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Jackwood MW, Jordan BJ. Molecular Evolution of Infectious Bronchitis Virus and the Emergence of Variant Viruses Circulating in the United States. Avian Dis 2021; 65:631-636. [DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-21-00104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Jackwood
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Brian J. Jordan
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Athens, GA 30602
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2
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Ingram NE, Jordan BJ, Donnadieu B, Creutz SE. Barium and titanium dithiocarbamates as precursors for colloidal nanocrystals of emerging optoelectronic materials. Dalton Trans 2021; 50:15978-15982. [PMID: 34610070 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03018c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The synthesis and structures of N,N-dialkyldithiocarbamate complexes of barium are reported; the compounds crystallize as one-dimensional coordination polymers. In combination with a titanium dithiocarbamate precursor, the compounds are demonstrated as competent single-source precursors for the solution-based preparation of colloidal BaTiS3 nanorods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole E Ingram
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Bruno Donnadieu
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
| | - Sidney E Creutz
- Department of Chemistry, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA.
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3
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Rimet CS, Maurer JJ, Berghaus RD, Jordan BJ, da Silva LHA, Stabler LJ, Johnson KK, Tensa LR, Segovia KM, França MS. The Contribution of Eimeria Coinfection and Intestinal Inflammation to Cecal Colonization and Systemic Spread of Salmonella Typhimurium Deficient in Tetrathionate Reductase or Type III Secretion Systems Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 or 2. Avian Dis 2020; 63:559-567. [PMID: 31865669 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-19-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation may provide a growth advantage for Salmonella and enhance its systemic spread in chickens. Salmonella triggers intestinal inflammation in the host by using type III secretion systems (T3SS) and produces the inflammatory end product tetrathionate. In mice, tetrathionate respiration confers a growth advantage for Salmonella Typhimurium over the competitive microbiome in the inflamed intestine. Coccidia also promote intestinal inflammation and enhance Salmonella intestinal growth and systemic spread in chickens. The objective of this study was to evaluate the contribution of inflammation, induced by Eimeria spp. or Salmonella Typhimurium, to Salmonella colonization and dissemination in chickens. In addition, the fitness costs associated with defects in tetrathionate reductase and T3SS associated with Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 or 2 (SPI-1 or SPI-2) were evaluated in in vivo competition experiments with wild-type Salmonella strain, with or without Eimeria coinfection. One-day-old specific-pathogen-free chickens were orally inoculated with a sham inoculum or with 4 × 102 Eimeria oocysts cocktail of Eimeria tenella, Eimeria acervulina, Eimeria maxima, and Eimeria mitis. At 6 days of age, birds were orally administered a 1:1 ratio of Salmonella Typhimurium wild-type and mutant deficient in tetrathionate reductase, SPI-1, or SPI-2 (108 colony forming units/bird). Ceca, livers, and drumsticks were collected at 3, 7, 14, and 42 days after Salmonella infection, for bacteriology. Intestinal inflammation was scored by histology. Significantly higher intestinal inflammation was observed in challenge groups compared with the control. However, there were no significant differences in intestinal inflammation scores between groups coinfected with both Eimeria spp. and Salmonella Typhimurium and birds infected with Salmonella alone, and Eimeria coinfection did not increase Salmonella prevalence or abundance. Contrary to mouse studies, tetrathionate reductase did not enhance Salmonella Typhimurium cecal colonization or systemic spread in chickens. SPI-1 and SPI-2 played a significant role in Salmonella dissemination and cecal colonization in chickens, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire-Sophie Rimet
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - John J Maurer
- Department of Animal and Poultry Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061
| | - Roy D Berghaus
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601.,Poultry Science Department, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Luciana Helena Antoniassi da Silva
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601.,Tropical Disease Laboratory, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology and Immunology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, SP, 13083-862, Brazil
| | - Lisa J Stabler
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Kasey K Johnson
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Laura R Tensa
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Karen M Segovia
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601
| | - Monique S França
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, 953 College Station Road, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30601,
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4
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Jackwood MW, Clark R, Cheng S, Jordan BJ. Protection following simultaneous vaccination with three or four different attenuated live vaccine types against infectious bronchitis virus. Avian Pathol 2020; 49:335-341. [PMID: 32242456 DOI: 10.1080/03079457.2020.1748173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two or more different live attenuated infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine types are often given to broilers to induce homologous protection as well as to broaden protection against other IBV types in the field. However, the ability of broilers to respond to three or four different antigenic types of IBV vaccine has not been examined experimentally. In this study, we vaccinated one-day-old broiler chicks by eyedrop with three or four different IBV vaccine types simultaneously. The presence and relative amount of each vaccine was examined in all of the birds by IBV type-specific real-time RT-PCR at 5 days post-vaccination and each vaccine was detected in all of the birds given that vaccine. The birds were challenged at 28 days of age and protection was measured by clinical signs, virus detection and by ciliostasis. Birds vaccinated with three different IBV types (Ark, Mass and GA98) were protected against challenge with each of those IBV types and were partially protected against challenge with the GA08 virus. Birds vaccinated with four different IBV types (Ark, Mass, GA98 and GA08) were protected against challenge with each of those IBV types with the exception of Mass challenged birds which clearly had 3/11 birds not protected based on individual ciliostasis scores, but had an average ciliostasis score of >50% which is considered protected. The results are important for the control of IBV because they indicate that simultaneous vaccination with up to four different IBV vaccine types can provide adequate protection against challenge for each type.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W Jackwood
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Randi Clark
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Sunny Cheng
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Population Health, Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA USA
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5
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Albanese GA, Lee DH, Mueller AE, Jordan BJ. Identification of a Short DNA Bar Code in the 18S rDNA for Improved Differentiation of Common Eimeria Species Infecting Chickens. J Parasitol 2019. [PMID: 31660794 DOI: 10.1645/19-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The coccidian species Eimeria is a parasitic protozoan that causes the gastrointestinal disease coccidiosis in numerous vertebrate species. Incidence of the disease in commercial chickens produces drastic economic losses. Traditionally, detection of Eimeria has been performed using classical methods such as observation of oocyst morphology. However, molecular methods to detect and speciate Eimeria are becoming more prevalent. The 18S ribosomal gene, in particular, has been a widely used DNA amplification target for detection of Eimeria. Although the full-length gene is typically used for this purpose, newer research targeting shorter regions of the gene is being performed. This study investigated the suitability of a 120-base pair (bp) DNA bar code within the 18S gene for species differentiation. When comparing sequence variation from the Eimeria species infecting chickens, shortening the 18S gene to the 120-bp highly variable region provided increased species differentiation, while also reducing intraspecies variation. This DNA bar code is useful for distinction of the Eimeria species infecting chickens and should be considered for future molecular detection assays and metagenomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Albanese
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Adrea E Mueller
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602.,Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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6
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Albanese GA, Lee DH, Mueller AE, Jordan BJ. Identification of a Short DNA Bar Code in the 18S rDNA for Improved Differentiation of Common Eimeria Species Infecting Chickens. J Parasitol 2019; 105:816-820. [PMID: 31660794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The coccidian species Eimeria is a parasitic protozoan that causes the gastrointestinal disease coccidiosis in numerous vertebrate species. Incidence of the disease in commercial chickens produces drastic economic losses. Traditionally, detection of Eimeria has been performed using classical methods such as observation of oocyst morphology. However, molecular methods to detect and speciate Eimeria are becoming more prevalent. The 18S ribosomal gene, in particular, has been a widely used DNA amplification target for detection of Eimeria. Although the full-length gene is typically used for this purpose, newer research targeting shorter regions of the gene is being performed. This study investigated the suitability of a 120-base pair (bp) DNA bar code within the 18S gene for species differentiation. When comparing sequence variation from the Eimeria species infecting chickens, shortening the 18S gene to the 120-bp highly variable region provided increased species differentiation, while also reducing intraspecies variation. This DNA bar code is useful for distinction of the Eimeria species infecting chickens and should be considered for future molecular detection assays and metagenomic sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Albanese
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Department of Pathobiology and Veterinary Science, College of Agriculture, Health and Natural Resources, The University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269
| | - Adrea E Mueller
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia 30602
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7
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Aston EJ, Jackwood MW, Gogal RM, Hurley DJ, Fairchild BD, Hilt DA, Cheng S, Tensa LR, Garcia M, Jordan BJ. Ambient ammonia does not appear to inhibit the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus vaccination and protection from homologous challenge in broiler chickens. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2019; 217:109932. [PMID: 31472338 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2019.109932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Commercial broilers are commonly exposed to gaseous ammonia (NH3) originating from degradation of nitrogen-containing excreta in the litter during the grow-out period. Ammonia concentrations in the air are higher in poorly ventilated houses and appear to coincide with the elevated incidence of respiratory disease occurring during the winter months. This study examined the effect of NH3 on the immune response to infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccination and protection against homologous serotype challenge in commercial broiler chickens. One-day-old chicks were administered IBV vaccine and exposed to 30-60 ppm of NH3. At 28 DOA, birds were challenged oculonasally with a pathogenic homologous IBV, and protection was measured by viral detection, clinical signs, ciliostasis, and presence of airsacculitis. IBV-specific serum IgG and lacrimal fluid IgA titers, as well as Harderian gland (HG) immune cell phenotypes, were evaluated. Ammonia exposure was associated with an increased incidence of airsacculitis among non-vaccinated, challenged birds. Vaccinated, NH3-exposed birds were completely protected from IBV challenge. Ammonia had subtle effects on cilia morphology and function but did not affect vaccine or challenge virus replication and clearance, clinical signs, ciliostasis, tracheal histopathology scores, or immune responses. In the HG of vaccinated birds, the percent of leukocytes, MHC I+/MHC IIhi expression, IgM+ expression, and CD8+ expression was increased, while mucosal IgA and serum IgG titers were nominal. Non-vaccinated, IBV-challenged birds exhibited an increased percent of leukocytes, MHC I+/MHC IIhi expression, and IgM+ expression in the HG at 5 dpc, followed by increased mucosal IgA and serum IgG titers and CD8+ expression at 10-14 dpc. In contrast, vaccinated, IBV-challenged birds had a minimal increase in MHC I+/MHC IIhi expression, and serum IgG antibody titers in vaccinated birds increased rapidly. The results indicate that commercial broilers exposed to moderate levels of ambient NH3 are equally protected against IBV challenge if appropriately vaccinated, and the absence of robust immune activation in vaccinated, challenged birds suggests that the challenge virus was efficiently neutralized before establishing infection. In contrast, ambient NH3 exposure was associated with a higher incidence of airsacculitis in non-vaccinated, challenged birds, despite the apparent lack of differences in the immune response between birds in the NH3-exposed and NH3 control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Aston
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - M W Jackwood
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - R M Gogal
- Veterinary Biosciences and Diagnostic Imaging, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D J Hurley
- Food Animal Health and Management Program, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 501 D. W. Brooks Dr., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - B D Fairchild
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 110 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - D A Hilt
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - S Cheng
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - L R Tensa
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - M Garcia
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - B J Jordan
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Rd., Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, 110 Cedar St., Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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8
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Glaser AP, Jordan BJ, Cohen J, Desai A, Silberman P, Meeks JJ. Automated Extraction of Grade, Stage, and Quality Information From Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Pathology Reports Using Natural Language Processing. JCO Precis Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1200/po.17.00128.2019.test] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Glaser
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian J. Jordan
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jason Cohen
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Anuj Desai
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip Silberman
- Northwestern University Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joshua J. Meeks
- Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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9
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Tensa LR, Jordan BJ. Comparison of the application parameters of coccidia vaccines by gel and spray. Poult Sci 2019; 98:634-641. [PMID: 30376126 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an economically significant enteric disease caused by Eimeria species. Control of the disease is achieved through various means, including chemical anticoccidial drugs, ionophore antibiotics, and vaccination. Differences between the vaccines include the number of oocysts per dose (varying by as much as tenfold between vaccines), attenuation status of the oocysts, and the species present within the vaccine. Coccidia vaccines are typically administered via spray cabinet to day old chicks; however, a new gel-based delivery system that claims to elongate preening time and increase oocyst ingestion has been introduced and is specifically recommended for certain low dose vaccines. The purpose of this trial was to compare the application properties between high and low oocyst dose vaccines administered via gel and spray delivery systems to determine if application systems could potentially affect application success. The vaccines were mixed into gel and spray diluents per manufacturer's instructions, and samples were taken to assess how well the oocysts remained in suspension. Gel and spray application patterns were assessed by measuring the size and number of droplets applied onto a plexiglass sheet in a chick basket. Different size droplets were collected and oocyst enumeration and speciation were performed. Results show that no settling occurred after mixing in either diluent. As expected, the number of oocysts per droplet increased as droplet size of the spray administration increased but stayed constant in the uniform droplet size of gel administration. There was also a consistent number of oocysts found in each of the sections across the plexiglass sheet. Taken together, these data will aid poultry producers in deciding which delivery system will provide the best application in their production system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Tensa
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Population Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.,Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
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10
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Aston EJ, Jordan BJ, Williams SM, García M, Jackwood MW. Effect of Pullet Vaccination on Development and Longevity of Immunity. Viruses 2019; 11:E135. [PMID: 30717342 PMCID: PMC6409539 DOI: 10.3390/v11020135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian respiratory disease causes significant economic losses in commercial poultry. Because of the need to protect long-lived poultry against respiratory tract pathogens from an early age, vaccination programs for pullets typically involve serial administration of a variety of vaccines, including infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), Newcastle disease virus (NDV), and infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV). Often the interval between vaccinations is only a matter of weeks, yet it is unknown whether the development of immunity and protection against challenge when vaccines are given in short succession occurs in these birds, something known as viral interference. Our objective was to determine whether serially administered, live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV influence the development and longevity of immunity and protection against challenge in long-lived birds. Based on a typical pullet vaccination program, specific-pathogen-free white leghorns were administered multiple live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV until 16 weeks of age (WOA), after which certain groups were challenged with IBV, NDV, or ILTV at 20, 24, 28, 32, and 36 WOA. Five days post-challenge, viral load, clinical signs, ciliostasis, tracheal histopathology, and antibody titers in serum and tears were evaluated. We demonstrate that pullets serially administered live attenuated vaccines against IBV, NDV, and ILTV were protected against homologous challenge with IBV, NDV, or ILTV for at least 36 weeks, and conclude that the interval between vaccinations used in this study (at least 2 weeks) did not interfere with protection. This information is important because it shows that a typical pullet vaccination program consisting of serially administered live attenuated vaccines against multiple respiratory pathogens can result in the development of protective immunity against each disease agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Aston
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Susan M Williams
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Maricarmen García
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Mark W Jackwood
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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11
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Jordan BJ, Lewis KC, Matulewicz RS, Kundu S. The Timing and Frequency of Infectious Complications after Radical Cystectomy: An Opportunity for Rescue Antibiotic Treatment. Urology Practice 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urpr.2018.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian J. Jordan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Kevin C. Lewis
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Richard S. Matulewicz
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Shilajit Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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12
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Glaser AP, Jordan BJ, Cohen J, Desai A, Silberman P, Meeks JJ. Automated Extraction of Grade, Stage, and Quality Information From Transurethral Resection of Bladder Tumor Pathology Reports Using Natural Language Processing. JCO Clin Cancer Inform 2018; 2:1-8. [PMID: 30652586 PMCID: PMC7010439 DOI: 10.1200/cci.17.00128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Bladder cancer is initially diagnosed and staged with a transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT). Patient survival is dependent on appropriate sampling of layers of the bladder, but pathology reports are dictated as free text, making large-scale data extraction for quality improvement challenging. We sought to automate extraction of stage, grade, and quality information from TURBT pathology reports using natural language processing (NLP). METHODS Patients undergoing TURBT were retrospectively identified using the Northwestern Enterprise Data Warehouse. An NLP algorithm was then created to extract information from free-text pathology reports and was iteratively improved using a training set of manually reviewed TURBTs. NLP accuracy was then validated using another set of manually reviewed TURBTs, and reliability was calculated using Cohen's κ. RESULTS Of 3,042 TURBTs identified from 2006 to 2016, 39% were classified as benign, 35% as Ta, 11% as T1, 4% as T2, and 10% as isolated carcinoma in situ. Of 500 randomly selected manually reviewed TURBTs, NLP correctly staged 88% of specimens (κ = 0.82; 95% CI, 0.78 to 0.86). Of 272 manually reviewed T1 tumors, NLP correctly categorized grade in 100% of tumors (κ = 1), correctly categorized if muscularis propria was reported by the pathologist in 98% of tumors (κ = 0.81; 95% CI, 0.62 to 0.99), and correctly categorized if muscularis propria was present or absent in the resection specimen in 82% of tumors (κ = 0.62; 95% CI, 0.55 to 0.73). Discrepancy analysis revealed pathologist notes and deeper resection specimens as frequent reasons for NLP misclassifications. CONCLUSION We developed an NLP algorithm that demonstrates a high degree of reliability in extracting stage, grade, and presence of muscularis propria from TURBT pathology reports. Future iterations can continue to improve performance, but automated extraction of oncologic information is promising in improving quality and assisting physicians in delivery of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander P. Glaser
- Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Jason Cohen, Anuj Desai, Joshua J. Meeks, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Joshua J. Meeks, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; and Philip Silberman, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Brian J. Jordan
- Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Jason Cohen, Anuj Desai, Joshua J. Meeks, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Joshua J. Meeks, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; and Philip Silberman, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Jason Cohen
- Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Jason Cohen, Anuj Desai, Joshua J. Meeks, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Joshua J. Meeks, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; and Philip Silberman, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Anuj Desai
- Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Jason Cohen, Anuj Desai, Joshua J. Meeks, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Joshua J. Meeks, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; and Philip Silberman, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Philip Silberman
- Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Jason Cohen, Anuj Desai, Joshua J. Meeks, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Joshua J. Meeks, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; and Philip Silberman, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
| | - Joshua J. Meeks
- Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Jason Cohen, Anuj Desai, Joshua J. Meeks, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University; Alexander P. Glaser, Brian J. Jordan, Joshua J. Meeks, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University; and Philip Silberman, Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL
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Albanese GA, Lee DH, Cheng IHN, Hilt DA, Jackwood MW, Jordan BJ. Biological and molecular characterization of ArkGA: A novel Arkansas serotype vaccine that is highly attenuated, efficacious, and protective against homologous challenge. Vaccine 2018; 36:6077-6086. [PMID: 30197283 PMCID: PMC7115623 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2018.08.078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Almost all commercial poultry are vaccinated against avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) using live attenuated vaccines mass administered by spray at day of hatch. Although many different types of IBV vaccines are used successfully, the ArkDPI serotype vaccine, when applied by spray, does not infect and replicate sufficiently to provide protection against homologous challenge. In this study, we examined a different Ark vaccine strain (Ark99), which is no longer used commercially due to its reactivity in one day old chicks, to determine if it could be further attenuated by passage in embryonated eggs but still provide adequate protection. Further attenuation of the Ark99 vaccine was achieved by passage in embryonated eggs but ArkGA P1, P20, and P40 (designated ArkGA after P1) were still too reactive to be suitable vaccine candidates. However, ArkGA P60 when given by spray had little or no vaccine reaction in one day old broiler chicks, and it induced protection from clinical signs and ciliostasis following homologous challenge. In addition, vaccinated and challenged birds had significantly less challenge virus, an important measure of protection, compared to non-vaccinated and challenged controls. The full-length genomes of viruses from egg passages 1, 20, 40, and 60 were sequenced using the Illumina platform and the data showed single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) had accumulated in regions of the genome associated with viral replication, pathogenicity, and cell tropism. ArkGA P60 accumulated the most SNPs in key genes associated with pathogenicity (polyprotein gene 1ab) and cell tropism (spike gene), compared to previous passages, which likely resulted in its more attenuated phenotype. These results indicate that the ArkGA P60 vaccine is safe for spray vaccination of broiler chicks and induces suitable protection against challenge with pathogenic Ark-type virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Albanese
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Dong-Hun Lee
- Southeast Poultry Research Laboratory, US National Poultry Research Center, ARS, USDA, Athens, GA 30605, USA
| | - I-Hsin N Cheng
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Deborah A Hilt
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Mark W Jackwood
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA; Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, The University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Lin X, Jordan BJ, Zhang Y. Importance of identification of prostatic adenocarcinoma in urine cytology. J Am Soc Cytopathol 2018; 7:268-273. [PMID: 31043286 DOI: 10.1016/j.jasc.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostate carcinoma (PCa) occasionally involves the urethra and/or bladder. In these cases, PCa cells may be detected in urine. The purpose of this study was to describe the salient cytomorphologic, immunocytochemical, and epidemiologic features of PCa cells detected in urine cytology slides via a retrospective case series review. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively identified 28 cases with urine cytology either suspicious or positive for PCa. Clinical and histopathologic data were reviewed. RESULTS We identified 23 prostatic acinar adenocarcinomas (PAAs) and 5 prostatic adenocarcinomas with ductal features (PDAs). Urine cytology was the first evidence of disease in 6 (26%) patients with PAA and in 4 (80%) of the patients with PDA. In patients with PAA, 17 had a previous history of PAA, with positive urine cytology in the setting of disease recurrence or persistence within the bladder or urethra. The PAA in urine presented as single or small clusters of atypical cuboidal glandular cells with large, eccentric, round, or oval uniform nuclei containing conspicuous nucleoli, and scant to moderate delicate or granular cytoplasm, whereas the PDA presented as atypical columnar glandular cells in flat nests or 3-dimensional clusters, and with prominent nucleoli. CONCLUSIONS Using standard urine cytology, we were able to detect PCa cells in the urine. Although rare, PCa was first diagnosed by urine cytology in select cases, with a higher frequency in patients with PDA. Clinicians should be aware that PCa cells can be identified by urine cytology as this can lead to an earlier diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqi Lin
- Department of Pathology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois.
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Yaxia Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
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15
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Albanese GA, Tensa LR, Aston EJ, Hilt DA, Jordan BJ. Evaluation of a coccidia vaccine using spray and gel applications. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1544-1553. [PMID: 29462420 PMCID: PMC7107172 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is an economically significant disease of poultry caused by species of Eimeria, a parasitic protozoan. Disease can result in poor feed conversion, reduced weight gain, and can lead to the development of necrotic enteritis. For prevention of coccidiosis, poultry are commonly vaccinated with a live, sporulated oocysts mass applied with a vaccination cabinet in the hatchery. Traditionally, coccidia vaccines have been applied by coarse spray in a water based diluent, however, new technology using gel diluents has entered the US market. Gel diluents can have variable viscosities and are “dropped” onto chicks with an applicator bar. It is thought that gel droplets remain intact on the birds for longer than water based droplets, allowing more time for preening and ingestion of oocysts. In this experiment, the efficacy of a commercial coccidia vaccine applied with a water based diluent, a more viscous gel diluent, and a less viscous gel diluent was compared. Fecal samples were collected at multiple time points post-vaccination to quantify vaccine oocyst shedding. Shedding in the first cycle (days 5 to 8 post-vaccination) was related to the number of oocysts received from each application method, where the groups receiving higher doses shed more oocysts. However, a decrease in shedding was seen for the more viscous gel group in the second cycle (days 12 to 15 post-vaccination). Chickens were challenged with Eimeria maxima oocysts and 7 days post-challenge body weight gains and gross and microscopic lesions were recorded to evaluate protection levels for the different vaccine applications. All vaccinated groups appeared to be protected based on body weight gain and lesion scoring. The results of this project indicate that all vaccine applications are effective at protecting against Eimeria maxima challenge when using a proper dose of vaccine that allows for repeated oocyst cycling in the litter post-vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grace A Albanese
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences
| | - Laura R Tensa
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Emily J Aston
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Deborah A Hilt
- Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences.,Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, The University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
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Matulewicz RS, Patel M, Jordan BJ, Morano J, Frainey B, Bhanji Y, Bux M, Nader A, Kundu SD, Meeks JJ. Transversus Abdominis Plane Blockade as Part of a Multimodal Postoperative Analgesia Plan in Patients Undergoing Radical Cystectomy. Bladder Cancer 2018; 4:161-167. [PMID: 29732387 PMCID: PMC5929302 DOI: 10.3233/blc-170157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background: Radical cystectomy (RC) is a morbid procedure with frequent complications that may benefit from implementation of an enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) protocol. Objective: To examine the benefits of a multimodal analgesic plan that uses continuous transversus abdominis plane (TAP) blockade as part of an ERAS protocol after RC. Methods: A retrospective comparison of consecutive patients undergoing RC over a 4-year period was conducted. Patients were designated as having surgery either before or after implementation of an ERAS protocol. A major component of the ERAS protocol was a multi-modal analgesia plan with TAP blockade. Patient demographics, comorbidities, operative details, and outcomes, including days to flatus, bowel movement (BM), narcotic usage, and length of stay (LOS) were compared. Results: In total, 171 patients were included: 100 pre-ERAS and 71 ERAS. There were no differences in age, smoking status, operative approach, or diversion type. The patients in the ERAS cohort were less likely to be male, had a higher median BMI, and more likely to have received neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Total and early postoperative narcotic use were lower in the ERAS cohort: 89 vs. 336 mg (p < 0.001) and 62 vs 203 mg (p = 0.001), respectively. The ERAS cohort had fewer days to flatus (3 vs. 4, p < 0.001) and fewer days to bowel movement (4 vs. 5, p < 0.001). Median LOS was shorter in the ERAS cohort (7 vs. 8.5d, p = 0.001). There were no differences in complications or readmission rates between the two cohorts. Conclusions: TAP blockade as part of an ERAS multi-modal pain plan is associated with low narcotic usage, and significant improvement in time to flatus, BM, and LOS compared to traditional post-RC pain management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mehul Patel
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brian J Jordan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jacqueline Morano
- Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Brendan Frainey
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Yasin Bhanji
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mahreen Bux
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Antoun Nader
- Department of Anesthesia, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Shilajit D Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Joshua J Meeks
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Leyson CM, Hilt DA, Jordan BJ, Jackwood MW. Minimum Infectious Dose Determination of the Arkansas Delmarva Poultry Industry Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Delivered by Hatchery Spray Cabinet. Avian Dis 2017; 61:123-127. [PMID: 28301234 DOI: 10.1637/11474-072216-resnote] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The Arkansas Delmarva Poultry Industry (ArkDPI) infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) vaccine is effective when administered by eye drop, where the vaccine virus is able to infect and replicate well in birds and is able to induce protection against homologous challenge. However, accumulating evidence indicates that the ArkDPI vaccine is ineffective when applied by hatchery spray cabinet using the same manufacturer-recommended dose per bird. For this study, we aimed to determine the minimum infectious dose for the spray-administered ArkDPI vaccine, which we designate as the dose that achieves the same level of infection and replication as the eye drop-administered ArkDPI vaccine. To this end, we used increasing doses of commercial ArkDPI vaccine to vaccinate 100 commercial broiler chicks at day of hatch, using a commercial hatchery spray cabinet. The choanal cleft of each bird was swabbed at 7 and 10 days postvaccination, and real-time reverse-transcriptase PCR was performed. We observed that the level of infection and replication with spray vaccination matches with that of eye drop vaccination when chicks received 100 times the standard dose for the commercial ArkDPI vaccine. We further examined the S1 spike gene sequence from a subset of reisolated ArkDPI vaccine virus samples and observed that certain nucleotide changes arise in vaccine viruses reisolated from chicks, as previously reported. This suggests that the ArkDPI vaccine has a certain virus subpopulation that, while successful at infecting and replicating in chicks, represents only a minor virus subpopulation in the original vaccine. Thus, the minimum infectious dose for the ArkDPI vaccine using a hatchery spray cabinet appears to be dependent on the amount of this minor subpopulation reaching the chicks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina M Leyson
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Deborah A Hilt
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Brian J Jordan
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602.,B Department of Poultry Science, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Mark W Jackwood
- A Poultry Diagnostic and Research Center, Department of Population Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Georgia, 953 College Station Road, Athens, GA 30602
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18
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Jordan BJ, Matulewicz RS, Trihn B, Kundu S. Venous thromboembolism after nephrectomy: incidence, timing and associated risk factors from a national multi-institutional database. World J Urol 2017; 35:1713-1719. [PMID: 28516316 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-017-2046-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the rate of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after nephrectomy with specific focus on event timing and location (before or after hospital discharge) in order to identify modifiable risk factors and establish benchmarks for preventive interventions. METHODS Using the ACS-NSQIP database, we identified patients undergoing nephrectomy from 2006 to 2012. Patients were analyzed in two cohorts: collectively and by surgical approach [open vs. lap/robotic (MIS)]. Rates of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolus (PE) were assessed and time to each event was established in relation to discharge status. Logistic regression analysis was performed to assess association between preoperative risk factors, surgical variables, and VTE. RESULTS In total, 13,208 patients met inclusion criteria. The overall rate of VTE was 1.2% (PE = 0.5% and DVT = 0.8, 0.1% DVT and PE). Using regression analysis, diabetes, dependent functional status, and longer operative time were associated with higher odds of DVT. For PE, dyspnea, disseminated cancer, and longer operative time were significant associations. The rate of VTE was higher in open surgery compared to MIS (2 vs. 0.8%, p < 0.001). Median times to DVT and PE were 8.5 and 6 days, respectively, with 53.3% of DVTs and 63.1% of PEs occurring prior to discharge. CONCLUSIONS The overall rate of VTE after nephrectomy is low, occurs roughly one week after surgery, and is associated with longer hospital stays. Certain patient factors, open surgical approach, and longer operative times were associated with higher odds of post-operative VTE; these patients may benefit from more aggressive prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
| | - Richard S Matulewicz
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Brian Trihn
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Shilajit Kundu
- Department of Urology, Northwestern Feinberg School of Medicine, 303 E Chicago Ave, Tarry 16-703, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
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19
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Jackwood MW, Jordan BJ, Roh HJ, Hilt DA, Williams SM. Evaluating Protection Against Infectious Bronchitis Virus by Clinical Signs, Ciliostasis, Challenge Virus Detection, and Histopathology. Avian Dis 2015; 59:368-74. [PMID: 26478154 DOI: 10.1637/11026-012415-reg.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we examined the association among clinical signs, ciliostasis, virus detection, and histopathology for evaluating protection of vaccinated chickens against homologous and heterologous infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) challenge. At 5 days following challenge with IBV, we found a good correlation among clinical signs, ciliostasis in the trachea, challenge virus detection, and microscopic lesions in the trachea, with all four criteria being negative in fully protected birds and positive in fully susceptible birds. In partially protected birds we observed clinical signs and detected challenge virus; however, the ciliated epithelium was intact. In a second experiment, we challenged fully protected, partially protected, and fully susceptible birds with IBV, and then at 5 days postchallenge we gave the birds an opportunistic bacterium intranasally. Twenty Bordetella avium colonies were recovered from one of five fully protected birds, and only five colonies were isolated from two of five partially protected birds without ciliostasis, whereas in birds with ciliostasis, numerous colonies were isolated. Obviously, decreasing IBV infection and replication in the upper respiratory tract will decrease transmission and mutations, leading to variant viruses, and herein we demonstrate that protection of the cilia will decrease secondary bacterial infections, which have been shown to lead to condemnations and increased mortality. Thus, it appears that examining both criteria would be important when evaluating IBV vaccine efficacy.
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20
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Roh HJ, Jordan BJ, Hilt DA, Ard MB, Jackwood MW. Hatchery Spray Cabinet Administration Does Not Damage Avian Coronavirus Infectious Bronchitis Virus Vaccine Based on Analysis by Electron Microscopy and Virus Titration. Avian Dis 2015; 59:149-52. [PMID: 26292549 DOI: 10.1637/10918-081114-resnote] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
studies in our laboratory showed that the Arkansas-Delmarva Poultry Industry (Ark-DPI) vaccine given to 1-day-old chickens by hatchery spray cabinet replicated poorly and failed to adequately protect broilers against homologous virus challenge, whereas the same vaccine given by eye-drop did replicate and the birds were protected following homologous virus challenge. To determine if mechanical damage following spray application plays a role in failure of the Ark-DPI vaccine, we examined the morphology of three Ark-DPI vaccines from different manufacturers using an electron microscope and included a Massachusetts (Mass) vaccine as control. One of the Ark-DPI vaccines (vaccine A) and the Mass vaccine had significantly (P < 0.005) fewer spikes than the other two Ark-DPI vaccines. We also found that the Ark-DPI and Mass vaccines had significantly (P < 0.005) fewer spike proteins per virus particle when compared to their respective challenge viruses. This observation is interesting and may provide some insight into the mechanism behind infectious bronchitis virus attenuation. No obvious differences were observed in virus morphology and no consistent trend in the number of spikes per virion was found in before- and after-spray samples. We also determined the vaccine titer before and after spray in embryonated eggs and found that both Ark-DPI and Mass vaccines had a similar drop in titer, 0.40 logi and 0.310 logi, respec10ively. Based on these data, it appears that mechanical damage to the Ark-DPI vaccine is not occurring when delivered by a hatchery spray cabinet, suggesting that some other factor is contributing to the failure of that vaccine when given by that method.
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Lu Y, West FD, Jordan BJ, Jordan ET, West RC, Yu P, He Y, Barrios MA, Zhu Z, Petitte JN, Beckstead RB, Stice SL. Induced Pluripotency in Chicken Embryonic Fibroblast Results in a Germ Cell Fate. Stem Cells Dev 2014; 23:1755-64. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Franklin D. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Brian J. Jordan
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Erin T. Jordan
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Rachel C. West
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ping Yu
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ying He
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Animal Vaccines and New Technology, Guangxi Veterinary Research Institute, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Miguel A. Barrios
- Department of Poultry Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Ziying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - James N. Petitte
- Prestage Department of Poultry Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina
| | | | - Steven L. Stice
- Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
- Department of Animal and Dairy Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
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22
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Yu P, Lu Y, Jordan BJ, Liu Y, Yang JY, Hutcheson JM, Ethridge CL, Mumaw JL, Kinder HA, Beckstead RB, Stice SL, West FD. Nonviral minicircle generation of induced pluripotent stem cells compatible with production of chimeric chickens. Cell Reprogram 2014; 16:366-78. [PMID: 25084370 DOI: 10.1089/cell.2014.0028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Chickens are vitally important in numerous countries as a primary food source and a major component of economic development. Efforts have been made to produce transgenic birds through pluripotent stem cell [primordial germ cells and embryonic stem cells (ESCs)] approaches to create animals with improved traits, such as meat and egg production or even disease resistance. However, these cell types have significant limitations because they are hard to culture long term while maintaining developmental plasticity. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are a novel class of stem cells that have proven to be robust, leading to the successful development of transgenic mice, rats, quail, and pigs and may potentially overcome the limitations of previous pluripotent stem cell systems in chickens. In this study we generated chicken (c) iPSCs from fibroblast cells for the first time using a nonviral minicircle reprogramming approach. ciPSCs demonstrated stem cell morphology and expressed key stem cell markers, including alkaline phosphatase, POU5F1, SOX2, NANOG, and SSEA-1. These cells were capable of rapid growth and expressed high levels of telomerase. Late-passage ciPSCs transplanted into stage X embryos were successfully incorporated into tissues of all three germ layers, and the gonads demonstrated significant cellular plasticity. These cells provide an exciting new tool to create transgenic chickens with broad implications for agricultural and transgenic animal fields at large.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Yu
- 1 Regenerative Bioscience Center, University of Georgia , Athens, GA, 30602
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23
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Jordan BJ, Vogel S, Stark MR, Beckstead RB. Expression of green fluorescent protein in the chicken using in vivo transfection of the piggyBac transposon. J Biotechnol 2014; 173:86-9. [PMID: 24452099 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2014.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2013] [Revised: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The chicken is a well-established model system for studying developmental biology and is recognized as one of the top food production animals in the world. For this reason the chicken is an excellent candidate for transgenic applications, as the technology can be applied to both areas of research. Transgenic technology has not been broadly utilized in the chicken model, however, primarily due to difficulties in targeting germ cells and establishing germ line transmission. Transgenic technologies using non-replicating viral particles have been used in the chick, but are unsuitable for many applications because of size and sequence restraints and low efficiency. To create a more versatile method to target chick germ line stem cells, we utilized the transposable element system piggyBac paired with an in vivo transfection reagent, JetPEI. piggyBac has been previously shown to be highly active in mammalian cells and will transpose into the chicken genome. Here, we show that JetPEI can transfect multiple chick cell types, most notably germline stem cells. We also show that pairing these two reagents is a viable and reproducible method for long-term expression of a transgene in the chicken. Stable expression of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) transgene was seen in multiple tissue types including heart, brain, liver, intestine, kidney and gonad. Combining an in vivo transfection strategy with the PB system provides a simple and flexible method for efficiently producing stable chimeric birds and could be used for production of germ line transgenics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, 110 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
| | - Seth Vogel
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 563 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA
| | - Michael R Stark
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, 563 WIDB, Provo, UT 84602, USA.
| | - Robert B Beckstead
- Department of Poultry Science, The University of Georgia, 110 Cedar Street, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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24
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Lu Y, West FD, Jordan BJ, Mumaw JL, Jordan ET, Gallegos-Cardenas A, Beckstead RB, Stice SL. Avian-induced pluripotent stem cells derived using human reprogramming factors. Stem Cells Dev 2011; 21:394-403. [PMID: 21970437 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2011.0499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Avian species are important model animals for developmental biology and disease research. However, unlike in mice, where clonal lines of pluripotent stem cells have enabled researchers to study mammalian gene function, clonal and highly proliferative pluripotent avian cell lines have been an elusive goal. Here we demonstrate the generation of avian induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), the first nonmammalian iPSCs, which were clonally isolated and propagated, important attributes not attained in embryo-sourced avian cells. This was accomplished using human pluripotency genes rather than avian genes, indicating that the process in which mammalian and nonmammalian cells are reprogrammed is a conserved process. Quail iPSCs (qiPSCs) were capable of forming all 3 germ layers in vitro and were directly differentiated in culture into astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and neurons. Ultimately, qiPSCs were capable of generating live chimeric birds and incorporated into tissues from all 3 germ layers, extraembryonic tissues, and potentially the germline. These chimera competent qiPSCs and in vitro differentiated cells offer insight into the conserved nature of reprogramming and genetic tools that were only previously available in mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Animal Reproduction Institute, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi, China
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Nakade H, Jordan BJ, Srivastava S, Xu H, Yu X, Pollier MA, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Molecular recognition-induced liquid crystals from complementary diaminopyridine and flavin dyads. Supramol Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10610278.2010.506540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakade
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Brian J. Jordan
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Sudhanshu Srivastava
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Hao Xu
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Xi Yu
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Michael A. Pollier
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
| | - Graeme Cooke
- b Department of Chemistry , WestCHEM, University of Glasgow , Joseph Black Building, Glasgow , G12 8QQ , UK
| | - Vincent M. Rotello
- a Department of Chemistry , University of Massachusetts , 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst , MA , 01003 , USA
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Subramani C, Yesilbag G, Jordan BJ, Li X, Khorasani A, Cooke G, Sanyal A, Rotello VM. Recognition mediated encapsulation and isolation of flavin–polymer conjugates using dendritic guest moieties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2010; 46:2067-9. [DOI: 10.1039/b926746h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Jordan BJ, Hong R, Han G, Rana S, Rotello VM. Modulation of enzyme-substrate selectivity using tetraethylene glycol functionalized gold nanoparticles. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:434004. [PMID: 19801753 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/43/434004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tetraethylene glycol (TEG) functionalized gold nanoparticles with 2 nm core diameters (AuTEG) enhance alpha-chymotrypsin (ChT) enzyme activity in a substrate-selective fashion. We explored the hydrolysis of four different substrates and observed a marked increase in activity with the most hydrophobic substrate N-succinyl-alanine-alanine-proline-phenylalanine- p-nitroanilide (TP), while the other substrates remain virtually unaffected by the AuTEG 'crowding effect' in solution. The enhancement in catalysis is indicated by an increase in K(cat)/K(m) as obtained from Lineweaver-Burk analysis and we hypothesize it to arise from a macromolecular crowding effect analogous to that observed with high molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Yu X, Samanta B, Xu H, Arumugam P, Ofir Y, Jordan BJ, Rotello VM. Fabrication and functionalization of supramolecular microgel arrays through complementary hydrogen-bonding interactions. Small 2009; 5:86-89. [PMID: 19058286 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant St., Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jordan BJ, Ofir Y, Patra D, Caldwell ST, Kennedy A, Joubanian S, Rabani G, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Controlled self-assembly of organic nanowires and platelets using dipolar and hydrogen-bonding interactions. Small 2008; 4:2074-2078. [PMID: 18855971 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200800811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Synergistic dipole-dipole and hydrogen-bonding interactions are used to assemble nanostructured materials. Precipitation of a hydrogen-bonding donor-acceptor molecule 8-[[p-[bis(ethyl)amino]phenyl]azo]-isobutylflavin (ABFL) yields nanowires approximately 50-150 nm in diameter and lengths of several millimeters. Precipitation of the non-hydrogen-bonding analog, methylated ABFL (MABFL), generates micrometer-sized hexagonal platelets that are 5-10 microm in length, 1-5 microm in width, and 0.1-0.5 microm thick. The structural similarity of the two molecules allows intermediate morphologies to be formed via co-precipitation. Doping experiments demonstrate efficient control over nanowire length and diameter due to the disruption of the hydrogen bonding within the nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Agasti SS, Caldwell ST, Cooke G, Jordan BJ, Kennedy A, Kryvokhyzha N, Rabani G, Rana S, Sanyal A, Rotello VM. Dendron-based model systems for flavoenzyme activity: towards a new class of synthetic flavoenzyme. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:4123-5. [PMID: 18802503 DOI: 10.1039/b809568j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Three generations of water-soluble flavin dendrons have been synthesized and the role dendrimer generation has on the physical and catalytic properties of these assemblies has been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarit S Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jordan BJ, Pollier MA, Ofir Y, Joubanian S, Mehtala JG, Sinkel C, Caldwell ST, Kennedy A, Rabani G, Cooke G, Rotello VM. 'Lock and key' control of optical properties in a push-pull system. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:1653-5. [PMID: 18368154 DOI: 10.1039/b718015b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
We report the modulation of the absorbance of a flavin push-pull derivative through specific recognition by a complementary diamidopyridine (DAP), shifting the flavin intramolecular charge transfer band by approximately 30 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Srivastava S, Samanta B, Jordan BJ, Hong R, Xiao Q, Tuominen MT, Rotello VM. Integrated magnetic bionanocomposites through nanoparticle-mediated assembly of ferritin. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129:11776-80. [PMID: 17803305 DOI: 10.1021/ja073163x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic (FePt) and nonmagnetic (Au) nanoparticles were used to assemble ferritin into near-monodisperse bionanocomposites featuring regular interparticle spacing. The FePt/ferritin assemblies are integrated magnetic materials with ferritin providing added magnetic volume fraction to the magnetic nanocomposite. These assemblies differ from either of their constituent particles in terms of blocking temperature (TB), net magnetic moment, coercivity, and remnance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sudhanshu Srivastava
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Jordan BJ, Pollier MA, Miller LA, Tiernan C, Clavier G, Audebert P, Rotello VM. Redox-Modulated Recognition of Tetrazines Using Thioureas. Org Lett 2007; 9:2835-8. [PMID: 17602564 DOI: 10.1021/ol070981l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Reduced 1,2,4,5-tetrazines serve as two-point hydrogen-bonding acceptors for thiourea. This host-guest system does not exhibit significant binding in the neutral state, making the complex an electrochemical "on/off" switch.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Abstract
[reaction: see text] A random copolymer containing 1,5-dialkyloxynaphthalene moieties has been synthesized using atom-transfer radical polymerization. We have shown that this polymer has the ability to form complexes with the tetracationic cyclophane cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene) (CBPQT(4+)) and that electrochemical reduction of the cyclophane or the addition of a competing guest for the cavity of the cyclophane results in disassembly of the supramolecular polymer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme Cooke
- WestCHEM, Department of Chemistry, Joseph Black Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, U.K., Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA.
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Jordan BJ, Cooke G, Garety JF, Pollier MA, Kryvokhyzha N, Bayir A, Rabani G, Rotello VM. Polymeric model systems for flavoenzyme activity: towards synthetic flavoenzymes. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1248-50. [PMID: 17356772 DOI: 10.1039/b616159f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the synthesis of a water-soluble flavin polymer using ATRP, whereby the oligoethylene glycol backbone provides both a local hydrophobic environment and redox tuning of the flavin moiety typical of flavoenzyme prototypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Nakade H, Jordan BJ, Xu H, Han G, Srivastava S, Arvizo RR, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Chiral Translation and Cooperative Self-Assembly of Discrete Helical Structures Using Molecular Recognition Dyads. J Am Chem Soc 2006; 128:14924-9. [PMID: 17105303 DOI: 10.1021/ja064554z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Complementary diaminopyridine (DAP) and flavin derivatives self-assemble into discrete helically stacked tetrads in hydrocarbon solvents. The self-assembled structure was demonstrated through induced circular dichroism using DAPs with chiral side-chains and flavin with achiral side-chains. Flavin derivatives with chiral side-chains were synthesized; cooperativity in the self-assembly was established through circular dichroism (CD) profiles and melting curves. It was found that placing stereocenters in both recognition units resulted in a strong bisignated profile and enhancement of complex stability, indicative of cooperative self-assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 North Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Bayir A, Jordan BJ, Verma A, Pollier MA, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Model systems for flavoenzyme activity: recognition and redox modulation of flavin mononucleotide in water using nanoparticles. Chem Commun (Camb) 2006:4033-5. [PMID: 17003890 DOI: 10.1039/b608928c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have used mixed monolayer protected gold clusters (MMPCs) to provide flavoenzyme model systems with a high affinity and ability to modulate cofactor reduction potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Bayir
- Department of Chemistry, LGRT 701, 710 N. Pleasant St., University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
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Jordan BJ, Hong R, Gider B, Hill J, Emrick T, Rotello VM. Stabilization of α-chymotrypsin at air-water interface through surface binding to gold nanoparticle scaffolds. Soft Matter 2006; 2:558-560. [PMID: 32680234 DOI: 10.1039/b603980d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles stabilize chymotrypsin (ChT) against denaturation at the air-water interface through catenation and preferential localization of the nanoparticles at the air-water interface with concomitant decrease in interfacial energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian J Jordan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Rui Hong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Basar Gider
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Jason Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
| | - Todd Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA
| | - Vincent M Rotello
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, 710 N. Pleasant Street, Amherst, MA 01003, USA.
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Carroll JB, Cooke G, Garety JF, Jordan BJ, Mabruk S, Rotello VM. The electrochemically-tuneable interactions between flavin-functionalised C60 derivatives and 2,6-diethylamidopyridine. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:3838-40. [PMID: 16041434 DOI: 10.1039/b505215g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the electrochemically-tuneable interactions between flavin-functionalised C60 derivatives and a diamidopyridine derivative.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
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Carroll JB, Jordan BJ, Xu H, Erdogan B, Lee L, Cheng L, Tiernan C, Cooke G, Rotello VM. Model Systems for Flavoenzyme Activity: Site-Isolated Redox Behavior in Flavin-Functionalized Random Polystyrene Copolymers. Org Lett 2005; 7:2551-4. [PMID: 15957888 DOI: 10.1021/ol0505407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] A model system has been developed to study the redox behaviors of flavin derivatives appended onto random polystyrene copolymers through "click" chemistry strategies. The results demonstrate that flavin units attached onto polymers exhibit site-isolated redox behaviors, yielding new materials with electrochemically tunable associations (K(a)(ox) = 450 M(-)(1), K(a)(red) = 18,200 M(-)(1)) to complementary diamidopyridine (DAP) functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Carroll
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
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Abstract
The regular arrangement of complementary diaminopyridine-thymine (DAP-THY) on alternating copolymers permits cooperative binding events and the effective formation of well-controlled micrometre-scale aggregates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Nakade
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
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Boyd ASF, Carroll JB, Cooke G, Garety JF, Jordan BJ, Mabruk S, Rosair G, Rotello VM. Model systems for flavoenzyme activity: a tuneable intramolecularly hydrogen bonded flavin-diamidopyridine complex. Chem Commun (Camb) 2005:2468-70. [PMID: 15886773 DOI: 10.1039/b501887k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report the electrochemically tuneable intramolecular hydrogen bonding interactions between a covalently linked flavin-diamidopyridine unit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan S F Boyd
- Centre for Biomimetic Design & Synthesis, Chemistry, William H. Perkin Building, School of Engineering & Physical Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Riccarton, Edinburgh, UK
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Abstract
1. The excretion and metabolism of tolmesoxide ((4,5-dimethoxy-2-methylphenyl)-methylsulphoxide) has been studied in rat, dog and man. In all species, absorption of oral doses of [14C]tolmesoxide was virtually complete and 78--99% of the 14C was excreted in the urine. 2. In bile-duct cannulated rats, excretion in bile and urine was 49% and 53% dose respectively. Metabolites of tolmesoxide in bile undergo enterohepatic circulation with final elimination by the kidneys. 3. Quantification and identification of metabolites in urine (0-24 h) were obtained by two-dimensional t.l.c. Tolmesoxide was extensively metabolized in all animal species. 4. The major routes of metabolism in rat, dog and man were oxidation to sulphones and O-demethylation followed by sulphate or glucuronide conjugation. Little or none of the urinary 14C was present as sulphide derivatives.
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Henson R, Lloyd-Jones JG, Nichols JD, Jordan BJ. Pharmacokinetics of fenclofenac following single and multiple doses. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 1980; 5:217-23. [PMID: 7250145 DOI: 10.1007/bf03189467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The plasma concentration of the anti-inflammatory drug fenclofenac was investigated in volunteers following single oral doses of 200, 500 and 600 mg, as well as multiple doses of 600mg b.i.d. over five days, using gas chromatography with electron capture detection. The pharmacokinetic parameters derived were independent of dose, and the terminal half-life, t1/2, varied independently of dose between 20 and 38 hours (27.23 +/- 1.8 at 600mg). The apparent volume of distribution (Vd area) had similar values at doses of 200, 500 and 600mg of 15.2 +/- 2.6, 18.2 +/- 1.5 and 14.7 +/- 1.7 litres respectively. These small volumes of distribution indicate that fenclofenac distributes mainly into extracellular space. A mean peak plasma concentration of 63.5 +/- 4.6microgram/ml developed after 3 to4 hours following a single 600mg dose whilst a mean steady state plasma concentration (600mg b.i.d.) of 86.9 +/- 5.7 microgram/ml was achieved within four days, and this decayed with a mean terminal half-life of 25.9 +/- 4.2 hours.
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Abstract
1. The excretion and metabolism of radiolabelled fenclofenac (2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)phenylacetic acid, Flenac) has been studied in five species. 2. In the rat, absorption of oral doses of fenclofenac was virtually complete and elimination occurred mainly by the bile and faeces. The guinea-pig excreted equal amounts of radioactivity in urine and faeces, while in rabbit, baboon and man renal excretion was the more important route. 3. In all species the majority of excreted radioactivity was present as fenclofenac ester glucuronide. Amino acid conjunction with fenclofenac was minimal in all species studied. 4. Mono- and di-hydroxylated metabolites have been detected in urine from guinea-pig, baboon and man. The major hydroxylated metabolite in baboon urine has been identified as 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-5'-hydroxyphenylacetic acid.
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Rance MJ, Jordan BJ, Nichols JD. A simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid and salicylamide in plasma by gas liquid chromatography. J Pharm Pharmacol 1975; 27:425-9. [PMID: 237091 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1975.tb09472.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A novel method for the simultaneous determination of acetylsalicylic acid, salicylic acid and salicylamide in biological fluids by gas liquid chromatography is described. The assay has been used to determine the plasma concentration of salicylates in 10 volunteers after oral ingestion of three commercially available aspirin-containing formulations. No difficulty was encountered in determining low concentrations of acetylsalicylic acid in the presence of higher concentrations of salicylic acid. The in vivo plasma half life of acetylsalicylic acid in man was found to be 15.5 min.
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Atkinson DC, Godfrey KE, Jordan BJ, Leach EC, Meek B, Nichols JD, Saville JF. 2-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) phenylacetic acid (fenclofenac): one of a novel series of anti-inflammatory compounds with low ulcerogenic potential. J Pharm Pharmacol 1974; 26:357-8. [PMID: 4153166 DOI: 10.1111/j.2042-7158.1974.tb09289.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Chadwick A, Jordan BJ. The lipids of the crop epithelium of pigeons after injection with prolactin from the pituitaries of different vertebrate classes. J Endocrinol 1971; 49:51-8. [PMID: 5089687 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.0490051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY
The histological appearance, the lipid content and composition of the epithelium of the pigeon crop were investigated after intradermal injection of extracts containing prolactin from representatives of several vertebrate classes. Lipids from crop 'milk' and body depot fat were also studied. There was significantly more lipid in stimulated crop tissue than in the unstimulated crop but significantly less than in crop 'milk', which had approximately half the concentration present in depot fat. Although the lipid staining of histological sections of crops of pigeons injected with prolactin from different vertebrate classes differed strikingly, no difference in lipid concentration in the crop tissue was detected. Equally there were no striking differences between the fatty acid compositions of the triglycerides extracted from the different crops or between these and the triglycerides of crop 'milk' or depot fat. The implications of these findings regarding the effects of prolactin in the pigeon and possible attributes of prolactin from different vertebrate classes are discussed.
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