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Burroughs RW, Parham JF, Stuart BL, Smits PD, Angielczyk KD. Morphological Species Delimitation in The Western Pond Turtle ( Actinemys): Can Machine Learning Methods Aid in Cryptic Species Identification? Integr Org Biol 2024; 6:obae010. [PMID: 38689939 PMCID: PMC11058871 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obae010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
As the discovery of cryptic species has increased in frequency, there has been an interest in whether geometric morphometric data can detect fine-scale patterns of variation that can be used to morphologically diagnose such species. We used a combination of geometric morphometric data and an ensemble of five supervised machine learning methods (MLMs) to investigate whether plastron shape can differentiate two putative cryptic turtle species, Actinemys marmorata and Actinemys pallida. Actinemys has been the focus of considerable research due to its biogeographic distribution and conservation status. Despite this work, reliable morphological diagnoses for its two species are still lacking. We validated our approach on two datasets, one consisting of eight morphologically disparate emydid species, the other consisting of two subspecies of Trachemys (T. scripta scripta, T. scripta elegans). The validation tests returned near-perfect classification rates, demonstrating that plastron shape is an effective means for distinguishing taxonomic groups of emydids via MLMs. In contrast, the same methods did not return high classification rates for a set of alternative phylogeographic and morphological binning schemes in Actinemys. All classification hypotheses performed poorly relative to the validation datasets and no single hypothesis was unequivocally supported for Actinemys. Two hypotheses had machine learning performance that was marginally better than our remaining hypotheses. In both cases, those hypotheses favored a two-species split between A. marmorata and A. pallida specimens, lending tentative morphological support to the hypothesis of two Actinemys species. However, the machine learning results also underscore that Actinemys as a whole has lower levels of plastral variation than other turtles within Emydidae, but the reason for this morphological conservatism is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- R W Burroughs
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
- Center for Inclusive Education, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - J F Parham
- Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
| | - B L Stuart
- Section of Research and Collections, NC Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - P D Smits
- 952 NW 60th St., Seattle, Washington, WA 98107, USA
| | - K D Angielczyk
- Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL 60605, USA
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2
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Bernstein JM, Voris HK, Stuart BL, Karns DR, McGuire JA, Iskandar DT, Riyanto A, Calderón-Acevedo CA, Brown RM, Gehara M, Soto-Centeno JA, Ruane S. Integrative methods reveal multiple drivers of diversification in rice paddy snakes. Sci Rep 2024; 14:4727. [PMID: 38472264 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-54744-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Divergence dating analyses in systematics provide a framework to develop and test biogeographic hypotheses regarding speciation. However, as molecular datasets grow from multilocus to genomic, sample sizes decrease due to computational burdens, and the testing of fine-scale biogeographic hypotheses becomes difficult. In this study, we use coalescent demographic models to investigate the diversification of poorly known rice paddy snakes from Southeast Asia (Homalopsidae: Hypsiscopus), which have conflicting dates of origin based on previous studies. We use coalescent modeling to test the hypothesis that Hypsiscopus diversified 2.5 mya during the Khorat Plateau uplift in Thailand. Additionally, we use ecological niche analyses to identify potential differences in the niche space of the two most widely distributed species in the past and present. Our results suggest Hypsiscopus diversified ~ 2.4 mya, supporting that the Khorat Plateau may have initiated the diversification of rice paddy snakes. We also find significant niche differentiation and shifts between species of Hypsiscopus, indicating that environmental differences may have sustained differentiation of this genus after the Khorat Plateau uplift. Our study expands on the diversification history of snakes in Southeast Asia, and highlights how results from smaller multilocus datasets can be useful in developing and testing biogeographic hypotheses alongside genomic datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M Bernstein
- Center for Genomics, University of Kansas, Dyche Hall, 1345 Jayhawk Blvd, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA.
| | - Harold K Voris
- Life Sciences Section, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, 27601, USA
| | - Daryl R Karns
- Biology Department, Hanover College, Hanover, IN, 47243, USA
| | - Jimmy A McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Djoko T Iskandar
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Awal Riyanto
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, Research Center for Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency of Indonesia (BRIN), Cibinong, 16911, Indonesia
| | - Camilo A Calderón-Acevedo
- State University of New York: College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, NY, 13210, USA
| | - Rafe M Brown
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Biodiversity Institute, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, 66045, USA
| | - Marcelo Gehara
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
| | - J Angel Soto-Centeno
- Department of Earth and Environmental Science, Rutgers University-Newark, Newark, NJ, 07102, USA
- Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, 10024, USA
| | - Sara Ruane
- Life Sciences Section, Negaunee Integrative Research Center, Field Museum, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA
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Liu XL, Huang JK, Stuart BL, Ai RD, Bernstein JM, Suwannapoom C, Chomdej S, Che J, Yuan ZY. Taxonomic revision of genus Rohanixalus (Anura: Rhacophoridae) in China with description of one new species. Zool Res 2023; 44:1146-1151. [PMID: 37963841 PMCID: PMC10802100 DOI: 10.24272/j.issn.2095-8137.2023.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Long Liu
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Jun-Kai Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Rare and Endangered Animal Ecology, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin, Guangxi 541004, China
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh NC 27601, USA
| | - Ren-Da Ai
- Key Laboratory for Conserving Wildlife with Small Populations in Yunnan, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan 650224, China
| | | | - Chatmongkon Suwannapoom
- Division of Fishery, School of Agriculture and Natural Resources, University of Phayao, Phayao 56000, Thailand
| | - Siriwadee Chomdej
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution, Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650223, China
- Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yezin, Nay Pyi Taw 05282, Myanmar. E-mail:
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- Integrative Science Center of Germplasm Creation in Western China (Chongqing) Science City, Biological Science Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development (Ministry of Education), School of Life Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China. E-mail:
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4
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Nachman MW, Beckman EJ, Bowie RCK, Cicero C, Conroy CJ, Dudley R, Hayes TB, Koo MS, Lacey EA, Martin CH, McGuire JA, Patton JL, Spencer CL, Tarvin RD, Wake MH, Wang IJ, Achmadi A, Álvarez-Castañeda ST, Andersen MJ, Arroyave J, Austin CC, Barker FK, Barrow LN, Barrowclough GF, Bates J, Bauer AM, Bell KC, Bell RC, Bronson AW, Brown RM, Burbrink FT, Burns KJ, Cadena CD, Cannatella DC, Castoe TA, Chakrabarty P, Colella JP, Cook JA, Cracraft JL, Davis DR, Davis Rabosky AR, D’Elía G, Dumbacher JP, Dunnum JL, Edwards SV, Esselstyn JA, Faivovich J, Fjeldså J, Flores-Villela OA, Ford K, Fuchs J, Fujita MK, Good JM, Greenbaum E, Greene HW, Hackett S, Hamidy A, Hanken J, Haryoko T, Hawkins MTR, Heaney LR, Hillis DM, Hollingsworth BD, Hornsby AD, Hosner PA, Irham M, Jansa S, Jiménez RA, Joseph L, Kirchman JJ, LaDuc TJ, Leaché AD, Lessa EP, López-Fernández H, Mason NA, McCormack JE, McMahan CD, Moyle RG, Ojeda RA, Olson LE, Kin Onn C, Parenti LR, Parra-Olea G, Patterson BD, Pauly GB, Pavan SE, Peterson AT, Poe S, Rabosky DL, Raxworthy CJ, Reddy S, Rico-Guevara A, Riyanto A, Rocha LA, Ron SR, Rovito SM, Rowe KC, Rowley J, Ruane S, Salazar-Valenzuela D, Shultz AJ, Sidlauskas B, Sikes DS, Simmons NB, Stiassny MLJ, Streicher JW, Stuart BL, Summers AP, Tavera J, Teta P, Thompson CW, Timm RM, Torres-Carvajal O, Voelker G, Voss RS, Winker K, Witt C, Wommack EA, Zink RM. Specimen collection is essential for modern science. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002318. [PMID: 37992027 PMCID: PMC10664955 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural history museums are vital repositories of specimens, samples and data that inform about the natural world; this Formal Comment revisits a Perspective that advocated for the adoption of compassionate collection practices, querying whether it will ever be possible to completely do away with whole animal specimen collection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael W. Nachman
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth J. Beckman
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Rauri CK Bowie
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Carla Cicero
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Chris J. Conroy
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Robert Dudley
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Tyrone B. Hayes
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Michelle S. Koo
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Eileen A. Lacey
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Christopher H. Martin
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Jimmy A. McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - James L. Patton
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Carol L. Spencer
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Rebecca D. Tarvin
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Marvalee H. Wake
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Ian J. Wang
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, UC Berkeley, Berkeley, California, United States of America
| | - Anang Achmadi
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | | | - Michael J. Andersen
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Jairo Arroyave
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Christopher C. Austin
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - F Keith Barker
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Lisa N. Barrow
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - John Bates
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Aaron M. Bauer
- Department of Biology, Villanova University, Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Kayce C. Bell
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Rayna C. Bell
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Allison W. Bronson
- Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - Rafe M. Brown
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Frank T. Burbrink
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin J. Burns
- Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, California, United States of America
| | | | - David C. Cannatella
- Biodiversity Center & Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Todd A. Castoe
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Prosanta Chakrabarty
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Jocelyn P. Colella
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Joseph A. Cook
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Joel L. Cracraft
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Drew R. Davis
- Natural History Museum and Dept. of Biology, Eastern New Mexico University, Portales, New Mexico, United States of America
| | | | - Guillermo D’Elía
- Instituto de Cs. Ambientales y Evolutivas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - John P. Dumbacher
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Jonathan L. Dunnum
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Scott V. Edwards
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Jacob A. Esselstyn
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - Julián Faivovich
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Jon Fjeldså
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Kassandra Ford
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Jérôme Fuchs
- ISYEB, Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Matthew K. Fujita
- Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey M. Good
- Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Biodiversity Collections and Dept. of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States of America
| | - Harry W. Greene
- Biodiversity Center & Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Shannon Hackett
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Amir Hamidy
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - James Hanken
- Museum of Comparative Zoology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Tri Haryoko
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Melissa TR Hawkins
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Lawrence R. Heaney
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - David M. Hillis
- Biodiversity Center & Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | | | - Angela D. Hornsby
- Philip L. Wright Zoological Museum, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana, United States of America
| | - Peter A. Hosner
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mohammad Irham
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Sharon Jansa
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Rosa Alicia Jiménez
- Escuela de Biología, Universidad de San Carlos de Guatemala, Ciudad de Guatemala, Guatemala
| | - Leo Joseph
- Australian National Wildlife Collection, CSIRO, Canberra, Australia
| | | | - Travis J. LaDuc
- Biodiversity Center & Dept. of Integrative Biology, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, United States of America
| | - Adam D. Leaché
- Burke Museum, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Enrique P. Lessa
- Departamento de Ecología y Evolución, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hernán López-Fernández
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Nicholas A. Mason
- Museum of Natural Science and Department of Biological Sciences, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, United States of America
| | - John E. McCormack
- Moore Laboratory of Zoology, Occidental College, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Caleb D. McMahan
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Robert G. Moyle
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Ricardo A. Ojeda
- CONICET, Centro de Ciencia y Técnica Mendoza, Mendoza, Argentina
| | - Link E. Olson
- University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | | | - Lynne R. Parenti
- Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Parra-Olea
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Bruce D. Patterson
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Gregory B. Pauly
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Silvia E. Pavan
- Biological Sciences, California State Polytechnic University, Humboldt, Arcata, California, United States of America
| | - A Townsend Peterson
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Steven Poe
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Daniel L. Rabosky
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Sushma Reddy
- Bell Museum of Natural History, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, Minnesota, United States of America
| | | | - Awal Riyanto
- Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Cibinong, Indonesia
| | - Luiz A. Rocha
- California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, United States of America
| | - Santiago R. Ron
- Museo de Zoología, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador
| | | | - Kevin C. Rowe
- Museums Victoria Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jodi Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
| | - Sara Ruane
- Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | | | - Allison J. Shultz
- Natural History Museum of Los Angeles County, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
| | - Brian Sidlauskas
- Dept. of Fisheries, Wildlife & Conservation Sciences, Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon, United States of America
| | - Derek S. Sikes
- University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Nancy B. Simmons
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | | | | | - Bryan L. Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Adam P. Summers
- Friday Harbor Laboratories, University of Washington, Friday Harbor, Washington, United States of America
| | | | - Pablo Teta
- Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia", Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Cody W. Thompson
- Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Timm
- Biodiversity Institute and Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, United States of America
| | | | - Gary Voelker
- Dept. Ecology and Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert S. Voss
- American Museum of Natural History, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kevin Winker
- University of Alaska Museum, Fairbanks, Alaska, United States of America
| | - Christopher Witt
- Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America
| | - Elizabeth A. Wommack
- University of Wyoming Museum of Vertebrates, University of Wyoming, Laramie, Wyoming, United States of America
| | - Robert M. Zink
- University of Nebraska State Museum, Lincoln, Nebraska, United States of America
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5
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Wu YH, Hou SB, Yuan ZY, Jiang K, Huang RY, Wang K, Liu Q, Yu ZB, Zhao HP, Zhang BL, Chen JM, Wang LJ, Stuart BL, Chambers EA, Wang YF, Gao W, Zou DH, Yan F, Zhao GG, Fu ZX, Wang SN, Jiang M, Zhang L, Ren JL, Wu YY, Zhang LY, Yang DC, Jin JQ, Yin TT, Li JT, Zhao WG, Murphy RW, Huang S, Guo P, Zhang YP, Che J. DNA barcoding of Chinese snakes reveals hidden diversity and conservation needs. Mol Ecol Resour 2023. [PMID: 36924341 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
Abstract
DNA barcoding has greatly facilitated studies of taxonomy, biodiversity, biological conservation, and ecology. Here, we establish a reliable DNA barcoding library for Chinese snakes, unveiling hidden diversity with implications for taxonomy, and provide a standardized tool for conservation management. Our comprehensive study includes 1638 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequences from Chinese snakes that correspond to 17 families, 65 genera, 228 named species (80.6% of named species) and 36 candidate species. A barcode gap analysis reveals gaps, where all nearest neighbour distances exceed maximum intraspecific distances, in 217 named species and all candidate species. Three species-delimitation methods (ABGD, sGMYC, and sPTP) recover 320 operational taxonomic units (OTUs), of which 192 OTUs correspond to named and candidate species. Twenty-eight other named species share OTUs, such as Azemiops feae and A. kharini, Gloydius halys, G. shedaoensis, and G. intermedius, and Bungarus multicinctus and B. candidus, representing inconsistencies most probably caused by imperfect taxonomy, recent and rapid speciation, weak taxonomic signal, introgressive hybridization, and/or inadequate phylogenetic signal. In contrast, 43 species and candidate species assign to two or more OTUs due to having large intraspecific distances. If most OTUs detected in this study reflect valid species, including the 36 candidate species, then 30% more species would exist than are currently recognized. Several OTU divergences associate with known biogeographic barriers, such as the Taiwan Strait. In addition to facilitating future studies, this reliable and relatively comprehensive reference database will play an important role in the future monitoring, conservation, and management of Chinese snakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-He Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Shao-Bing Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Kunming College of Life Science, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650204, China
| | - Zhi-Yong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Ke Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Ru-Yi Huang
- Shanghai Collaborative Innovation for Aquatic Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Qin Liu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644007, China
| | - Zhong-Bin Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Hai-Peng Zhao
- School of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, 475001, China
| | - Bao-Lin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jin-Min Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Li-Jun Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Hainan Normal University, Haikou, Hainan, 571158, China
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27601, USA
| | - E Anne Chambers
- Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California, 94720, USA
| | - Yu-Fan Wang
- Zhejiang Forest Resource Monitoring Center, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310020, China
| | - Wei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Da-Hu Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- College of Science, Tibet University, Lhasa, Tibet, 850000, China
| | - Fang Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Gui-Gang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Zhong-Xiong Fu
- Yunnan Senye Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan, 666100, China
| | - Shao-Neng Wang
- Bureau of Guangxi Mao'er Mountain Nature Reserve, Guilin, Guangxi, 541316, China
| | - Ming Jiang
- Gongshan Bureau of Gaoligongshan National Nature Reserve, Gongshan, Yunnan, 650224, China
| | - Liang Zhang
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Animal Conservation and Resource Utilization, Institute of Zoology, Guangdong Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510260, China
| | - Jin-Long Ren
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Ya-Yong Wu
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644007, China
| | - Lu-Yang Zhang
- Beijing Mountains & Seas Eco Technology Co. Ltd, Beijing, 101100, China
| | - Dian-Cheng Yang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Jie-Qiong Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Ting-Ting Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jia-Tang Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan, 610041, China
| | - Wen-Ge Zhao
- College of Life Science and Technology, Harbin Normal University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, 150025, China
| | - Robert W Murphy
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
- Reptilia Zoo and Education Centre, Vaughn, Ontario, L4K 2N6, Canada
| | - Song Huang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of the Conservation and Exploitation of Biological Resource, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Peng Guo
- Faculty of Agriculture, Forest and Food Engineering, Yibin University, Yibin, Sichuan, 644007, China
| | - Ya-Ping Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
| | - Jing Che
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Resources and Evolution & Yunnan Key Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecological Conservation of Gaoligong Mountain, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan, 650223, China
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6
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Zhang YP, Liu XL, Stuart BL, Wu DY, Wang YF, Che J, Yuan ZY. Amolops putaoensis Gan, Qin, Lwin, Li, Quan, Liu & Yu, 2020, a newly recorded torrent frog for China. HERPETOZOA 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/herpetozoa.35.e94745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Amolops putaoensis is a recently described torrent frog species from A. monticola group that is known only from its type locality, northern Myanmar. We compared morphology and mitochondrial DNA sequence data from ten recently collected adult male specimens from the upper Dulong River System in Gongshan County, Yunnan Province, China, to the original description of A. putaoensis. Both datasets strongly supported referring the Chinese specimens to A. putaoensis, extending the known range of this species by approximately 133.7 km distance into China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses recovered A. putaoensis to be closely related to A. aniqiaoensis, A. kohimaensis, A. monticola, and A. adicola. We use the newly collected Chinese specimens to expand the morphological description of the species.
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7
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Ampai N, Rujirawan A, Yodthong S, Termprayoon K, Stuart BL, Wood Jr PL, Aowphol A. Hidden diversity of rock geckos within the Cnemaspissiamensis species group (Gekkonidae, Squamata): genetic and morphological data from southern Thailand reveal two new insular species and verify the phylogenetic affinities of C.chanardi and C.kamolnorranathi. Zookeys 2022; 1125:115-158. [PMID: 36761290 PMCID: PMC9836533 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1125.94060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Two new insular rock geckos in the genus Cnemaspis are described from Ko Samui in Surat Thani Province and Ko Similan in Phang-nga Province, southern Thailand, based on a combination of morphological and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) data. Both new species represent divergent lineages within the Cnemaspissiamensis species group. Cnemaspissamui sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the group by having eight or nine supralabial and infralabial scales; 5-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales in males, pores rounded; 25-27 paravertebral tubercles, arranged randomly; 22-25 subdigital lamellae under 4th toe; enlarged median subcaudal scale row present; gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish only in males, and uncorrected pairwise divergences of 8.86-26.83% from all other species in the C.siamensis species group. Cnemaspissimilan sp. nov. is distinguished from other species in the group by having eight or nine supralabial and seven or eight infralabial scales; one pore-bearing precloacal scale in males, pore rounded; 24 or 25 paravertebral tubercles, arranged randomly; 23 or 24 subdigital lamellae under 4th toe; no enlarged median subcaudal scale row; pale yellow reticulum on head, neck, flanks, belly and limbs in male only, and uncorrected pairwise divergences of 9.34-27.11% from all other species in the C.siamensis species group. Cnemaspissamui sp. nov. is found along granitic rocky stream outcrops of Hin Lad Waterfall, Ko Samui, Gulf of Thailand, while Cnemaspissimilan sp. nov. occurs in granitic rocky outcrops near Ao Nguang Chang Bay, Ko Similan, Andaman Sea. The phylogenetic analyses confirmed that C.chanardi and C.kamolnorranathi are also nested within the C.siamensis species group, as previously hypothesized from morphology and color pattern characters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Ampai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110 ThailandSrinakharinwirot UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Siriporn Yodthong
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Thaksin University, Pa Phayom, Phattalung, 93210 ThailandThaksin UniversityPhattalungThailand
| | - Korkhwan Termprayoon
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USASection of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighUnited States of America
| | - Perry L. Wood Jr
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USAUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborUnited States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
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8
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Rujirawan A, Yodthong S, Ampai N, Termprayoon K, Aksornneam A, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. A new rock gecko in the Cnemaspis siamensis group (Reptilia, Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. ZOOSYST EVOL 2022. [DOI: 10.3897/zse.98.89591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe a new species of the gekkonid genus Cnemaspis from Erawan National Park in Kanchanaburi Province of western Thailand. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 gene and flanking tRNAs, revealed that Cnemaspis auriventralissp. nov. is nested within the C. siamensis group and is closely related to C. huaseesom, but has uncorrected pairwise genetic divergences of 12.12–27.92% from all other species in the C. siamensis group. The new species is also distinguished from other species in the C. siamensis group by having the combination of snout-vent length 36.7–38.6 mm in males (N = 3), 32.9–36.9 mm in females (N = 2); eight to ten supralabials; seven to nine infralabials; ventral scales smooth; six or seven precloacal pores in males; 16–17 paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged; tubercles on the lower flanks present; lateral caudal furrows present; no caudal tubercles in the lateral furrows; ventrolateral caudal tubercles present anteriorly; caudal tubercles not encircling tail; subcaudals smooth bearing a single median row of enlarged smooth scales; two postcloacal tubercles on each side; no shield-like subtibial scales; subtibial scales smooth; no enlarged submetatarsal scales; 23–27 subdigital lamellae on the fourth toe; sexually dimorphic for dorsal and ventral colour pattern; prescapular marking absent; gular marking absent; and yellow colouration in life of all ventral surfaces of head, body and tail in adult males. The new species is currently known only from upland karst habitat at its type locality.
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9
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Yodthong S, Rujirawan A, Stuart BL, Grismer LL, Aksornneam A, Termprayoon K, Ampai N, Aowphol A. A new species in the Cyrtodactylusoldhami group (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Kanchanaburi Province, western Thailand. Zookeys 2022; 1103:139-169. [PMID: 36761785 PMCID: PMC9848611 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1103.84672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtodactylusmonilatus sp. nov. is described from Si Sawat District, Kanchanaburi Province, in western Thailand. The new species superficially resembles C.zebraicus Taylor, 1962 from southern Thailand. However, differences between the new species from C.zebraicus and other congeners were supported by an integrative taxonomic analysis of molecular and morphological data. Phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene showed that the new species is a member of the C.oldhami group and closely related to Cyrtodactylus sp. MT468911 from Thong Pha Phum National Park, Thong Pha Phum District, Kanchanaburi Province. Uncorrected pairwise genetic divergences (p-distances) between the new species and its congeners, including C.zebraicus, ranged from 7.7-17.7%. Cyrtodactylusmonilatus sp. nov. can also be distinguished from all members of the C.oldhami group by having a unique combination of morphological characters, including a snout to vent length of 53.7-63.3 mm in adult males and 58.6-75.8 mm in adult females; 22-34 paravertebral tubercles; 34-42 ventral scales; 30-39 enlarged contiguous femoroprecloacal scales; femoral pores and precloacal pores absent in both sexes; four or five rows of postprecloacal scales; enlarged median subcaudal scales absent; weak ventrolateral folds present; 4-7 rows of paired, paravertebral, dark-brown blotches edged in yellow or yellowish white; and two rows of small, diffuse, yellow or yellowish white spots on flanks. The new species occurs in a narrow range of forest at mid to low elevations associated with karst landscapes in the Tenasserim mountain range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Yodthong
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, USANorth Carolina Museum of Natural SciencesRaleighUnited States of America
| | - L. Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92505, USALa Sierra UniversityRiversideUnited States of America
| | - Akrachai Aksornneam
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Korkhwan Termprayoon
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Natee Ampai
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok 10110, ThailandSrinakharinwirot UniversityBangkokThailand
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok 10900, ThailandKasetsart UniversityBangkokThailand
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10
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Cox N, Young BE, Bowles P, Fernandez M, Marin J, Rapacciuolo G, Böhm M, Brooks TM, Hedges SB, Hilton-Taylor C, Hoffmann M, Jenkins RKB, Tognelli MF, Alexander GJ, Allison A, Ananjeva NB, Auliya M, Avila LJ, Chapple DG, Cisneros-Heredia DF, Cogger HG, Colli GR, de Silva A, Eisemberg CC, Els J, Fong G A, Grant TD, Hitchmough RA, Iskandar DT, Kidera N, Martins M, Meiri S, Mitchell NJ, Molur S, Nogueira CDC, Ortiz JC, Penner J, Rhodin AGJ, Rivas GA, Rödel MO, Roll U, Sanders KL, Santos-Barrera G, Shea GM, Spawls S, Stuart BL, Tolley KA, Trape JF, Vidal MA, Wagner P, Wallace BP, Xie Y. A global reptile assessment highlights shared conservation needs of tetrapods. Nature 2022; 605:285-290. [PMID: 35477765 PMCID: PMC9095493 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-04664-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive assessments of species’ extinction risks have documented the extinction crisis1 and underpinned strategies for reducing those risks2. Global assessments reveal that, among tetrapods, 40.7% of amphibians, 25.4% of mammals and 13.6% of birds are threatened with extinction3. Because global assessments have been lacking, reptiles have been omitted from conservation-prioritization analyses that encompass other tetrapods4–7. Reptiles are unusually diverse in arid regions, suggesting that they may have different conservation needs6. Here we provide a comprehensive extinction-risk assessment of reptiles and show that at least 1,829 out of 10,196 species (21.1%) are threatened—confirming a previous extrapolation8 and representing 15.6 billion years of phylogenetic diversity. Reptiles are threatened by the same major factors that threaten other tetrapods—agriculture, logging, urban development and invasive species—although the threat posed by climate change remains uncertain. Reptiles inhabiting forests, where these threats are strongest, are more threatened than those in arid habitats, contrary to our prediction. Birds, mammals and amphibians are unexpectedly good surrogates for the conservation of reptiles, although threatened reptiles with the smallest ranges tend to be isolated from other threatened tetrapods. Although some reptiles—including most species of crocodiles and turtles—require urgent, targeted action to prevent extinctions, efforts to protect other tetrapods, such as habitat preservation and control of trade and invasive species, will probably also benefit many reptiles. An extinction-risk assessment of reptiles shows that at least 21.1% of species are threatened by factors such as agriculture, logging, urban development and invasive species, and that efforts to protect birds, mammals and amphibians probably also benefit many reptiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil Cox
- Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN-Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Philip Bowles
- Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN-Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- NatureServe, Arlington, VA, USA.,Smithsonian-Mason School of Conservation and Department of Environmental Science and Policy, George Mason University, Fairfax, VA, USA.,Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Mayor de San Andrés, La Paz, Bolivia
| | - Julie Marin
- Université Sorbonne Paris Nord, INSERM, IAME, Bobigny, France
| | - Giovanni Rapacciuolo
- Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monika Böhm
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Thomas M Brooks
- IUCN, Gland, Switzerland.,World Agroforestry Center (ICRAF), University of The Philippines, Los Baños, The Philippines.,Institute for Marine & Antarctic Studies, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - S Blair Hedges
- Center for Biodiversity, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Craig Hilton-Taylor
- Science & Data Centre: Biodiversity Assessment & Knowledge Team, IUCN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Hoffmann
- Conservation and Policy, Zoological Society of London, London, UK
| | - Richard K B Jenkins
- Science & Data Centre: Biodiversity Assessment & Knowledge Team, IUCN, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marcelo F Tognelli
- Biodiversity Assessment Unit, IUCN-Conservation International, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Graham J Alexander
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | | | - Natalia B Ananjeva
- Department of Herpetology, Zoological Institute, St Petersburg, Russian Federation
| | - Mark Auliya
- Department of Herpetology, Leibniz Institute for the Analysis of Biodiversity Change, Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Bonn, Germany
| | - Luciano Javier Avila
- Grupo Herpetología Patagónica (GHP-LASIBIBE), Instituto Patagónico para el Estudio de los Ecosistemas Continentales (IPEEC-CONICET), Puerto Madryn, Argentina
| | - David G Chapple
- School of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diego F Cisneros-Heredia
- Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Museo de Zoología, Instituto de Biodiversidad Tropical iBIOTROP, Universidad San Francisco de Quito USFQ, Quito, Ecuador.,Instituto Nacional de Biodiversidad, Quito, Ecuador
| | - Harold G Cogger
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Guarino R Colli
- Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade de Brasília, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Anslem de Silva
- South Asia Regional Office, Crocodile Specialist Group, Gampols, Sri Lanka
| | | | - Johannes Els
- Environment and Protected Areas Authority, Government of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ansel Fong G
- Centro Oriental de Ecosistemas y Biodiversidad (BIOECO), Museo de Historia Natural "Tomás Romay", Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - Tandora D Grant
- Conservation Science & Wildlife Health, San Diego Zoo Wildlife Alliance, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Noriko Kidera
- Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Japan.,National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Marcio Martins
- Departamento de Ecologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Shai Meiri
- School of Zoology & the Steinhardt Museum of Natural History, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Nicola J Mitchell
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Western Australia, Australia
| | | | | | - Juan Carlos Ortiz
- Departamento de Zoología, Universidad de Concepción, Concepción, Chile
| | - Johannes Penner
- Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Gilson A Rivas
- Museo de Biología, Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde - Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Berlin, Germany
| | - Uri Roll
- Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Midreshet Ben-Gurion, Israel
| | - Kate L Sanders
- University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | | | - Glenn M Shea
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Sydney School of Veterinary Science B01, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Krystal A Tolley
- Animal, Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.,South African National Biodiversity Institute, Cape Town, South Africa
| | | | - Marcela A Vidal
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad del Bío-Bío, Chillán, Chile
| | | | | | - Yan Xie
- Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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11
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Jaynes KE, Myers EA, Gvoždík V, Blackburn DC, Portik DM, Greenbaum E, Jongsma GFM, Rödel MO, Badjedjea G, Bamba-Kaya A, Baptista NL, Akuboy JB, Ernst R, Kouete MT, Kusamba C, Masudi FM, McLaughlin PJ, Nneji LM, Onadeko AB, Penner J, Vaz Pinto P, Stuart BL, Tobi E, Zassi-Boulou AG, Leaché AD, Fujita MK, Bell RC. Giant Tree Frog diversification in West and Central Africa: Isolation by physical barriers, climate, and reproductive traits. Mol Ecol 2021; 31:3979-3998. [PMID: 34516675 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Secondary sympatry amongst sister lineages is strongly associated with genetic and ecological divergence. This pattern suggests that for closely related species to coexist in secondary sympatry, they must accumulate differences in traits that mediate ecological and/or reproductive isolation. Here, we characterized inter- and intraspecific divergence in three giant tree frog species whose distributions stretch across West and Central Africa. Using genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism data, we demonstrated that species-level divergence coincides temporally and geographically with a period of large-scale forest fragmentation during the late Pliocene. Our environmental niche models further supported a dynamic history of climatic suitability and stability, and indicated that all three species occupy distinct environmental niches. We found modest morphological differentiation amongst the species with significant divergence in tympanum diameter and male advertisement call. In addition, we confirmed that two species occur in secondary sympatry in Central Africa but found no evidence of hybridization. These patterns support the hypothesis that cycles of genetic exchange and isolation across West and Central Africa have contributed to globally significant biodiversity. Furthermore, divergence in both ecology and reproductive traits appear to have played important roles in maintaining distinct lineages. At the intraspecific level, we found that climatic refugia, precipitation gradients, marine incursions, and potentially riverine barriers generated phylogeographic structure throughout the Pleistocene and into the Holocene. Further studies examining phenotypic divergence and secondary contact amongst these geographically structured populations may demonstrate how smaller scale and more recent biogeographic barriers contribute to regional diversification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle E Jaynes
- Department of Biology, Adrian College, Michigan, USA.,Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.,Department of Integrative Biology, W.K. Kellogg Biological Station, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA.,Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior Program, Michigan State University, Michigan, USA
| | - Edward A Myers
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic.,Department of Zoology, National Museum, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - David C Blackburn
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Daniel M Portik
- Herpetology Department, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - Gregory F M Jongsma
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,Department of Biology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Mark-Oliver Rödel
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Aquatiques, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité, Université de Kisangani, Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo
| | | | - Ninda L Baptista
- CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,Faculdade de Ciências da, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto Superior de Ciências da Educação da Huíla (ISCED-Huíla), Rua Sarmento Rodrigues, Lubango, Angola
| | - Jeannot B Akuboy
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Terrestres, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité, Université de Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo, Kisangani
| | - Raffael Ernst
- Museum of Zoology, Senckenberg Natural History Collections Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Marcel T Kouete
- Department of Natural History, Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA.,School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d'Herpétologie, Département de Biologie, Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles, République Démocratique du Congo, Lwiro
| | - Franck M Masudi
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des Ressources Terrestres, Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité, Université de Kisangani, République Démocratique du Congo, Kisangani
| | - Patrick J McLaughlin
- Bioko Biodiversity Protection Project, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Institute of Conservation Science and Learning, Bristol Zoological Society, Bristol, UK
| | - Lotanna M Nneji
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, New Jersey, USA
| | - Abiodun B Onadeko
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Johannes Penner
- Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science, Museum für Naturkunde, Berlin, Germany.,Chair of Wildlife Ecology and Wildlife Management, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pedro Vaz Pinto
- CIBIO/InBio - Centro de Investigação em Biodiversidade e Recursos Genéticos, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Vairão, Portugal.,Fundação Kissama, Luanda, Angola
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, North Carolina, USA
| | - Elie Tobi
- Gabon Biodiversity Program, Smithsonian Conservation Biology Institute, Gamba, Gabon
| | | | - Adam D Leaché
- Department of Biology & Burke Museum of Natural History and Culture, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Matthew K Fujita
- Amphibian and Reptile Diversity Research Center, Department of Biology, University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, Texas, USA
| | - Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA.,Herpetology Department, Institute for Biodiversity Science and Sustainability, California Academy of Sciences, San Francisco, California, USA
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12
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Patel NG, Garg S, Das A, Stuart BL, Biju S. Phylogenetic position of the poorly known montane cascade frog Amolops monticola (Ranidae) and description of a new closely related species from Northeast India. J NAT HIST 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2021.1946185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naitik G. Patel
- Department of Endangered Species Management, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - Sonali Garg
- Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Abhijit Das
- Department of Endangered Species Management, Wildlife Institute of India, Dehradun, India
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - S.D. Biju
- Systematics Lab, Department of Environmental Studies, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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13
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Stuart BL, Howells L, Pattinson RL, Chalmers JR, Grindlay D, Rogers NK, Grinich E, Pawlitschek T, Simpson EL, Thomas KS. Measurement properties of patient-reported outcome measures for eczema control: a systematic review. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 2021; 35:1987-1993. [PMID: 33977561 DOI: 10.1111/jdv.17335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Atopic eczema (herein referred to as 'eczema') is a skin disease characterized by remitting and relapsing symptoms. The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative was developed to establish a core outcome set (COS) for eczema to be measured for all future eczema trials. The core outcome set for atopic eczema clinical trials includes the domain for patient-reported eczema control, but a review of the validation of available eczema control instruments was lacking. We aimed to review the literature and systematically assess the measurement properties of validated patient-reported outcome instruments that capture eczema control. PubMed and Ovid EMBASE were searched up to 24 January 2020 for any study that reported on PROM instrument development or validation. The COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement Instruments (COSMIN) criteria were used to assess the quality of eligible studies. We screened 12 036 titles and abstracts and 58 full texts. A total of 12 papers were included, reporting on seven PROMS. These were assessed with respect to development, reliability, construct validity and responsiveness. Two instruments, Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) and the Atopic Dermatitis Control Tool (ADCT), have been developed and validated to a sufficient standard to support their recommendation as patient-reported outcome instruments for measuring control of atopic eczema as part of the HOME Core Outcome Set.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Stuart
- Aldermoor Health Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - L Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - R L Pattinson
- College of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - D Grindlay
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - N K Rogers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Grinich
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Pawlitschek
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - E L Simpson
- Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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14
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Grismer LL, Wood, Jr. PL, Poyarkov NA, Le MD, Kraus F, Agarwal I, Oliver PM, Nguyen SN, Nguyen TQ, Karunarathna S, Welton LJ, Stuart BL, Luu VQ, Bauer AM, O’Connell KA, Quah ESH, Chan KO, Ziegler T, Ngo H, Nazarov RA, Aowphol A, Chomdej S, Suwannapoom C, Siler CD, Anuar S, Tri NV, Grismer JL. Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. VZ 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vz.71.e59307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus is the third most speciose vertebrate genus in the world, containing well over 300 species that collectively range from South Asia to Melanesia across some of the most diverse landscapes and imperiled habitats on the planet. A genus-wide phylogeny of the group has never been presented because researchers working on different groups were using different genetic markers to construct phylogenies that could not be integrated. We present here Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference mitochondrial and mito-nuclear phylogenies incorporating of 310 species that include dozens of species that had never been included in a genus-wide analysis. Based on the mitochondrial phylogeny, we partition Cyrtodactylus into 31 well-supported monophyletic species groups which, if used as recommended herein, will increase the information content of future integrative taxonomic analyses that continue to add new species to this genus at an ever-increasing annual rate. Data presented here reiterate the outcome of several previous studies indicating that Cyrtodactylus comprises an unprecedented number of narrow-range endemics restricted to single mountain tops, small islands, or karst formations that still remain unprotected. This phylogeny can provide a platform for various comparative ecological studies that can be integrated with conservation management programs across the broad diversity of landscapes and habitats occupied by this genus. Additionally, these data indicate that the true number of Cyrtodactylus remains substantially underrepresented.
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15
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Grismer LL, Wood, Jr. PL, Poyarkov NA, Le MD, Kraus F, Agarwal I, Oliver PM, Nguyen SN, Nguyen TQ, Karunarathna S, Welton LJ, Stuart BL, Luu VQ, Bauer AM, O’Connell KA, Quah ESH, Chan KO, Ziegler T, Ngo H, Nazarov RA, Aowphol A, Chomdej S, Suwannapoom C, Siler CD, Anuar S, Tri NV, Grismer JL. Phylogenetic partitioning of the third-largest vertebrate genus in the world, Cyrtodactylus Gray, 1827 (Reptilia; Squamata; Gekkonidae) and its relevance to taxonomy and conservation. VZ 2021. [DOI: 10.3897/vertebrate-zoology.71.e59307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The gekkonid genus Cyrtodactylus is the third most speciose vertebrate genus in the world, containing well over 300 species that collectively range from South Asia to Melanesia across some of the most diverse landscapes and imperiled habitats on the planet. A genus-wide phylogeny of the group has never been presented because researchers working on different groups were using different genetic markers to construct phylogenies that could not be integrated. We present here Maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference mitochondrial and mito-nuclear phylogenies incorporating of 310 species that include dozens of species that had never been included in a genus-wide analysis. Based on the mitochondrial phylogeny, we partition Cyrtodactylus into 31 well-supported monophyletic species groups which, if used as recommended herein, will increase the information content of future integrative taxonomic analyses that continue to add new species to this genus at an ever-increasing annual rate. Data presented here reiterate the outcome of several previous studies indicating that Cyrtodactylus comprises an unprecedented number of narrow-range endemics restricted to single mountain tops, small islands, or karst formations that still remain unprotected. This phylogeny can provide a platform for various comparative ecological studies that can be integrated with conservation management programs across the broad diversity of landscapes and habitats occupied by this genus. Additionally, these data indicate that the true number of Cyrtodactylus remains substantially underrepresented.
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Thomas KS, Apfelbacher CA, Chalmers JR, Simpson E, Spuls PI, Gerbens LAA, Williams HC, Schmitt J, Gabes M, Howells L, Stuart BL, Grinich E, Pawlitschek T, Burton T, Howie L, Gadkari A, Eckert L, Ebata T, Boers M, Saeki H, Nakahara T, Katoh N. Recommended core outcome instruments for health-related quality of life, long-term control and itch intensity in atopic eczema trials: results of the HOME VII consensus meeting. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:139-146. [PMID: 33393074 PMCID: PMC8359383 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative has established a core outcome set of domains for atopic eczema (AE) clinical trials. Previous consensus meetings have agreed on preferred instruments for clinician‐reported signs (Eczema Area and Severity Index, EASI) and patient‐reported symptoms (Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure, POEM). This paper reports consensus decisions from the HOME VII meeting. Objectives To complete the core outcome set for AE by agreeing on core outcome instruments for the domains of quality of life (QoL), long‐term control and itch intensity. Methods A face‐to‐face consensus meeting was held in Tokyo, Japan (8–10 April 2019) including 75 participants (49 healthcare professionals/methodologists, 14 patients, 12 industry representatives) from 16 countries. Consensus decisions were made by presentations of evidence, followed by whole and small group discussions and anonymous voting using predefined consensus rules. Results It was agreed by consensus that QoL should be measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for adults, the Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children and the Infant’s Dermatology Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) for infants. For long‐term control, the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) instrument or the Atopic Dermatitis Control Test (ADCT) should be used. Consensus was not reached over the frequency of data collection for long‐term control. The peak itch numerical rating scale (NRS)‐11 past 24 h was recommended as an additional instrument for the symptom domain in trials of older children and adults. Agreement was reached that all core outcome instruments should be captured at baseline and at the time of primary outcome assessment as a minimum. Conclusions For now, the core outcome set for clinical trials in AE is complete. The specified domains and instruments should be used in all new clinical trials and systematic reviews of eczema treatments.
What is already known about this topic?
Core outcomes sets improve the design and reporting of clinical trials, reduce selective outcome reporting bias and facilitate meta‐analysis of results in systematic reviews. The HOME core outcome set for eczema recommends the inclusion of four core domains in all atopic eczema trials: clinician‐reported signs, patient‐reported symptoms, health‐related quality of life (HrQoL) and long‐term control. Clinician‐reported signs should be captured using the Eczema Area and Severity Index (EASI) and patient‐reported symptoms using the Patient‐Oriented Eczema Measure (POEM).
What does this study add?
The HOME core outcome set is now complete and recommended core outcome instruments have been agreed on for all four domains. Core outcome instruments for HrQoL: Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for adults, Children’s Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children and Infant’s Dermatology Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) for infants. Core outcome instruments for long‐term control: either the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) or the Atopic Dermatitis Control Test (ADCT). In addition, itch intensity should be measured using the peak NRS‐11 past 24 h for trials including older children and adults.
What are the clinical implications of this work?
If all future trials of eczema treatments include the HOME core outcome instruments, then trial results will be more readily incorporated into meta‐analyses in systematic reviews and clinical care will be informed by the best available evidence.
Linked Comment: D.F. Murrell and C.F. Paul. Br J Dermatol 2021; 185:13–14.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - C A Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research (ISMHSR), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gabes
- Medical Sociology, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, School of Medicine, Nottingham, UK
| | - B L Stuart
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Grinich
- School of Medicine (Department of Dermatology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Pawlitschek
- School of Medicine (Department of Dermatology), Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, USA
| | - T Burton
- Patient representative (independent), Nottingham, UK
| | - L Howie
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Gadkari
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc., Ingelheim, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany
| | - L Eckert
- Global Dupixent Business Partner, sanofi GHEVA, 1 av. Pierre Brossolette, Chilly-Mazarin, 91380, France
| | - T Ebata
- Chitofuna Dermatology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Ziegler T, Pham CT, VAN Nguyen T, Nguyen TQ, Wang J, Wang YY, Stuart BL, Le MD. Erratum: THOMAS ZIEGLER, CUONG THE PHAM, TAN VAN NGUYEN, TRUONG QUANG NGUYEN, JIAN WANG, YING-YONG WANG, BRYAN L. STUART amp; MINH DUC LE (2019) A new species of Opisthotropis from northern Vietnam previously misidentified as the Yellow-spotted Mountain Stream Keelback O. maculosa Stuart amp; Chuaynkern, 2007 (Squamata: Natricidae). Zootaxa, 4613, 579-586. Zootaxa 2021; 4903:zootaxa.4903.4.8. [PMID: 33757081 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4903.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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18
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Stuart BL, Beamer DA, Farrington HL, Beane JC, Chek DL, Pusser LT, Som HE, Stephan DL, Sever DM, Braswell AL. A New Two-Lined Salamander (Eurycea bislineata Complex) from the Sandhills of North Carolina. HERPETOLOGICA 2020. [DOI: 10.1655/0018-0831-76.4.423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L. Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Section of Research & Collections, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - David A. Beamer
- Nash Community College, Department of Natural Sciences, 522 North Old Carriage Road, Rocky Mount, NC 27804, USA
| | - Heather L. Farrington
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Section of Research & Collections, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Jeffrey C. Beane
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Section of Research & Collections, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Danielle L. Chek
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Section of Research & Collections, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | | | - Hannah E. Som
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Section of Research & Collections, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - David L. Stephan
- North Carolina State University, Department of Entomology & Plant Pathology, Campus Box 7613, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - David M. Sever
- Southeastern Louisiana University, Biology Department, 151 Biology Building, Hammond, LA 70402, USA
| | - Alvin L. Braswell
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Section of Research & Collections, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
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19
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Thomas KS, Apfelbacher CA, Chalmers JR, Simpson E, Spuls PI, Gerbens LAA, Williams HC, Schmitt J, Gabes M, Howells L, Stuart BL, Grinich E, Pawlitschek T, Burton T, Howie L, Gadkari A, Eckert L, Ebata T, Boers M, Saeki H, Nakahara T, Katoh N. Recommended core outcome instruments for health-related quality of life, long-term control and itch intensity in atopic eczema trials: results of the HOME VII consensus meeting. Br J Dermatol 2020:bjd.19673. [PMID: 33179283 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.19673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Harmonising Outcome Measures for Eczema (HOME) initiative has established a core outcome set of domains for atopic eczema clinical trials. Previous consensus meetings have agreed upon preferred instruments for clinician-reported signs (Eczema Area and Severity Index - EASI) and patient-reported symptoms (Patient-Oriented Eczema Measure - POEM). This paper reports consensus decisions from the HOME VII meeting. OBJECTIVE To complete the core outcome set for atopic eczema by agreeing upon core outcome instruments for the domains of quality of life, long-term control and itch intensity. METHODS Face-to-face consensus meeting held in Tokyo, Japan (8th to 10th April, 2019) including 74 participants (47 healthcare professionals/methodologists, 14 patients, 13 industry representatives), from 16 countries. Consensus decisions were made by presentations of evidence, followed by whole and small group discussions and anonymous voting using pre-defined consensus rules. RESULTS It was agreed by consensus that quality of life should be measured using the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI) for adults, the Children's Dermatology Life Quality Index (CDLQI) for children, and the Infant's Dermatology Quality of Life Index (IDQoL) for infants. For long-term control, the Recap of Atopic Eczema (RECAP) instrument or the Atopic Dermatitis Control Test (ADCT) should be used. Consensus was not reached over the frequency of data collection for long-term control. The peak itch numerical rating scale(NRS)-11 past 24 hours was recommended as an additional instrument for the symptom domain in trials of older children and adults. Agreement was reached that all core outcome instruments should be captured at baseline and at the time of primary outcome assessment as a minimum. CONCLUSIONS For now, the core outcome set for clinical trials in atopic eczema is complete. The specified domains and instruments should be used in all new clinical trials and systematic reviews of eczema treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Thomas
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - C A Apfelbacher
- Institute of Social Medicine and Health Systems Research (ISMHSR), Otto von Guericke University Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - J R Chalmers
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - E Simpson
- Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - P I Spuls
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - L A A Gerbens
- Department of Dermatology, Amsterdam Public Health, Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H C Williams
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - J Schmitt
- Center for Evidence-based Healthcare, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Gabes
- Medical Sociology, Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - L Howells
- Centre of Evidence Based Dermatology, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - B L Stuart
- Primary Care, Population Sciences and Medical Education, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - E Grinich
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - T Pawlitschek
- School of Medicine, Department of Dermatology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - T Burton
- Patient Representative (independent), Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - L Howie
- Global Parents for Eczema Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - A Gadkari
- Health Economics and Outcomes Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Inc, Germany
| | - L Eckert
- Global Dupixent Business Partner, sanofi GHEVA, 1 av. Pierre Brossolette, 91 380, Chilly Mazatin, France
| | - T Ebata
- Chitofuna Dermatology Clinic, Tokyo, Japan
| | - M Boers
- Department of Epidemiology and data Science; Amsterdam Rheumatology and Immunology Center, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - H Saeki
- Department of Dermatology, Nippon Medical School, 1-1-5 Sendagi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Nakahara
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - N Katoh
- Department of Dermatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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20
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Burke H, Freeman A, Cellura DC, Stuart BL, Brendish NJ, Poole S, Borca F, Phan HTT, Sheard N, Williams S, Spalluto CM, Staples KJ, Clark TW, Wilkinson TMA. Inflammatory phenotyping predicts clinical outcome in COVID-19. Respir Res 2020; 21:245. [PMID: 32962703 PMCID: PMC7506817 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01511-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic has led to more than 760,000 deaths worldwide (correct as of 16th August 2020). Studies suggest a hyperinflammatory response is a major cause of disease severity and death. Identitfying COVID-19 patients with hyperinflammation may identify subgroups who could benefit from targeted immunomodulatory treatments. Analysis of cytokine levels at the point of diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection can identify patients at risk of deterioration. Methods We used a multiplex cytokine assay to measure serum IL-6, IL-8, TNF, IL-1β, GM-CSF, IL-10, IL-33 and IFN-γ in 100 hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 at admission to University Hospital Southampton (UK). Demographic, clinical and outcome data were collected for analysis. Results Age > 70 years was the strongest predictor of death (OR 28, 95% CI 5.94, 139.45). IL-6, IL-8, TNF, IL-1β and IL-33 were significantly associated with adverse outcome. Clinical parameters were predictive of poor outcome (AUROC 0.71), addition of a combined cytokine panel significantly improved the predictability (AUROC 0.85). In those ≤70 years, IL-33 and TNF were predictive of poor outcome (AUROC 0.83 and 0.84), addition of a combined cytokine panel demonstrated greater predictability of poor outcome than clinical parameters alone (AUROC 0.92 vs 0.77). Conclusions A combined cytokine panel improves the accuracy of the predictive value for adverse outcome beyond standard clinical data alone. Identification of specific cytokines may help to stratify patients towards trials of specific immunomodulatory treatments to improve outcomes in COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Burke
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - A Freeman
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - D C Cellura
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - B L Stuart
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N J Brendish
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - S Poole
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - F Borca
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Clinical Informatics Research Unit Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H T T Phan
- Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Clinical Informatics Research Unit Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - N Sheard
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - S Williams
- University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C M Spalluto
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - K J Staples
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Wessex Investigational Sciences Hub, University Of Southampton, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - T W Clark
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Clinical Trials Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,NIHR Post-Doctoral Fellowship Programme, Southampton, UK
| | - T M A Wilkinson
- School of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton General Hospital, LF13A, South Academic Block, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK.,University Hospitals Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
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21
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Abstract
The species-rich, megophryid frog genus Leptobrachella Smith, 1925 is distributed throughout the uplands of mainland Southeast Asia but is conspicuously absent from the Cardamom Mountains of southwestern Cambodia, where it has been known only by a single, undetermined metamorphic specimen collected nearly two decades ago. We report two adult female specimens of Leptobrachella collected a decade later at a second locality in the Cardamom Mountains and use mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, and morphology to show that it represents a distinct species. Leptobrachella neangi sp. nov., named after its collector, is most closely related in mitochondrial and nuclear DNA to L. fuliginosa (Matsui, 2006) and L. melanoleuca (Matsui, 2006) from western Thailand, but has uncorrected pairwise distances of 8.69-10.99% in a mitochondrial 16S gene fragment from its two sister species. The new species is also readily distinguished from these and other congeners by having the combination of (1) SVL 35.4-36.3 mm in two adult females, (2) distinct dorsolateral glandular line absent, (2) belly transparent, immaculate purplish gray in life, creamy white in preservative, (3) dark inguinal blotch absent, (4) tympanum with black coloration extending from line under supratympanic fold, (5) dorsal skin with small, irregular bumps and ridges, and (6) iris coppery orange around pupil, fading to gold at periphery, not distinctly bicolored. The new species is the first named Leptobrachella from the Cardamom Mountains and the third from Cambodia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, USA..
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Grismer LL, Onn CK, Oaks JR, Neang T, Sokun L, Murdoch ML, Stuart BL, Grismer JL. A new insular species of the Cyrtodactylus intermedius (Squamata: Gekkonidae) group from Cambodia with a discussion of habitat preference and ecomorphology. Zootaxa 2020; 4830:zootaxa.4830.1.3. [PMID: 33056252 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4830.1.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An integrative taxonomic analysis based on mitochondrial and morphological data recovered the population of Cyrtodactylus on Koh Rong Island, Preah Sihanouk Province, Cambodiaa as an endemic insular species belonging to the Cyrtodactylus intermedius group. This brings the number of species in the C. intermedius group to at least 10 and the number of species in Cambodia to at least seven. Species of this relatively small group vary widely in habitat preference, occurring in general, terrestrial, karstic, or granitic habitats. Ancestral character state mapping recovered a general habitat preference as the ancestral condition from which all others independently evolved even though this did not covary with morphology. The description of another new species of reptile from Cambodia continues to underscore the potentially significant amount of unrealized biodiversity in Indochina and Southeast Asia and the continued need for field surveys in unexplored or poorly explored areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratories, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515, USA..
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Ampai N, Jr PLW, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. Integrative taxonomy of the rock-dwelling gecko Cnemaspis siamensis complex (Squamata, Gekkonidae) reveals a new species from Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. Zookeys 2020; 932:129-159. [PMID: 32476977 PMCID: PMC7237529 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.932.50602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The rock-dwelling gecko genus Cnemaspis is one of the most species-diverse genera of gekkonid in Thailand. Earlier studies relied on morphological data to identify species, but cryptic morphology often obscured species diversity in Cnemaspis. In this study, an integrative taxonomic approach based on morphological characters and sequences of the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene were used to clarify current taxonomy of the Cnemaspis siamensis complex and delimit a new species from Lan Saka District, Nakhon Si Thammarat Province, southern Thailand. Cnemaspis lineatubercularis sp. nov. is distinguished from other congeneric species by the combination of morphological characters: (1) maximum snout-vent length (SVL) of 40.6 mm (mean 38.8 ± SD 1.4, N = 12) in adult males and maximum SVL of 41.8 mm (mean 39.5 ± SD 1.9, N = 7) in adult females; (2) 8-9 supralabial and infralabial scales; (3) gular, pectoral, abdominal, and subcaudal scales keeled; (4) rostral, interorbitals, supercilium, palmar scales, and ventral scales of brachia smooth; (5) 5-6 small, subconical spine-like tubercles present on flanks; (6) 19-21 paravertebral tubercles linearly arranged; (7) 27-29 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe; (8) 4-7 pore-bearing precloacal scales, pores rounded arranged in chevron shape and separated only in males; (9) one postcloacal tubercles each side in males; (10) ventrolateral caudal tubercles present anteriorly; (11) caudal tubercles restricted to a single paravertebral row on each side; (12) single median row of subcaudal scales keeled and lacking enlarged median row; and (13) gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish only in males. Genetically, the uncorrected pairwise divergences between the new species and their congeners in the C. siamensis group were between 15.53-28.09%. The new species is currently known only from granitic rocky streams at Wang Mai Pak Waterfall in the Nakhon Si Thammarat mountain range. Its discovery suggests that additional unrecognized species of Cnemaspis may still occur in unexplored areas of southern Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Ampai
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand.,Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110 Thailand Srinakharinwirot University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Perry L Wood Jr
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA Auburn University Auburn United States of America
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Neang T, Henson A, Stuart BL. A new species of Cyrtodactylus (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Cambodia's Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary. Zookeys 2020; 926:133-158. [PMID: 32336923 PMCID: PMC7170969 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.926.48671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyrtodactylusphnomchiensissp. nov. is described from Phnom Chi, an isolated mountain in Prey Lang Wildlife Sanctuary, Kampong Thom Province, Cambodia. The new species is recognized by having a unique combination of morphological characters, including snout-vent length 76.1–80.7 mm; paravertebral tubercles 31–36; ventral scales 45–54; enlarged femoral scales 0–8, without pores; enlarged precloacal scales 7–10, bearing pores 4–5 in males, pits 1–7 in females; the posterior border of nuchal loop unbroken and pointed, bordered anteriorly and posteriorly by a broad yellow or yellowish white band; and yellow spots on top of head. The new species also represents a divergent mitochondrial DNA lineage within the C.irregularis complex that is closely related to C.ziegleri, but the phylogenetic relationships among the new species and two divergent mitochondrial subclades within C.ziegleri are not resolved based on available sequence data. Cyrtodactylusphnomchiensissp. nov. is the only member of the C.irregularis complex known to occur west of the Mekong River. The new species may be endemic to Phnom Chi, and likely faces imminent conservation threats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thy Neang
- Wild Earth Allies, 77a Street Beton, Bayap Village, Sangkat Phnom Penh Thmei, Khan Sen Sok, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Wild Earth Allies Phnom Penh Cambodia
| | - Adam Henson
- Wild Earth Allies, 2 Wisconsin Circle, Suite 900, Chevy Chase, Maryland 20815, USA Wild Earth Allies Chevy Chase United States of America
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
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Stuart BL, Som HE, Neang T, Hoang HD, Le DTT, Dau VQ, Potter K, Rowley JJL. Integrative taxonomic analysis reveals a new species of Leptobrachium (Anura: Megophryidae) from north-eastern Cambodia and central Vietnam. J NAT HIST 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2020.1756498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bryan L. Stuart
- Section of Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Hannah E. Som
- Section of Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Thy Neang
- Wild Earth Allies, Phnom Penh, Cambodia
| | - Huy Duc Hoang
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Duong Thi Thuy Le
- Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Science, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Vinh Quang Dau
- Faculty of Natural Sciences, Hong Duc University, Thanh Hoa City, Vietnam
| | - Kathy Potter
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jodi J. L. Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, Sydney, Australia
- Centre for Ecosystem Science, School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Parham JF, Papenfuss TJ, Sellas AB, Stuart BL, Simison WB. Genetic variation and admixture of red-eared sliders (Trachemys scripta elegans) in the USA. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2019; 145:106722. [PMID: 31874235 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The most ubiquitous, abundant, and invasive turtle on Earth, Trachemys scripta elegans (TSE, "red-eared slider"), is one of four taxa in a clade that is native to the USA and adjacent Mexico (three subspecies of Trachemys scripta plus Trachemys gaigeae). The present range-wide study of this clade is based on 173 known-locality mtDNA sequences combined with ddRAD libraries for 43 samples emphasizing the western part of the range of TSE, its contact with that of T. gaigeae, and anthropogenic hybrids between TSE and T. s. scripta. The data presented here are the first to sample the TSE × T. s. scripta intergrade zone or TSE × T. s. scripta crosses from introduced turtles. In the western part of its range (New Mexico and Texas), most samples of TSE from the Pecos River have mtDNA haplotypes matching T. gaigeae. Structure analysis of SNPs from the ddRAD show evidence of genetic admixture between T. gaigeae and TSE in all included samples from the Rio Grande and Pecos River. These populations also exhibit T. gaigeae-like head stripes, i.e., a postorbital marking that does not reach the eye. The genetic and morphological data are thereby reconciled, as both suggest that these TSE are intergrades. We recommend that these populations continue to be considered TSE, despite the admixture with T. gaigeae. In the Eastern United States, some samples of the morphologically intermediate subspecies T. s. troostii are not genetically distinct from TSE and some samples share morphological characters and genetic affinities with T. s. scripta. Based on these observations we conclude that the taxon T. s. troostii represents intergrades between TSE and T. s. scripta and should not be considered a valid taxon. Near the already established part of the intergrade zone between TSE and T. s. scripta, TSE mtDNA haplotypes have naturally introgressed into typical-looking samples of T. s. scripta in Georgia. Hybrids between introduced TSE and T. s. scripta are also confirmed deeper within the natural range of T. s. scripta in South Carolina and Virginia. Given the examples of feral hybrids deep within its range shown here and elsewhere, the threat of genetic pollution of T. s. scripta by feral TSE is established.
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Affiliation(s)
- James F Parham
- Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA; Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA.
| | - Theodore J Papenfuss
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3101 Valley Life Sciences Building, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3160, USA
| | - Anna B Sellas
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA; Sana Biotechnology, 1 Tower Place, STE 500, South San Francisco, CA 94080, USA
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - W Brian Simison
- Center for Comparative Genomics, California Academy of Sciences, 55 Music Concourse Drive, San Francisco, CA 94118, USA
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Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. Corrigenda: Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs ( Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. ZooKeys 883: 119-153. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.883.37544. Zookeys 2019; 897:149-150. [PMID: 31857791 PMCID: PMC6914706 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.897.48818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 11/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Yodthong
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Yodthong S, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. Species delimitation of crab-eating frogs ( Fejervarya cancrivora complex) clarifies taxonomy and geographic distributions in mainland Southeast Asia. Zookeys 2019; 883:119-153. [PMID: 31719776 PMCID: PMC6828825 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.883.37544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The taxonomy and geographic distributions of species of crab-eating frogs (Fejervaryacancrivora complex) in mainland Southeast Asia have been highly uncertain. Three taxonomic names are used in recent literature (F.cancrivora, F.raja, and F.moodiei) but the applications of these names to localities has been inconsistent, especially owing to the lack of available molecular data for F.raja. Morphometric and mitochondrial DNA variation was examined in these frogs, including name-bearing types and topotypes of all three species. Findings corroborate evidence for the existence of two species in coastal mainland Southeast Asia, with F.moodiei having a wide geographic distribution and F.cancrivora sensu stricto occurring only in extreme southern Thailand and peninsular Malaysia. Fejervaryaraja is shown to be only a large-bodied population of F.cancrivora sensu stricto and is synonymized with that species. Revised descriptions of F.moodiei and F.cancrivora sensu stricto are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siriporn Yodthong
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Bell RC, McLaughlin PJ, Jongsma GFM, Blackburn DC, Stuart BL. Morphological and genetic variation of Leptopelis brevirostris encompasses the little-known treefrogs Leptopelis crystallinoron from Gabon and Leptopelis brevipes from Bioko Island, Equatorial Guinea. AFR J HERPETOL 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/21564574.2019.1681523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC, USA
| | | | - Gregory FM Jongsma
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - David C Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, USA
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
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Fong JJ, Stuart BL, Mccormack TEM, Parham JF. First Genetic Data of the Critically Endangered Vietnamese Pond Turtle (Mauremys annamensis) from Known-locality Specimens. Current Herpetology 2019. [DOI: 10.5358/hsj.38.140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- 2North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | | | - James F. Parham
- 4Department of Geological Sciences, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834, USA
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Seateun S, Karraker NE, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. Population demography of Oldham's leaf turtle ( Cyclemys oldhamii) in protected and disturbed habitats in Thailand. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7196. [PMID: 31304062 PMCID: PMC6611445 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Freshwater turtle populations are vulnerable to a range of human activities because of particular life history attributes, and anthropogenic impacts can cause shifts in demographic traits, including survival, density and population structure. Asian freshwater turtles have undergone dramatic population declines in recent decades principally because of collection for food, pet, and traditional medicine markets. Despite this, few studies have been conducted on the population demography of these turtles, thereby limiting our understanding of population trends and the development of conservation actions. Oldham's leaf turtle (Cyclemys oldhamii) is one of the most commonly traded turtles in Asian markets, but previous published studies have focused solely on systematics. Methods We conducted a mark-recapture study of C. oldhamii at three sites in northeastern Thailand-a protected stream, a degraded stream, and human-constructed ponds-and evaluated differences in survival, density, population structure, and sexual dimorphism among sites. Results We captured 77 turtles at the protected stream, 67 at the constructed ponds, and two in the degraded stream. Survival was 12% lower and density was 35% lower in the constructed ponds than in the protected stream. Size class structure was skewed toward smaller individuals at the constructed ponds, and both sites exhibited subadult-skewed age class structure. Sex ratios were not statistically different than 1:1 at either site and did not differ between sites. We did not document sexual dimorphism in either population. Discussion Explanations for lower survival, lower densities, and skewed size class structure at the constructed ponds include collection for consumption or Buddhist prayer release locally, collection for illegal export from Thailand, predation by domestic dogs associated with humans living nearby, or lower habitat quality. Evidence from our study suggests that collection, either for local use or export, is the most likely explanation for differences in demographic characteristics between the two sites. The information gained from this study may contribute to a status assessment for C. oldhamii and development of conservation actions should they become necessary to protect populations in Thailand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sengvilay Seateun
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nancy E Karraker
- Department of Natural Resources Science, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI, United States of America
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Grismer JL, Quah ESH, Thy N, Phimmachak S, Sivongxay N, Seateun S, Stuart BL, Siler CB, Mulcahy DG, Anamza T, Brown RM. Geographic structure of genetic variation in the Parachute Gecko Ptychozoon lionotum Annandale, 1905 across Indochina and Sundaland with descriptions of three new species. Zootaxa 2019; 4638:zootaxa.4638.2.1. [PMID: 31712473 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4638.2.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
An integrative taxonomic analysis of the Ptychozoon lionotum group across its range in Indochina and Sundaland recovers P. lionotum sensu lato Annandale, 1905 as paraphyletic with respect to P. popaense Grismer, Wood, Thura, Grismer, Brown, Stuart, 2018a and composed of four allopatric, genetically divergent, ND2 mitochondrial lineages. Multivariate and univariate analyses of continuous and discrete morphological and color pattern characters statistically and discretely diagnose each lineage from one another and together, with maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, provide the foundation for the recognition of each lineage as a new species-hypotheses corroborated with a Generalized Mixed Yule Coalescent species delimitation analysis. Ptychozoon cicakterbang sp. nov. ranges throughout Peninsular Malaysia to Pulau Natuna Besar, Indonesia; P. kabkaebin sp. nov. is endemic to northern and central Laos; and P. tokehos sp. nov. ranges from southern Thailand south of the Isthmus of Kra northward to Chiang Mai, fringing the Chao Phraya Basin and ranging southward through Cambodia to southern Vietnam. Ptychozoon lionotum sensu stricto ranges from northwestern Laos through southern Myanmar to eastern India. The phylogeographic structure within each species varies considerably with P. lionotum s.s. showing no genetic divergence across its 1,100 km range compared to P. cicakterbang sp. nov. showing upwards of 8.2% sequence divergence between syntopic individuals. Significant phylogeographic structure exists within P. tokehos sp. nov. and increased sampling throughout Thailand may require additional taxonomic changes within this species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515, USA..
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Ampai N, Rujirawan A, Wood PL, Stuart BL, Anchalee Aowphol. Morphological and molecular analyses reveal two new insular species of Cnemaspis Strauch, 1887 (Squamata, Gekkonidae) from Satun Province, southern Thailand. Zookeys 2019; 858:127-161. [PMID: 31312094 PMCID: PMC6614150 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.858.34297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe two new insular gecko species of the genus Cnemaspis from Tarutao, Adang, and Rawi islands in Satun Province, southern Thailand. The new species are distinguished from their congeners in having a unique combination of morphological, scalation, and color pattern characters, and by genetic divergence in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) gene. Cnemaspistarutaoensis sp. nov. was found to be a member of the C.kumpoli group, but is distinguished from all other species in that group by having 8-9 supralabials and 8 infralabials; 4-5 pore-bearing precloacal scales, pores rounded; 17-19 paravertebral tubercles randomly arranged; 27-29 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe; subcaudal region yellowish, with smooth scales and a single enlarged median row; black gular markings in males and females; and 17.24-22.36% uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences. Cnemaspisadangrawi sp. nov. was found to be a member of the C.siamensis group, but is distinguished from all other species in that group by having 10 supralabials and 9 infralabials; 6-8 pore-bearing precloacal scales, pores rounded and arranged in a chevron shape; 23-25 randomly arranged, separated paravertebral tubercle rows; 26-28 subdigital lamellae under the fourth toe; subcaudal scales keeled, without enlarged median row; gular region, abdomen, limbs and subcaudal region yellowish in males only; gular marking absent in males and females; and 8.30-26.38 % uncorrected pairwise sequence divergences. Cnemaspistarutaoensis sp. nov. occurs in karst formations on Tarutao Island, while Cnemaspisadangrawi sp. nov. is found near granitic, rocky streams on Adang and Rawi islands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natee Ampai
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Perry L Wood
- Department of Biological Sciences and Museum of Natural History, Auburn University, Auburn, AL, USA Auburn University Auburn United States of America
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- Section of Research and Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, 10900 Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
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Ziegler T, Pham CT, VAN Nguyen T, Nguyen TQ, Wang J, Wang YY, Stuart BL, LE MD. A new species of Opisthotropis from northern Vietnam previously misidentified as the Yellow-spotted Mountain Stream Keelback O. maculosa Stuart amp; Chuaynkern, 2007 (Squamata: Natricidae). Zootaxa 2019; 4613:zootaxa.4613.3.9. [PMID: 31716405 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4613.3.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The Yellow-spotted Mountain Stream Keelback Opisthotropis maculosa was originally described based on a single male specimen from northeastern Thailand. Recently, based on morphological data, new records of this species were published initially from southern China and subsequently from northern Vietnam. In this study, we provide the first molecular comparisons between the holotype and other populations in China and Vietnam using the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene and use an integrative taxonomic approach to show that the population from Vietnam represents a distinct taxon. Opisthotropis haihaensis sp. nov. is characterized by a combination of the following characters: internasal not in contact with loreal; prefrontal not touching supraocular; frontal touching preocular; one preocular; one postocular; one anterior temporal; one posterior temporal; eight supralabials, fourth and fifth in contact with eye; 24 maxillary teeth; anterior pair of chin shields longer than posterior pair; 169 ventrals + 2 preventrals); 79 subcaudals, paired; 15 dorsal scale rows at neck, at midbody and before vent; body and tail scales smooth; chin shields yellow with brownish black mottling; body and tail dorsum dark with each a light spot per scale. Phylogenetically, the new species is supported as the sister taxon to "O. maculosa" from China (but separated by approximately 10% uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence) and is distantly related to O. maculosa sensu stricto from Thailand, warranting a taxonomic revision of the maculosa-like species. According to our results, O. maculosa should be delisted from the herpetofauna of Vietnam, which currently consists of nine Opisthotropis species. Five species, O. cucae, O. daovantieni, O. haihaensis, O. tamdaoensis, and O. voquyi, are endemic to the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Ziegler
- AG Zoologischer Garten Köln, Riehler Strasse 173, D-50735 Cologne, Germany. Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Cau Giay, Hanoi, Vietnam..
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Phimmachak S, Richards SJ, Sivongxay N, Seateun S, Chuaynkern Y, Makchai S, Som HE, Stuart BL. A new caruncle-bearing fanged frog ( Limnonectes, Dicroglossidae) from Laos and Thailand. Zookeys 2019; 846:133-156. [PMID: 31148931 PMCID: PMC6533239 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.846.33200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of the dicroglossid frog genus Limnonectes is described from recent and historical museum specimens collected in central and southern Laos and northeastern Thailand. Limnonectessavansp. nov. has males that bear a caruncle on top of the head, and most closely resembles L.dabanus from adjacent southern Vietnam and eastern Cambodia. However, the new species is readily distinguished from L.dabanus, and all other caruncle-bearing species of Limnonectes in mainland Southeast Asia, by its adult and larval morphology, mitochondrial DNA, and advertisement call. Its description brings the total number of caruncle-bearing species of Limnonectes to six.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somphouthone Phimmachak
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos National University of Laos Vientiane Laos
| | - Stephen J Richards
- South Australia Museum, Herpetology Department, Adelaide, South Australia 5000, Australia South Australia Museum Adelaide Australia
| | - Niane Sivongxay
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos National University of Laos Vientiane Laos
| | - Sengvilay Seateun
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos National University of Laos Vientiane Laos.,Kasetsart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand Kasetsart University Bangkok Thailand
| | - Yodchaiy Chuaynkern
- Khon Kaen University, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Khon Kaen, 40002, Thailand Khon Kaen University Khon Kaen Thailand
| | - Sunchai Makchai
- Natural History Museum, National Science Museum, Thailand, Technopolis, Khlong 5, Khlong Luang, Pathum Thani 12120 Thailand Natural History Museum Pathum Thani Thailand
| | - Hannah E Som
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, North Carolina 27601, USA North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences Raleigh United States of America
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Eliades SJ, Phimmachak S, Sivongxay N, Siler CD, Stuart BL. Two new species of Hemiphyllodactylus (Reptilia: Gekkonidae) from Laos. Zootaxa 2019; 4577:zootaxa.4577.1.8. [PMID: 31715740 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4577.1.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Two new species of the gekkonid lizard genus Hemiphyllodactylus are described based on specimens collected from Champasak Province in southern Laos and Houaphanh Province in northern Laos. Phylogenetic analyses recover H. indosobrinus sp. nov. from Champasak Province as the sister lineage to the Thai endemic H. flaviventris. Hemiphyllodactylus indosobrinus sp. nov. can be diagnosed by having 15 supralabial scales, eight chin scales, 4‑5‑5‑4 subdigital lamellae on Fingers II-V, 4‑5‑5‑5 subdigital lamellae on Toes II-V, and 18 continuous precloacofemoral pores. Phylogenetic analyses recover H. serpispecus sp. nov. from Houaphanh Province to be most closely related to the Vietnamese endemic H. banaensis. Hemiphyllodactylus serpispecus sp. nov. differs from congeners by having seven chin scales; 3‑4‑4‑4 subdigital lamellae on Fingers II-V; 3‑4‑4‑5 subdigital lamellae on Toes II-V; and 11 continuous precloacofemoral pores. The recognition of these two new species doubles the number of Hemiphyllodactylus known from Laos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Eliades
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 W. Jones St., Raleigh NC 27601, USA. Current Address: Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, 2401 Chautauqua Ave., Norman OK 73072-7029, USA..
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Grismer LL, Wood PLJ, Thura MK, Grismer MS, Brown RM, Stuart BL. Geographically structured genetic variation in Ptychozoon lionotum (Squamata: Gekkonidae) and a new species from an isolated volcano in Myanmar. Zootaxa 2018; 4514:202-214. [PMID: 30486214 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4514.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A molecular phylogenetic analysis of Parachute Geckos (Genus Ptychozoon Kuhl van Hasselt, 1822) based on the mitochondrial gene ND2 indicates that a newly discovered population from the Mt. Popa volcano-a habitat island in the northern portion of the Bago Yoma mountains, Myanmar-is a new species, P. popaense sp. nov. This species is part of a clade that contains P. bannanense Wang, Wang, Liu, 2016 and P. lionotum Annandale, 1905 of Indochina. Ptychozoon popaense sp. nov. is morphologically most similar to its sister species P. lionotum which manifests considerable geographic substructuring of genetic variation but differs from the nominate taxon by an uncorrected pairwise sequence divergence of 16.0-17.1% and by discrete differences in morphology and color pattern. This discovery highlights the unique, insular nature of the Bago Yoma mountains of the Ayeyarwady Basin, which support other endemic gekkonids. It also underscores the growing diversity in this highly derived clade of cryptic, parachuting, geckos characterized by highly divergent genetic lineages, which may indicate the presence of additional, unrecognized species.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Lee Grismer
- Herpetology Laboratory, Department of Biology, La Sierra University, 4500 Riverwalk Parkway, Riverside, California 92515, USA..
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Rujirawan A, Stuart BL, Aowphol A. Expanded description of Odorrana livida (Blyth, 1856) with notes on its natural history in Thailand. J NAT HIST 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/00222933.2018.1481236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- Section of Research & Collections, North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
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Archis JN, Akcali C, Stuart BL, Kikuchi D, Chunco AJ. Is the future already here? The impact of climate change on the distribution of the eastern coral snake ( Micrurus fulvius). PeerJ 2018; 6:e4647. [PMID: 29736330 PMCID: PMC5935076 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Anthropogenic climate change is a significant global driver of species distribution change. Although many species have undergone range expansion at their poleward limits, data on several taxonomic groups are still lacking. A common method for studying range shifts is using species distribution models to evaluate current, and predict future, distributions. Notably, many sources of ‘current’ climate data used in species distribution modeling use the years 1950–2000 to calculate climatic averages. However, this does not account for recent (post 2000) climate change. This study examines the influence of climate change on the eastern coral snake (Micrurus fulvius). Specifically, we: (1) identified the current range and suitable environment of M. fulvius in the Southeastern United States, (2) investigated the potential impacts of climate change on the distribution of M. fulvius, and (3) evaluated the utility of future models in predicting recent (2001–2015) records. We used the species distribution modeling program Maxent and compared both current (1950–2000) and future (2050) climate conditions. Future climate models showed a shift in the distribution of suitable habitat across a significant portion of the range; however, results also suggest that much of the Southeastern United States will be outside the range of current conditions, suggesting that there may be no-analog environments in the future. Most strikingly, future models were more effective than the current models at predicting recent records, suggesting that range shifts may already be occurring. These results have implications for both M. fulvius and its Batesian mimics. More broadly, we recommend future Maxent studies consider using future climate data along with current data to better estimate the current distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer N Archis
- Department of Environmental Studies, Elon Univeristy, Elon, NC, United States of America
| | - Christopher Akcali
- Biology Department, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, United States of America
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC, United States of America
| | - David Kikuchi
- Center for Insect Science, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States of America
| | - Amanda J Chunco
- Department of Environmental Studies, Elon Univeristy, Elon, NC, United States of America
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Phimmachak S, Sivongxay N, Seateun S, Yodthong S, Rujirawan A, Neang T, Aowphol A, Stuart BL. A new Limnonectes (Anura: Dicroglossidae) from southern Laos. Zootaxa 2018; 4375:325-340. [PMID: 29690074 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4375.3.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of "fanged frog" in the genus Limnonectes resembling L. kohchangae (Smith, 1922) from southeastern Thailand and southwestern Cambodia is described from upper elevations of the Bolaven Plateau, southern Laos. However, the new species, L. coffeatus sp. nov., is not resolved to be the closest relative of L. kohchangae, and is further distinguished from this taxon by differences in skin texture and coloration. The new species is potentially threatened from extensive conversion of forest into coffee plantations on the Bolaven Plateau.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somphouthone Phimmachak
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos.
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41
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Bell RC, Parra JL, Badjedjea G, Barej MF, Blackburn DC, Burger M, Channing A, Dehling JM, Greenbaum E, Gvoždík V, Kielgast J, Kusamba C, Lötters S, McLaughlin PJ, Nagy ZT, Rödel M, Portik DM, Stuart BL, VanDerWal J, Zassi‐Boulou AG, Zamudio KR. Idiosyncratic responses to climate‐driven forest fragmentation and marine incursions in reed frogs from Central Africa and the Gulf of Guinea Islands. Mol Ecol 2017; 26:5223-5244. [DOI: 10.1111/mec.14260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rayna C. Bell
- Department of Vertebrate Zoology National Museum of Natural History Smithsonian Institution Washington DC USA
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
| | - Juan L. Parra
- Grupo de Ecología y Evolución de Vertebrados Instituto de Biología Universidad de Antioquia Medellín Colombia
| | - Gabriel Badjedjea
- Département d'Ecologie et Biodiversité des ressources Aquatiques Centre de Surveillance de la Biodiversité Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | - Michael F. Barej
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - David C. Blackburn
- Florida Museum of Natural History University of Florida Gainesville FL USA
- Department of Herpetology California Academy of Sciences San Francisco CA USA
| | - Marius Burger
- African Amphibian Conservation Research Group Unit for Environmental Sciences and Management North‐West University Potchefstroom South Africa
- Flora Fauna & Man, Ecological Services Ltd. Tortola British Virgin Islands
| | - Alan Channing
- Biodiversity and Conservation Biology Department University of the Western Cape Bellville South Africa
| | - Jonas Maximilian Dehling
- Abteilung Biologie Institut für Integrierte Naturwissenschaften Universität Koblenz‐Landau Koblenz Germany
| | - Eli Greenbaum
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Texas at El Paso El Paso TX USA
| | - Václav Gvoždík
- Institute of Vertebrate Biology Czech Academy of Sciences Brno Czech Republic
- Department of Zoology National Museum Prague Czech Republic
| | - Jos Kielgast
- Section of Freshwater Biology Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
- Center for Macroecology, Evolution and Climate Natural History Museum of Denmark Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Chifundera Kusamba
- Laboratoire d'Herpétologie Département de Biologie Centre de Recherche en Sciences Naturelles Lwiro Democratic Republic of the Congo
| | | | | | - Zoltán T. Nagy
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
- Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences Brussels Belgium
| | - Mark‐Oliver Rödel
- Museum für Naturkunde ‐ Leibniz Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity Science Berlin Germany
| | - Daniel M. Portik
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology University of California, Berkeley CA USA
- Department of Biology University of Texas Arlington TX USA
| | | | - Jeremy VanDerWal
- Centre for Tropical Biodiveristy & Climate Change College of Science and Engineering James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
- Division of Research and Innovation eResearch Centre James Cook University Townsville Qld Australia
| | | | - Kelly R. Zamudio
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Cornell University Ithaca NY USA
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Rufai SR, Almuhtaseb H, Paul RM, Stuart BL, Kendrick T, Lee H, Lotery AJ. A systematic review to assess the 'treat-and-extend' dosing regimen for neovascular age-related macular degeneration using ranibizumab. Eye (Lond) 2017; 31:1337-1344. [PMID: 28475181 DOI: 10.1038/eye.2017.67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of irreversible blindness in the developed world. Monthly or as-needed (PRN) dosing strategies of intravitreal ranibizumab have been established as efficacious treatment options for neovascular AMD. More recently, the 'treat-and-extend' dosing regimen (TREX) is being adopted in clinical practice as it represents a patient-centric and economical option, reducing treatment burden by extending injection intervals when possible. However, the efficacy of TREX using ranibizumab monotherapy remains to be defined. Therefore, we performed a systematic review to assess the current evidence for TREX using ranibizumab by searching MEDLINE, Embase and PubMed. Of the 1733 articles identified, nine TREX studies were included in our analysis (n=748 eyes). Average patient age was 79.25 (range: 77.34-82.00; SD: 7.27). Baseline BCVA ranged from 48.5-68.9 ETDRS letters. BCVA improvement was 8.92 letters at 1 year (range: 6.5-11.5; SD: 7.54), as a weighted mean accounting for numbers of study eyes. The weighted mean number of injections at one year was 8.60 (range: 7.3-12.0; SD: 1.73). Previously, the landmark ANCHOR and MARINA trials reported gains of 11.3 and 7.2 letters, respectively, using monthly ranibizumab. Chin-Yee et al reported a gain of 3.5 ETDRS letters with 5.3 (S.D. 0.66) PRN ranibizumab injections as weighted means at 1 year in their recent systematic review. Our analysis suggests that TREX delivers visual outcomes superior to PRN and approaches similar efficacy to monthly injections. Further RCTs are needed to fully evaluate the efficacy and economy of TREX in the long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Rufai
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Almuhtaseb
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - R M Paul
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - B L Stuart
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - T Kendrick
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Lee
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A J Lotery
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.,Southampton Eye Unit, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Chen JM, Zhou WW, Poyarkov NA, Stuart BL, Brown RM, Lathrop A, Wang YY, Yuan ZY, Jiang K, Hou M, Chen HM, Suwannapoom C, Nguyen SN, Duong TV, Papenfuss TJ, Murphy RW, Zhang YP, Che J. Corrigendum to “A novel multilocus phylogenetic estimation reveals unrecognized diversity in Asian horned toads, genus Megophrys sensu lato (Anura: Megophryidae)”. [Mol. Phylogen. Evol. 106 (2017) 28–43]. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2017; 109:466. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2016.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Lücking R, Stuart BL, Lumbsch HT. Phylogenetic relationships of Gomphillaceae and Asterothyriaceae: evidence from a combined Bayesian analysis of nuclear and mitochondrial sequences. Mycologia 2017; 96:283-94. [DOI: 10.1080/15572536.2005.11832978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Lücking
- Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
| | - Bryan L. Stuart
- Department of Zoology, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
| | - H. Thorsten Lumbsch
- Department of Botany, Field Museum of Natural History, 1400 S. Lake Shore Drive, Chicago, Illinois 60605-2496
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Abstract
The Asian common toad (Duttaphrynus melanostictus) is a human commensal species that occupies a wide variety of habitats across tropical Southeast Asia. We test the hypothesis that genetic variation in D. melanostictus is weakly associated with geography owing to natural and human-mediated dispersal facilitated by its commensal nature. Phylogenetic and population genetic analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequence variation, and predictive species distribution modelling, unexpectedly recovered three distinct evolutionary lineages that differ genetically and ecologically, corresponding to the Asian mainland, coastal Myanmar and the Sundaic islands. The persistence of these three divergent lineages, despite ample opportunities for recent human-mediated and geological dispersal, suggests that D. melanostictus actually consists of multiple species, each having narrower geographical ranges and ecological niches, and higher conservation value, than is currently recognized. These findings also have implications for the invasion potential of this human commensal elsewhere, such as in its recently introduced ranges on the islands of Borneo, Sulawesi, Seram and Madagascar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guinevere O U Wogan
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA
| | - Djoko T Iskandar
- School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Jimmy A McGuire
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
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Sivongxay N, Davankham M, Phimmachak S, Phoumixay K, Stuart BL. A new small-sized Theloderma (Anura: Rhacophoridae) from Laos. Zootaxa 2016; 4147:433-42. [PMID: 27515627 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4147.4.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
A new species of the rhacophorid frog genus Theloderma is described from the forested shoreline of the Nam Lik Reservoir, Vientiane Province, Laos. The new species differs from its congeners by having the combination of males with SVL 17.0-20.6; pearly asperities on dorsum; no vomerine teeth; disc diameter of finger III ca. 40% of tympanum diameter; uniformly gray venter; light brown dorsum with darker brown and black markings; and a uniformly bronze iris with small black reticulations. Molecular phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence data infers that the new species is most closely related to T. lateriticum from northern Vietnam. Evidence for the monophyly of Theloderma is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niane Sivongxay
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos; unknown
| | - Monekham Davankham
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos; unknown
| | - Somphouthone Phimmachak
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos Kasetsart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; unknown
| | - Keochay Phoumixay
- National University of Laos, Faculty of Natural Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos; unknown
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601, USA;
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Rowley JJL, Stuart BL, Neang T, Hoang HD, Dau VQ, Nguyen TT, Emmett DA. A new species of Leptolalax (Anura: Megophryidae) from Vietnam and Cambodia. Zootaxa 2015; 4039:401-17. [PMID: 26624626 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4039.3.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new, medium-sized Leptolalax species from the Kon Tum Plateau of Vietnam and adjacent Cambodia. Leptolalax isos sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by a combination of an absence of distinct dark brown/black dorsolateral markings; toes with rudimentary webbing, wide lateral dermal fringes in males and weak or absent lateral dermal fringes in females; most males with wide lateral dermal fringes on Finger II, a body size of 23.7-27.9 mm in 38 adult males and 28.6-31.5 mm in 9 adult females, near immaculate white chest and belly; absence of white speckling on the dorsum; and a call consisting of 2-3 notes with a dominant frequency of 5.9-6.2 kHz (at 22.4-22.8º C). Uncorrected sequence divergences between L. isos sp. nov. and all homologous 16S rRNA sequences available are >10%. At present, the new species is known from montane evergreen forest between ~650-1100 m elevation in northeastern Cambodia and central Vietnam. Habitat within the range of the new species is threatened by deforestation and upstream hydroelectric dams.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jodi J L Rowley
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William St, Sydney NSW 2010, Australia College of Marine and Environmental Science, Centre for Tropical Biodiversity and Climate Change, James Cook University, Townsville, Qld 4811 Australia;
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA; unknown
| | - Thy Neang
- Fauna & Flora International (FFI), Cambodia Programme #19, St. 360, Boeng Keng Kang I, Phnom Penh, Cambodia Department of National Parks, Ministry of Environment, 48 Samdech Preah Sihanouk, Tonle Bassac, Chamkarmorn, Phnom Penh, Cambodia; unknown
| | - Huy D Hoang
- Faculty of Biology, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, University of Science, 227 Nguyen Van Cu, District 5, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam; unknown
| | - Vinh Q Dau
- Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, 18 Hoang Quoc Viet, Nghia Do, Tu Liem, Hanoi, Vietnam; unknown
| | - Tao T Nguyen
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh, NC 27601, USA; unknown
| | - David A Emmett
- Conservation International, Asia-Pacific Field Division, 318 Tanglin Road #01-30, Block B, Singapore 247979; unknown
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48
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Mrinalini, Thorpe RS, Creer S, Lallias D, Dawnay L, Stuart BL, Malhotra A. Convergence of multiple markers and analysis methods defines the genetic distinctiveness of cryptic pitvipers. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2015; 92:266-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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49
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Abstract
We describe a new species of Southeast Asian rhacophorid frog belonging to the Polypedates leucomystax species complex from Songkhla Province, southern Thailand. Polypedates discantus sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by the combination of having the skin of the head not co-ossified with the skull; absent or indistinct white dots on the back of the thigh; paired-vocal sac openings; and a round tubercle on the tibiotarsal articulation. The new species is also distinguished from P. leucomystax and P. megacephalus in univariate and multivariate analyses of quantitative morphometric characters, and has uncorrected pairwise distances of 6.61-7.16% from its closest relative, P. leucomystax, in the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. The new species has four distinct male advertisement call types, consisting of one-note, two-note, three-note and staccato calls. The new species occurs syntopically with P leucomystax at the type locality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attapol Rujirawan
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok 10900, Thailand
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50
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Phimmachak S, Aowphol A, Stuart BL. Morphological and molecular variation in Tylototriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) in Laos, with description of a new species. Zootaxa 2015; 4006:285-310. [PMID: 26623768 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4006.2.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The salamandrid genus Tylototriton is poorly known in Laos, with one described species and unverified reports of two others. We undertook new fieldwork and obtained samples of Tylototriton at six localities across northern Laos during 2009-2013. Bayesian phylogenetic analysis of mitochondrial DNA, principal component analyses of 13 mensural characters, and qualitative morphological comparisons with samples from across the geographic range of Tylototriton were performed. Samples from Laos fell into four molecular and morphological groups, consisting of T. notialis, T. panhai, T. anguliceps, and a fourth lineage that is hypothesized here to be an undescribed species. Tylototriton podichthys sp. nov. is distinguished from its congeners by having distinct mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and in characteristics of the glandular skin on the head and body, shape of the rib nodules, and coloration of the body and limbs. This study expands the number of confirmed Tylototriton species in Laos from one to four, with the description of one species and extension of the ranges of T. panhai and T. anguliceps to Laos. An improved understanding of the geographic ranges of T. podichthys sp. nov. and T. anguliceps within Laos is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somphouthone Phimmachak
- Kasetsart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand National University of Laos, Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, P.O. Box 2273, Dong Dok Campus, Vientiane, Laos; unknown
| | - Anchalee Aowphol
- Kasetsart University, Faculty of Science, Department of Zoology, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand; unknown
| | - Bryan L Stuart
- North Carolina Museum of Natural Sciences, 11 West Jones Street, Raleigh NC 27601, USA;
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