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Basnet R, Bahadur Basnet B, Gupta R, Basnet T, Khadka S, Shan Alam M. Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signalling Pathway-A Potential Target for Cancer Intervention: A Short Overview. Curr Mol Pharmacol 2024; 17:e310323215268. [PMID: 36999689 DOI: 10.2174/1874467217666230331081959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mammalian role of the rapamycin (mTOR) pathway is the practical nutrient-sensitive regulation of animal growth and plays a central role in physiology, metabolism, and common diseases. The mTOR is activated in response to nutrients, growth factors, and cellular energy. The mTOR pathway activates in various cellular processes and human cancer diseases. Dysfunction of mTOR signal transduction is associated with metabolic disorders, cancer for instance. OBJECTIVE In recent years, significant achievements envisaged in developing targeted drugs for cancer. The global impact of cancer continues to grow. However, the focus of disease-modifying therapies remains elusive. The mTOR is a significant target in cancer to be considered for mTOR inhibitors, even though the costs are high. Despite many mTOR inhibitors, potent, selective inhibitors for mTOR are still limited. Therefore, in this review, the mTOR structure and protein-ligand interactions of utmost importance to provide the basis for molecular modelling and structure-based drug design are discussed. CONCLUSION This review introduces the mTOR, its crystal structure, and the latest research on mTOR.Besides, the role of mTOR in cancer, its function, and its regulation are reviewed. In addition, the mechanistic role of mTOR signalling networks in cancer and interaction with drugs that inhibit the development of mTOR and crystal structures of mTOR and its complexes are explored. Finally, the current status and prospects of mTOR-targeted therapy are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Government of Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Radheshyam Gupta
- Department of Urology Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, China
| | - TilBahadur Basnet
- Department of Epidemiology, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Sandhya Khadka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hope International College, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Md Shan Alam
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Basnet BB, Satyal D, Pandit R, Maharjan A, Karki R, Mishra SK, GC S, Basnet TB. Medical laboratory staff satisfaction and their perspective on the role of health institutions to combat COVID-19 pandemic. J Int Med Res 2022; 50:3000605221105356. [PMID: 35730336 PMCID: PMC9228646 DOI: 10.1177/03000605221105356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To assess the facilities and challenges encountered in the clinical laboratories, satisfaction of the medical laboratory staff (MLS) toward their profession and their views on the role of related health institutions during the first wave of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic in Nepal. Methods A web-based cross-sectional study was conducted among registered MLS in Nepal. Data were collected using a structured self-reported questionnaire on the Google Docs platform. Results A total of 301 respondents were enrolled in the study; of which 180 were male and 121 were female. Of the 301 respondents, a lack of infrastructure was reported by 241 (80.1%), a lack of skill development training by 204 (67.8%), limited availability of diagnostics kits by 151 (50.2%), overburdened by the workload by 142 (47.2%) and difficulty in sample management by 129 (42.9%). A total of 244 of 301 respondents (81.1%) believed that stakeholder institutions should collaborate with the government during the pandemic. The level of satisfaction during the pandemic (130 of 301; 43.19%) was found to have decreased compared with before the pandemic (203 of 301; 67.4%). Conclusion MLS were not fully satisfied with the available resources during the pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Deepa Satyal
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshan Pandit
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Rashmi Karki
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Australia
| | - Srijana GC
- Kanti Children Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Little Buddha College of Health Science, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian Province, China
- Til Bahadur Basnet, School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, 1 Xue Yuan Road, University Town, Fuzhou, Fujian 350004, China.
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Basnet R, Khadka S, Basnet BB, Basnet TB, Sapkota S. Overview of Drug Therapy of COVID-19 with Safety and the Potential Clinical Benefits. CDTH 2022. [DOI: 10.2174/1574885517666220428095207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract:
The discovery and development of the drug/vaccine for Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is the process of developing a preventive vaccine or treatment drug to reduce the severity of COVID-19. Internationally, hundreds of pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies, university research groups, and the World Health Organization (WHO) have developed vaccines for the past few centuries. Currently, they are continuously putting effort into developing possible therapies for COVID-19 disease, which are now at various stages of the preclinical or clinical research stage. In addition, researchers are trying to accelerate the development of vaccines, antiviral drugs, and post-infection treatments. Many previously approved drug candidates are already studied to alleviate discomfort during the disease complication. In this paper, we reviewed the research progress of COVID-19 therapeutic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Basnet
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandhya Khadka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hope International College, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | | | - Sanjeep Sapkota
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Shrestha L, Karmacharya N, Sharma S, Bahadur Basnet B, Jha R. Kinetics of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 Specific Antibody in Corona Virus Diease 2019. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2022; 19:688-692. [PMID: 35615823 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v19i04.3879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus 2019, a novel coronavirus first reported from China in 2019, is the causative agent of pandemic corona virus disease 2019. Antibody response and its dynamics may provide information about natural immunity conferred upon by corona virus disease 2019. METHODS A health-center-based follow up study of confirmed Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 infected patients was conducted from December 2020 to June 2021. Patients were followed up to period of 28 weeks during the study. An electrochemiluminescence immunoassay was used to test antibodies elicited by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2. Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected from each patient. RESULTS A total of 40 patients (18 males and 22 females) were enrolled in the study, with 90 % seropositivity of SARS-CoV-2 antibody. Antibody level was tracked up to 28 weeks following the infection, and persistence was observed till the end. Antibody level peaked on the 3rd to 4th month, after symptom onset. The male population was found to have higher antibody levels compared to females. Age-wise trend analysis showed lower antibody levels in the younger people (15-30 years) than those older (31-60 years). CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated that Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Corona Virus-2 specific antibodies in corona virus disease 2019 patients persist for at least 28 weeks, peaking at 13 to 20 weeks. Statistically, there was no correlation of antibody levels with the age and sex of individuals. Further study on a larger population is needed for determining long-term immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Runa Jha
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Basnet R, Bahadur T, Basnet BB, Khadka S. Overview on thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP): a potential target for diabetes intervention. Curr Drug Targets 2022; 23:761-767. [PMID: 35240955 DOI: 10.2174/1389450123666220303092324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder characterized by a persistent increment of blood glucose. Type 2 DM is characterized by insulin resistance and β-cell dysfunction. Thioredoxin-interacting protein (TXNIP) is among the factors that control the production and loss of pancreatic β-cells. OBJECTIVE Recent studies have shown that high glucose can significantly up-regulate the expression of the TXNIP. Overexpression of TXNIP in β-cells not only induced apoptosis but also decreased the production of insulin. At the same time, TXNIP deficiency protected the apoptosis of β-cells, leading to increased insulin production. Therefore, finding small molecules that can modulate TXNIP expression and downstream signalling pathways is essential. Thus, the inhibition of TXNIP has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system and other tissues such as the heart and the kidney in DM. Therefore, DM treatment must target small TXNIP activity, inhibit expression, and promote endogenous cell mass and insulin production. CONCLUSION This review briefly describes the effect mechanism, regulatory mechanism, and crystal structure of TXNIP. In addition, we highlight how TXNIP signalling networks contribute to diabetes and interact with drugs that inhibit the development often and its complexes. Finally, the current status and prospects of TXNIP targeted therapy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Til Bahadur
- Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Government of Nepal, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Sandhya Khadka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hope International College, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Pathak KP, Sanyam SD, Gaire T, Basnet PB, Sah SK, Basnet BB, Pathak S, Ingman S, Hoffman JJ. Perception and Challenges of Preventive Measures of COVID-19 Among Nepalese Frontline Health Professionals: An Unexplored Realism. Front Public Health 2022; 9:747070. [PMID: 35127610 PMCID: PMC8812484 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.747070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A new coronavirus causes COVID-19, a developing respiratory illness. Unfortunately, there is little information assessing healthcare workers' understanding of technology and preventative strategies during the Nepalese epidemic. Researchers from other subspecialties uncovered some mythical thoughts. As a result, we decided to put it to the test with healthcare personnel on the front lines. The research also looked at the problems experienced by frontline health care personnel (HCP) because of the COVID-19 strategic shift in work policy. Methods Nepalese healthcare workers participated in web-based cross-sectional research. A pre-tested, structured questionnaire utilizing a Google form was used to get self-informed, digitally typed consent, and examine critical perspectives and problems with current technology and COVID-19 prevention efforts. Results In total, 243 participants with mean age of 29.66 ± 7.61 years agreed to participate and were doctors (n = 27), health assistants (n = 2), medical intern doctors (n = 1), paramedical (n = 139), pharmacy (n = 1), and paramedical interns (n = 73) in this study. The calculated mean percentage score of knowledge on instruments and tools was 73.64 (SD ± 10.43) %, and perception on COVID-19 transmission and control was 70.06 (SD ± 18.30) %. At various levels, frontline health workers faced significant challenges, including the adoption of digital health technology. Conclusion Frontline HCPs are anticipated to have updated knowledge from what the study has outlined. It is recommended to follow national guidelines. Policies should be put in place so that every frontline worker can demonstrate high standards in prevention, control, and equipment use that do not create misinformation among HCPs. Throughout, support for digital health materials and disease control methods for HCPs is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Prasad Pathak
- Department of Social Sciences, Nepal Open University, Lalitpur, Nepal
- Center for the Study of Aging, Department of Preventive Medicine, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandip Das Sanyam
- Sagarmatha Choudhary Eye Hospital, Lahan, Nepal
- *Correspondence: Sandip Das Sanyam
| | - Tara Gaire
- Innovative College of Health Science, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Sujana Pathak
- National Academy of Medical Sciences (NAMS) Ophthalmic, Bir Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Stan Ingman
- University of North Texas, Denton, TX, United States
| | - Jeremy J. Hoffman
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
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Basnet BB, Satyal D, Pandit R, Basnet TB, Khattri S, Mishra SK. Knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff during COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal: An online based survey. INQUIRY 2022; 59:469580221082783. [PMID: 35349352 PMCID: PMC8968434 DOI: 10.1177/00469580221082783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction Despite several attempts to control COVID-19, there was a continuous rise in the number of cases, and this has left questions unanswered on the availability of health resources in Nepal. Here, we tried to assess the level of knowledge, practice and psychological symptoms among medical laboratory staff. Methods An online survey was conducted in February 2021. A total of 301 completely filled responses were used to assess knowledge, practice and psychological distress. R-language software was used for data analysis and p-value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results Of the total 301 respondents, 180 (59.8%) were male and 121 (40.2%) were female. The average score of knowledge obtained in this study was 32.4 ± 5.7 on a 56-point scale. Knowledge level was significantly different among age-groups (p-value – 0.034). The average practice score obtained was 2.25 ± 0.91 on a 4-point scale. More than one psychological distress symptom was observed in nearly half (41.5%) of the participants. Conclusion We conclude that medical laboratory staff in Nepal has satisfactory levels of knowledge and practice and, larger number of them has psychological distress. The study recommends further improvement in an effective information flow system, regular training, social security and psychological support.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Deepa Satyal
- Central Department of Biotechnology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Roshan Pandit
- Shanghai Institute of Immunology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- National Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Little Buddha College of Health Science, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- Department of Microbiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Basnet TB, Gc S, Basnet BB, Sambou ML, Indayati W, Thapa G. A non-traditional dietary pattern increases risk of coronary artery disease in the Nepalese population. Nutrition 2021; 93:111503. [PMID: 34763311 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2021.111503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Several dietary patterns are associated with cardiovascular diseases. Traditional, Western, Mediterranean, and vegetarian are common dietary patterns, derived from principal component analysis (PCA) of dietary food intakes associated with cardiovascular diseases; however, these patterns were derived mostly from the diet habits of people in Western and European countries. Therefore, the present study aimed to determine dietary patterns linked with coronary artery disease (CAD) in the Nepalese population. METHODS Food frequency questionnaires were used to estimate dietary intakes in 306 people with CAD and 306 people in a control group matched for age and sex. PCA was performed to deduce the dietary patterns, and conditional logistic regression was executed to determine the association of the dietary patterns with CAD. RESULTS The component of PCA with higher loadings of refined grain, sugar, and meat and lower loadings of milk, whole grain, and fruit was named the non-traditional dietary pattern in the present study. We found a 34% increased risk of CAD (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-1.58; P < 0.001) associated with this dietary pattern after adjusting for smoking, physical activity, and cardiometabolic risk factors. Dietary-pattern scores were further categorized into tertiles, and the third tertile was observed with significanly higher odds of CAD than the first tertile (odds ratio, 2.32; 95% confidence interval, 1.3-4.14; P for trend = 0.004). CONCLUSIONS PCA-derived non-traditional dietary patterns can be a risk for developing CAD in Nepalese people. However, further cohort studies or randomized community trials are suggested to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Til Bahadur Basnet
- Little Buddha College of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Kathmandu, Nepal; Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
| | - Srijana Gc
- Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | | | | | - Goma Thapa
- Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Pal KB, Basnet BB, Pant RR, Bishwakarma K, Kafle K, Dhami N, Sharma ML, Thapa LB, Bhattarai B, Bhatta YR. Education system of Nepal: impacts and future perspectives of COVID-19 pandemic. Heliyon 2021; 7:e08014. [PMID: 34568606 PMCID: PMC8455144 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e08014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The academic sectors are badly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic globally. The studies regarding the implications of COVID-19 in education in Nepal were minimal, thus, this paper aims to highlight the impacts of the pandemic on the education sector of Nepal. It is revealed that the Nepalese academia has been facing problems due to lack of adequate and appropriate sustainable infrastructure for the online system, including skilled human resources. In addition, limited internet facilities in remote and rural areas were the other challenging tasks for virtual academic activities. Therefore, the concerned stakeholders should provide necessary services and appropriate strategies for virtual means of the education system to compensate the repercussion caused by the pandemic. This study could be helpful to identify the critical needs emerged due to the pandemic at present and in future and also contribute to adopt appropriate policy for the revival of educational institutions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khadka Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Sciences, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Raj Pant
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Kiran Bishwakarma
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Kopila Kafle
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Namraj Dhami
- Pokhara University, Pokhara 30, Gandaki 33700, Nepal
| | - Motee Lal Sharma
- Central Department of Chemistry, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Lal B Thapa
- Central Department of Botany, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | | | - Youb Raj Bhatta
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
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Basnet BB, Basnet R, Panday R. Prospects for controlling future pandemics of SARS in highlights of SARS-CoV-2. Virusdisease 2021; 32:770-773. [PMID: 34307770 PMCID: PMC8280605 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-021-00715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout human history infectious diseases have emerged to become global threats once in a while. Sometimes the previously established infections surfaced due to geographical extension or by increasing their transmissibility or pathogenicity while in other instances new infections have periodically emerged by transmitting from animals to humans. A proper strengthening of the existing health care system, disease surveillance, advancement in medical technology and healthy lifestyle is a must for controlling the future re-emergence of pandemics. Similarly, a deeper understanding of (1) key medical and social elements; (2) treatment and prevention options; (3) epidemic preparedness of the health care system; and (4) investing in ethno medicine research is necessary to prevent the future devastating pandemic emergencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- Faculty of Science, Nepal Academy of Science and Technology, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Raju Panday
- Biology Section, National Forensic Science Laboratory, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal
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Basnet BB, Bishwakarma K, Pant RR, Dhakal S, Pandey N, Gautam D, Ghimire A, Basnet TB. Combating the COVID-19 Pandemic: Experiences of the First Wave From Nepal. Front Public Health 2021; 9:613402. [PMID: 34322466 PMCID: PMC8310916 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.613402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Unprecedented and unforeseen highly infectious Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a significant public health concern for most of the countries worldwide, including Nepal, and it is spreading rapidly. Undoubtedly, every nation has taken maximum initiative measures to break the transmission chain of the virus. This review presents a retrospective analysis of the COVID-19 pandemic in Nepal, analyzing the actions taken by the Government of Nepal (GoN) to inform future decisions. Data used in this article were extracted from relevant reports and websites of the Ministry of Health and Population (MoHP) of Nepal and the WHO. As of January 22, 2021, the highest numbers of cases were reported in the megacity of the hilly region, Kathmandu district (population = 1,744,240), and Bagmati province. The cured and death rates of the disease among the tested population are ~98.00 and ~0.74%, respectively. Higher numbers of infected cases were observed in the age group 21–30, with an overall male to female death ratio of 2.33. With suggestions and recommendations from high-level coordination committees and experts, GoN has enacted several measures: promoting universal personal protection, physical distancing, localized lockdowns, travel restrictions, isolation, and selective quarantine. In addition, GoN formulated and distributed several guidelines/protocols for managing COVID-19 patients and vaccination programs. Despite robust preventive efforts by GoN, pandemic scenario in Nepal is, yet, to be controlled completely. This review could be helpful for the current and future effective outbreak preparedness, responses, and management of the pandemic situations and prepare necessary strategies, especially in countries with similar socio-cultural and economic status.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kiran Bishwakarma
- Nepal Environment and Development Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Ramesh Raj Pant
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | | | - Nashib Pandey
- Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Kathmandu University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Dhruba Gautam
- National Disaster Risk Reduction Centre, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Archana Ghimire
- Nepal Environment and Development Consultant Pvt. Ltd., Kathmandu, Nepal
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Pandey N, Basnet BB, Koju S, Khapung A, Gupta A. Awareness of aerosol-related transmission of COVID-19 among the dentists of Nepal. BDJ Open 2021; 7:24. [PMID: 34183657 PMCID: PMC8237251 DOI: 10.1038/s41405-021-00079-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To access the awareness of dental practitioners of Nepal towards COVID-19 transmission through aerosols. Materials and methods The study involved 384 dentists from all over Nepal and was conducted for a period of 3 months. A self-reported online questionnaire was developed using Google forms and the link was shared. It emphasized the awareness related to the aerosol and ventilation system in their daily practices was prepared. The data were analyzed in Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20.0 software. Results The majority of participants were female 52.9% (n = 203) and within the age groups of <30 years 57% (n = 219). Participants from Bagmati Province were 60.4% (n = 232), with least from Sudurpaschim Province 0.5% (n = 2). 60% of participants provided only emergency services during the COVID-19 pandemic and few (7%) provided consultations via telephone. The current ventilation system used was a well-ventilated room with open windows 65.4% (n = 251). However, 52.8% (n = 203) preferred specialized operatory incorporating high-efficiency particulate air (HEPA) filters and ultraviolet (UV) light. More than 60% of respondents were unaware of the particle size of the aerosol. Conclusions The obtained results signify the need for the proper ventilation system with appropriate air filtration systems in dental clinical setups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashib Pandey
- Department of Periodontics, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
| | | | - Sushmit Koju
- Department of Oral Pathology, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Anju Khapung
- Department of Community Dentistry, College of Dental Sciences, Nepal Medical College, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Alka Gupta
- Department of Orthodontics, Kantipur Dental College Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Basnet BB, Pant RR, Bishwakarma K, Paudel S, Pandey N, Adhikari SK, Ranabhat K, Ghimire A. A Year Trend Analysis and Spatial Distribution of COVID-19 Cases in Nepal. Asia Pac J Public Health 2021; 33:641-644. [PMID: 33938266 DOI: 10.1177/10105395211012233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Kiran Bishwakarma
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | | | - Nashib Pandey
- Kantipur Dental College and Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Bagmati, Nepal
| | | | - Kamal Ranabhat
- Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Ministry of Health and Population, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Archana Ghimire
- Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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14
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Karki R, Lamichhane S, Basnet BB, Dahal A, Awal BK, Mishra SK. In vitro Antimicrobial Synergy Testing of Extensively Drug-Resistant Clinical Isolates at an Organ Transplant Center in Nepal. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1669-1677. [PMID: 33958879 PMCID: PMC8096450 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s309531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Inappropriate use of broad-spectrum antibiotics contributes to the emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. Finding novel antimicrobial agents and strategies based on synergistic combinations are essential to combat MDR infections. This study was designed to determine in vitro synergy of different antimicrobials against extensively drug-resistant (XDR) Gram-negative clinical isolates. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted at Human Organ Transplant Center, Nepal, for five months. Clinical isolates were checked for their drug-resistance properties including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase- (ESBL-) and metallo-beta-lactamase- (MBL-) production. The XDR isolates were further tested for antimicrobial synergy, and the results were interpreted as synergistic, additive, indifferent or antagonistic determining fractional inhibitory concentration of the antibiotics. Results Out of total 1155 clinical samples, 308 showed significant growth. Escherichia coli was the most common isolate (n=142) followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter calcoaceticus baumannii (Acb) complex, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and miscellaneous bacteria. Out of the culture positive isolates, 21.4% were MDR and 10.06% were XDR. The XDR population comprised K. pneumoniae (18.42%), E. coli (9.86%), Acb complex (7.41%) and P. aeruginosa (4.17%). Among the culture positive isolates, 4.5% and 5.8% were ESBL- and MBL-producers, respectively. Colistin, polymyxin B, and tigecycline were the antibiotics effective in majority of MDR isolates as compared to carbapenems. The combination of antibiotics - meropenem and colistin showed the highest proportion of "synergy" among all XDR E. coli whereas the combination of amikacin and colistin showed synergistic effect in XDR K. pneumoniae. Conclusion A significant proportion of isolates were MDR among which a large fraction was XDR. The combination of meropenem, amikacin and colistin with one another in pair showed beneficial activity in vitro. Such combinations can be utilized as effective therapy for XDR infections. Further studies are required to confirm these findings, and accordingly treatment protocols should be developed in the management of such infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Karki
- Janamaitri Foundation Institute of Health Sciences, Tribhuvan University, Nepal.,National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Samir Lamichhane
- Department of Pharmacology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | | | - Anuja Dahal
- Department of Pharmacy, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Bal Krishna Awal
- National Public Health Laboratory, Kathmandu, Nepal.,Shahid Dharmabhakta National Transplant Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - Shyam Kumar Mishra
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
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15
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Pant RR, Bishwakarma K, Basnet BB, Pal KB, Karki L, Dhital YP, Bhatta YR, Pant BR, Thapa LB. Distribution and risk appraisal of dissolved trace elements in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal. SN Appl Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractContamination of the trace elements (TEs) in the freshwater ecosystems is becoming a worldwide problem. This study was carried out to investigate the TEs contamination, and their associated health risk in Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake, Gandaki Province, Nepal. A total of 30 water samples were collected from both lakes during the pre-monsoon season in 2016. The samples were analyzed for the TEs including copper (Cu), lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), chromium (Cr), cadmium (Cd), manganese (Mn), cesium (Cs), and arsenic (As) using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. The results exhibited that the mean concentrations of all the TEs were higher in Rupa Lake as compared to Begnas Lake except Pb. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis revealed that both the geogenic and anthropic sources were the major contributors of TEs in the lake water. Anthropic activities were considered to contribute the TEs like Zn and Mn in lake water mainly via agricultural runoff, while evaluating the risk of TEs on human health all the elements showed HQ < 1 and CR < 10−4 indicating currently very low health risk concerns. In good agreement with above, the water quality index (WQI) of the Begnas Lake and Rupa Lake was 2.67 and 5.66, respectively, specifying the lake water was safe for drinking and public health concern. This appraisal would help the policymakers and concerned stakeholders for the sustainable management of Ramsar listed freshwater lakes in the Himalayas.
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16
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Basnet R, Khadka S, Basnet BB, Basnet TB, Chidi BB, Nirala S, Gupta R, Sharma B. Xanthine Oxidase and Transforming Growth Factor Beta-activated Kinase 1: Potential Targets for Gout Intervention. Curr Rheumatol Rev 2020; 17:153-161. [PMID: 33243128 DOI: 10.2174/1573397116666201126162202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gout, inflammatory arthritis caused by the deposition of monosodium urate crystals into affected joints and other tissues, has become one of the major health problems of today's world. The main risk factor for gout is hyperuricemia, which may be caused by excessive or insufficient excretion of uric acid. The incidence is usually in the age group of 30- 50 years, commonly in males. In developed countries, the incidence of gout ranges from 1 to 4%. Despite effective treatments, there has been an increase in the number of cases over the past few decades. OBJECTIVE In recent years, the development of targeted drugs in gout has made significant achievements. The global impact of gout continues to increase, and as a result, the focus of disease-modifying therapies remains elusive. In addition, the characterization of available instrumental compounds is urgently needed to explore the use of novel selective and key protein-ligand interactions for the effective treatment of gout. Xanthine oxidase (XO) is a key target in gout to consider the use of XO inhibitors in patients with mild to moderate condition, however, the costs are high, and no other direct progress has been made. Despite many XO inhibitors, a selective potent inhibitor for XO is limited. Likewise, in recent years, attention has been focused on different strategies for the discovery and development of new selectivity ligands against transforming growth factor beta- activated kinase 1 (TAK1), a potential therapeutic target for gout. Therefore, the insight on human XO structure and TAK1 provides a clue into protein-ligand interactions and provides the basis for molecular modeling and structure-based drug design. CONCLUSION In this review, we briefly introduce the clinical characteristics, the development of crystal, inhibitors, and crystal structure of XO and TAK1 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institutes of Biomedicine and Health, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sandhya Khadka
- Department of Pharmacy, Hope International College, Purbanchal University, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | | | - Til Bahadur Basnet
- Little Buddha College of Health Sciences, Purbanchal University, Min Bhawan Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Buddhi Bal Chidi
- Department of Drug Administration, Government of Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Sanjeev Nirala
- Department of Cardiology of the Ruijin Hospital affiliated to the Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Radheshyam Gupta
- Dept. of General Surgery, Bariatric and Metabolic Surgery, Nepal Korea Friendship Municipality Hospital, Madhyapur Thimi, Nepal, Qiqihar Medical University, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Bidur Sharma
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Science, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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17
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Basnet BB, Chen B, Suleimen YM, Ma K, Guo S, Bao L, Huang Y, Liu H. Cytotoxic Secondary Metabolites from the Endolichenic Fungus Hypoxylon fuscum. Planta Med 2019; 85:1088-1097. [PMID: 31216579 DOI: 10.1055/a-0957-3567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
As part of our search for new cytotoxic and antimicrobial natural products from endolichenic fungi, 19 compounds including 1 new 10-member lactone (2: ), 1 new polyacetylene glycoside (3: ), 1 new brasilane-type sesquiterpenoid glycoside (4: ), and 2 isobenzofuran-1(3H)-one derivatives (5: and 6: ) were isolated from the solid culture of the endolichenic fungus Hypoxylon fuscum. Their structures were unambiguously elucidated by NMR spectroscopic data, MS, ECD (electronic circular dichroism) calculation, and chemical methods. The cytotoxic effects on K562, SW480, and HEPG2 cell lines and the antimicrobial activity against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans were assessed. Compounds 1, 2: , and 5: exhibited moderate cytotoxicity against K562, SW480, and HEPG2 cell lines while compounds 1, 9: , and 11: displayed weak antibacterial activity against S. aureus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yerlan Melsuly Suleimen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chemistry Department of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, the Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shouyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences. No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No. 1 Beichenxi Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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18
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Basnet BB, Liu L, Chen B, Suleimen YM, Yu H, Guo S, Bao L, Ren J, Liu H. Four New Cytotoxic Arborinane-Type Triterpenes from the Endolichenic Fungus Myrothecium inundatum. Planta Med 2019; 85:701-707. [PMID: 30780164 DOI: 10.1055/a-0855-4051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Two new arborinane-type triterpenes, myrotheols A (1: ) and B (2: ), two new arborinane-type glycosides, myrothesides C (3: ) and D (4: ), together with four known diterpenes (5: - 8: ) were isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the endolichenic fungus Myrothecium inundatum. The structures of new compounds 1: - 4: were elucidated by NMR and MS analyses. The absolute configuration of 1: was assigned by a single-crystal X-ray diffraction experiment. Compounds 3: and 4: represent the first two natural 4-O-methyl-α-D-mannosides. Compounds 1: - 8: exhibited cytotoxicity against K562 and RKO human cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baosong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yerlan Melsuly Suleimen
- Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chemistry Department of L. N. Gumilyov Eurasian National University, Astana, Republic of Kazakhstan
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shouyu Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chaoyang District, Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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19
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Basnet BB, Liu H, Liu L, Suleimen YM. Diversity of Anticancer and Antimicrobial Compounds from Lichens and Lichen-derived Fungi: A Systematic Review (1985-2017). CURR ORG CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.2174/1385272822666181109110813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yerlan Melsuly Suleimen
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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20
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Alhajj MN, Khader Y, Murad AH, Celebic A, Halboub E, Márquez JR, Macizo CC, Khan S, Basnet BB, Makzoumé JE, de Sousa-Neto MD, Camargo R, Prasad DA, Faheemuddin M, Mir S, Elkholy S, Abdullah AG, Ibrahim AA, Al-Anesi MS, Al-Basmi AA. Perceived sources of stress amongst dental students: A multicountry study. Eur J Dent Educ 2018; 22:258-271. [PMID: 29607584 DOI: 10.1111/eje.12350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The aim of this study was to explore the perceived sources of stress reported by dental students from fourteen different countries. METHODS A total of 3568 dental students were recruited from 14 different dental schools. The dental environmental stress (DES) questionnaire was used including 7 domains. Responses to the DES were scored in 4-point Likert scale. Comparison between students was performed according to the study variables. The top 5 stress-provoking questions were identified amongst dental schools. Data were analysed using SPSS software program. Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used as appropriate. Logistic regression analysis was also conducted to determine the effect of the studied variables on the stress domains. The level of statistical significance was set at <.05. RESULTS Internal consistency of the scale was excellent (0.927). Female students formed the majority of the total student population. The percentage of married students was 4.8%. Numbers of students in pre-clinical and clinical stages were close together. The most stress-provoking domain was "workload" with a score of 2.05 ± 0.56. Female students scored higher stress than male students did in most of the domains. Significant differences were found between participating countries in all stress-provoking domains. Dental students from Egypt scored the highest level of stress whilst dental students from Jordan scored the lowest level of stress. CONCLUSION The self-reported stress in the dental environment is still high and the stressors seem to be comparable amongst the participating countries. Effective management programmes are needed to minimise dental environment stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Alhajj
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
| | - Y Khader
- Department of Community Medicine, Public Health and Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid, Jordan
| | - A H Murad
- Department of Oral Diagnosis, College of Dentistry, Al-Qadisiyah University, Al-Diwaniya, Iraq
| | - A Celebic
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - E Halboub
- Division of Oral Medicine, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - J R Márquez
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - C C Macizo
- Department of Oral Rehabilitation, Faculty of Dentistry, University of San Martín de Porres, Lima, Peru
| | - S Khan
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B B Basnet
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown-Bridge, College of Dental Surgery, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J E Makzoumé
- Department of Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - M D de Sousa-Neto
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Camargo
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - D A Prasad
- Department of Prosthodontics and Crown-Bridge, A.B. Shetty Memorial Institute of Dental Sciences, Nitte University, Mangalore, India
| | - M Faheemuddin
- Department of Prosthodontics, University College of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Lahore, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Mir
- Private Dental Clinic, Punjab, Pakistan
| | - S Elkholy
- Department of Implants and Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - A G Abdullah
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - A A Ibrahim
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Al-Gazira University, Wad Medani, Sudan
| | - M S Al-Anesi
- Conservative Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Thamar University, Dhamar, Yemen
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21
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Basnet BB, Liu L, Zhao W, Liu R, Ma K, Bao L, Ren J, Wei X, Yu H, Wei J, Liu H. New 1, 2-naphthoquinone-derived pigments from the mycobiont of lichen Trypethelium eluteriae Sprengel. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:2044-2050. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1484458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Ke Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Xinli Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Tianjin State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Tianjin, China
| | - Jiangchun Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- College of Life Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science , Beijing, China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing, China
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22
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Basnet BB, Liu L, Bao L, Liu H. Current and future perspective on antimicrobial and anti-parasitic activities of Ganoderma sp.: an update. Mycology 2017; 8:111-124. [PMID: 30123634 PMCID: PMC6059132 DOI: 10.1080/21501203.2017.1324529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Medicinal mushroom Ganoderma sp. is considered to be a key source for the production of therapeutic agents. Our current review indicates that a limited number (<19%; 79 out of >430) of isolated compounds have been tested and known to be active against several microorganisms and parasites. In this review, we aim to summarise all the antimicrobial and anti-parasitic works on Ganoderma sp. displayed on web of science, google scholar and endnote X7 from 1932 to August 2016. We further present and discuss the structure of active compounds against microorganisms and parasites. In addition, we also discuss the possible further research to identify lead compounds from Ganoderma sp. as a novel strategy to combat the potential global emergence of bad bugs and parasites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,International College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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23
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Liu L, Wang L, Bao L, Ren J, Basnet BB, Liu R, He L, Han J, Yin WB, Liu H. Correction to Versicoamides F-H, Prenylated Indole Alkaloids from Aspergillus tennesseensis. Org Lett 2017; 19:1494-1495. [PMID: 28256836 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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24
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Liu L, Wang L, Bao L, Ren J, Bahadur Basnet B, Liu R, He L, Han J, Yin WB, Liu H. Versicoamides F–H, Prenylated Indole Alkaloids from Aspergillus tennesseensis. Org Lett 2017; 19:942-945. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b00145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Long Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Bao
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- International
College, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Luwei He
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Junjie Han
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wen-Bing Yin
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, People’s Republic of China
- Savaid
Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China
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Tariq A, Sadia S, Pan K, Ullah I, Mussarat S, Sun F, Abiodun OO, Batbaatar A, Li Z, Song D, Xiong Q, Ullah R, Khan S, Basnet BB, Kumar B, Islam R, Adnan M. A systematic review on ethnomedicines of anti-cancer plants. Phytother Res 2017; 31:202-264. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Akash Tariq
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Sehrish Sadia
- College of life sciences; Beijing Normal University; Beijing China
| | - Kaiwen Pan
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
| | - Ihteram Ullah
- Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Shijiazhuang; Hebei China
| | - Sakina Mussarat
- Department of Botany; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Kohat Pakistan
| | - Feng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Olatunji Olusanya Abiodun
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Department of Botany; Obafemi Awolowo University; Ile-Ife Osun State Nigeria
| | | | - Zilong Li
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Dagang Song
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Qinli Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Mountain Ecological Restoration and Bioresource Utilization & Ecological Restoration Biodiversity Conservation Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu Institute of Biology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Chengdu China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Riaz Ullah
- Department of Chemistry; Government College Ara Khel; Frontier Region Kohat Pakistan
| | - Suliman Khan
- Institute of Hydrobiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
- Central Department of Biotechnology; Tribhuvan University; Kathmandu Nepal
| | - Brawin Kumar
- Institute of Zoology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Rabiul Islam
- Department of Crop Physiology and Ecology; Hajee Mohammad Danesh Science and Technology University; Dinajpur Bangladesh
- Wuhan Botanical Garden; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Wuhan China
| | - Muhammad Adnan
- Department of Botany; Kohat University of Science and Technology; Kohat Pakistan
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26
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Liu L, Liu R, Basnet BB, Bao L, Han J, Ren J, Zeng Z, Zhuang W, Liu H. A new seco-pimarane diterpene and four new β-resorcylic acid lactones from a fungicolous Hypomyces subiculosus. RSC Adv 2017. [DOI: 10.1039/c7ra11365j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
One new seco-primarane diterpene and four new β-resorcylic acid lactones were isolated and identified from the fungicolous Hypomyces subiculosus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Ruixing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Buddha Bahadur Basnet
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Junjie Han
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Jinwei Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Zhaoqing Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Wenying Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology
- Institute of Microbiology
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Beijing 100101
- People's Republic of China
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Abstract
Rapid growth of intensive animal industries in southeast Queensland, Australia, has led to large volumes of animal waste production, which possess serious environmental problems in the Murray Darling Basin (MDB). This study presents a method of selecting sites for the safe application of animal waste as fertiliser to agricultural land. A site suitability map for the Westbrook subcatchment within the MDB was created using a geographic information system (GIS)-based weighted linear combination (WLC) model. The factors affecting the suitability of a site for animal waste application were selected, and digital data sets derived from up to 1:50,000 scale maps were acquired. After initial preprocessing, digital data sets were clipped to the size of the delineated subcatchment boundary producing input factors. These input factors were weighted using the analytical hierarchy process (AHP) that employed an objectives-oriented comparison (OOC) technique to formulate the pairwise comparison matrix. The OOC technique, which is capable of deriving factor weight independently, formulated the weight derivation process by making it more logical and systematic. The factor attributes were classified into multiple classes and weighted using the AHP. The effects of the number of input factors and factor weighting on the areal extent and the degree of site suitability were examined. Due to the presence of large nonagricultural and residential areas in the subcatchment, only 16% of the area was found suitable for animal waste application. The areal extent resulting from this site suitability assessment was found to be dependent on the areal constraints imposed on each input factor, while the degree of suitability was principally a function of the weight distribution between the factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B B Basnet
- Faculty of Engineering and Surveying, University of Southern Queensland, Toowoomba, Queensland 4350, Australia
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