC-MS/MS was validated for the determination of OH-PCBs in human urine, being previously successfully developed and applied for the separation and quantitation of OH-PCBs in human plasma. The lowest limit of quantification (LLOQ) ranged from 0.01 to 0.19ngmL-1 and average extraction recoveries from 79 to 125% for all hydroxylated congeners. Within-run precision and between-run precision were between 2 and 17%. Extraction recovery tests were also performed in urine with different creatinine contents (0.52-3.92gL-1) for an estimation of matrix influences and ranged between 69 and 125%. In order to evaluate the applicability of the method, the study was conducted in three different groups, which were distinctly separated as non-exposed to known sources of PCBs (N=21), low-to-moderate PCB-exposed individuals (N=25) and highly occupationally PCB-exposed individuals (N=25), which included workers of a transformer recycling plant, their relatives and workers of surrounding companies from a German cohort. As part of the biomonitoring program HELPcB (Health Effects in High-Level Exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls), urine and blood samples were collected annually from 2010 to 2014. In this way, OH-PCB elimination profile in urine over time, correlations between OH-PCB levels in human plasma and urine, and associations with their parent compounds in plasma of the studied PCB cohort could be also assessed. Tri-chlorinated OH-PCBs were the predominant congeners in urine with concentrations up to 174ngmL-1. High chlorinated OH-PCBs (penta- through hepta-chlorinated OH-PCBs) were also frequently detected in urine samples from non-exposed and occupationally exposed individuals, although levels were in general very low or lower than LLOQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany..
| | - André Esser
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Kraus
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas Schettgen
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Lavandier R, Arêas J, Quinete N, de Moura JF, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Siciliano S, Moreira I. PCB and PBDE levels in a highly threatened dolphin species from the Southeastern Brazilian coast. Environ Pollut 2016; 208:442-449. [PMID: 26552541 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 10/09/2015] [Accepted: 10/10/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the Northern coast of Rio de Janeiro State is located the major urban centers of the oil and gas industry of Brazil. The intense urbanization in recent decades caused an increase in human use of the coastal areas, which is constantly impacted by agricultural, industrial and wastewater discharges. Franciscana dolphin (Pontoporia blainvillei) is a small cetacean that inhabits coastal regions down to a 30 m depth. This species is considered the most threatened cetacean in the Western South Atlantic Ocean. This study investigated the levels of 52 PCB congeners and 9 PBDE congeners in liver of nine individuals found stranded or accidentally caught between 2011 and 2012 in the Northern coast of Rio de Janeiro. PCB mean levels ranged from 208 to 5543 ng g(-1) lw and PBDEs mean concentrations varied between 13.84 and 36.94 ng g(-1) lw. Contamination patterns suggest the previous use of Aroclor 1254, 1260 and penta-BDE mixtures in Brazil. While still few studies have assessed the organic contamination in cetaceans from the Southern Hemisphere, including Brazil, the levels found in this study could represent a health risk to these endangered species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
| | - Jennifer Arêas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900 Brazil
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Jailson F de Moura
- Systems Ecology, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359 Bremen, Germany
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz. Av. Brasil, 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900 Brazil
| | - Isabel Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
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Lavandier R, Arêas J, Dias PS, Taniguchi S, Montone R, de Moura JF, Quinete N, Siciliano S, Moreira I. An assessment of PCB and PBDE contamination in two tropical dolphin species from the Southeastern Brazilian coast. Mar Pollut Bull 2015; 101:947-953. [PMID: 26506024 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2015.10.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
PCBs and PBDEs were determined in two dolphin species, Sotalia guianensis and Steno bredanensis, from an upwelling system off the Central-northern coast of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PCB levels varied from 0.040 to 0.75 μg g(-1) lw in muscles and from 0.022 to 1.32 μg g(-1)lw in liver samples from S. guianensis. In S. bredanensis, values varied from 0.085 to 11.3 μg g(-1) lw in muscles and from 0.024 to 18.6 μg g(-1) lw in livers. PCB-138, -153 and -180 were the major PCB congeners detected in both species, while BDE-47 was the predominant PBDE congener found in both species. Higher concentrations in S. bredanensis were possibly related to the different feeding habits for both delphinid species. These results contribute to extend the database on organic contamination in cetaceans from the southern hemisphere, understanding their distribution and environmental fate in Southeastern Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
| | - Jennifer Arêas
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Patrick S Dias
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Satie Taniguchi
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Rosalinda Montone
- Instituto Oceanográfico, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Praça do Oceanográfico 191, Butantã, São Paulo, SP 05508-900, Brazil
| | - Jailson Fulgencio de Moura
- Systems Ecology, Leibniz Center for Tropical Marine Ecology (ZMT), Fahrenheitstrasse 6, 28359, Bremen, Germany
| | - Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, D-52074 Aachen, Germany.
| | - Salvatore Siciliano
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/Fiocruz, Av. Brasil 4.365, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21040-900, Brazil
| | - Isabel Moreira
- Departamento de Química, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil
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Quinete N, Kraus T, Belov VN, Aretz C, Esser A, Schettgen T. Fast determination of hydroxylated polychlorinated biphenyls in human plasma by online solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 888:94-102. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.06.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Quinete N, Bertram J, Reska M, Lang J, Kraus T. Highly selective and automated online SPE LC–MS 3 method for determination of cortisol and cortisone in human hair as biomarker for stress related diseases. Talanta 2015; 134:310-316. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Quinete N, Schettgen T, Bertram J, Kraus T. Occurrence and distribution of PCB metabolites in blood and their potential health effects in humans: a review. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2014; 21:11951-11972. [PMID: 24943885 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3136-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 05/30/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, attention has been directed to chemicals with possible endocrine-disrupting properties. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and their metabolites belong to one group of environmental contaminants that have been shown to interact with the endocrine system in mammals, including humans. Although recent developments have been made in terms of determination of PCB metabolites in blood samples, still limited number of studies have been able to elucidate their profiles and toxicological and health effects in humans. This review aims to evaluate and compare the levels of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) and methyl sulfone PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs) in blood and their relationship to parent compounds and also address the potential risks and adverse health effects in humans. Levels of OH-PCBs varied between 0.0002 and 1.6 ng g(-1) w/w in human serum/plasma from the selected literature, correlating well with ∑PCBs. In contrast, ∑OH-PCB/∑PCB ratio in animals did not show a significant correlation, which might suggest that the bioaccumulation plays an even more important role in the concentration of OH-PCBs compared to PCB metabolism. Highest levels of MeSO2-PCBs were reported in marine mammals with high selectivity retention in the liver. Health effects of PCB metabolites included carcinogenicity, reproductive impairment, and developmental neurotoxicity, being more efficiently transferred to the brain and across the placenta from mother to fetus in comparison to the parent PCBs. Based on the lack of knowledge on the occurrence and distribution of lower chlorinated OH-PCBs in humans, further studies to identify and assess the risks associated to human exposure are essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany,
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Quinete N, Schettgen T, Bertram J, Kraus T. Analytical approaches for the determination of PCB metabolites in blood: a review. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:6151-64. [PMID: 24908411 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7922-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2014] [Revised: 05/13/2014] [Accepted: 05/22/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are among the most ubiquitous pollutants in the environment, and their metabolism leads to the formation of hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs) and methyl sulfone PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs). These metabolites are generally more hydrophilic than the parent compound, and therefore are more easily eliminated from the body. However, some congeners have been shown to be strongly retained in human blood, binding to transthyretin with an affinity that is, in general, greater than that of the natural ligand thyroxin itself, which could result in toxicological effects, particularly on the thyroid system. Currently available analytical methods require, in general, extensive sample preparation, which includes a series of time-consuming and low-throughput liquid-liquid and back extractions, evaporations, several cleanup steps, and in some cases, derivatization prior to analysis by gas chromatography (GC) or liquid chromatography (LC) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS). Recent developments in the use of LC coupled with tandem MS (MS/MS) have brought some improvements in terms of sample preparation for the determination of PCB metabolites in blood, although there are still possibilities for continued development. The selected literature has evidenced few studies of LC-MS/MS-based methods, a lack of analytical standards, nonassessment of lower-chlorinated OH-PCBs, and scarce attention to MeSO2-PCBs in blood. This review aims to evaluate critically the currently available analytical methods for determination of OH-PCBs and MeSO2-PCBs in blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Institute for Occupational and Social Medicine, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074, Aachen, Germany,
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Quinete N, Castro J, Fernandez A, Zamora-Ley IM, Rand GM, Gardinali PR. Occurrence and distribution of endosulfan in water, sediment, and fish tissue: an ecological assessment of protected lands in south Florida. J Agric Food Chem 2013; 61:11881-11892. [PMID: 24111802 DOI: 10.1021/jf403140z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Over the past 30 years, endosulfan, one of the last polychlorinated pesticides still in use, has received considerable attention and has been the subject of a number of international regulations and restriction action plans worldwide. This study aimed to monitor the presence and to assess the potential transport of endosulfan within the protected areas of Everglades National Park, Biscayne National Park, and Big Cypress National Preserve, South Florida, USA. Endosulfan sulfate was the major metabolite detected in all matrices in areas along the C-111 and C-111E canals, which drain the Homestead agricultural area and discharge to either Florida or Biscayne Bays, both of which are critical wildlife habitats. Endosulfan concentrations of up to 158 ng L(-1) and 57 ng g(-1) were observed in surface water and sediments, respectively, which exceeded the U.S. EPA's chronic water quality criteria (56 ng L(-1)). Elevated levels of up to 371 ng g(-1) of endosulfan sulfate were detected in whole fish tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Southeast Environmental Research Center (SERC), Florida International University , 3000 N.E. 151 Street, Biscayne Bay Campus, North Miami, Florida 33181, United States
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Batchu SR, Quinete N, Panditi VR, Gardinali PR. Online solid phase extraction liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (SPE-LC-MS/MS) method for the determination of sucralose in reclaimed and drinking waters and its photo degradation in natural waters from South Florida. Chem Cent J 2013; 7:141. [PMID: 23965251 PMCID: PMC3844442 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-7-141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Sucralose has gained popularity as a low calorie artificial sweetener worldwide. Due to its high stability and persistence, sucralose has shown widespread occurrence in environmental waters, at concentrations that could reach up to several μg/L. Previous studies have used time consuming sample preparation methods (offline solid phase extraction/derivatization) or methods with rather high detection limits (direct injection) for sucralose analysis. This study described a faster and sensitive analytical method for the determination of sucralose in environmental samples. Results An online SPE-LC–MS/MS method was developed, being capable to quantify sucralose in 12 minutes using only 10 mL of sample, with method detection limits (MDLs) of 4.5 ng/L, 8.5 ng/L and 45 ng/L for deionized water, drinking and reclaimed waters (1:10 diluted with deionized water), respectively. Sucralose was detected in 82% of the reclaimed water samples at concentrations reaching up to 18 μg/L. The monthly average for a period of one year was 9.1 ± 2.9 μg/L. The calculated mass loads per capita of sucralose discharged through WWTP effluents based on the concentrations detected in wastewaters in the U. S. is 5.0 mg/day/person. As expected, the concentrations observed in drinking water were much lower but still relevant reaching as high as 465 ng/L. In order to evaluate the stability of sucralose, photodegradation experiments were performed in natural waters. Significant photodegradation of sucralose was observed only in freshwater at 254 nm. Minimal degradation (<20%) was observed for all matrices under more natural conditions (350 nm or solar simulator). The only photolysis product of sucralose identified by high resolution mass spectrometry was a de-chlorinated molecule at m/z 362.0535, with molecular formula C12H20Cl2O8. Conclusions Online SPE LC-APCI/MS/MS developed in the study was applied to more than 100 environmental samples. Sucralose was frequently detected (>80%) indicating that the conventional treatment process employed in the sewage treatment plants is not efficient for its removal. Detection of sucralose in drinking waters suggests potential contamination of surface and ground waters sources with anthropogenic wastewater streams. Its high resistance to photodegradation, minimal sorption and high solubility indicate that sucralose could be a good tracer of anthropogenic wastewater intrusion into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudha Rani Batchu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st ST, FIU Biscayne Bay Campus, MSB-356, North Miami, FL 33181, USA.
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Lavandier R, Quinete N, Hauser-Davis RA, Dias PS, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Moreira I. Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers (PBDEs) in three fish species from an estuary in the southeastern coast of Brazil. Chemosphere 2013; 90:2435-2443. [PMID: 23211324 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2012.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2012] [Revised: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and Polybrominated Diphenyls Ethers (PBDEs) are two highly lipophilic classes of persistent organic pollutants able to resist degradation and with the ability to bioaccumulate through the food chain. In Brazil, there are still few studies on PCBs and PBDEs in aquatic organisms. In this study, we determined the levels of PBDEs and PCBs in three different fish species from the Ilha Grande Bay, located in the southern state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. PBDEs levels were very low, with values below the limit of quantification. PCBs concentrations ranged from 2.29 to 27.60 ng g(-1) ww in muscle and from 3.41 to 34.22 ng g(-1) ww in liver of the three investigated fish species. Significant positive correlations were established between PCBs concentration and fish biometric variables in mullet (length and lipid content) and a statistically significant change between seasons in croaker was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Lavandier
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22453-900, Brazil.
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Quinete N, Lavandier R, Dias P, Taniguchi S, Montone R, Moreira I. Specific profiles of polybrominated diphenylethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in fish and tucuxi dolphins from the estuary of Paraíba do Sul River, Southeastern Brazil. Mar Pollut Bull 2011; 62:440-446. [PMID: 21168887 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2010.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2010] [Revised: 11/25/2010] [Accepted: 11/25/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous pollutants in the environment and subject of several studies due to their adverse effects as endocrine disruptors. Despite the concern over widespread distribution of PBDEs even in sparsely populated regions of the world, few studies have reported their occurrence in Brazil. In this study, PBDEs and PCBs levels were measured in selected fish species and dolphins from Paraiba do Sul River, Brazil. BDE 47 and 85 were the predominant congeners. Low chlorinated congeners showed the highest concentrations in fish; however dolphins presented the highest proportion of PCBs 153, followed by 138 and 180. The daily intake of PBDEs and PCBs was estimated for the population of this region. PCB daily intake through consumption of croaker was above the limits set by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculture, raising great concern over the existence of a source of PCB contamination in Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Quinete N, Orata F, Maes A, Gehron M, Bauer KH, Moreira I, Wilken RD. Degradation studies of new substitutes for perfluorinated surfactants. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 2010; 59:20-30. [PMID: 20054527 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-009-9451-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2008] [Accepted: 12/13/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) are manmade, stable perfluorosurfactants. The properties of perfluoroalkylated compounds that cause them to persist in the environment are also the properties that made them attractive compounds for industrial usage for over 50 years. Due to the unique properties of the carbon-fluorine bond and the polarity of perfluoroalkyl groups, potential substitutes to replace perfluorinated surfactants in most cases continue to be perfluoroalkyl based. Thus, issues of persistence in the environment remain. There is a need to test emerging new substitute surfactants for biodegradability. This study involved degradability measurements of emerging perfluorinated surfactant substitutes. The stability of the substitutes of perfluorinated surfactants was tested by employing advanced oxidation processes, which were based on degradation by ultraviolet lamp, hydrogen peroxide, or both, followed by conventional tests, among them an automated method based on the manometric respirometry test (OECD 301 F; OxiTop), closed-bottle test (OECD 301 D), and standardized fixed-bed bioreactor on perfluorobutane sulfonate, fluorosurfactant Zonyl, two fluoraliphatic esters (NOVEC FC-4430 and NOVEC FC-4432), and 10-(trifluoromethoxy) decane 1 sulfonate. Most of these new surfactants are well established in the marketplace and have been used in several applications as alternatives to PFOS- and PFOA-based surfactants. Ready biodegradation tests for fluoroaliphatic esters, the fluorosurfactant Zonyl, perfluorobutane sulfonate, and 10-(trifluoromethoxy) decane-1-sulfonate using the manometric respirometry test (OxiTop) did not meet the ready biodegradability test criteria. However, 10-(trifluoromethoxy) decane-1-sulfonate was observed to be degradable when a standardized fixed-bed bioreactor test was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Gávea, RJ, Brazil.
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Orata F, Quinete N, Wilken RD. Long chain perfluorinated alkyl acids derivatisation and identification in biota and abiota matrices using gas chromatography. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009; 83:630-635. [PMID: 19434349 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-009-9756-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Accepted: 04/24/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
An analytical method involving derivatisation of perfluorocarboxylic acids for their analysis in abiotic and biotic matrices is presented. Derivatisation of the acid group to form a suitable alkyl ester provided a suitable compound for mass spectrometric detection in gas chromatography/mass spectroscopy (GC/MS) instrumental analysis. The acid is esterified by an alkyl halide i.e. benzyl bromide as the alkylating agent for perfluorocarboxylic acids quantification in fish and water by GC/MS. The gas chromatography method can be applied in the analysis perfluoro alkyl acids in water and biological matrices, especially where high levels of these compounds are expected. Typical values for precision obtained were 0.1%-10.0% with concentrations ranging from 0.2 to 1 microg/mL). Results demonstrate that GC/MS can supplement liquid chromatographic/mass spectroscopy method for quantification of fluorocarboxylic acid surfactants. The result indicates that there is need for more research on method analysis of perfluorinated acids in environmental matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Orata
- IWW Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wasserforschung gemeinnützige GmbH, 64584 Biebesheim, Germany.
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Quinete N, Wu Q, Zhang T, Yun SH, Moreira I, Kannan K. Specific profiles of perfluorinated compounds in surface and drinking waters and accumulation in mussels, fish, and dolphins from southeastern Brazil. Chemosphere 2009; 77:863-9. [PMID: 19744696 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.07.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 07/20/2009] [Accepted: 07/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Despite the concern over widespread distribution of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) even in sparsely populated regions of the world, few studies have reported their occurrence in South America. In this study, PFCs were measured in Rio de Janeiro State in southeast Brazil: in drinking water from various districts in the State, in river water and tucuxi dolphins from the Paraiba do Sul River, several species of fish from the State, and mussels from Guanabara Bay. Liver, kidney, and muscle from fishes were analyzed to enable an understanding of the tissue distribution of PFCs. PFOS, PFOA, and PFHxS were detected in all drinking water samples in concentration ranges of 0.58-6.70, 0.35-2.82, and 0.15-1.00 ng L(-1), respectively. The profiles of PFCs in drinking water from Brazil (with PFOS concentrations comparable to or higher than those of PFOA) were different from the profiles that have been reported for other countries. In fish, concentrations of PFOS were, in general, higher in liver than in muscle. Concentrations of PFOA in livers of fish were similar to or lower than fish muscle tissue concentrations. PFOS and PFOA were found in brown mussels from Guanabara Bay. Bioconcentration factors (BCFs) of PFOA calculated for mussels were higher than the BCFs calculated for fishes. Elevated concentrations of PFUnDA (mean: 109+/-17.4 ng g(-1) wet weight) were found in mussels from certain locations within Guanabara Bay. Although PFCs were detected in all types of samples analyzed, the concentrations were generally lower than the concentrations reported for Japan and the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Quinete
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro (PUC-Rio), Rua Marquês de São Vicente, 225, Gávea-Rio de Janeiro, RJ-22453-900, Brazil
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Orata F, Quinete N, Werres F, Wilken RD. Determination of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in Lake Victoria Gulf water. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2009; 82:218-222. [PMID: 18791652 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-008-9543-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2008] [Accepted: 08/25/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this study we present a report of investigation from the screening of perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate in Lake Victoria Gulf and in its source rivers. The first determined levels of perfluorinated alkylated substances in Lake Victoria ecosystem are presented. Variability in the concentrations of perfluorooctanoic acid or perfluorooctane sulfonate in river waters (range perfluorooctanoic acid 400-96,400 and perfluorooctane sulfonate <400-13,230 pg/L) was higher than for Lake waters (range perfluorooctanoic acid 400-11,650 and perfluorooctane sulfonate <400-2,530 pg/L respectively) suggesting generalized point sources such as domestic and industrial waste. The lowest limit of quantification was 400 pg/L for both analytes and limit of detection were 75 and 40 pg/L for perfluorooctanoic acid and perfluorooctane sulfonate respectively. Typical values for precision obtained were 0.14-3.7%, with concentrations range from 400 pg/mL to 1 microg/mL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis Orata
- IWW Rheinisch-Westfälisches Institut für Wasserforschung gemeinnützige GmbH, Biebesheim, Germany.
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