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Midawi AH, Shojaee M, Mohamadizadeh A, Bourque C, Ghassemi-Aramki H, Worswick M, Butcher C, Biro E. A Novel Technique to Measure the Local Mechanical Properties of Third Generation Advanced High Strength Steel Resistance Spot Welds. Forces in Mechanics 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.finmec.2022.100150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
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Bondy GS, Curran IHC, Coady LC, Armstrong C, Bourque C, Bugiel S, Caldwell D, Kwong K, Lefebvre DE, Maurice C, Marchetti F, Pantazopoulos PP, Ross N, Gannon AM. A one-generation reproductive toxicity study of the mycotoxin ochratoxin A in Fischer rats. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112247. [PMID: 33951485 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin produced by Aspergillus and Penicillium molds. Grain-based foods account for most human dietary exposures to OTA. OTA is a teratogen, but its reproductive and developmental effects are poorly understood. A one-generation reproductive toxicity study was conducted with groups of 16 male and 16 female Fischer rats exposed to 0, 0.026, 0.064, 0.16, 0.4 or 1.0 mg OTA/kg in diet. Dams exposed to 1.0 mg OTA/kg diet had statistically significant F1 pup losses between implantation and postnatal day (PND 4). Delays in preputial separation (PPS) and vaginal opening (VO) were indicative of delayed puberty in F1 rats. Mild renal lesions in nursing pups indicated that exposure prior to weaning impacted the kidneys. The developing kidney was more susceptible to OTA than the adult kidney. Significant increases in multi-oocyte follicles (MOFs) and proportional changes in resting and growing follicles were observed in F1 female ovaries. Plasma testosterone was reduced in F0 males, and there were negative effects on sperm quality in F0 and F1 male rats. The results confirm that continuous dietary exposure to OTA causes post-implantation fetotoxicity in dams, and renal and reproductive toxicity in their male and female offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- G S Bondy
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - I H C Curran
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - L C Coady
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - C Armstrong
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - C Bourque
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - S Bugiel
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - D Caldwell
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - K Kwong
- Ontario Food Laboratory, Laboratories Directorate, Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - D E Lefebvre
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - C Maurice
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - F Marchetti
- Environmental Health Science and Research Bureau, Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - P P Pantazopoulos
- Ontario Food Laboratory, Laboratories Directorate, Regulatory Operations and Enforcement Branch, Toronto, Ontario, M1P 4R7, Canada
| | - N Ross
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada
| | - A M Gannon
- Bureau of Chemical Safety, Food Directorate, Health Products and Food Branch, Health Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, K1A 0K9, Canada.
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Stare J, Siami S, Trudel E, Prager‐Khoutorsky M, Sharshar T, Bourque C. The Effects of Sepsis on Osmosensory Neurons Mediating Thirst. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.968.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Stare
- Department of PhysiologyMcGill UniversityCanada
- Center for Research in Neuroscience Research Institute ‐ MUHCCanada
| | - S Siami
- Service d'Anesthésie‐Réanimation Centre Hospitalier d'ÉtampesFrance
| | - E Trudel
- Center for Research in Neuroscience Research Institute ‐ MUHCCanada
| | | | - T Sharshar
- Service de Réanimation Médicale Hôpital Raymond PoincaréFrance
| | - C Bourque
- Center for Research in Neuroscience Research Institute ‐ MUHCCanada
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Boysen G, Bourque C, Huang J, Barbieri C, Kitabayashi N, Chen Z, Demichelis F, Hussain W, Houvras Y, Rubin M. 593 Modeling Prostate Cancer Oncogenesis Through Developmental Alterations in Zebrafish. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71250-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Smith E, Gordon R, Bourque C, Campbell A, Génermont S, Rochette P, Mkhabela M. Simulated management effects on ammonia emissions from field applied manure. J Environ Manage 2009; 90:2531-2536. [PMID: 19233543 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2008] [Revised: 12/18/2008] [Accepted: 01/21/2009] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
A need exists to improve the utilization of manure nutrients by minimizing NH(3) emissions from land application of manure. Management strategies to reduce NH(3) emissions are available; however, few have been validated under Canadian conditions. A well tested and accurate simulation model, however, can help overcome this challenge by determining appropriate management strategies for a given set of field conditions. The Volt'Air simulation model was utilized to estimate NH(3) volatilization from manure spreading for various manure spreading considerations under a range of atmospheric conditions typically encountered in eastern Canada. Considerations included: (i) soil liming, (ii) time of day of manure spreading, (iii) rainfall (timing and amount) and (iv) manure incorporation (timing, depth and manure coverage). Results demonstrated that liming to increase soil pH, increased NH(3) emissions by 3.3 kg ha(-1) for each increment of 0.1 pH (up to a 1.5 total increase), over no liming at 34.6 kg ha(-1). For each hour delay in manure spreading past 0800 h, NH(3) losses were reduced by 1.5 kg ha(-1). Rainfall (10mm) at least 20 h after manure application reduced losses, with increased reductions at higher rainfall amounts. Incorporation soon (1h) after application was best for NH(3) mitigation. Increasing the depth of incorporation by 5c m reduced NH(3) emissions by 4.4 kg ha(-1); also increasing manure coverage by incorporation reduced losses by 2 kg ha(-1) for each 10% increase in coverage, compared to surface application at 34.6 kg ha(-1). This investigation using Volt'Air yielded valuable information about simulating manure management strategies and the magnitude of their effects on NH(3) emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Smith
- Engineering Department, Nova Scotia Agricultural College, Truro, Nova Scotia, Canada.
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St-Onge MP, Bourque C, Jones PJH, Ross R, Parsons WE. Medium- versus long-chain triglycerides for 27 days increases fat oxidation and energy expenditure without resulting in changes in body composition in overweight women. Int J Obes (Lond) 2003; 27:95-102. [PMID: 12532160 DOI: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0802169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2001] [Revised: 06/17/2002] [Accepted: 07/01/2002] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the effects of long-term consumption of medium chain (MCT) versus long chain triglycerides (LCT) on energy expenditure (EE), substrate oxidation and body composition. HYPOTHESIS MCT consumption will not result in greater EE, substrate oxidation, and body weight loss compared with LCT consumption. RESEARCH METHODS AND PROCEDURES Seventeen healthy obese women participated in this randomized, crossover inpatient trial. Meals were prepared and consumed on site for two periods of 27 days. Diets containing 40% of energy as fat, with treatment fat comprising 75% of the total fat, were designed to supply each subject with their individual weight-maintaining energy needs. The MCT diet contained 67% of treatment fat as MCT oil (49% octanoate, 50% decanoate) whereas the LCT diet contained exclusively beef tallow as treatment fat. Body composition was assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) on day 1 and 28 of each phase while energy expenditure was measured on day 2 and 27. RESULTS Changes in total and subcutaneous adipose tissue volumes following consumption of MCT and LCT were not different (-0.61+/-0.38 l vs -0.54+/-0.48 l and -0.58+/-0.35 l vs -0.48+/-0.40 l, respectively). Average EE and fat oxidation were greater (P<0.05) during MCT than LCT consumption (0.95+/-0.019 vs 0.90+/-0.024 kcal/min, respectively, for EE and 0.080+/-0.0026 vs 0.075+/-0.0022 g/min, respectively for fat oxidation). DISCUSSION These results show that long-term consumption of MCT enhances EE and fat oxidation in obese women, when compared to LCT consumption. The difference in body composition change between MCT and LCT consumption, although not statistically different, was consistent with differences predicted by the shifts in EE. It can be concluded that substitution of MCT for LCT in a targeted energy balance diet may prevent long-term weight gain via increased EE.
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Affiliation(s)
- M-P St-Onge
- School of Dietetics and Human Nutrition, McGill University, Ste-Anne-de-Bellevue, Québec, Canada
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Nielsen S, Nagelhus EA, Amiry-Moghaddam M, Bourque C, Agre P, Ottersen OP. Specialized membrane domains for water transport in glial cells: high-resolution immunogold cytochemistry of aquaporin-4 in rat brain. J Neurosci 1997; 17:171-80. [PMID: 8987746 PMCID: PMC6793699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Membrane water transport is critically involved in brain volume homeostasis and in the pathogenesis of brain edema. The cDNA encoding aquaporin-4 (AQP4) water channel protein was recently isolated from rat brain. We used immunocytochemistry and high-resolution immunogold electron microscopy to identify the cells and membrane domains that mediate water flux through AQP4. The AQP4 protein is abundant in glial cells bordering the subarachnoidal space, ventricles, and blood vessels. AQP4 is also abundant in osmosensory areas, including the supraoptic nucleus and subfornical organ. Immunogold analysis demonstrated that AQP4 is restricted to glial membranes and to subpopulations of ependymal cells. AQP4 is particularly strongly expressed in glial membranes that are in direct contact with capillaries and pia. The highly polarized AQP4 expression indicates that these cells are equipped with specific membrane domains that are specialized for water transport, thereby mediating the flow of water between glial cells and the cavities filled with CSF and the intravascular space.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nielsen
- Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Anatomy, University of Aarhus, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark
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Rockman GE, Amit Z, Brown ZW, Bourque C, Ogren SO. An investigation of the mechanisms of action of 5-hydroxytryptamine in the suppression of ethanol intake. Neuropharmacology 1982; 21:341-7. [PMID: 7088267 DOI: 10.1016/0028-3908(82)90098-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
The effect of blockage of 5-hydroxytryptamine and norepinephrine uptake on voluntary ethanol consumption in rats was investigated. It was demonstrated that attenuation of ethanol intake occurred only as a result of treatment with specific 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitors. These results suggested that increasing the availability of central 5-hydroxytryptamine may in some way interfere with the positive reinforcing properties of ethanol. The second phase was designed to determine whether the attenuation of ethanol intake following blockade of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake may be due to increased post-synaptic activity. Ethanol-preferring animals were pretreated with methergoline, a post-synaptic receptor blocker, followed by treatment with zimelidine, a 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake inhibitor. The results indicate that treatment with methergoline did not alter the zimelidine-induced attenuation of ethanol intake. Based on these results it is suggested that blockade of 5-hydroxytryptamine uptake produces an attenuation of ethanol intake but not as a result of increased post-synaptic activity.
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Rockman GE, Amit Z, Bourque C, Brown ZW, Ogren SO. Reduction of voluntary morphine consumption following treatment with zimelidine. Arch Int Pharmacodyn Ther 1980; 244:123-9. [PMID: 6448029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Male Wistar rats were presented with an everyday free choice between water and a morphine-sucrose solution. Following a 5-day baseline period animals were injected with either zimelidine (10 or 20 mg/kg, i.p.), a neuronal serotonin uptake inhibitor, or Ringer's solution (2 ml/kg, i.p.) for 5 consecutive days. Treatment with zimelidine was shown to significantly attenuate morphine drinking suggesting that an increased availability of serotonin may interfere with the positive reinforcing properties of morphine. The results are also discussed in terms of a possible interaction with brain norepinephrine. The possibility that the reinforcing effects of both morphine and ethanol are subserved by common mechanisms is suggested.
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