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Pant RR, Bishwakarma K, Nepal J, Paudel S, Chand MB, Qaisar FUR, Pal KB, Thapa LB, Wang G. Seasonal Variations and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Elements in Seti River Basin, Gandaki Province, Nepal. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 2021; 107:441-448. [PMID: 34148097 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-021-03288-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
To explore the seasonal variability and associated health risks of dissolved trace elements (TEs), a total of 45 water samples (15 samples in each season) were collected from the Seti River Basin during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. A total of 15 TEs were analysed and the results revealed that Arsenic (As), Chromium (Cr), and Nickel (Ni) were primarily controlled by lithogenic sources, whereas, Cadmium (Cd), Cobalt (Co), Cesium (Cs), Cupper (Cu), Manganese (Mn), Lead (Pb), and Zinc (Zn) were derived from both anthropic and geogenic sources. Additionally, the concentration of Zn was markedly high, especially during the post-monsoon season nearby the landfill site, indicating the anthropic signatures. The hazard index and cancer index were found to be < 1.00 and 10-6-10-4, respectively indicating minimum health impacts. The water quality index was < 50 throughout the sampling periods, with better water quality during the monsoon. This study could help to formulate the necessary policies for the sustainability of the Himalayan River Basins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Raj Pant
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Kiran Bishwakarma
- Environment Change and Multi-sphere Interaction Team, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Institute of Tibet Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jharana Nepal
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Sudip Paudel
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Mohan Bahadur Chand
- Faculty of Environmental Earth Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
| | - Faizan Ur Rehman Qaisar
- Department of Earth Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Khadka Bahadur Pal
- Department of Chemistry, Tri-Chandra Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - Lal B Thapa
- Central Department of Botany, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Kirtipur, Nepal
| | - Guanxing Wang
- Environment Change and Multi-sphere Interaction Team, State Key Laboratory of Tibetan Plateau Earth System Science, Institute of Tibet Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
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Pant RR, Bishwakarma K, Rehman Qaiser FU, Pathak L, Jayaswal G, Sapkota B, Pal KB, Thapa LB, Koirala M, Rijal K, Maskey R. Imprints of COVID-19 lockdown on the surface water quality of Bagmati river basin, Nepal. J Environ Manage 2021; 289:112522. [PMID: 33848878 PMCID: PMC9626473 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 pandemic has caused profound impacts on human life and the environment including freshwater ecosystems globally. Despite the various impacts, the pandemic has improved the quality of the environment and thereby creating an opportunity to restore the degraded ecosystems. This study presents the imprints of COVID-19 lockdown on the surface water quality and chemical characteristics of the urban-based Bagmati River Basin (BRB), Nepal. A total of 50 water samples were collected from 25 sites of BRB during the monsoon season, in 2019 and 2020. The water temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen (DO), and turbidity were measured in-situ, while the major ions, total hardness, biological oxygen demand (BOD), and chemical oxygen demand (COD) were analyzed in the laboratory. The results revealed neutral to mildly alkaline waters with relatively moderate mineralization and dissolved chemical constituents in the BRB. The average ionic abundance followed the order of Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ > NH4+ for cations and HCO3-> Cl- > SO42- > NO3- > PO43- for anions. Comparing to the pre-lockdown, the level of DO was increased by 1.5 times, whereas the BOD and COD were decreased by 1.5 and 1.9 times, respectively during the post-lockdown indicating the improvement of the quality water which was also supported by the results of multivariate statistical analyses. This study confirms that the remarkable recovery of degraded aquatic ecosystems is possible with limiting anthropic activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Raj Pant
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Kiran Bishwakarma
- Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes, Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | | | - Lalit Pathak
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Gauri Jayaswal
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Bhawana Sapkota
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | | | - Lal Bahadur Thapa
- Central Department of Botany, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Madan Koirala
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Kedar Rijal
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
| | - Rejina Maskey
- Central Department of Environmental Science, Institute of Science and Technology, Tribhuvan University, Nepal
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Aaij R, Abellan Beteta C, Adeva B, Adinolfi M, Adrover C, Affolder A, Ajaltouni Z, Albrecht J, Alessio F, Alexander M, Ali S, Alkhazov G, Alvarez Cartelle P, Alves AA, Amato S, Amhis Y, Anderson J, Appleby RB, Aquines Gutierrez O, Archilli F, Arrabito L, Artamonov A, Artuso M, Aslanides E, Auriemma G, Bachmann S, Back JJ, Balagura V, Baldini W, Barlow RJ, Barschel C, Barsuk S, Barter W, Bates A, Bauer C, Bauer T, Bay A, Bediaga I, Belogurov S, Belous K, Belyaev I, Ben-Haim E, Benayoun M, Bencivenni G, Benson S, Benton J, Bernet R, Bettler MO, van Beuzekom M, Bien A, Bifani S, Bird T, Bizzeti A, Bjørnstad PM, Blake T, Blanc F, Blanks C, Blouw J, Blusk S, Bobrov A, Bocci V, Bondar A, Bondar N, Bonivento W, Borghi S, Borgia A, Bowcock TJV, Bozzi C, Brambach T, van den Brand J, Bressieux J, Brett D, Britsch M, Britton T, Brook NH, Brown H, Büchler-Germann A, Burducea I, Bursche A, Buytaert J, Cadeddu S, Callot O, Calvi M, Calvo Gomez M, Camboni A, Campana P, Carbone A, Carboni G, Cardinale R, Cardini A, Carson L, Carvalho Akiba K, Casse G, Cattaneo M, Cauet C, Charles M, Charpentier P, Chiapolini N, Ciba K, Cid Vidal X, Ciezarek G, Clarke PEL, Clemencic M, Cliff HV, Closier J, Coca C, Coco V, Cogan J, Collins P, Comerma-Montells A, Contu A, Cook A, Coombes M, Corti G, Couturier B, Cowan GA, Currie R, D'Ambrosio C, David P, David PNY, De Bonis I, De Bruyn K, De Capua S, De Cian M, De Lorenzi F, De Miranda JM, De Paula L, De Simone P, Decamp D, Deckenhoff M, Degaudenzi H, Del Buono L, Deplano C, Derkach D, Deschamps O, Dettori F, Dickens J, Dijkstra H, Diniz Batista P, Domingo Bonal F, Donleavy S, Dordei F, Dosil Suárez A, Dossett D, Dovbnya A, Dupertuis F, Dzhelyadin R, Dziurda A, Easo S, Egede U, Egorychev V, Eidelman S, van Eijk D, Eisele F, Eisenhardt S, Ekelhof R, Eklund L, Elsasser C, Elsby D, Esperante Pereira D, Falabella A, Färber C, Fardell G, Farinelli C, Farry S, Fave V, Fernandez Albor V, Ferro-Luzzi M, Filippov S, Fitzpatrick C, Fontana M, Fontanelli F, Forty R, Francisco O, Frank M, Frei C, Frosini M, Furcas S, Gallas Torreira A, Galli D, Gandelman M, Gandini P, Gao Y, Garnier JC, Garofoli J, Garra Tico J, Garrido L, Gascon D, Gaspar C, Gauld R, Gauvin N, Gersabeck M, Gershon T, Ghez P, Gibson V, Gligorov VV, Göbel C, Golubkov D, Golutvin A, Gomes A, Gordon H, Grabalosa Gándara M, Graciani Diaz R, Granado Cardoso LA, Graugés E, Graziani G, Grecu A, Greening E, Gregson S, Gui B, Gushchin E, Guz Y, Gys T, Hadjivasiliou C, Haefeli G, Haen C, Haines SC, Hampson T, Hansmann-Menzemer S, Harji R, Harnew N, Harrison J, Harrison PF, Hartmann T, He J, Heijne V, Hennessy K, Henrard P, Hernando Morata JA, van Herwijnen E, Hicks E, Holubyev K, Hopchev P, Hulsbergen W, Hunt P, Huse T, Huston RS, Hutchcroft D, Hynds D, Iakovenko V, Ilten P, Imong J, Jacobsson R, Jaeger A, Jahjah Hussein M, Jans E, Jansen F, Jaton P, Jean-Marie B, Jing F, John M, Johnson D, Jones CR, Jost B, Kaballo M, Kandybei S, Karacson M, Karbach TM, Keaveney J, Kenyon IR, Kerzel U, Ketel T, Keune A, Khanji B, Kim YM, Knecht M, Koopman RF, Koppenburg P, Korolev M, Kozlinskiy A, Kravchuk L, Kreplin K, Kreps M, Krocker G, Krokovny P, Kruse F, Kruzelecki K, Kucharczyk M, Kudryavtsev V, Kvaratskheliya T, La Thi VN, Lacarrere D, Lafferty G, Lai A, Lambert D, Lambert RW, Lanciotti E, Lanfranchi G, Langenbruch C, Latham T, Lazzeroni C, Le Gac R, van Leerdam J, Lees JP, Lefèvre R, Leflat A, Lefrançois J, Leroy O, Lesiak T, Li L, Li Gioi L, Lieng M, Liles M, Lindner R, Linn C, Liu B, Liu G, von Loeben J, Lopes JH, Lopez Asamar E, Lopez-March N, Lu H, Luisier J, Mac Raighne A, Machefert F, Machikhiliyan IV, Maciuc F, Maev O, Magnin J, Malde S, Mamunur RMD, Manca G, Mancinelli G, Mangiafave N, Marconi U, Märki R, Marks J, Martellotti G, Martens A, Martin L, Martín Sánchez A, Martinelli M, Martinez Santos D, Massafferri A, Mathe Z, Matteuzzi C, Matveev M, Maurice E, Maynard B, Mazurov A, McGregor G, McNulty R, Meissner M, Merk M, Merkel J, Miglioranzi S, Milanes DA, Minard MN, Molina Rodriguez J, Monteil S, Moran D, Morawski P, Mountain R, Mous I, Muheim F, Müller K, Muresan R, Muryn B, Muster B, Mylroie-Smith J, Naik P, Nakada T, Nandakumar R, Nasteva I, Needham M, Neufeld N, Nguyen AD, Nguyen-Mau C, Nicol M, Niess V, Nikitin N, Nikodem T, Nomerotski A, Novoselov A, Oblakowska-Mucha A, Obraztsov V, Oggero S, Ogilvy S, Okhrimenko O, Oldeman R, Orlandea M, Otalora Goicochea JM, Owen P, Pal KB, Palacios J, Palano A, Palutan M, Panman J, Papanestis A, Pappagallo M, Parkes C, Parkinson CJ, Passaleva G, Patel GD, Patel M, Paterson SK, Patrick GN, Patrignani C, Pavel-Nicorescu C, Pazos Alvarez A, Pellegrino A, Penso G, Pepe Altarelli M, Perazzini S, Perego DL, Perez Trigo E, Pérez-Calero Yzquierdo A, Perret P, Perrin-Terrin M, Pessina G, Petrolini A, Phan A, Picatoste Olloqui E, Pie Valls B, Pietrzyk B, Pilař T, Pinci D, Plackett R, Playfer S, Plo Casasus M, Polok G, Poluektov A, Polycarpo E, Popov D, Popovici B, Potterat C, Powell A, Prisciandaro J, Pugatch V, Puig Navarro A, Qian W, Rademacker JH, Rakotomiaramanana B, Rangel MS, Raniuk I, Raven G, Redford S, Reid MM, dos Reis AC, Ricciardi S, Richards A, Rinnert K, Roa Romero DA, Robbe P, Rodrigues E, Rodrigues F, Rodriguez Perez P, Rogers GJ, Roiser S, Romanovsky V, Rosello M, Rouvinet J, Ruf T, Ruiz H, Sabatino G, Saborido Silva JJ, Sagidova N, Sail P, Saitta B, Salzmann C, Sannino M, Santacesaria R, Santamarina Rios C, Santinelli R, Santovetti E, Sapunov M, Sarti A, Satriano C, Satta A, Savrie M, Savrina D, Schaack P, Schiller M, Schleich S, Schlupp M, Schmelling M, Schmidt B, Schneider O, Schopper A, Schune MH, Schwemmer R, Sciascia B, Sciubba A, Seco M, Semennikov A, Senderowska K, Sepp I, Serra N, Serrano J, Seyfert P, Shapkin M, Shapoval I, Shatalov P, Shcheglov Y, Shears T, Shekhtman L, Shevchenko O, Shevchenko V, Shires A, Silva Coutinho R, Skwarnicki T, Smith NA, Smith E, Sobczak K, Soler FJP, Solomin A, Soomro F, Souza De Paula B, Spaan B, Sparkes A, Spradlin P, Stagni F, Stahl S, Steinkamp O, Stoica S, Stone S, Storaci B, Straticiuc M, Straumann U, Subbiah VK, Swientek S, Szczekowski M, Szczypka P, Szumlak T, T'jampens S, Teodorescu E, Teubert F, Thomas C, Thomas E, van Tilburg J, Tisserand V, Tobin M, Tolk S, Topp-Joergensen S, Torr N, Tournefier E, Tourneur S, Tran MT, Tsaregorodtsev A, Tuning N, Ubeda Garcia M, Ukleja A, Urquijo P, Uwer U, Vagnoni V, Valenti G, Vazquez Gomez R, Vazquez Regueiro P, Vecchi S, Velthuis JJ, Veltri M, Viaud B, Videau I, Vieira D, Vilasis-Cardona X, Visniakov J, Vollhardt A, Volyanskyy D, Voong D, Vorobyev A, Vorobyev V, Voss H, Waldi R, Wandernoth S, Wang J, Ward DR, Watson NK, Webber AD, Websdale D, Whitehead M, Wiedner D, Wiggers L, Wilkinson G, Williams MP, Williams M, Wilson FF, Wishahi J, Witek M, Witzeling W, Wotton SA, Wyllie K, Xie Y, Xing F, Xing Z, Yang Z, Young R, Yushchenko O, Zangoli M, Zavertyaev M, Zhang F, Zhang L, Zhang WC, Zhang Y, Zhelezov A, Zhong L, Zvyagin A. First evidence of direct CP violation in charmless two-body decays of Bs0 mesons. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:201601. [PMID: 23003138 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.201601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Using a data sample corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 0.35 fb-1 collected by LHCb in 2011, we report the first evidence of CP violation in the decays of Bs0} mesons to K±π∓ pairs, ACP(Bs0→Kπ)=0.27±0.08(stat)±0.02(syst), with a significance of 3.3σ. Furthermore, we report the most precise measurement of CP violation in the decays of B0 mesons to K±π∓ pairs, ACP(B0→Kπ)=-0.088±0.011(stat)±0.008(syst), with a significance exceeding 6σ.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Aaij
- Nikhef National Institute for Subatomic Physics, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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