1
|
Meyerhoff RR, Scearce RM, Ogburn DF, Lockwood B, Pickeral J, Kuraoka M, Anasti K, Eudailey J, Eaton A, Cooper M, Wiehe K, Montefiori DC, Tomaras G, Ferrari G, Alam SM, Liao HX, Korber B, Gao F, Haynes BF. HIV-1 Consensus Envelope-Induced Broadly Binding Antibodies. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:859-868. [PMID: 28314374 PMCID: PMC5564029 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2016.0294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibodies that cross-react with multiple HIV-1 envelopes (Envs) are useful reagents for characterizing Env proteins and for soluble Env capture and purification assays. We previously reported 10 murine monoclonal antibodies induced by group M consensus Env, CON-6 immunization. Each demonstrated broad cross-reactivity to recombinant Envs. Here we characterized the Env epitopes to which they bind. Seven mapped to linear epitopes in gp120, five at the Env N-terminus, and two at the Env C-terminus. One antibody, 13D7, bound at the gp120 N-terminus (aa 30-42), reacted with HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells, and when expressed in a human IgG1 backbone, mediated antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity. Antibody 18F11 bound at the gp120 C-terminus (aa 445-459) and reactivity was glycan dependent. Antibodies 13D7, 3B3, and 16H3 bound to 100 percent of HIV-1 Envs tested in ELISA and sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis/western blot analysis. These data define the epitopes of monoclonal antibody reagents for characterization of recombinant Envs, one epitope of which is also expressed on the surface of HIV-1-infected CD4+ T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R. Ryan Meyerhoff
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Richard M. Scearce
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Damon F. Ogburn
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Brad Lockwood
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joy Pickeral
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Masa Kuraoka
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kara Anasti
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Joshua Eudailey
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Amanda Eaton
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Melissa Cooper
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Kevin Wiehe
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - David C. Montefiori
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Georgia Tomaras
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Guido Ferrari
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - S. Munir Alam
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Hua-Xin Liao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- College of Life Science and Technology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bette Korber
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico
| | - Feng Gao
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Barton F. Haynes
- Duke Human Vaccine Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Immunology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hanson RT, Schmid W, Faunt CC, Lockwood B. Simulation and analysis of conjunctive use with MODFLOW's farm process. Ground Water 2010; 48:674-689. [PMID: 20572873 DOI: 10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00730.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The extension of MODFLOW onto the landscape with the Farm Process (MF-FMP) facilitates fully coupled simulation of the use and movement of water from precipitation, streamflow and runoff, groundwater flow, and consumption by natural and agricultural vegetation throughout the hydrologic system at all times. This allows for more complete analysis of conjunctive use water-resource systems than previously possible with MODFLOW by combining relevant aspects of the landscape with the groundwater and surface water components. This analysis is accomplished using distributed cell-by-cell supply-constrained and demand-driven components across the landscape within "water-balance subregions" comprised of one or more model cells that can represent a single farm, a group of farms, or other hydrologic or geopolitical entities. Simulation of micro-agriculture in the Pajaro Valley and macro-agriculture in the Central Valley are used to demonstrate the utility of MF-FMP. For Pajaro Valley, the simulation of an aquifer storage and recovery system and related coastal water distribution system to supplant coastal pumpage was analyzed subject to climate variations and additional supplemental sources such as local runoff. For the Central Valley, analysis of conjunctive use from different hydrologic settings of northern and southern subregions shows how and when precipitation, surface water, and groundwater are important to conjunctive use. The examples show that through MF-FMP's ability to simulate natural and anthropogenic components of the hydrologic cycle, the distribution and dynamics of supply and demand can be analyzed, understood, and managed. This analysis of conjunctive use would be difficult without embedding them in the simulation and are difficult to estimate a priori.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- R T Hanson
- California Water Science Center, Water Resources Discipline, US Geological Survey, 4165 Spruance Rd, Ste. 200, San Diego, CA 92101, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
van Hal SJ, Stark D, Lockwood B, Marriott D, Harkness J. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) detection: comparison of two molecular methods (IDI-MRSA PCR assay and GenoType MRSA Direct PCR assay) with three selective MRSA agars (MRSA ID, MRSASelect, and CHROMagar MRSA) for use with infection-control swabs. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45:2486-90. [PMID: 17537949 PMCID: PMC1951204 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00139-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2007] [Revised: 03/15/2007] [Accepted: 05/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is an increasing problem. Rapid detection of MRSA-colonized patients has the potential to limit spread of the organism. We evaluated the sensitivities and specificities of MRSA detection by two molecular methods (IDI-MRSA PCR assay and GenoType MRSA Direct PCR assay) and three selective MRSA agars (MRSA ID, MRSASelect, and CHROMagar MRSA), using 205 (101 nasal, 52 groin, and 52 axillary samples) samples from consecutive known MRSA-infected and/or -colonized patients. All detection methods had higher MRSA detection rates for nasal swabs than for axillary and groin swabs. Detection of MRSA by IDI-MRSA was the most sensitive method, independent of the site (94% for nasal samples, 80% for nonnasal samples, and 90% overall). The sensitivities of the GenoType MRSA Direct assay and the MRSA ID, MRSASelect, and CHROMagar MRSA agars with nasal swabs were 70%, 72%, 68%, and 75%, respectively. All detection methods had high specificities (95 to 99%), independent of the swab site. Extended incubation for a further 24 h with selective MRSA agars increased the detection of MRSA, with a corresponding decline in specificity secondary to a significant increase in false-positive results. There was a noticeable difference in test performance of the GenoType MRSA Direct assay in detection of MRSA (28/38 samples [74%]) compared with detection of nonmultiresistant MRSA (17/31 samples [55%]) (susceptible to two or more non-beta-lactam antibiotics). This was not observed with selective MRSA agar plates or IDI-MRSA. Although it is more expensive, in addition to rapid turnaround times of 2 to 4 h, IDI-MRSA offers greater detection of MRSA colonization, independent of the swab site, than do conventional selective agars and GenoType MRSA Direct.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J van Hal
- Department of Microbiology, St. Vincent's Hospital, Darlinghurst 2010 NSW, Australia.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Supercritical fluid technology is a rapidly expanding analytical technique. Here we give a brief insight into the background of supercritical fluid technology and how supercritical fluid extraction and supercritical fluid chromatography work in analysis. The applications of these two techniques in forensic science are known to be important. The main area of forensic use of supercritical fluid technology is in the sample preparation and separation of drugs of abuse particularly opiates, cannabinoids, cocaine and sedatives. Supercritical fluid technology can be used for both time-of-death-related drug analysis and for obtaining information relating to long term drug abuse. We also give a review of the use of supercritical fluids in two other major forensic areas, fingerprinting and the extraction and separation of explosives from both bombing events and gunshot residues. Overall we show that supercritical fluid technology is fast becoming a major part of forensic investigations and that it is an invaluable analysis technique.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Radcliffe
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Greater, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gulevich SJ, Conwell TD, Lane J, Lockwood B, Schwettmann RS, Rosenberg N, Goldman LB. Stress infrared telethermography is useful in the diagnosis of complex regional pain syndrome, type I (formerly reflex sympathetic dystrophy). Clin J Pain 1997; 13:50-9. [PMID: 9084952 DOI: 10.1097/00002508-199703000-00008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the sensitivity, specificity, and predictive value (PV) of stress infrared telethermography (IRT) in the complex regional pain syndrome, type I (CRPS-I). METHODS One hundred eighty-five consecutive patients (47 men, 138 women) with 205 pairs of chronically painful limbs (upper, lower, or both) were examined by pain specialists in neurology, physiatry, and anesthesia, who then reached a consensus diagnosis. A clinical diagnosis of CRPS-I required at least two of the following observations: burning pain, vasomotor changes, diaphoresis, trophic changes, allodynia. Patients with only one criterion were classified as possible CRPS-I; those with none were judged not to have CRPS-I. Patients and 24 asymptomatic control subjects underwent stress IRT, which was considered positive for CRPS-I if it showed three of the following: quantitative thermal emission of > or = 1.00 degree C, abnormal distal thermal gradient patterns, presence of a "thermal marker," and abnormal response to functional cold water autonomic stress testing. RESULTS By clinical criteria, CRPS-I was diagnosed in 73 pairs of limbs; not CRPS-I was diagnosed in 70; and 62 pairs had possible CRPS-I. Excluding possible CRPS-I cases, there were 5 false-negative stress IRTs (sensitivity 93%) and 7 false-positive results (specificity 89%). Based on estimated 50% prior probability for our population, the positive PV is 90% and the negative PV 94%. None of the control subjects exhibited thermographic evidence of CRPS-I. CONCLUSION Stress IRT is a sensitive and specific indicator of CRPS-I.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S J Gulevich
- Colorado Neurological Institute, Center for Spine and Orthopedic Rehabilitation, Englewood, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lockwood B. Developing the role of vice president of patient care services: pulling the clinical team together. Recruit Retent Restruct Rep 1995; 8:4-7. [PMID: 7648080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Making the transition from the traditional Nurse Executive role to Vice President of Patient Care Services can improve the quality of patient care while encouraging interdepartmental cooperation and streamlining the organization. This author who has experience coordinating two executive restructuring projects provides suggestions to ease the transition.
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
It has been suggested that pericentric inversions of chromosome 2 increase the risk for spontaneous abortion but do not increase the risk for unbalanced recombinant offspring. We report our experience of a familial pericentric inversion of chromosome 2 resulting in two unbalanced recombinant offspring. Both subjects have 46,XX,rec(2),dup q,inv(2)(p25q35).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Richter
- Genetics Center of Southwest Biomedical Research Institute, Scottsdale, Arizona
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
MacDonald AS, Daloze P, Dandavino R, Jindal S, Bear L, Dossetor JB, Klassen J, Stiller CR, Lockwood B, Reeve CE. A randomized study of cyclosporine with and without prednisone in renal allograft recipients. Canadian Transplant Group. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:1865-6. [PMID: 3079054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Sixty-nine patients receiving Cs after cadaveric or LRD renal transplants were randomly allocated to receive prednisone or no prednisone beginning on the day of transplant. There were 36 in the prednisone group and 33 in the group assigned to no prednisone. Of these latter, only seven (21%) never received prednisone and an additional four had one short course for rejection episodes (11%). Of the remaining 22 who were placed on continuous steroids, only 12 met rejection criteria and either some or all of the remainder probably had Cs nephrotoxicity. The patient and graft survival were better but not statistically so in the no-prednisone group (97% v 89%) and (88% v 78%), and the number of infections was only half that of the prednisone-treated group (22% v 42%). A policy of withholding steroids except for rejection episodes does not prejudice graft or patient survival in Cs-treated patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A S MacDonald
- Ambulatory Care Centre, Victoria General Hospital Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|