1
|
Zaslavsky ME, Craig E, Michuda JK, Sehgal N, Ram-Mohan N, Lee JY, Nguyen KD, Hoh RA, Pham TD, Röltgen K, Lam B, Parsons ES, Macwana SR, DeJager W, Drapeau EM, Roskin KM, Cunningham-Rundles C, Moody MA, Haynes BF, Goldman JD, Heath JR, Nadeau KC, Pinsky BA, Blish CA, Hensley SE, Jensen K, Meyer E, Balboni I, Utz PJ, Merrill JT, Guthridge JM, James JA, Yang S, Tibshirani R, Kundaje A, Boyd SD. Disease diagnostics using machine learning of immune receptors. bioRxiv 2024:2022.04.26.489314. [PMID: 35547855 PMCID: PMC9094102 DOI: 10.1101/2022.04.26.489314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Clinical diagnosis typically incorporates physical examination, patient history, and various laboratory tests and imaging studies, but makes limited use of the human system's own record of antigen exposures encoded by receptors on B cells and T cells. We analyzed immune receptor datasets from 593 individuals to develop MAchine Learning for Immunological Diagnosis (Mal-ID) , an interpretive framework to screen for multiple illnesses simultaneously or precisely test for one condition. This approach detects specific infections, autoimmune disorders, vaccine responses, and disease severity differences. Human-interpretable features of the model recapitulate known immune responses to SARS-CoV-2, Influenza, and HIV, highlight antigen-specific receptors, and reveal distinct characteristics of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus and Type-1 Diabetes autoreactivity. This analysis framework has broad potential for scientific and clinical interpretation of human immune responses.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sarin KY, Zheng H, Chaichian Y, Arunachalam PS, Swaminathan G, Eschholz A, Gao F, Wirz OF, Lam B, Yang E, Lee LW, Feng A, Lewis MA, Lin J, Maecker HT, Boyd SD, Davis MM, Nadeau KC, Pulendran B, Khatri P, Utz PJ, Zaba LC. Impaired innate and adaptive immune responses to BNT162b2 SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in systemic lupus erythematosus. JCI Insight 2024; 9:e176556. [PMID: 38456511 PMCID: PMC10972586 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.176556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Understanding the immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 vaccination is critical to optimizing vaccination strategies for individuals with autoimmune diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here, we comprehensively analyzed innate and adaptive immune responses in 19 patients with SLE receiving a complete 2-dose Pfizer-BioNTech mRNA vaccine (BNT162b2) regimen compared with a control cohort of 56 healthy control (HC) volunteers. Patients with SLE exhibited impaired neutralizing antibody production and antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell responses relative to HC. Interestingly, antibody responses were only altered in patients with SLE treated with immunosuppressive therapies, whereas impairment of antigen-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cell numbers was independent of medication. Patients with SLE also displayed reduced levels of circulating CXC motif chemokine ligands, CXCL9, CXCL10, CXCL11, and IFN-γ after secondary vaccination as well as downregulation of gene expression pathways indicative of compromised innate immune responses. Single-cell RNA-Seq analysis reveals that patients with SLE showed reduced levels of a vaccine-inducible monocyte population characterized by overexpression of IFN-response transcription factors. Thus, although 2 doses of BNT162b2 induced relatively robust immune responses in patients with SLE, our data demonstrate impairment of both innate and adaptive immune responses relative to HC, highlighting a need for population-specific vaccination studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Hong Zheng
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Yashaar Chaichian
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Prabhu S. Arunachalam
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Immunobiology, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA
| | | | | | - Fei Gao
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
| | | | | | - Emily Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Lori W. Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonary Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Allan Feng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | - Janice Lin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | - Mark M. Davis
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kari C. Nadeau
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Environmental Gealth, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Bali Pulendran
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Purvesh Khatri
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Center for Biomedical Informatics Research, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, and
| | - Paul J. Utz
- Institute for Immunity, Transplantation and Infection
- Department of Medicine, Division of Immunology and Rheumatology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Akhavanrezayat A, Uludag Kirimli G, Matsumiya W, Khojasteh H, Or C, Karaca I, Pham B, Ongpalakorn P, Lajevardi S, Lam B, Hwang JJ, Than NTT, Park S, Yavari N, Bazojoo V, Mobasserian A, Khatri A, Halim MS, Thng ZX, Ghoraba H, Do DV, Tugal-Tutkun I, Gupta V, de Smet M, Nguyen QD. The Role of Corticosteroids and Immunomodulatory Therapy in the Management of Infectious Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-12. [PMID: 38330155 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2023.2296032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The index review aims to provide an update on the role of corticosteroids and steroid-sparing immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) in managing patients with infectious uveitis. METHOD Narrative literature review. RESULTS Corticosteroids and immunomodulatory therapy (IMT) focus on the host defense system instead of the pathogen, adjusting exaggerated inflammatory reactions to reduce potential harm to ocular tissues. Systemic or local corticosteroids are primarily selected as adjunctive medication for infectious uveitis. Concomitant corticosteroids have also been used in cases of paradoxical worsening in ocular tuberculosis and immune recovery uveitis in cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. While there is no well-established evidence to support the use of IMT in infectious uveitis, it is occasionally used in clinical settings to treat persistent inflammation following resolution of infection such as cases of ocular tuberculosis and ocular syphilis where an insufficient response is observed with corticosteroids. CONCLUSION There is no consensus on the position of immunomodulatory therapy in the management of infectious uveitis with different etiologies. The index review provides an overview of available adjunctive corticosteroids and IMT options to assist clinicians in managing such disease entities more efficiently.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amir Akhavanrezayat
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Gunay Uludag Kirimli
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Wataru Matsumiya
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Hassan Khojasteh
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Christopher Or
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Irmak Karaca
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Brandon Pham
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | | | - Sherin Lajevardi
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
| | - Jaclyn Joyce Hwang
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ngoc Trong Tuong Than
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - SungWho Park
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Negin Yavari
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Vahid Bazojoo
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Azadeh Mobasserian
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Anadi Khatri
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Muhammad Sohail Halim
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Zheng Xian Thng
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Hashem Ghoraba
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Diana V Do
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| | - Ilknur Tugal-Tutkun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Bayrampasa Eye Hospital, Eye Protection Foundation, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Vishali Gupta
- Advanced Eye Center, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
| | - Marc de Smet
- Department of Ophthalmology, MicroInvasive Ocular Surgery Clinic (MIOS), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Quan Dong Nguyen
- Byers Eye Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Palo Alto, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lam B, Miller J, Kung YJ, Wu TC, Hung CF, Roden RBS, Best SR. Profiling of VEGF Receptors and Immune Checkpoints in Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Laryngoscope 2024. [PMID: 38193541 DOI: 10.1002/lary.31253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is caused by human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the aerodigestive tract that significantly impacts quality-of-life including the ability to communicate and breathe. Treatment was traditionally limited to serial ablative procedures in the O.R. with possible local adjuvant therapy, but new systemic therapies, such as Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) inhibitors, are showing significant promise. This study aims to determine whether rationale exists for combination therapeutic approaches using VEGF inhibitors and/or immune checkpoint blockade. METHODS Using fresh specimens from the O.R., we performed flow cytometry on papilloma, normal adjacent tissue, and blood. Papilloma and surrounding tissue were examined for expression of PD-L1, PD-L2, Galectin-9, VEGFR2, and VEGFR3. CD8+ and CD4+ T cells were assayed for expression of PD-1, TIGIT, LAG3, and TIM3. RESULTS Our data shows that papilloma tissue exhibits significantly higher levels of PD-L1 and PD-L2 compared to adjacent tissue. Elevated levels of the VEGF receptor VEGFR3 were also observed in papilloma tissue. When examining T cells within the papilloma, elevated PD-1 and TIGIT expression was observed on CD8+ T cells, while levels of PD-1, TIGIT, and TIM3 were elevated on CD4+ T cells compared to PBMCs. Heterogenous marker expression was observed between individuals. CONCLUSIONS Our analysis shows that RRP tissue shows elevated levels of multiple immune check point targets and VEGFR3, with varied patterns unique to each papilloma patient. Some of these immune checkpoint markers already have novel immunotherapies available or in development, providing molecular rationale to offer these systemic treatments to selected patients affected by RRP alongside VEGF inhibitors. Laryngoscope, 2024.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, U.S.A
| | - Jonas Miller
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| | - Simon R Best
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lam B, Kung YJ, Lin J, Tseng SH, Tu HF, Huang C, Lee B, Velarde E, Tsai YC, Villasmil R, Park ST, Xing D, Hung CF, Wu TC. In situ vaccination via tissue-targeted cDC1 expansion enhances the immunogenicity of chemoradiation and immunotherapy. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e171621. [PMID: 37917174 PMCID: PMC10760964 DOI: 10.1172/jci171621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Even with the prolific clinical use of next-generation cancer therapeutics, many tumors remain unresponsive or become refractory to therapy, creating a medical need. In cancer, DCs are indispensable for T cell activation, so there is a restriction on cytotoxic T cell immunity if DCs are not present in sufficient numbers in the tumor and draining lymph nodes to take up and present relevant cancer antigens. To address this bottleneck, we developed a therapeutic based on albumin fused with FMS-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand (Alb-Flt3L) that demonstrated superior pharmacokinetic properties compared with Flt3L, including significantly longer half-life, accumulation in tumors and lymph nodes, and cross-presenting-DC expansion following a single injection. We demonstrated that Alb-Flt3L, in combination with standard-of-care chemotherapy and radiation therapy, serves as an in situ vaccination strategy capable of engendering polyclonal tumor neoantigen-specific immunity spontaneously. In addition, Alb-Flt3L-mediated tumor control synergized with immune checkpoint blockade delivered as anti-PD-L1. The mechanism of action of Alb-Flt3L treatment revealed a dependency on Batf3, type I IFNs, and plasmacytoid DCs. Finally, the ability of Alb-Flt3L to expand human DCs was explored in humanized mice. We observed significant expansion of human cross-presenting-DC subsets, supporting the notion that Alb-Flt3L could be used clinically to modulate human DC populations in future cancer therapeutic regimens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology and
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Esteban Velarde
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Rafael Villasmil
- Laboratory of Immunology, National Eye Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sung Taek Park
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | | | | | - T.-C. Wu
- Department of Pathology and
- Department of Oncology
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Uhm SY, Do TP, Montoya RH, Lam B, Kheirkhah A. Comparison of corneal tomographic parameters between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients. Graefes Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 262:143-148. [PMID: 37493776 DOI: 10.1007/s00417-023-06167-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare corneal tomographic parameters between Hispanic White and non-Hispanic White patients using Pentacam data. METHODS This retrospective study evaluated preoperative Pentacam data from 641 patients 50 years or older who underwent surgery for senile cataract and self-identified as Hispanic or non-Hispanic White. Patients of non-White race or multiethnic groups, or a history of surgery, trauma, or any abnormality of the cornea or anterior segment were excluded. Cornea and anterior segment parameters, as measured with Pentacam, were then compared between Hispanics and non-Hispanics. RESULTS There were 352 Hispanic White and 289 non-Hispanic White patients. These included 231 men and 410 women, with a mean age of 69.5 ± 8.2 years. There were no significant differences between Hispanics and non-Hispanics in front or back keratometry or amount of front astigmatism. However, Hispanics had a greater amount of back astigmatism (0.36 ± 0.19 vs 0.32 ± 0.17 diopter, P = 0.04). Moreover, there was a statistically significant difference in front steep axis of the left eyes between Hispanics and non-Hispanics (97.8 ± 47.9 vs 108.2 ± 48.9 deg, P = 0.01), and a marginally significant difference in front steep axis of the right eyes (81.0 ± 48.2 vs 73.5 ± 49.9 deg, P = 0.06). Hispanics also had a lower vertex pachymetry (548.1 ± 34.5 vs 553.4 ± 37.4 μm, P = 0.04) and a smaller anterior chamber volume (134.7 ± 39.0 vs 146.1 ± 39.9 mm3, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There are some differences in cornea and anterior segment parameters between Hispanics and non-Hispanics 50 years or older who underwent surgery for senile cataract. However, such differences may not be clinically significant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- So Yeon Uhm
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Trong Phat Do
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | | | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Ahmad Kheirkhah
- Department of Ophthalmology, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA.
- Medical Arts and Research Center, 8300 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Cousins K, Sano K, Lam B, Röltgen K, Bhavsar D, Singh G, McRae O, Jeong S, Aboelregal N, Ho HE, Boyd S, Krammer F, Cunningham-Rundles C. Detection of SARS-CoV-2 Antibodies in Immunoglobulin Products. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract 2023; 11:2534-2541.e2. [PMID: 37182564 PMCID: PMC10176888 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaip.2023.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND For patients with primary antibody deficiency, the first line of therapy is replacement with immunoglobulin (Ig) products. Prior to the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic, Ig products did not contain antibodies with specificity for this virus, and there have been limited data on the antibodies present in the Ig products in current use. OBJECTIVE To quantitatively examine SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in current Ig products. METHODS We examined 142 unique lots of 11 different Ig products intended for intravenous and/or subcutaneous delivery for IgG-binding activities against recombinant SARS-CoV-2 receptor binding domain, spike, and nucleocapsid proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In addition, to assess functionality, 48 of these unique lots were assessed for their ability to inhibit the variants SARS-CoV-2 Ancestral, Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron spike binding to angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2). RESULTS Significantly increased antibody values were observed for products manufactured after the year 2020 (expiration dates 2023-2024), as compared with Ig products before 2020 (prepandemic). Sixty percent and 85% of the Ig products with expiration dates of 2023 and 2024 were positive for antibody to SARS-CoV-2 proteins, respectively. The area under the curve values were significantly higher in products with later expiration dates. Later dates of expiration were also strongly correlated with inhibition of ACE2-binding activity; however, a decline in inhibition activity was observed with later variants. CONCLUSIONS Overall, more recent Ig products (expiration dates 2023-2025) contained significantly higher binding and inhibition activities against SARS-CoV-2 proteins, compared with earlier, or prepandemic products. Normal donor SARS-CoV-2 antibodies are capable of inhibiting ACE2-binding activities and may provide a therapeutic benefit for patients who do not make a robust vaccine response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kimberley Cousins
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Kaori Sano
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Disha Bhavsar
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Gagandeep Singh
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Oliver McRae
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA
| | - Stephanie Jeong
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Nouran Aboelregal
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Hsi-En Ho
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Scott Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford University, Palo Alto, Calif
| | - Florian Krammer
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Department of Pathology, Molecular and Cell-Based Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY; Center for Vaccine Research and Pandemic Preparedness (C-VaRPP), Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Anchoori RK, Anchoori V, Lam B, Tseng SH, Das S, Velasquez FC, Karanam B, Poddatoori D, Patnam R, Rudek MA, Chang YN, Roden RBS. Development and anticancer properties of Up284, a spirocyclic candidate ADRM1/RPN13 inhibitor. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0285221. [PMID: 37315065 PMCID: PMC10266688 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0285221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Bortezomib has been successful for treatment of multiple myeloma, but not against solid tumors, and toxicities of neuropathy, thrombocytopenia and the emergence of resistance have triggered efforts to find alternative proteasome inhibitors. Bis-benzylidine piperidones such as RA190 covalently bind ADRM1/RPN13, a ubiquitin receptor that supports recognition of polyubiquitinated substrates of the proteasome and their subsequent deububiqutination and degradation. While these candidate RPN13 inhibitors (iRPN13) show promising anticancer activity in mouse models of cancer, they have suboptimal drug-like properties. Here we describe Up284, a novel candidate iRPN13 possessing a central spiro-carbon ring in place of RA190's problematic piperidone core. Cell lines derived from diverse cancer types (ovarian, triple negative breast, colon, cervical and prostate cancers, multiple myeloma and glioblastoma) were sensitive to Up284, including several lines resistant to bortezomib or cisplatin. Up284 and cisplatin showed synergistic cytotoxicity in vitro. Up284-induced cytotoxicity was associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, elevated levels of reactive oxygen species, accumulation of very high molecular weight polyubiquitinated protein aggregates, an unfolded protein response and the early onset of apoptosis. Up284 and RA190, but not bortezomib, enhanced antigen presentation in vitro. Up284 cleared from plasma in a few hours and accumulated in major organs by 24 h. A single dose of Up284, when administered to mice intra peritoneally or orally, inhibited proteasome function in both muscle and tumor for >48 h. Up284 was well tolerated by mice in repeat dose studies. Up284 demonstrated therapeutic activity in xenograft, syngeneic and genetically-engineered murine models of ovarian cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ravi K Anchoori
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Up Therapeutics LLC, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Vidyasagar Anchoori
- Up Therapeutics LLC, Frederick, MD, United States of America
- SV Chem Biotech, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Samarjit Das
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Fernanda Carrizo Velasquez
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Balasubramanyam Karanam
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Tuskegee University, Tuskegee, Alabama, United States of America
| | | | - Ramesh Patnam
- Prochem Organics, IDA Pashamylaram, Isnapur, Medak, Telangana, India
| | - Michelle A Rudek
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Yung-Nien Chang
- Up Therapeutics LLC, Frederick, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Choi SS, van Unen V, Zhang H, Rustagi A, Alwahabi SA, Santos AJ, Chan JE, Lam B, Solis D, Mah J, Röltgen K, Trope W, Guh-Siesel A, Lin Z, Beck A, Edwards C, Mallajosyula V, Martin BA, Dunn JCY, Shrager J, Baric RA, Pinsky B, Boyd SD, Blish CA, Davis MM, Kuo CJ. Organoid modeling of lung-resident immune responses to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Res Sq 2023:rs.3.rs-2870695. [PMID: 37205380 PMCID: PMC10187413 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-2870695/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Tissue-resident immunity underlies essential host defenses against pathogens, but analysis in humans has lacked in vitro model systems where epithelial infection and accompanying resident immune cell responses can be observed en bloc. Indeed, human primary epithelial organoid cultures typically omit immune cells, and human tissue resident-memory lymphocytes are conventionally assayed without an epithelial infection component, for instance from peripheral blood, or after extraction from organs. Further, the study of resident immunity in animals can be complicated by interchange between tissue and peripheral immune compartments. To study human tissue-resident infectious immune responses in isolation from secondary lymphoid organs, we generated adult human lung three-dimensional air-liquid interface (ALI) lung organoids from intact tissue fragments that co-preserve epithelial and stromal architecture alongside endogenous lung-resident immune subsets. These included T, B, NK and myeloid cells, with CD69+CD103+ tissue-resident and CCR7- and/or CD45RA- TRM and conservation of T cell receptor repertoires, all corresponding to matched fresh tissue. SARS-CoV-2 vigorously infected organoid lung epithelium, alongside secondary induction of innate cytokine production that was inhibited by antiviral agents. Notably, SARS-CoV-2-infected organoids manifested adaptive virus-specific T cell activation that was specific for seropositive and/or previously infected donor individuals. This holistic non-reconstitutive organoid system demonstrates the sufficiency of lung to autonomously mount adaptive T cell memory responses without a peripheral lymphoid component, and represents an enabling method for the study of human tissue-resident immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shannon S. Choi
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Vincent van Unen
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Arjun Rustagi
- Department of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Samira A. Alwahabi
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - António J.M. Santos
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joshua E. Chan
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Daniel Solis
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Jordan Mah
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Katharina Röltgen
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Winston Trope
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Alexander Guh-Siesel
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Zhongqi Lin
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Aimee Beck
- Department of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Caitlin Edwards
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Vamsee Mallajosyula
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Brock A. Martin
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James C. Y. Dunn
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Joseph Shrager
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Ralph A. Baric
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Benjamin Pinsky
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Scott D. Boyd
- Department of Pathology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Catherine A. Blish
- Stanford Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Department of Infectious Disease and Geographic Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Mark M. Davis
- Departments of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Stanford Institute of Immunity, Transplantation and Infection, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Calvin J. Kuo
- Department of Medicine, Divisions of Hematology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Hui CKM, Hung IFN, Lam B, Lin AWC, So TMK, Wong ATY, Wong MCS. The role of a single-shot higher-valency pneumococcal vaccine in overcoming challenges regarding invasive pneumococcal disease in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2023; 29:11-14. [PMID: 36751099 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj235141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - I F N Hung
- Queen Mary Hospital, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Gleneagles Hospital Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B Lam
- Hong Kong Sanatorium & Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - T M K So
- Virtus Medical Centre, Hong Kong
| | | | - M C S Wong
- The Jockey Club School of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Editor-in-Chief, Hong Kong Medical Journal
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Costa Y, Lim A, Thorpe K, Mitchell S, Masellis M, Lam B, Black S, Boulos M. Investigating Changes in Cognition associated with the use of CPAP in Cognitive Impairment and Dementia: A Retrospective Study. Sleep Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2022.05.396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Asrani K, Woo J, Mendes AA, Schaffer E, Vidotto T, Villanueva CR, Feng K, Oliveira L, Murali S, Liu HB, Salles DC, Lam B, Argani P, Lotan TL. An mTORC1-mediated negative feedback loop constrains amino acid-induced FLCN-Rag activation in renal cells with TSC2 loss. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6808. [PMID: 36357396 PMCID: PMC9649702 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34617-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) integrates inputs from growth factors and nutrients, but how mTORC1 autoregulates its activity remains unclear. The MiT/TFE transcription factors are phosphorylated and inactivated by mTORC1 following lysosomal recruitment by RagC/D GTPases in response to amino acid stimulation. We find that starvation-induced lysosomal localization of the RagC/D GAP complex, FLCN:FNIP2, is markedly impaired in a mTORC1-sensitive manner in renal cells with TSC2 loss, resulting in unexpected TFEB hypophosphorylation and activation upon feeding. TFEB phosphorylation in TSC2-null renal cells is partially restored by destabilization of the lysosomal folliculin complex (LFC) induced by FLCN mutants and is fully rescued by forced lysosomal localization of the FLCN:FNIP2 dimer. Our data indicate that a negative feedback loop constrains amino acid-induced, FLCN:FNIP2-mediated RagC activity in renal cells with constitutive mTORC1 signaling, and the resulting MiT/TFE hyperactivation may drive oncogenesis with loss of the TSC2 tumor suppressor.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kaushal Asrani
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Juhyung Woo
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Adrianna A. Mendes
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Ethan Schaffer
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Thiago Vidotto
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Clarence Rachel Villanueva
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Kewen Feng
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Lia Oliveira
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Sanjana Murali
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Hans B. Liu
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Daniela C. Salles
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Pedram Argani
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| | - Tamara L. Lotan
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA ,grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zhao E, Sanz Garcia E, Liu Z, Marsh K, Abdul Razak A, Spreafico A, Bedard P, Hansen A, Lheureux S, Torti D, Lam B, Pugh T, Siu L. 1664MO Tumor-naïve methylomes and fragmentomes during pembrolizumab (P) in metastatic cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.07.1744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
14
|
Kung YJ, Lam B, Tseng SH, MacDonald A, Tu HF, Wang S, Lin J, Tsai YC, Wu TC, Hung CF. Localization of Salmonella and albumin-IL-2 to the tumor microenvironment augments anticancer T cell immunity. J Biomed Sci 2022; 29:57. [PMID: 35962391 PMCID: PMC9373295 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-022-00841-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For centuries, microbial-based agents have been investigated as a therapeutic modality for the treatment of cancer. In theory, these methods would be cheap to produce, broadly applicable in a wide array of cancer types, and could synergize with other cancer treatment strategies. We aimed to assess the efficacy of combining microbial-based therapy using Salmonella SL7207 with interleukin-2 (IL-2), a potent immunostimulatory agent, in the treatment of murine colon carcinoma. Methods Female BALB/c mice were implanted subcutaneously with CT26 tumors, a model of colon carcinoma. Mice bearing tumors were selected and administered Albumin-IL-2 (Alb-IL2), a fusion protein, for further analysis of anticancer effect. Results We demonstrated that Salmonella SL7207, a genetically modified strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium, preferentially accumulates in the tumor microenvironment, potentiating it to stimulate localized innate immunity. We delivered IL-2 as a fusion protein, Alb-IL2, which we demonstrate to have preferential accumulation properties, bringing it to the tumor and secondary lymphoid organs. Treatment of tumor-bearing mice with Salmonella + Alb-IL2 leads to superior tumor control and enhanced overall survival compared to controls. When assessing immunological factors contributing to our observed tumor control, significantly enhanced T cell population with superior effector function was observed in mice treated with Salmonella + Alb-IL2. We confirmed that these T cells were indispensable to the observed tumor control through antibody-mediated T cell depletion experiments. Conclusions These findings highlight the ability of Salmonella + Alb-IL2 to serve as a novel therapeutic approach to induce T cell-mediated antitumor immunity and exert long-term tumor control in a murine model of cancer. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12929-022-00841-y.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alana MacDonald
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hsin-Fang Tu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Suyang Wang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ya Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Tseng SH, Cheng MA, Farmer E, Ferrall L, Kung YJ, Lam B, Lim L, Wu TC, Hung CF. Albumin and interferon-β fusion protein serves as an effective vaccine adjuvant to enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cell-mediated antitumor immunity. J Immunother Cancer 2022; 10:e004342. [PMID: 35459734 PMCID: PMC9036441 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-004342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type I interferons (IFN) promote dendritic cells maturation and subsequently enhance generation of antigen-specific CD8 +T cell for the control of tumor. Using type I interferons as an adjuvant to vaccination could prove to be a potent strategy. However, type I interferons have a short half-life. Albumin linked to a protein will prolong the half-life of the linked protein. METHODS In this study, we explored the fusion of albumin to IFNβ (Alb-IFNβ) for its functional activity both in vitro and in vivo. We determined the half-life of Alb-IFNβ following treatment in the serum, tumor, and tumor draining lymph nodes in both wild type and FcRn knockout mice. We characterized the ability of Alb-IFNβ to enhance antigen-specific CD8+ T cells using ovalbumin (OVA) or human papillomavirus (HPV) E7 long peptides. Next, we evaluated the therapeutic antitumor effect of coadministration of AlbIFNβ with antigenic peptides against HPVE7 expressing tumor and the treatment's ability to generate HPVE7 antigen specific CD8+ T cells. The contribution of the antitumor effect by lymphocytes was also examined by an antibody depletion experiment. The ability of Alb-IFNβ to serve as an adjuvant was tested using clinical grade therapeutic protein-based HPV vaccine, TACIN. RESULTS Alb-IFNβ retains biological function and does not alter the biological activity of IFNβ. In addition, Alb-IFNβ extends half-life of IFNβ in serum, lymph nodes and tumor. The coadministration of Alb-IFNβ with OVA or HPVE7 antigenic peptides enhances antigen-specific CD8 +T cell immunity, and in a TC-1 tumor model results in a significant therapeutic antitumor effect. We found that CD8 +T cells and dendritic cells, but not CD4 +T cells, are important for the observed antitumor therapeutic effect mediated by Alb-IFNβ. Finally, Alb-IFNβ served as a potent adjuvant for TA-CIN for the treatment of HPV antigen expressing tumors. CONCLUSIONS Overall, Alb-IFNβ serves as a potent adjuvant for enhancement of strong antigen-specific CD8 +T cell antitumor immunity, reduction of tumor burden, and increase in overall survival. Alb-IFNβ potentially can serve as an innovative adjuvant for the development of vaccines for the control of infectious disease and cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Max A Cheng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Stanford Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Ling Lim
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - T-C Wu
- Pathology, Oncology, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins Univ, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Ley B, Winasti Satyagraha A, Kibria MG, Armstrong J, Bancone G, Bei AK, Bizilj G, Brito M, Ding XC, Domingo GJ, von Fricken ME, Gornsawun G, Lam B, Menard D, Monteiro W, Ongarello S, Pal S, Panggalo LV, Parikh S, Pfeffer DA, Price RN, da Silva Orfano A, Wade M, Wojnarski M, Worachet K, Yar A, Alam MS, Howes RE. Repeatability and reproducibility of a handheld quantitative G6PD diagnostic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2022; 16:e0010174. [PMID: 35176015 PMCID: PMC8853557 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0010174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of novel short course treatment regimens for the radical cure of Plasmodium vivax requires reliable point-of-care diagnosis that can identify glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficient individuals. While deficient males can be identified using a qualitative diagnostic test, the genetic make-up of females requires a quantitative measurement. SD Biosensor (Republic of Korea) has developed a handheld quantitative G6PD diagnostic (STANDARD G6PD test), that has approximately 90% accuracy in field studies for identifying individuals with intermediate or severe deficiency. The device can only be considered for routine care if precision of the assay is high. METHODS AND FINDINGS Commercial lyophilised controls (ACS Analytics, USA) with high, intermediate, and low G6PD activities were assessed 20 times on 10 Biosensor devices and compared to spectrophotometry (Pointe Scientific, USA). Each device was then dispatched to one of 10 different laboratories with a standard set of the controls. Each control was tested 40 times at each laboratory by a single user and compared to spectrophotometry results. When tested at one site, the mean coefficient of variation (CV) was 0.111, 0.172 and 0.260 for high, intermediate, and low controls across all devices respectively; combined G6PD Biosensor readings correlated well with spectrophotometry (rs = 0.859, p<0.001). When tested in different laboratories, correlation was lower (rs = 0.604, p<0.001) and G6PD activity determined by Biosensor for the low and intermediate controls overlapped. The use of lyophilised human blood samples rather than fresh blood may have affected these findings. Biosensor G6PD readings between sites did not differ significantly (p = 0.436), whereas spectrophotometry readings differed markedly between sites (p<0.001). CONCLUSIONS Repeatability and inter-laboratory reproducibility of the Biosensor were good; though the device did not reliably discriminate between intermediate and low G6PD activities of the lyophilized specimens. Clinical studies are now required to assess the devices performance in practice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benedikt Ley
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | | | | | - Jillian Armstrong
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Germana Bancone
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Amy K. Bei
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Greg Bizilj
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Marcelo Brito
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Gornpan Gornsawun
- Shoklo Malaria Research Unit, Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Mae Sot, Thailand
| | - Brandon Lam
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Didier Menard
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Paris, France
- Laboratoire de Parasitologie et Mycologie Médicale, Les Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
- Institut de Parasitologie et Pathologie Tropicale, UR7292 Dynamique des interactions hôte pathogène, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Wuelton Monteiro
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical Dr. Heitor Vieira Dourado, Manaus, Brazil
| | | | - Sampa Pal
- PATH, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Sunil Parikh
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Daniel A. Pfeffer
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
| | - Ric N. Price
- Global and Tropical Health Division, Menzies School of Health Research and Charles Darwin University, Darwin, Australia
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- Mahidol-Oxford Tropical Medicine Research Unit (MORU), Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Alessandra da Silva Orfano
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Martina Wade
- Yale School of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Mariusz Wojnarski
- Armed Forces Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Aqsa Yar
- Institut Pasteur, INSERM U1201, Paris, France
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Fang Z, Wanigasekara MSK, Yepremyan A, Lam B, Thapa P, Foss FW, Chowdhury SM. Mass Spectrometry-Cleavable Protein N-Terminal Tagging Strategy for System-Level Protease Activity Profiling. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2022; 33:189-197. [PMID: 34928623 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.1c00350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis is one of the most important protein post-translational modifications (PTMs) that influences the functions, activities, and structures of nearly all proteins during their lifetime. To facilitate the targeted identification of low-abundant proteolytic products, we devised a strategy incorporating a novel biotinylated reagent PFP (pentafluorophenyl)-Rink-biotin to specifically target, enrich and identify proteolytic N-termini. Within the PFP-Rink-biotin reagent, a mass spectrometry (MS)-cleavable feature was designed to assist in the unambiguous confirmation of the enriched proteolytic N-termini. The proof-of-concept study was performed with multiple standard proteins whose N-termini were successfully modified, enriched and identified by a signature ion (SI) in the MS/MS fragmentation, along with the determination of N-terminal peptide sequences by multistage tandem MS of the complementary fragment generated after the cleavage of MS-cleavable bond. For large-scale application, the enrichment and identification of protein N-termini from Escherichia coli cells were demonstrated, facilitated by an in-house developed NTermFinder bioinformatics workflow. We believe this approach will be beneficial in improving the confidence of identifying proteolytic substrates in a native cellular environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zixiang Fang
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| | - Maheshika S K Wanigasekara
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| | - Akop Yepremyan
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| | - Pawan Thapa
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| | - Frank W Foss
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| | - Saiful M Chowdhury
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington Texas 76019, United States
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
MacDonald A, Lam B, Lin J, Ferrall L, Kung YJ, Tsai YC, Wu TC, Hung CF. Delivery of IL-2 to the T Cell Surface Through Phosphatidylserine Permits Robust Expansion of CD8 T Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755995. [PMID: 34804041 PMCID: PMC8599986 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The phospholipid phosphatidylserine (PS) is naturally maintained on the cytoplasmic side of the plasma membrane. Independent of apoptosis, PS is redistributed to the surface of CD8 T cells in response to TCR-mediated activation. Annexin V (AnnV) is a protein known to bind PS with high affinity and has been effectively utilized to anchor antigen to the surface of CD8 T cells. To expand these studies, we aimed to exploit TCR activation driven PS exposure as a target to deliver cytokine, namely interleukin-2 (IL-2), to the surface of CD8 T cells. This was accomplished using a novel chimeric fusion protein of annexin V and interleukin 2 (AnnV-IL2). In vitro analysis revealed that AnnV-IL2 is able to specifically bind PS on the T cell surface following TCR stimulation. Consequently, AnnV-IL2 proved to be significantly more effective at enhancing T cell activation compared to recombinant IL-2. In vivo, AnnV-IL2 promotes robust expansion of antigen-specific cells capable of interferon gamma (IFNγ) production when administered following peptide vaccination. Importantly, upon antigen rechallenge, AnnV-IL2 treatment mice demonstrated a stronger secondary expansion, indicating durability of AnnV-IL2 mediated responses. Our data supports the use of AnnV-IL2 to modulate antigen-specific T cell immunity and demonstrates that the PS-AnnV axis is a feasible mechanism to target diverse cargo to CD8 T cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alana MacDonald
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Lam
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Ya Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Lam B, Kung YJ, Lin J, Tseng SH, Tsai YC, He L, Castiglione G, Egbert E, Duh EJ, Bloch EM, Tobian AAR, Milstone AM, Roden RBS, Wu TC, Hung CF. In vivo characterization of emerging SARS-CoV-2 variant infectivity and human antibody escape potential. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109838. [PMID: 34648735 PMCID: PMC8491932 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
As severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spreads, variants with enhanced virulence and transmissibility have emerged. Although in vitro systems allow rapid characterization, they do not fully recapitulate the dynamic interaction of virions and neutralizing antibodies in the airway. Here, we demonstrate that the N501Y variant permits respiratory infection in unmodified mice. We utilize N501Y to survey in vivo pseudovirus infection dynamics and susceptibility to reinfection with the L452R (Los Angeles), K417N + E484K (South Africa), and L452R + K417N + E484Q (India) variants. Human coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)+ or vaccinated antibody isotypes, titers, variant receptor binding domain (RBD) binding, and neutralization potential are studied, revealing numerous significant correlations. Immune escape of the K417N + E484K variant is observed because infection can be appreciated in the nasopharynx, but not lungs, of mice transferred with low-antibody-tier plasma. Conversely, near-complete protection is observed in animals receiving high-antibody-tier plasma, a phenomenon that can only be appreciated in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Ya Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Liangmei He
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Gianni Castiglione
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Emily Egbert
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Elia J Duh
- Department of Ophthalmology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Evan M Bloch
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron A R Tobian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Aaron M Milstone
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Hospital Epidemiology and Infection Control, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Tzyy-Choou Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA; Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Henkle TR, Lam B, Kung YJ, Lin J, Tseng SH, Ferrall L, Xing D, Hung CF, Wu TC. Development of a Novel Mouse Model of Spontaneous High-Risk HPVE6/E7-Expressing Carcinoma in the Cervicovaginal Tract. Cancer Res 2021; 81:4560-4569. [PMID: 34215618 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-21-0399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Current preclinical models for cervical cancer lack important clinical and pathologic features. To improve upon these models, we aimed to develop a novel, spontaneous HPV16-expressing carcinoma model that captures major aspects of HPV-associated cancer in the female genital tract. This novel preclinical model features (i) expression of HPV oncogenes E6 and E7 in the tumors in female reproductive tract of mice, (ii) spontaneous progression through high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) to carcinoma, and (iii) flexibility to model cancers from different high-risk HPV genotypes. This was accomplished by injecting plasmids expressing HPV16 E6/E7-luciferase, AKT, c-myc, and Sleeping Beauty transposase into the cervicovaginal tract of C57BL/6 mice followed by electroporation. Cell lines derived from these tumors expressed HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes, formed tumors in immunocompetent mice, and displayed carcinoma morphology. In all, this novel HPV-associated cervicogenital carcinoma model and HPV16E6/E7-expressing tumor cell line improves upon current HPV16-E6/E7-expressing tumor models. These tumor models may serve as important preclinical models for the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines or novel therapeutic interventions against HPV E6/E7-expressing tumors. SIGNIFICANCE: This study describes the development of a clinically relevant mouse model of cervicovaginal carcinoma that progresses from high-grade lesions and recapitulates key features of human HPV+ cervical cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Talia R Henkle
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Deyin Xing
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - T-C Wu
- Department of Pathology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland. .,Department of Oncology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Lam B, Li JJ, Mukarram M, Nemnom MJ, Booth R, Thiruganasambandamoorthy V. Validation of the Ottawa Troponin Pathway. Australas Emerg Care 2021; 25:37-40. [PMID: 33965342 DOI: 10.1016/j.auec.2021.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ottawa Troponin Pathway (OTP) was developed to improve Non-ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) diagnosis accuracy using 3-h serial conventional troponin I (TnI) measurements. We sought to validate the OTP in patients with TnI values >99th percentile upper reference limit (>45 ng/L). METHODS We conducted a health records review in adult patients with NSTEMI symptoms with at least two serial TnI and at least one >45 ng/L at two emergency departments (EDs). We collected baseline characteristics, ED management and disposition. 30-day outcomes included death due to cardiac ischemia, an unknown cause, or NSTEMI. RESULTS 635 patients were included, and 107 patients were diagnosed with NSTEMI within 30-days. 217 patients had at least one TnI value >45 ng/L but <100 ng/L, of whom 4 patients were diagnosed with NSTEMI. 418 patients had at least one TnI value ≥100 ng/L, and 103 were diagnosed with NSTEMI. The OTP accurately identified all 107 patients with NSTEMI: sensitivity and specificity was 100% (95% CI 96.6%-100%) and 32.2% (95% CI 28.2%-36.4) respectively. CONCLUSIONS The OTP is validated among patients with TnI values above the 99th percentile with symptoms concerning for ACS. Using OTP will allow for early referral and discharge home and improve ED crowding. REB NUMBER 20180393-01H.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Lam
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jesse Junyi Li
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Ronald Booth
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; Division of Biochemistry, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Pathology & Lab Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Venkatesh Thiruganasambandamoorthy
- The Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada; School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Kung YJ, Lam B, Lin J, Wu T, Hung CF. Novel immunotherapeutic Albumin-Flt3L enhances antigen-specific immunity and tumor control following chemoradiation: An analysis of underlying mechanism. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.29.08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
CD8+ cells are essential to anti-cancer immunity following chemoradiation and immunotherapy. The induction of tumor specific T cells depends on the presentation of tumor associated antigens/neoantigens. This generates a bottleneck to effective antitumor immunity, where only antigens efficiently presented on MHCI can serve as CD8 T cell targets. To bypass this, we have developed a novel immunotherapeutic by fusing albumin to Flt3L (Alb-Flt3L), a cytokine known to enhance cross-presenting cDC1s, and described its function. Previously, we observed that MC38-tumor bearing mice treated with Alb-Flt3L + radiotherapy engenders neoantigen-specific T cells by tetramer staining. Now we have expanded this analysis to query the breadth and depth of CD8+ TILs by TCRb sequencing. Sorted and sequenced ADPGKneo-specific CD8 T cells encompassed a multitude of unique rearrangements, suggesting polyclonal neoantigen coverage, and bulk CD8+ cells showed a greater Diversity Index in Alb-Flt3L + radiotherapy treated mice compared to controls. We also sought to investigate the mechanism of tumor control following treatment with Alb-Flt3L + chemoradiation. The role of Batf3, a cDC1 transcription factor, type-I-interferons, cytokines essential to immune activation following chemoradiation, and pDCs, an Alb-Flt3L-tropic cell type also capable of cross-presentation, were investigated using knockout mice or antibody depletion in tumor bearing mice treated with cisplatin. This study confirmed the role of these factors in Alb-Flt3L-mediated responses, as worse tumor control was observed in the absence of Batf3, pDCs, or type-I-interferon signaling. Altogether, we were able to characterize mechanisms mediating Alb-Flt3L’s antitumor effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jui Kung
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - Brandon Lam
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - John Lin
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | - T.C. Wu
- 1Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sharma J, Collins T, Lam B, Cain A, Roach TR, Cornaby C, Polk TB, Morel L, Larkin J. SOCS1 mimetics attenuate autoimmune pathology in a murine model of lupus. The Journal of Immunology 2021. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.66.02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are driven, in large part, by the aberrant activation of lymphocytes which mediate a dysregulated cytokine milieu and produce pathogenic, auto-reactive antibodies. Notably, many cytokines, including interferon gamma (IFN-γ), utilize the JAK/STAT pathway for signal propagation. Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling-1 (SOCS-1) is an inducible, intracellular protein known to regulate IFN-γ signaling through dampening of the JAK/STAT signaling cascade. We have previously shown that a peptide mimicking the kinase inhibitory region of SOCS1 (SOCS1-KIR) inhibited IFN-γ signaling and inflammation-driven disease progression. Using Fas deficient MRL/lpr mice, which spontaneously develop a lupus-like disease, we tested the hypothesis that SOCS1-KIR administration would alter lymphocyte phenotype and modulate lupus-associated pathologies. SOCS1-KIR administration reduced severity of skin lesions, autoantibody production, and modestly reduced kidney pathology. On a cellular level, peritoneal SOCS1-KIR administration enhanced Foxp3 expression in total splenic and follicular regulatory T cells, reduced the effector memory/naïve T lymphocyte ratio for both CD4+ and CD8+ cells, and reduced the frequency of germinal center B cells. Together, these data show that SOCS1-KIR treatment altered lymphocyte phenotype and suggest that therapeutic targeting of the SOCS1 pathway through peptide administration may have efficacy in mitigating autoimmune pathologies.
Collapse
|
24
|
Tseng SH, Lam B, Kung YJ, Lin J, Liu L, Tsai YC, Ferrall L, Roden RBS, Wu TC, Hung CF. A novel pseudovirus-based mouse model of SARS-CoV-2 infection to test COVID-19 interventions. J Biomed Sci 2021; 28:34. [PMID: 33926459 PMCID: PMC8084690 DOI: 10.1186/s12929-021-00729-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spread of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19), has been characterized as a worldwide pandemic. Currently, there are few preclinical animal models that suitably represent infection, as the main point of entry to human cells is via human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) which is not present in typical preclinical mouse strains. Additionally, SARS-CoV-2 is highly virulent and unsafe for use in many research facilities. Here we describe the development of a preclinical animal model using intranasal administration of ACE2 followed by non-infectious SARS-CoV-2 pseudovirus (PsV) challenge. METHODS To specifically generate our SARS-CoV-2 PsV, we used a lentivirus system. Following co-transfection with a packaging plasmid containing HIV Gag and Pol, luciferase-expressing lentiviruses, and a plasmid carrying the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 PsVs can be isolated and purified. To better understand and maximize the infectivity of SARS-CoV-2 PsV, we generated PsV carrying spike protein variants known to have varying human ACE2 binding properties, including 19 deletion (19del) and 19del + D614G. RESULTS Our system demonstrated the ability of PsVs to infect the respiratory passage of mice following intranasal hACE2 transduction. Additionally, we demonstrate in vitro and in vivo manipulability of our system using recombinant receptor-binding domain protein to prevent PsV infection. CONCLUSIONS Our PsV system is able to model SARS-CoV-2 infections in a preclinical mouse model and can be used to test interventions or preventative treatments. We believe that this method can be extended to work in various mouse strains or to model infection with different coronaviruses. A simple in vivo system such as our model is crucial for rapidly and effectively responding to the current COVID-19 pandemic in addition to preparing for future potential coronavirus outbreaks.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yu Jui Kung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - John Lin
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ya Chea Tsai
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Louise Ferrall
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Richard B S Roden
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - T C Wu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII 307, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Thiruganasambandamoorthy V, Lam B, Chaudry H, Mukarram M, Nemnom MJ, Kim SM, Ishimwe AC, Taljaard M, Beanland R, Booth R, Hebert G, Stiell I. Diagnostic Utility of Creatine Kinase in Patients Presenting to the Emergency Department with Chest Pain. UOJM 2021. [DOI: 10.18192/uojm.v10i2.4826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Creatine Kinase (CK) is routinely performed in some emergency departments (ED) for Non-ST-elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) workup. Its diagnostic utility is not well understood. The objectives of this study were to assess the value of CK in NSTEMI diagnosis in the troponin era and the association between the highest CK/Troponin values and ejection fraction (EF) during NSTEMI follow-up.
Methods: A prospective cohort study conducted at the two EDs of The Ottawa Hospital from March 2014 to March 2016 enrolled adults (≥18 years) for whom troponin I (TnI) and CK were ordered for NSTEMI symptoms. We excluded those with ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI). The primary outcome was a NSTEMI within 30 days. We used descriptive statistics and report test diagnostic characteristics with 95% confidence intervals (CI). We compared the highest median CK/Troponin values using Wilcoxon test.
Results: Of the 2,153 patients enrolled, 99 (4.6%) suffered a NSTEMI. The sensitivity and specificity were: CK (cutoff >250U/L) 31.3% (95%CI 22.2, 40.5) and 91.1% (95%CI 89.9, 92.4) respectively; TnI (cutoff >0.045µg/L) 98.0% (95%CI 95.2, 100) and 86.2% (95%CI 84.7, 87.7) respectively. The median CK values were not significantly different between those with normal (n=267) and abnormal EF (n=55) on follow-up (107 U/L and 118 U/L respectively; p=0.31), whereas the median TnI values were significantly different (0.02 µg/L and 0.1 µg/L respectively; p<0.0001).
Conclusions: CK measurements do not provide any value in the ED work-up of NSTEMI and is not associated with EF on follow-up. Discontinuing routine CK measurements would improve resource utilization.
Collapse
|
26
|
Mafi A, Purohit R, Vielmas E, Lauinger AR, Lam B, Cheng YS, Zhang T, Huang Y, Kim SK, Goddard WA, Ondrus AE. Hedgehog proteins create a dynamic cholesterol interface. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246814. [PMID: 33630857 PMCID: PMC7906309 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
During formation of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling proteins, cooperative activities of the Hedgehog INTein (Hint) fold and Sterol Recognition Region (SRR) couple autoproteolysis to cholesterol ligation. The cholesteroylated Hh morphogens play essential roles in embryogenesis, tissue regeneration, and tumorigenesis. Despite the centrality of cholesterol in Hh function, the full structure of the Hint-SRR ("Hog") domain that attaches cholesterol to the last residue of the active Hh morphogen remains enigmatic. In this work, we combine molecular dynamics simulations, photoaffinity crosslinking, and mutagenesis assays to model cholesterolysis intermediates in the human Sonic Hedgehog (hSHH) protein. Our results provide evidence for a hydrophobic Hint-SRR interface that forms a dynamic, non-covalent cholesterol-Hog complex. Using these models, we suggest a unified mechanism by which Hh proteins can recruit, sequester, and orient cholesterol, and offer a molecular basis for the effects of disease-causing hSHH mutations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amirhossein Mafi
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Rahul Purohit
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Erika Vielmas
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Alexa R. Lauinger
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Yu-Shiuan Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Tianyi Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Yiran Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - Soo-Kyung Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
| | - William A. Goddard
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AEO); (WAG)
| | - Alison E. Ondrus
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (AEO); (WAG)
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Nafie E, Lolarga J, Lam B, Guo J, Abdollahzadeh E, Rodriguez S, Glackin C, Liu J. Harmine inhibits breast cancer cell migration and invasion by inducing the degradation of Twist1. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0247652. [PMID: 33626096 PMCID: PMC7904211 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0247652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in the United States. The majority of deaths (90%) in breast cancer patients is caused by invasion and metastasis-two features related to the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Twist1 is a key transcription factor that promotes the EMT, which leads to cell migration, invasion, cancer metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. Harmine is a beta-carboline alkaloid found in a variety of plants and was recently shown to be able to induce degradation of Twist Family BHLH Transcription Factor 1 (Twist1) in non-small cell lung cancer cells (NSCLC). In this study, we show that harmine can inhibit migration and invasion of both human and mouse breast cancer cells in a dose-dependent manner. Further study shows that this inhibition is most likely achieved by inducing a proteasome-dependent Twist1 degradation. At the concentrations tested, harmine did not affect the viability of cells significantly, suggesting that its inhibition of cancer cell migration and invasion is largely independent of its cytotoxicity, but due to its ability to affect regulators of EMT such as Twist1. This result may facilitate the development of strategies that target Twist1 to treat metastatic breast cancer, as Twist1 is expressed at a high level in metastatic breast cancer cells but not in normal cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ebtesam Nafie
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Sciences, Benha University, Benha, Egypt
| | - Jade Lolarga
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Guo
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Elnaz Abdollahzadeh
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| | - Sandy Rodriguez
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Long Beach, CA, United States of America
| | - Carlotta Glackin
- Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States of America
| | - Junjun Liu
- Department of Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Pomona, CA, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
von Fricken ME, Voorhees MA, Koehler JW, Asbun C, Lam B, Qurollo B, Hogan KM, Baasandagva U, Jigjav B, Schoepp RJ. Molecular Characteristics of Rickettsia in Ticks Collected along the Southern Border of Mongolia. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9110943. [PMID: 33202715 PMCID: PMC7696098 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9110943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tick-borne infections are a significant threat to public health, particularly in regions where individuals frequently enter tick habitats. Roughly 26% of the population in Mongolia practice nomadic pastoralism and are considered at high risk of exposure to ticks and the diseases they carry. This study tested ticks from Mongolia’s southern border for Rickettsia spp. to better understand the epidemiology of tick-borne diseases in the region. Dermacentor nuttalli and Hyalomma asiaticum ticks (n = 4022) were pooled and tested for Rickettsia spp. by real-time PCR. Melt-curve analyses and Sanger sequencing were used to identify Rickettsia species. Approximately 64% of the 786 tick pools tested positive for Rickettsia bacteria. Melt curve analyses identified four different Rickettsia species circulating in these tick pools. Amplicon sequencing of the ompA gene identified Rickettsia spp. that closely resembled R. raoultii and R. sibirica. Dermacentor nuttalli ticks from Govi-Altai had the highest maximum likelihood estimation infection rate 48.4% (95% CI: 41.7–56.5%), while Hyalommaasiaticum collected in Omnogovi had a rate of 7.6% (95% CI: 6.2–9.2%). The high detection of Rickettsia suggests a substantial risk of infection in southern Mongolia. Further studies are necessary to investigate the clinical burden of tick-borne diseases in Mongolia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael E. von Fricken
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (C.A.); (K.M.H.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-703-993-4667
| | - Matthew A. Voorhees
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.A.V.); (J.W.K.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Jeffrey W. Koehler
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.A.V.); (J.W.K.); (R.J.S.)
| | - Carmen Asbun
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (C.A.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Brandon Lam
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA;
| | - Barbara Qurollo
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27606, USA;
| | - Kathryn M. Hogan
- Department of Global and Community Health, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA; (C.A.); (K.M.H.)
| | - Uyanga Baasandagva
- National Center for Zoonotic Diseases, Ulaanbaatar 16000, Mongolia; (U.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Battsetseg Jigjav
- National Center for Zoonotic Diseases, Ulaanbaatar 16000, Mongolia; (U.B.); (B.J.)
| | - Randal J. Schoepp
- United States Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases (USAMRIID), Frederick, MD 21702, USA; (M.A.V.); (J.W.K.); (R.J.S.)
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Asrani K, Murali S, Lam B, Na CH, Phatak P, Sood A, Kaur H, Khan Z, Noë M, Anchoori RK, Talbot CC, Smith B, Skaro M, Lotan TL. mTORC1 feedback to AKT modulates lysosomal biogenesis through MiT/TFE regulation. J Clin Invest 2020; 129:5584-5599. [PMID: 31527310 DOI: 10.1172/jci128287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The microphthalmia family of transcription factors (MiT/TFEs) controls lysosomal biogenesis and is negatively regulated by the nutrient sensor mTORC1. However, the mechanisms by which cells with constitutive mTORC1 signaling maintain lysosomal catabolism remain to be elucidated. Using the murine epidermis as a model system, we found that epidermal Tsc1 deletion resulted in a phenotype characterized by wavy hair and curly whiskers, and was associated with increased EGFR and HER2 degradation. Unexpectedly, constitutive mTORC1 activation with Tsc1 loss increased lysosomal content via upregulated expression and activity of MiT/TFEs, whereas genetic deletion of Rheb or Rptor or prolonged pharmacologic mTORC1 inactivation had the reverse effect. This paradoxical increase in lysosomal biogenesis by mTORC1 was mediated by feedback inhibition of AKT, and a resulting suppression of AKT-induced MiT/TFE downregulation. Thus, inhibiting hyperactive AKT signaling in the context of mTORC1 loss-of-function fully restored MiT/TFE expression and activity. These data suggest that signaling feedback loops work to restrain or maintain cellular lysosomal content during chronically inhibited or constitutively active mTORC1 signaling, respectively, and reveal a mechanism by which mTORC1 regulates upstream receptor tyrosine kinase signaling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Chan-Hyun Na
- Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pornima Phatak
- Baltimore Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Barbara Smith
- Department of Cell Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Tseng SH, Park ST, Lam B, Tsai YC, Cheng MA, Farmer E, Xing D, Hung CF. Novel, genetically induced mouse model that recapitulates the histological morphology and immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment of metastatic peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Immunother Cancer 2020; 8:e000480. [PMID: 32111730 PMCID: PMC7057437 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2019-000480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Peritoneal carcinomatosis is a hallmark of advanced peritoneal tumor progression, particularly for tubal/ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas (HGSCs). Patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis have poor survival rates and are difficult to treat clinically due to widespread tumor dissemination in the peritoneal cavity. METHODS We developed a clinically relevant, genetically induced, peritoneal carcinomatosis model that recapitulates the histological morphology and immunosuppressive state of the tumor microenvironment of metastatic peritoneal HGSCs by intraperitoneally injecting shp53, AKT, c-Myc, luciferase and sleeping beauty transposase, followed by electroporation (EP) in the peritoneal cavity of immunocompetent mice (intraperitoneal (IP)/EP mice). RESULTS Similar to the spread of human ovarian cancers, IP/EP mice displayed multiple tumor nodules attached to the surface of the abdomen. Histopathological analysis indicated that these tumors were epithelial in origin. These IP/EP mice also displayed a loss of CD3+ T cell infiltration in tumors, highly expressed inhibitory checkpoint molecules in tumor-infiltrating and global CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, and increased levels of transforming growth factor-β in the ascites, all of which contribute to the promotion of tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Overall, our tumor model recapitulates clinical peritoneal HGSC metastasis, which makes it ideal for preclinical drug screening, testing of immunotherapy-based therapeutics and studying of the tumor biology of peritoneal carcinomatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sung-Taek Park
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ya-Chea Tsai
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Max A Cheng
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Deyin Xing
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kang TH, Mao CP, Kim YS, Kim TW, Yang A, Lam B, Tseng SH, Farmer E, Park YM, Hung CF. TLR9 acts as a sensor for tumor-released DNA to modulate anti-tumor immunity after chemotherapy. J Immunother Cancer 2019; 7:260. [PMID: 31619293 PMCID: PMC6794732 DOI: 10.1186/s40425-019-0738-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment exists in a state of dynamic equilibrium, in which a balance of agonist and antagonist signals govern the anti-tumor immune responses. Previous studies have shown that chemotherapy could shift this balance in favor of agonistic signals for the anti-tumor immune responses mounted by CD8+ cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL), providing sufficiently high antigen density within the tumor. We undertook the current study to characterize the anti-tumor immune response following chemotherapy and its underlying mechanisms. We show that this 'adjuvant effect' of chemotherapy is, at least partially, mediated by the release of tumor DNA and acts through the Toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) pathway. We found that tumor-released DNA causes accumulation, antigen uptake, and maturation of dendritic cells (DCs) in the tumor in a TLR9-dependent manner. These DCs subsequently migrate into the draining lymph nodes and prime tumor-specific CTLs. Our study provides novel insights to the molecular and cellular mechanisms by which chemotherapy converts the tumor microenvironment into a site permissive for the activation of a potent tumor-specific adaptive immune response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Heung Kang
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Chih-Ping Mao
- MD-PhD Program, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Young Seob Kim
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268, Chungju, South Korea
| | - Tae Woo Kim
- Division of Infection and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Andrew Yang
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- MD-PhD Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brandon Lam
- Graduate Program in Immunology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ssu-Hsueh Tseng
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Emily Farmer
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yeong-Min Park
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Konkuk University, 268, Chungju, South Korea.
| | - Chien-Fu Hung
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Asrani K, Sood A, Murali S, Na C, Kaur H, Khan Z, Lam B, Phatak P, Noë M, Anchoori R, Talbot C, Smith B, Skaro M, Lotan T. 429 mTORC1 feedback to AKT modulates MiT/TFE-driven lysosomal biogenesis and EGFR degradation. J Invest Dermatol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.03.505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
|
33
|
Zheng S, Qu Z, Zanetti M, Lam B, Chin-Sang I. C. elegans PTEN and AMPK block neuroblast divisions by inhibiting a BMP-insulin-PP2A-MAPK pathway. Development 2018; 145:145/23/dev166876. [PMID: 30487179 DOI: 10.1242/dev.166876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Caenorhabditis elegans that hatch in the absence of food stop their postembryonic development in a process called L1 arrest. Intriguingly, we find that the postembryonic Q neuroblasts divide and migrate during L1 arrest in mutants that have lost the energy sensor AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) or the insulin/IGF-1 signaling (IIS) negative regulator DAF-18/PTEN. We report that DBL-1/BMP works upstream of IIS to promote agonistic insulin-like peptides during L1 arrest. However, the abnormal Q cell divisions that occur during L1 arrest use a novel branch of the IIS pathway that is independent of the terminal transcription factor DAF-16/FOXO. Using genetic epistasis and drug interactions we show that AMPK functions downstream of, or in parallel with DAF-18/PTEN and IIS to inhibit PP2A function. Further, we show that PP2A regulates the abnormal Q cell divisions by activating the MPK-1/ERK signaling pathway via LIN-45/RAF, independently of LET-60/RAS. PP2A acts as a tumor suppressor in many oncogenic signaling cascades. Our work demonstrates a new role for PP2A that is needed to induce neuroblast divisions during starvation and is regulated by both insulin and AMPK.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanqing Zheng
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Zhi Qu
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Michael Zanetti
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Brandon Lam
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| | - Ian Chin-Sang
- Department of Biology, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, Canada K7L 3N6
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Iglesias M, Arun A, Chicco M, Lam B, Talbot CC, Ivanova V, Lee WPA, Brandacher G, Raimondi G. Type-I Interferons Inhibit Interleukin-10 Signaling and Favor Type 1 Diabetes Development in Nonobese Diabetic Mice. Front Immunol 2018; 9:1565. [PMID: 30061883 PMCID: PMC6054963 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.01565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Destruction of insulin-producing β-cells by autoreactive T lymphocytes leads to the development of type 1 diabetes. Type-I interferons (TI-IFN) and interleukin-10 (IL-10) have been connected with the pathophysiology of this disease; however, their interplay in the modulation of diabetogenic T cells remains unknown. We have discovered that TI-IFN cause a selective inhibition of IL-10 signaling in effector and regulatory T cells, altering their responses. This correlates with diabetes development in nonobese diabetic mice, where the inhibition is also spatially localized to T cells of pancreatic and mesenteric lymph nodes. IL-10 signaling inhibition is reversible and can be restored via blockade of TI-IFN/IFN-R interaction, paralleling with the resulting delay in diabetes onset and reduced severity. Overall, we propose a novel molecular link between TI-IFN and IL-10 signaling that helps better understand the complex dynamics of autoimmune diabetes development and reveals new strategies of intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Iglesias
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Anirudh Arun
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Maria Chicco
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Brandon Lam
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - C Conover Talbot
- Institute for Basic Biomedical Sciences, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Vera Ivanova
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - W P A Lee
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Gerald Brandacher
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Giorgio Raimondi
- Vascularized and Composite Allotransplantation Laboratory, Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Lozano MI, Arun A, Chicco M, Lam B, Ivanova V, Lee WA, Brandacher G, Raimondi G. Type-1 interferon impairs the immunoregulatory activity of IL-10: Understanding the mechanisms of abrogation of transplant tolerance. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.55.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Long term transplant survival by costimulation blockade (CoB)-based regimens is impaired or eroded by inflammatory responses. Type-1 interferons (TI-IFN) are key mediators of this effect, however, their target population and mechanism of action remain unknown. To better understand how IFN-β interferes with the induction of transplant tolerance, we studied its impact on the recently discovered immunomodulatory properties of interleukin 10 (IL-10) in mouse T cells.
We first demonstrate that IL-10 has an unappreciated fundamental role in transplant tolerance, as its transient blockade in recipients of full mismatch skin grafts impairs the efficacy of a peri-transplant CoB regimen based on donor specific transfusion (DST) plus anti-CD154. Moreover, when T cells are exposed to IFN-β in vitro, they develop a selective dramatic defect in their response to IL-10 (but not to IL-6) both at the signaling and gene-induction level. This IL-10-specific unresponsiveness is not associated with any reduction of IL-10R expression or an increase in SOCS1 and 3, nor with a reduced STAT3 cytoplasmic availability. Instead, our gene-expression and functional analysis suggests a novel “cross-regulatory” role for the transcription factor STAT1. Encouragingly, this inhibition is slowly reversible with the removal of TI-IFN, proving the feasibility a pharmacological intervention. Overall, these results reveal a new molecular mechanism whereby IFN-β interferes with the suppressive function of IL-10 in T cells, and potentially with regulation of alloreactivity. Identifying a strategy to target this mechanism will then be a powerful tool to improve the efficacy of CoB-based strategies for transplant tolerance induction.
Collapse
|
36
|
Soo Y, Leung K, Abrigo J, Tsang S, Lam B, Ma K, Ma S, Ip V, Au L, Fan F, Ip B, Chu W, Mok V, Wong L, Leung T. Correlation of warfarin exposure with cerebral microbleeds in atrial fibrillation. J Neurol Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jns.2017.08.262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
37
|
Diaz L, Marabelle A, Kim T, Geva R, Van Cutsem E, André T, Ascierto P, Maio M, Delord JP, Gottfried M, Guimbaud R, Jaeger D, Elez E, Yoshino T, Joe A, Lam B, Ding J, Pruitt S, Kang S, Le D. Efficacy of pembrolizumab in phase 2 KEYNOTE-164 and KEYNOTE-158 studies of microsatellite instability high cancers. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx367.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
38
|
MacLeod BP, Schauer PA, Hu K, Lam B, Fork DK, Berlinguette CP. High-temperature high-pressure calorimeter for studying gram-scale heterogeneous chemical reactions. Rev Sci Instrum 2017; 88:084101. [PMID: 28863635 DOI: 10.1063/1.4999361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We present an instrument for measuring pressure changes and heat flows of physical and chemical processes occurring in gram-scale solid samples under high pressures of reactive gases. Operation is demonstrated at 1232 °C under 33 bars of pure hydrogen. Calorimetric heat flow is inferred using a grey-box non-linear lumped-element heat transfer model of the instrument. Using an electrical calibration heater to deliver 900 J/1 W pulses at the sample position, we demonstrate a dynamic calorimetric power resolution of 50 mW when an 80-s moving average is applied to the signal. Integration of the power signal showed that the 900 J pulse energy could be measured with an average accuracy of 6.35% or better over the temperature range 150-1100 °C. This instrument is appropriate for the study of high-temperature metal hydride materials for thermochemical energy storage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B P MacLeod
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - P A Schauer
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - K Hu
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - B Lam
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - D K Fork
- Google Inc., 1600 Amphitheatre Parkway, Mountain View, California 94043, USA
| | - C P Berlinguette
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z1, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lam B, Miller M, Sutton A, Crew A, Peng D. 391 DRESS syndrome: A retrospective chart review and evaluation of a high-dose steroid treatment protocol. J Invest Dermatol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.02.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
40
|
Lozano MI, Arun A, Lam B, Lee WA, Brandacher G, Raimondi G. Type-1 interferon induced cross-regulation of IL-10 function: a novel mechanism in type 1 diabetes development. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.217.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Type 1 Diabetes (T1D) is caused by T cell-mediated destruction of insulin-producing beta cells of the pancreas. The “fertile field” hypothesis of T1D proposes that in a genetically predisposed individual, an inflamed environment prompts the organ towards autoimmunity. In this study, we tested whether chronic and localized accumulation of type I interferons (TI-IFNs) creates a “fertile field” that releases diabetogenic T cells from immuneregulation. In vitro incubation of mouse T cells with IFN-beta renders memory and regulatory T cells with a dramatic defect in the production of phospho-STAT3 in response to the regulatory cytokine IL-10 (but not to IL-6). This resulted in prevention of upregulation of IL-10 induced genes. Altered signaling was NOT caused by reduction of IL-10 receptor expression, nor induction of Suppressor of Cytokine Signaling (SOCS) 1 or 3. Instead, microarray analysis suggested a novel role for the transcription factor STAT1 in dampening IL-10 signaling. IFNbeta induces STAT1 expression causing a reversal of the intracellular STAT1/STAT3 protein ratio that favors a competitive role of STAT1. In agreement, STAT1-KO T cells exposed to IFN-beta did not show any defect in IL-10 signaling. In diabetes-prone NOD mice we discovered a persistent reduction of IL-10 signaling in Tmem and Treg restricted to pancreatic and mesenteric lymph nodes (correlating with the reported local accumulation of TI-IFNs). Treatment of these mice with an IFNRA blocking antibody (that delays the onset and reduces the incidence of T1D) showed a clear restoration of IL-10 signaling.
Overall, these data reveal a novel immune defect that, if properly targeted could enhance the efficacy of immunomodulatory strategies to control T1D.
Collapse
|
41
|
Alexander B, MacHaalany J, Lam B, van Rooy H, Haseeb S, Kuchtaruk A, Glover B, Bayés de Luna A, Baranchuk A. Comparison of the Extent of Coronary Artery Disease in Patients With Versus Without Interatrial Block and Implications for New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation. Am J Cardiol 2017; 119:1162-1165. [PMID: 28214506 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjcard.2016.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2016] [Revised: 12/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Interatrial block (IAB) represents delay or block of conduction between the atria. IAB has been shown to predict the development or recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) in various clinical scenarios. Few studies have examined the correlation between coronary artery disease and the prevalence of IAB and its impact on AF. The aim of this study was to determine if specific coronary artery lesions (location and number) are associated with the presence of IAB and development of new-onset AF. Retrospective analysis of patients presenting with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) to our institution. Data were recorded for clinical, echocardiographic, angiographic, electrocardiographic, and outcome variables. Semiautomatic calipers and scanned electrocardiograms at 300 DPI maximized × 8 were used to measure P-wave duration, with a follow-up for a minimum of 1 year. The chi-square and independent-sample t tests were done using IBM SPSS. A total of 322 patients were included in the analysis. Men 72.3%, mean age 65.4 ± 11.9 years, mean ejection fraction of 55.2 ± 12.7% and mean left atrial diameter of 38.7 ± 6 mm. The prevalence of partial IAB was 31.9%, and advanced IAB was 6.5%. Patients with IAB were significantly older (<0.001) and had a greater prevalence of hypertension (0.014). The presence of diffuse coronary artery disease defined as >1 significant coronary artery lesion was associated with IAB (0.026). No specific coronary artery lesion location was found to be associated with IAB nor increased P-wave duration. Patients who developed AF during the follow-up had a significantly higher prevalence of IAB (p = 0.021) and also higher prevalence of diffuse coronary artery disease (p = 0.001). IAB is significantly associated with diffuse coronary artery disease in patients with NSTEMI. IAB is significantly associated with the development of new-onset AF within 12 months after NSTEMI.
Collapse
|
42
|
Weppelmann TA, von Fricken ME, Lam B, Telisma T, Existe A, Lemoine JF, Larkin J, Okech BA. Sparse serological evidence of Plasmodium vivax transmission in the Ouest and Sud-Est departments of Haiti. Acta Trop 2016; 162:27-34. [PMID: 27230796 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2016.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasmodium vivax infections, while quite prevalent throughout South and Central America, are virtually non-existent in Haiti, where P. falciparum infections are detected in over 99% of malaria cases. Historically, few cases of P. vivax have been reported in Haiti; all of which were identified by microscopy and none were confirmed by molecular diagnostics. To further examine the transmission of P. vivax in Haiti, a cross-sectional seroepidemiological study was conducted. METHODS Whole blood was collected from 814 community members and school children ranging in age between 2 and 80 years-of-age from four locations in the Ouest and Sud-Est Departments of Haiti. After separation of serum, samples were screened for antibodies toward P. vivax apical membrane antigen (AMA-1) and merozoite surface protein-119 (MSP-1) using an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS Of all participants screened, 4.42% (36/814) were seropositive for AMA-1, 4.55% (37/814) were seropositive for MSP-1, 7.99% (65/814) were seropositive to either antigen, and only 0.98% (7/814) were seropositive for both antigens. Seroconversion rates (SCR) for AMA-1, MSP-1, either AMA-1 or MSP-1, and for both AMA-1 and MSP-1 estimated from the cross-sectional seroprevalence indicated rates of P. vivax transmission of less than 1% per year. CONCLUSION Given the lack of historical evidence of P. vivax infections on the island of Hispaniola, the sparse serological evidence of antibodies toward P. vivax identified in the current study further support the notion that the transmission of P. vivax malaria might be extremely low or even completely absent in Haiti.
Collapse
|
43
|
Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Saab S, Ahmed A, Lam B, Srishord M, Venkatesan C, Wai H, Henry L. The impact of viral hepatitis-related hepatocellular carcinoma to post-transplant outcomes. J Viral Hepat 2016; 23:53-61. [PMID: 26289820 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2015] [Accepted: 07/03/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common complication of HCV infection leading to liver transplantation. We evaluated the impact of aetiology of liver disease on patient and graft survival following liver transplantation for HCC. From the Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (2002-2011), all adults who underwent liver transplantation for HCC were retrospectively included. Aetiology of liver disease was grouped into HCV, HBV, HCV-HBV co-infection and nonviral liver disease. Of 8,733 liver transplant recipients with HCC, 5507 had HCV, 631 had HBV, 163 were co-infected, and 2432 had nonviral causes of liver disease. In follow-up (48 ± 32 months), 8.2% had graft failure and 29.5% died. The mean rates of graft failure were 9.5%, 4.7%, 6.1% and 6.4% in HCV, HBV, HCV-HBV co-infection and nonviral liver disease, respectively (P < 0.0001). Post-transplant mortality rate in patients with HBV was 20.2%, HCV 31.0%, HCV-HBV 28.5% and nonviral 28.5% (P < 0.0001). This difference was significant starting one year post-transplant and became even more prominent later in follow-up. Five-year post-transplant survival was 64.7% in HCV, 77.7% in HBV, 71.0% in HCV-HBV and 69.1% in nonviral HCC (P < 0.0001). A diagnosis of HCV in patients with HCC was also independently associated with an increased risk of both graft failure (adjusted hazard ratio = 1.84 (1.46-2.33), P < 0.0001) and mortality (1.35 (1.21-1.50), P < 0.0001) in multivariate analysis. Patients with HCV-related HCC are at higher risk of adverse post-transplant outcomes. These patients should be considered for preemptive interferon-free antiviral therapy prior to or immediately following liver transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z M Younossi
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - M Stepanova
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - S Saab
- Departments of Medicine and Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at the University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Ahmed
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - B Lam
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - M Srishord
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - C Venkatesan
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - H Wai
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - L Henry
- Center for Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Van Cutsem E, Fuchs C, Denker A, Tabernero J, Ohtsu A, Lam B, Koshiji M, Bang YJ. 231TiP KEYNOTE-059: Phase 2 study of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) for recurrent or metastatic gastric or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv523.92] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
|
45
|
Kimmaliardjuk D, Al-Atassi T, Dagenais C, Bourke M, Lam B, Rubens F. SHOULD WE ABLATE ATRIAL FIBRILLATION DURING CORONARY ARTERY BYPASS GRAFTING AND AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT? Can J Cardiol 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2015.07.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
46
|
Bang Y, Doi T, Braud FD, Piha-Paul S, Hollebecque A, Razak AA, Lin C, Ott P, He A, Yuan S, Koshiji M, Lam B, Aggarwal R. 525 Safety and efficacy of pembrolizumab (MK-3475) in patients (pts) with advanced biliary tract cancer: Interim results of KEYNOTE-028. Eur J Cancer 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)30326-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
47
|
Younossi ZM, Stepanova M, Nader F, Lam B, Hunt S. The patient's journey with chronic hepatitis C from interferon plus ribavirin to interferon- and ribavirin-free regimens: a study of health-related quality of life. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2015; 42:286-95. [PMID: 26059536 DOI: 10.1111/apt.13269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Revised: 04/06/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interferon and ribavirin negatively impact health-related quality of life (HRQL) during treatment. AIM To compare the impact of interferon and/or ribavirin-containing regimens on HRQL to interferon- and ribavirin-free regimens. METHODS HRQL data from nine multinational phase 3 clinical trials of sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens with and without ledipasvir (LDV), pegylated interferon (IFN) or ribavirin (RBV) were used. The Short Form-36 (SF-36) HRQL questionnaire was administered to subjects prospectively at baseline, during treatment, and 12 and 24 weeks after treatment cessation. RESULTS A total of 3460 CH-C with SF-36 data were included (52.2 ± 10.3 years, 62.6% male, 73.6% treatment-naïve, 15.0% cirrhotic, 68.2% HCV genotype 1 and 20.1% genotype 3). Compared to baseline HRQL, at the end of treatment, severe HRQL decrements were noted in IFN + RBV ± SOF regimens (on average, -3.8 to -24.3 on a 0-100 scale for different HRQL domains), while moderate decrements were noted in SOF + RBV ± LDV (-2.8 to -8.6). In contrast, in SOF/LDV without RBV, HRQL improvements were noted during treatment (+2.3 to +5.2). By 12 weeks post-treatment, HRQL returned to baseline in IFN + RBV ± SOF (P > 0.05) and improved in all IFN-free arms (+2.6 to +7.8). In multivariate analysis, a lower end of treatment HRQL was associated with IFN + RBV + SOF and a higher end of treatment HRQL was associated with SOF/LDV. By post-treatment-12, SOF/LDV was additionally associated with higher mental health scores. These improvements in HRQL scores were maintained 24 weeks post-treatment. CONCLUSIONS Removing interferon and ribavirin has led to substantial improvement of health-related quality of life during treatment. This may result in better patient experience and higher adherence to treatment regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Z M Younossi
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - M Stepanova
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - F Nader
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - B Lam
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| | - S Hunt
- Department of Medicine, Center for Liver Diseases, Inova Fairfax Hospital, Falls Church, VA, USA.,Betty and Guy Beatty Center for Integrated Research, Inova Health System, Falls Church, VA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Lam B, Armbruster C, Cain A, Collins T, Larkin J. Aberrant IL-17 production, mediated by SOCS1 deficiency, promotes inflammatory skin pathologies and lymphadenopathy in an IFN gamma independent manner. (THER2P.957). The Journal of Immunology 2015. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.194.supp.67.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Although it has been previously reported that mice deficient in SOCS1 develop lupus-like pathologies including skin lesions, the contributing pathogenic mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. We have observed that SOCS1+/- IFNγ-/- mice, but not IFNγ-/-, SOCS1+/-, or wild-type mice develop significant spontaneous skin pathology on the back and ears. The hyperplasia was characterized by significant accumulations of CD3+ T cells, F4/80+ macrophages, and neutrophils. Moreover, SOCS1+/- IFNγ-/- mice presented with lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly. Notably, SOCS1+/- IFNγ-/- leukocytes stimulated with αCD3/αCD28 in vitro were hyper proliferative and produced significant amounts of IL17 and IL-6 compared to IFNy-/- controls. To assess the contribution of excess IL17 production in this overt pathology, SOCS1+/- IFNy-/- mice were treated with IL17 neutralizing antibodies or an IgG control. Strikingly, administration of αIL17 mediated a significant reduction in lymphadenopathy, comparable to IFNγ-/- mice. Moreover, αIL17 treatment significantly reduced dermal leukocyte infiltration and skin lesions compared to SOCS1+/- IFNγ-/- mice receiving IgG control or no treatment. Together, these results present a novel role of SOCS1 in the regulation of IL17 production and subsequent onset of spontaneous skin pathology. Furthermore, these data suggest that amelioration of SOCS1 deficiency using SOCS1 mimetic peptides may have implications in the regulation of inflammatory skin pathologies.
Collapse
|
49
|
Tilokee E, Jackson R, Mayfield A, Latham N, Ye B, Lam B, Ruel M, Suuronen E, Stewart D, Davis D. OVER-EXPRESSION OF SDF1α ENHANCES CARDIAC REPAIR BY CARDIAC STEM CELLS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
|
50
|
Latham N, Ye B, Lam B, Ruel M, Stewart D, Davis D. THREE DIMENSIONAL BLOOD AND CARDIAC STEM CELL SPHERES ENHANCE THE REGENERATIVE PERFORMANCE OF TRADITIONAL MONOLAYER CULTURE CELLS. Can J Cardiol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cjca.2014.07.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
|