1
|
Grellet A, Heilmann RM, Polack B, Feugier A, Boucraut-Baralon C, Grandjean D, Grützner N, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Chastant-Maillard S. Influence of Breed Size, Age, Fecal Quality, and Enteropathogen Shedding on Fecal Calprotectin and Immunoglobulin A Concentrations in Puppies During the Weaning Period. J Vet Intern Med 2016; 30:1056-64. [PMID: 27279352 PMCID: PMC5089601 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.14255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Fecal calprotectin and immunoglobulin A (IgA) are markers of intestinal inflammation and immunity in adult dogs. Hypothesis Fecal calprotectin and IgA concentrations in puppies are not influenced by fecal moisture in puppies but by enteropathogen shedding. Animals Three hundred and twenty‐four puppies. Methods Fecal consistency was assessed by gross examination. Fecal moisture was evaluated before and after lyophilization. Canine parvovirus and coronavirus were detected in feces by qPCR and qRT‐PCR respectively. Giardia intestinalis antigen was quantified by ELISA. The standard McMaster flotation technique was used to detect eggs and oocysts in feces. Fecal calprotectin and IgA concentrations were quantified by in‐house radioimmunoassays. Results For each marker (IgA and calprotectin), a strong positive correlation was observed between concentration in fresh feces and concentration in fecal dry matter. 75.6% of the puppies were found to be infected by at ≥1 of the enteropathogens evaluated. Fecal calprotectin concentration was significantly influenced by age (P = .001), with higher concentrations in younger puppies, but not by viral (P = .863) or parasitic infection (P = .791). Fecal IgA concentration was significantly influenced by enteropathogen shedding (P = .01), with a lower fecal IgA concentration in puppies shedding at ≥1 enteropathogen compared to puppies without any enteropathogen shedding, but not by age. Conclusions Fecal calprotectin and IgA are of no diagnostic value to detect presence of enteropathogens in clinically healthy puppies or puppies with abnormal feces, but could help to better understand the maturation of digestive tract.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - R M Heilmann
- Small Animal Clinic, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - B Polack
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | | | | | - D Grandjean
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Université Paris-Est, Maisons-Alfort Cedex, France
| | - N Grützner
- Clinic for Swine, Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty Berne, Berne, Switzerland
| | - J S Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - J M Steiner
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - S Chastant-Maillard
- NeoCare, IHAP, IHAP, Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, Toulouse Cedex 03, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Affiliation(s)
- J-L. Pingret
- Scanelis; 9 allée Charles Cros 31770 Colomiers France
| | - D. Rivière
- Scanelis; 9 allée Charles Cros 31770 Colomiers France
| | - S. Lafon
- Scanelis; 9 allée Charles Cros 31770 Colomiers France
| | - M. Etiévant
- Scanelis; 9 allée Charles Cros 31770 Colomiers France
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Criado-Fornelio A, Buling A, Pingret JL, Etievant M, Boucraut-Baralon C, Alongi A, Agnone A, Torina A. Hemoprotozoa of domestic animals in France: prevalence and molecular characterization. Vet Parasitol 2008; 159:73-6. [PMID: 19013719 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2008.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2008] [Revised: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 10/03/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Very limited information is available on epizootiology of haematozoan infections in French domestic animals. In an attempt to address this issue, prevalence of piroplasmida was studied in carnivores and ruminants, whereas prevalence of Hepatozoon spp. was only investigated in carnivores. In total, 383 animals were included in the survey (namely 116 cats, 108 dogs, 91 sheep and 68 cows). Parasite diagnosis was carried out using molecular methods such as PCR and sequencing of the 18S rRNA gene. In addition, ruminant samples were analyzed with the reverse line blotting technique (RLB). Results of RLB and PCR plus sequencing were in total agreement. In carnivores, haematozoan prevalence was close to 1%. Two cats were infected by H. canis (1.7% prevalence) and one of them was co-infected by Cytauxzoon sp. (0.8%). This represents the first finding of both pathogens in French cats. One dog was infected by H. canis (0.9%) and another by Babesia canis vogeli (0.9%). In ruminants, haematozoan prevalence (piroplasmida) was significantly higher than in carnivores (4.8% in sheep and 8.8% in cow). Theileria ovis was found in 1 sheep, Theileria sp. in 2 sheep, Theileria buffeli in 5 cows and B. major in 1 cow. Evidence presented in this contribution indicates that haematic protozoa are not widely distributed in domestic mammal populations of France.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Criado-Fornelio
- Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Alcalá, 28871 Alcalá de Henares, Spain.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - J-L. Guérin
- UMR INRA, ENVT IHAP-1225; Université de Toulouse; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire; 23 Chemin des Capelles 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3 France
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Marchandeau S, Bertagnoli S, Peralta B, Boucraut-Baralon C, Letty J, Reitz F. Possible interaction between myxomatosis and calicivirosis related to rabbit haemorrhagic disease affecting the European rabbit. Vet Rec 2004; 155:589-92. [PMID: 15573951 DOI: 10.1136/vr.155.19.589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Serological data on myxoma virus, rabbit haemorrhagic disease (RHD) virus and RHD-like viruses in juvenile rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus) trapped in 1995, 1996 and 1997 in two areas of France were analysed. For each disease, the effects of bodyweight, year, month and seropositivity for the other disease were modelled by using logistic regressions. In one area, a model including RHD seropositivity was selected to explain the myxoma virus seropositivity. Models including myxoma virus seropositivity were selected to explain the RHD seropositivity in both areas, and the odds of a rabbit being seropositive to both viruses were 5.1 and 8.4 times higher than the odds of a rabbit being seronegative to myxoma virus and seropositive to RHD. The year and bodyweight had significant effects for myxomatosis in one area and for RHD in both areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Marchandeau
- Office National de la Chasse et de la Faune Sauvage, Direction des Etudes et de la Recherche, 53 rue Russeil, 44000 Nantes, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Guerin JL, Gelfi J, Dubois L, Vuillaume A, Boucraut-Baralon C, Pingret JL. A novel polyomavirus (goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus) is the agent of hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese. J Virol 2000; 74:4523-9. [PMID: 10775588 PMCID: PMC111972 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.74.10.4523-4529.2000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
We have identified the etiological agent of hemorrhagic nephritis enteritis of geese (HNEG), a fatal disease of European geese. HNEG has been recognized in almost all goose breeding areas, with an epizootic pattern, and up to now, the infectious agent has remained unknown. In order to identify the causative agent, infected tissues from HNEG-affected geese were inoculated to 1-day-old goslings, which then developed clinical signs typical of HNEG. Tissue homogenates from these birds were subjected to Freon extraction followed by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. The resulting main band was examined by electron microscopy and consisted of spherical, naked, papovavirus-like particles approximately 45 nm in diameter. The virus was isolated and propagated in goose kidney cell primary culture. Tissue- or culture-purified virus allowed the experimental reproduction of the disease in goslings. Random PCR amplification of viral nucleic acid produced a 1,175-bp fragment which was shown to be associated with field samples collected from geese affected by HNEG on commercial farms in France. Sequence analysis of the PCR product revealed a unique open reading frame, showing 63 to 72% amino acid similarity with the major capsid protein (VP1) of several polyomaviruses. Finally, based on phylogenetic analysis, we conclude that the causative agent of HNEG is closely related to but clearly distinct from other polyomaviruses; we thus have named this newly identified virus Goose hemorrhagic polyomavirus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J L Guerin
- Unité Mixte de Recherche de Microbiologie Moléculaire, INRA/ENVT, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse, Toulouse, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Marlier D, Mainil J, Boucraut-Baralon C, Linden A, Vindevogel H. The efficacy of two vaccination schemes against experimental infection with a virulent amyxomatous or a virulent nodular myxoma virus strain. J Comp Pathol 2000; 122:115-22. [PMID: 10684680 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Two types of myxomatosis vaccine are available commercially, namely, vaccine prepared from the Shope fibroma virus (SFV) and that prepared from an attenuated myxoma virus (MV) strain, e.gSG33. An experiment was designed to compare two vaccination schemes for their ability to protect rabbits against challenge with either a virulent amyxomatous MV strain or a virulent nodular MV strain. Apart from a difference in the cutaneous expression of the disease, the two challenge strains resembled each other in respect of mortality rate, naso-conjunctival shedding of virus, and tissue infection. Vaccination with SFV alone failed to prevent clinical signs, naso-conjunctival shedding or tissue infection. Vaccination with SFV followed by a booster inoculation with SG33 protected rabbits against the development of clinical signs and significantly reduced both viral shedding in naso-conjunctival exudates and viral infection of eyelids, lungs and testes; virus was, however, isolated from testes of some surviving animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Marlier
- Department of Bird and Rabbit Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Liège, Bld de Colonster 20,Bat B42, Sart-Tilman, Liège, B4000, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Marlier D, Cassart D, Boucraut-Baralon C, Coignoul F, Vindevogel H. Experimental infection of specific pathogen-free New Zealand White rabbits with five strains of amyxomatous myxoma virus. J Comp Pathol 1999; 121:369-84. [PMID: 10542126 DOI: 10.1053/jcpa.1999.0335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Myxomatosis is a specific disease of the European rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) due to a virus belonging to the genus Leporipoxvirus. Forty-seven years after its deliberate introduction into Europe, the clinical aspects and the epizootiology of myxomatosis have changed. Two forms (nodular and amyxomatous) of the disease have been identified to date. A comparative study was made of the clinical signs, pathogenesis and gross lesions observed in male specific pathogen-free New Zealand White rabbits inoculated with five strains of amyxomatous myxoma virus. All five strains induced the characteristic amyxomatous myxomatosis clinical syndrome with clinical signs that differed only in intensity. The varying clinical intensity, together with the results of virological examination question the virulence of at least three of the five strains. Genomic analysis confirmed that the five strains came from the Lausanne strain introduced in 1952 in France and not from an unnoticed introduction of a Californian strain of myxoma virus. No link was found between the amyxomatous myxoma virus strains and the SG33 vaccine strain. 1999 Harcourt Publishers Ltd.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Marlier
- Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Liège, Bld de Colonster 20, Bat B42, Sart-Tilman, 4000 Liège, Belgique
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Gelfi J, Chantal J, Phong TT, Py R, Boucraut-Baralon C. Development of an ELISA for detection of myxoma virus-specific rabbit antibodies: test evaluation for diagnostic applications on vaccinated and wild rabbit sera. J Vet Diagn Invest 1999; 11:240-5. [PMID: 10353355 DOI: 10.1177/104063879901100306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed and compared with 2 reference diagnostic tests (indirect immunofluorescence [IF] and complement fixation) to detect myxoma virus-specific antibodies in sera from 50 rabbits experimentally vaccinated with an attenuated strain of myxoma virus or with a Shope fibroma virus. The ELISA was highly specific (100% specificity) and sensitive (100%, 21 days after homologous vaccination). In a comparison of the ELISA with the IF test in 128 wild rabbits from France, discrepant results were obtained in only 11 (8.6%) animals, which were positive with the ELISA and negative with the IF test. The higher sensitivity and the good specificity of the ELISA was confirmed in a serologic survey of 118 rabbits from 2 Kerguelen (Indian Ocean) islands, where the prevalence of myxomatosis varied considerably. The ELISA is an alternative serologic test for diagnosis, vaccine evaluation, and seroepidemiologic surveys of myxomatosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Gelfi
- Laboratoire associé de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Petit F, Bertagnoli S, Gelfi J, Fassy F, Boucraut-Baralon C, Milon A. Characterization of a myxoma virus-encoded serpin-like protein with activity against interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme. J Virol 1996; 70:5860-6. [PMID: 8709205 PMCID: PMC190603 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.9.5860-5866.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
A genomic library of myxoma virus (MV) DNA, a leporipoxvirus that causes myxomatosis, was constructed and screened by in vitro transcription-translation. A clone was selected on the basis of its strong reactivity with MV antiserum. Analysis of the corresponding DNA sequence and the deduced amino acid sequence revealed an open reading frame coding for a 34-kDa protein with strong homologies to members of the serpin superfamily. The gene encoding this new protein, called serp2, was localized on the MV genome. Interestingly, this gene is deleted in an attenuated strain. We constructed a baculovirus vector to produce recombinant Serp2 protein and raised specific antisera that allowed the characterization of Serp2 expression during the MV cycle. The biological relevance of this new serpin from MV was monitored, and it was shown that Serp2 could inhibit human interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Petit
- Laboratoire Associé de Microbiologie, Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Bertagnoli S, Gelfi J, Le Gall G, Boilletot E, Vautherot JF, Rasschaert D, Laurent S, Petit F, Boucraut-Baralon C, Milon A. Protection against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease with recombinant myxoma viruses expressing rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus capsid protein. J Virol 1996; 70:5061-6. [PMID: 8764013 PMCID: PMC190460 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.70.8.5061-5066.1996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Two myxoma virus-rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) recombinant viruses were constructed with the SG33 strain of myxoma virus to protect rabbits against myxomatosis and rabbit viral hemorrhagic disease. These recombinant viruses expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). The recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic, as revealed by its reaction in immunoprecipitation with antibodies raised against RHDV. Both recombinant viruses induced high levels of RHDV- and myxoma virus-specific antibodies in rabbits after immunization. Inoculations by the intradermal route protected animals against virulent RHDV and myxoma virus challenges.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bertagnoli
- Laboratoire Associé de Microbiologie Moléculaire, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique and Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Affiliation(s)
- F Petit
- Laboratoire associé INRA-ENVT Microbiologie Moléculaire, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Bertagnoli S, Gelfi J, Petit F, Vautherot JF, Rasschaert D, Laurent S, Le Gall G, Boilletot E, Chantal J, Boucraut-Baralon C. Protection of rabbits against rabbit viral haemorrhagic disease with a vaccinia-RHDV recombinant virus. Vaccine 1996; 14:506-10. [PMID: 8782348 DOI: 10.1016/0264-410x(95)00232-p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
In order to protect domestic and wild rabbits against RVHD, we constructed a recombinant vaccinia-RHDV virus, using the Copenhagen strain of the vaccinia virus. This recombinant virus expressed the RHDV capsid protein (VP60). Analysis of the expressed product showed that the recombinant protein, which is 60 kDa in size, was antigenic as revealed by its reactions in immunoprecipitation and indirect immunofluorescence with the antibodies raised against RHDV. The recombinant virus induced high level of RHDV specific antibodies in rabbits following immunization. Inoculations by both the intradermal and oral routes allow protection of animals against a challenge with virulent RHDV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Bertagnoli
- Laboratoire INRA/ENVT de microbiologie moléculaire, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chantal J, Boucraut-Baralon C, Ganière JP, Petit F, Py R, Picavet DP. [Reaction of the complement fixation test on microtitration plates: application to the serology of myxomatosis. Comparative study of the results with the reaction of indirect immunofluorescence]. REV SCI TECH OIE 1993; 12:895-907. [PMID: 8219340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The authors describe a complement fixation technique on microtitration plates, using an antigen prepared from myxomas induced in rabbits. Compared with indirect immunofluorescence this technique was less cumbersome, more economical, easier to read and (as a conventional procedure) applicable in all laboratories. Results obtained with 165 serum samples tested by both methods showed good correlation and a specificity at least equal to that of indirect immunofluorescence. Taking into account its lower sensitivity, the positive threshold value for complement fixation under the described experimental conditions was a dilution of 1:4 (H50).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Chantal
- Département de biologie moléculaire, Ecole nationale vétérinaire, Toulouse, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|