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Pearce MJ, Götze K, Szabó A, Sikkenk TS, Lees MR, Boothroyd AT, Prabhakaran D, Castelnovo C, Goddard PA. Magnetic monopole density and antiferromagnetic domain control in spin-ice iridates. Nat Commun 2022; 13:444. [PMID: 35064100 PMCID: PMC8782874 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-27964-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Magnetically frustrated systems provide fertile ground for complex behaviour, including unconventional ground states with emergent symmetries, topological properties, and exotic excitations. A canonical example is the emergence of magnetic-charge-carrying quasiparticles in spin-ice compounds. Despite extensive work, a reliable experimental indicator of the density of these magnetic monopoles is yet to be found. Using measurements on single crystals of Ho2Ir2O7 combined with dipolar Monte Carlo simulations, we show that the isothermal magnetoresistance is highly sensitive to the monopole density. Moreover, we uncover an unexpected and strong coupling between the monopoles on the holmium sublattice and the antiferromagnetically ordered iridium ions. These results pave the way towards a quantitative experimental measure of monopole density and demonstrate the ability to control antiferromagnetic domain walls using a uniform external magnetic field, a key goal in the design of next-generation spintronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Pearce
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - K Götze
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg, Germany
| | - A Szabó
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot, UK
| | - T S Sikkenk
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Institute for Theoretical Physics and Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M R Lees
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - A T Boothroyd
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Clarendon Laboratory, Oxford, UK
| | - C Castelnovo
- T.C.M. Group, Cavendish Laboratory, J. J. Thomson Avenue, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
| | - P A Goddard
- Department of Physics, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK.
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2
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Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Cantaluppi A. Intraperitoneal Infusion of Streptokinase in the Treatment of a Total (Inflow-Outflow) Peritoneal Catheter Obstruction. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686088600600111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A. Scalamogna
- Divisione Nefrologia Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Via Commenda I5 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - C. Castelnovo
- Divisione Nefrologia Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Via Commenda I5 20122 Milano, Italy
| | - A. Cantaluppi
- Divisione Nefrologia Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico Via Commenda I5 20122 Milano, Italy
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3
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De Vecchil A, Quatrini M, Boni F, Castelnovo C, Viganó E, Baldassarri A, Tenconi L, Bianchi P. Epidemiology of Helicobacter Pylori in Dialysis Patients. Perit Dial Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089501500218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.F. De Vecchil
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - M. Quatrini
- Istituto di Scienze Mediche, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - F. Boni
- Istituto di Scienze Mediche, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - C. Castelnovo
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - E. Viganó
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi Cattedra di Gastroenterologia, University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | | | - L. Tenconi
- Centro di Immunoematologia e dei Trapianti IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore and University of Milan Milan, Italy
| | - P. Bianchi
- Istituto di Scienze Mediche, University of Milan Milan, Italy
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4
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De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Artuso K, Brancadoro A. Incidence, Possible Causes and Social Aspects of the Symptomatic Introduction of Disinfectant into the Peritoneal Cavity in CAPD. Int J Artif Organs 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/039139889401700504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The frequency and characteristics of episodes of accidental symptomatic introduction of Amuchina in CAPD patients has been retrospectively analyzed in patients treated with three different CAPD systems with disinfectant (two reusable Y set and one disposable Y set). The rate of accidental introduction of Amuchina was 1 episode every 8981 exchanges (1/8620 with the log Baxter Y set, 1/11060 exchanges with the short Baxter Y set and with the Bieffe L3 system). One to 15 fresh dialysis exchanges were required to relief pain due to the introduction of disinfectant. Four patients were hospitalized and one had a long lasting impairment in peritoneal ultrafiltration. There were no significant correlations between the episodes and age, sex or time when the exchange was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. De Vecchi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Hospital Maggiore of Milano, Milano - Italy
| | - A. Scalamogna
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Hospital Maggiore of Milano, Milano - Italy
| | - C. Castelnovo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Hospital Maggiore of Milano, Milano - Italy
| | - K. Artuso
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Hospital Maggiore of Milano, Milano - Italy
| | - A. Brancadoro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Hospital Maggiore of Milano, Milano - Italy
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5
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Affiliation(s)
- A Aroldi
- Divisione Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italia
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6
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Graziani G, Aroldi A, Castelnovo C, Scalamogna A. Pathophysiological aspects of stone disease. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 55:73-80. [PMID: 3549155 DOI: 10.1159/000413406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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7
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Sala G, Gutmann MJ, Prabhakaran D, Pomaranski D, Mitchelitis C, Kycia JB, Porter DG, Castelnovo C, Goff JP. Vacancy defects and monopole dynamics in oxygen-deficient pyrochlores. Nat Mater 2014; 13:488-493. [PMID: 24728463 DOI: 10.1038/nmat3924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The idea of magnetic monopoles in spin ice has enjoyed much success at intermediate temperatures, but at low temperatures a description in terms of monopole dynamics alone is insufficient. Recently, numerical simulations were used to argue that magnetic impurities account for this discrepancy by introducing a magnetic equivalent of residual resistance in the system. Here we propose that oxygen deficiency is the leading cause of magnetic impurities in as-grown samples, and we determine the defect structure and magnetism in Y2Ti2O7-δ using diffuse neutron scattering and magnetization measurements. These defects are eliminated by oxygen annealing. The introduction of oxygen vacancies causes Ti(4+) to transform to magnetic Ti(3+) with quenched orbital magnetism, but the concentration is anomalously low. In the spin-ice material Dy2Ti2O7 we find that the same oxygen-vacancy defects suppress moments on neighbouring rare-earth sites, and that these magnetic distortions markedly slow down the long-time monopole dynamics at sub-Kelvin temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sala
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - M J Gutmann
- ISIS Facility, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Chilton, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK
| | - D Prabhakaran
- Department of Physics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PU, UK
| | - D Pomaranski
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - C Mitchelitis
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - J B Kycia
- Department of Physics and Astronomy and Guelph-Waterloo Physics Institute, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario N2L3G1, Canada
| | - D G Porter
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
| | - C Castelnovo
- Theory of Condensed Matter group, Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0HE, UK
| | - J P Goff
- Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK
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8
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Sala G, Castelnovo C, Moessner R, Sondhi SL, Kitagawa K, Takigawa M, Higashinaka R, Maeno Y. Magnetic Coulomb fields of monopoles in spin ice and their signatures in the internal field distribution. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:217203. [PMID: 23003295 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.217203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Fractionalization-the breaking up of an apparently indivisible microscopic degree of freedom-is one of the most counterintuitive phenomena in many-body physics. Here we study its most fundamental manifestation in spin ice, the only known fractionalized magnetic compound in 3D: we directly visualize the 1/r(2) magnetic Coulomb field of monopoles that emerge as the atomic magnetic dipoles fractionalize. We analyze the internal magnetic field distribution, relevant for local experimental probes. In particular, we present new zero-field NMR measurements that exhibit excellent agreement with the calculated line shapes, noting that this experimental technique can in principle measure directly the monopole density in spin ice. The distribution of field strengths is captured by a simple analytical form that exhibits a low density of low-field sites-in apparent disagreement with reported muon spin rotation results. Counterintuitively, the density of low-field locations decreases as the local ferromagnetic correlations imposed by the ice rules weaken.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sala
- South East Physics Network and Hubbard Theory Consortium, Department of Physics, Royal Holloway University of London, Egham, United Kingdom
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9
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Slobinsky D, Castelnovo C, Borzi RA, Gibbs AS, Mackenzie AP, Moessner R, Grigera SA. Unconventional magnetization processes and thermal runaway in spin-ice Dy2Ti2O7. Phys Rev Lett 2010; 105:267205. [PMID: 21231712 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.105.267205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2010] [Revised: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the nonequilibrium behavior of the spin-ice Dy2Ti2O7 by studying its magnetization as a function of the field sweep rate. Below the enigmatic ''freezing'' temperature T(equil)≈600 mK, we find that even the slowest sweeps fail to yield the equilibrium magnetization curve and instead give an initially much flatter curve. For higher sweep rates, the magnetization develops sharp steps accompanied by similarly sharp peaks in the temperature of the sample. We ascribe the former behavior to the energy barriers encountered in the magnetization process, which proceeds via flipping of spins on filaments traced out by the field-driven motion of the gapped, long-range interacting magnetic monopole excitations. The peaks in temperature result from the released Zeeman energy not being carried away efficiently; the resulting heating triggers a chain reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Slobinsky
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, United Kingdom
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10
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Abstract
We study the diffusion-annihilation process which occurs when spin ice is quenched from a high temperature paramagnetic phase deep into the spin-ice regime, where the excitations--magnetic monopoles--are sparse. We find that due to the Coulomb interaction between the monopoles, a dynamical arrest occurs, in which nonuniversal lattice-scale constraints impede the complete decay of charge fluctuations. This phenomenon is outside the reach of conventional mean-field theory for a two-component Coulomb liquid. We identify the relevant time scales for the dynamical arrest and propose an experiment for detecting monopoles and their dynamics in spin ice based on this nonequilibrium phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castelnovo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics and Worcester College, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3NP, United Kingdom
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11
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Morris DJP, Tennant DA, Grigera SA, Klemke B, Castelnovo C, Moessner R, Czternasty C, Meissner M, Rule KC, Hoffmann JU, Kiefer K, Gerischer S, Slobinsky D, Perry RS. Dirac Strings and Magnetic Monopoles in the Spin Ice Dy
2
Ti
2
O
7. Science 2009; 326:411-4. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1178868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 447] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. J. P. Morris
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. A. Tennant
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. A. Grigera
- School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY15 9SS, UK
- Instituto de Física de Líquidos y Sistemas Biológicos, CONICET, UNLP, La Plata, Argentina
| | - B. Klemke
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
- Institut für Festkörperphysik, Technische Universität Berlin, Hardenbergstr. 36, D-10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - C. Castelnovo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, 1 Keble Road, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK
| | - R. Moessner
- Max-Planck-Institut für Physik Komplexer Systeme, Nöthnitzer Str. 38, D-01187 Dresden, Germany
| | - C. Czternasty
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - M. Meissner
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. C. Rule
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - J.-U. Hoffmann
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - K. Kiefer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - S. Gerischer
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Glienicker Str. 100, D-14109 Berlin, Germany
| | - D. Slobinsky
- School of Physics and Astronomy, North Haugh, St. Andrews, Fife KY15 9SS, UK
| | - R. S. Perry
- School of Physics, University of Edinburgh, Mayfield Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, UK
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12
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Abstract
Electrically charged particles, such as the electron, are ubiquitous. In contrast, no elementary particles with a net magnetic charge have ever been observed, despite intensive and prolonged searches (see ref. 1 for example). We pursue an alternative strategy, namely that of realizing them not as elementary but rather as emergent particles-that is, as manifestations of the correlations present in a strongly interacting many-body system. The most prominent examples of emergent quasiparticles are the ones with fractional electric charge e/3 in quantum Hall physics. Here we propose that magnetic monopoles emerge in a class of exotic magnets known collectively as spin ice: the dipole moment of the underlying electronic degrees of freedom fractionalises into monopoles. This would account for a mysterious phase transition observed experimentally in spin ice in a magnetic field, which is a liquid-gas transition of the magnetic monopoles. These monopoles can also be detected by other means, for example, in an experiment modelled after the Stanford magnetic monopole search.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castelnovo
- Rudolf Peierls Centre for Theoretical Physics, Oxford University, Oxford OX1 3NP, UK.
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13
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Castelnovo C, Podestà A, Piseri P, Milani P. Fractal analysis of sampled profiles: systematic study. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2002; 65:021601. [PMID: 11863534 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.65.021601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A quantitative evaluation of the influence of sampling on the numerical fractal analysis of experimental profiles is of critical importance. Although this aspect has been widely recognized, a systematic analysis of the sampling influence is still lacking. Here we present the results of a systematic analysis of synthetic self-affine profiles in order to clarify the consequences of the application of a poor sampling (up to 1000 points) typical of scanning probe microscopy for the characterization of real interfaces and surfaces. We interpret our results in terms of a deviation and a dispersion of the measured exponent with respect to the "true" one. Both the deviation and the dispersion have always been disregarded in the experimental literature, and this can be very misleading if results obtained from poorly sampled images are presented. We provide reasonable arguments to assess the universality of these effects and propose an empirical method to take them into account. We show that it is possible to correct the deviation of the measured Hurst exponent from the "true" one and give a reasonable estimate of the dispersion error. The last estimate is particularly important in the experimental results since it is an intrinsic error that depends only on the number of sampling points and can easily overwhelm the statistical error. Finally, we test our empirical method calculating the Hurst exponent for the well-known 1+1 dimensional directed percolation profiles, with a 512-point sampling.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castelnovo
- INFM, Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 16, 20133 Milano, Italy
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De Vecchi AF, Maccario M, Braga M, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Ponticelli C. Peritoneal dialysis in nondiabetic patients older than 70 years: comparison with patients aged 40 to 60 years. Am J Kidney Dis 1998; 31:479-90. [PMID: 9506685 DOI: 10.1053/ajkd.1998.v31.pm9506685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In all industrial countries, the number of elderly patients who need dialysis has increased in recent years. In the present study, we retrospectively analyzed two different age groups of nondiabetic peritoneal dialysis patients treated at the same unit by the same team of physicians and nurses with the same protocols. However, our purpose was to study possible differences in technique and survival rates, causes of dropout, complications, hospitalization rate, and everyday needs between the two groups. The results of 63 consecutive nondiabetic patients older than 70 years treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) were compared with those of 86 nondiabetic patients aged 40 to 60 years treated during the same period. Patient survival was significantly worse in the elderly patients, but the observed to expected survival ratio with respect to age was similar. Technique survival was comparable in the two groups. Total hospitalization was 5,501 days (32 d/yr) in the elderly patients and 4,511 days (18 d/yr; P < 0.05) in the younger group. The peritonitis rate was 0.52 episodes/patient-year in the elderly patients and 0.37 episodes/patient-year in the younger patients (P < 0.002). The exit site infection rate was similar in the two groups (0.30 episodes/yr v0.29 episodes/yr). Other complications related to CAPD did not differ between the elderly and younger patients. Rehabilitation and biochemical data after 1 year of CAPD were similar in the two groups of patients. After 1 year of treatment, 12% of the younger patients and 43% of the elderly patients (P < 0.005) needed a partner for dialysis. Twenty-nine of 39 (74%) of the elderly patients and 30 of 53 (57%) of the younger patients considered their lifestyle acceptable after 1 year of dialysis. Thirty-four of 39 (87%) of the elderly patients and 32 of 53 (60%) of the younger patients (P < 0.02) rated their physical and social state after rehabilitation as better or comparable to that they had before terminal uremia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F De Vecchi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
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15
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Maccario M, De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Ponticelli C. Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis in patients after intra-abdominal prosthetic vascular graft surgery. Nephron Clin Pract 1997; 77:159-63. [PMID: 9346381 DOI: 10.1159/000190267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the feasibility of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) after intra-abdominal prosthetic vascular graft surgery. We report 8 consecutive patients with end-stage renal disease, who previously underwent intra-abdominal prosthetic aortic graft replacement, treated by CAPD between November 1983 and November 1994. All patients received a peritoneal dialysis catheter without technical problems and were dialyzed for a total of 208 months. Six episodes of peritonitis occurred in 4 patients without clinical evidence of any abdominal aortic graft infection. Three patients developed intermittent claudication and 2 died of myocardial infarct. A similar peritonitis and cardiovascular complication rate was observed in a control group of age- and sex-matched CAPD patients with no aortic prosthesis. We conclude that CAPD is feasible in patients with abdominal aortic prosthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Maccario
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy.
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16
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Castelnovo C, Sampietro M, De Vecchi A, Corbetta N, Cantù M, Orlandi A, Lunghi G, Ponticelli C. Diffusion of HCV through peritoneal membrane in HCV positive patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1997; 12:978-80. [PMID: 9175053 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/12.5.978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE OF THE STUDY We evaluated the presence of HCV in the peritoneal effluents of viraemic patients treated with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) to evaluate the risk of transmitting the infection with this procedure. PROCEDURE Fifteen of 81 CAPD patients (18.5%) had anti-HCV antibodies and eight were viraemic. At the beginning of CAPD two of the viraemic patients had ascites with a clinical picture of chronic active hepatitis and cirrhosis. Peritoneal dialysates were collected after an overnight exchange with 1.36% glucose and after a 4-h exchange with 3.86% glucose. Fluids from the overnight exchange were spun to obtain a cellular pellet and the supernatant 100-fold concentrated. RESULTS No viral genome could be detected in unconcentrated samples and in cellular pellets, while HCV-RNA at low titre was detected in concentrated dialysates from the two patients with active liver disease. CONCLUSIONS Our findings confirm that HCV may be present in the CAPD effluent of some patients; however, the titre of virus in the effluent was extremely low, at the limit of detection of the PCR assay. Peritoneal fluids originating from patients with HCV associated severe liver disease may be a potential source of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Castelnovo
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
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17
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De Vecchi A, Castelnovo C, Grancini A. Igm Antibodies to Hepatitis C Virus: Response to Navarro Et Al.. Perit Dial Int 1996. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089601600621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A.F. De Vecchi
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi e Laboratorio Centrale IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Milano, Italia
| | - C. Castelnovo
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi e Laboratorio Centrale IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Milano, Italia
| | - A. Grancini
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi e Laboratorio Centrale IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore Milano, Italia
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18
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Vecchi AF, Maccario M, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Ponticelli C. Nine patients treated for more than 10 years with continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. Am J Nephrol 1996; 16:455-61. [PMID: 8955755 DOI: 10.1159/000169044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
We have retrospectively examined the clinical outcomes of the 9 patients who survived for more than 10 years in our continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) program. Six were men and 3 women aged 50.8 +/- (SD) 11.5 years. Three had been previously treated by hemodialysis. None of them had diabetes or neoplasms, 1 had liver cirrhosis, 3 had ischemic cardiopathy, 1 had peripheral artery disease, and all were hypertensive. The hospitalization rate ranged from 0 to 4.5 days/patient/year, the peritonitis rate was one episode every 57 months. Six patients had no peritonitis during the first 10 years of treatment. Exit-site episodes were one every 46.7 patient months. Six peritoneal catheters were removed from 4 patients. KT/V and peritoneal permeability, assessed by the peritoneal equilibration test, were within the normal range in the majority of the patients. Five patients died between the 121st and the 149th month, and 4 are still alive. Three of them are working. These results show that CAPD can be effective, peritoneal catheters can survive, and some patients can be free from peritonitis episodes for more than 10 years. After the 10-year on CAPD, the survival is poor, and the morbidity is high.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F Vecchi
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, IRCCS, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italia
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Scalamogna A, De Vecchi A, Maccario M, Castelnovo C, Ponticelli C. Cuff-shaving procedure. A rescue treatment for exit-site infection unresponsive to medical therapy. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1995; 10:2325-7. [PMID: 8808234 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/10.12.2325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed 41 cuff-shaving procedures in 38 patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) with exit-site infection unresponsive to medical treatment. Cuff shaving was performed on three patients with two catheters each. This procedure was effective in eliminating 50% of S. aureus exit-site infection and all S. epidermidis exit-site infection, but was ineffective in Gram-negative exit-site infection. After cuff-shaving procedure, 20 catheters (49%) were removed; 11 for persistent tunnel infection and nine because of development of secondary peritonitis. The probability of catheter survival at 1 year was 50% and remained stable thereafter. Cuff-shaving procedure may be a valuable mode of therapy for treating patients with S. aureus and/or S. epidermidis exit-site infection unresponsive to medical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scalamogna
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
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Maccario M, De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Ponticelli C. Reversible Catheter Obstruction by Omental Wrapping in a CAPD Patient. Perit Dial Int 1995. [DOI: 10.1177/089686089501500320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M. Maccario
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS Milan, Italy
| | - A. De Vecchi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS Milan, Italy
| | - A. Scalamogna
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS Milan, Italy
| | - C. Castelnovo
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS Milan, Italy
| | - C. Ponticelli
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis Ospedale Maggiore, IRCCS Milan, Italy
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Castelnovo C, Lunghi G, De Vecchi A, Grancini A, Como G, Graziani G, Scalamogna A, Ponticelli C. Comparison of three different tests for assessment of hepatitis C virus in dialysis patients. ARCH ESP UROL 1995; 15:241-5. [PMID: 7578501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the relationship between hepatitis C virus antibodies (HCV-Ab) and viremia and to compare the prevalence of HCV-Ab and HCV viremia in hemodialysis (HD) and continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Dialysis unit of a nephrology division in a public university hospital. PATIENTS All dialysis patients who came for routine clinic visits during the study period. None denied informed consent. Forty-eight patients on HD and 79 on CAPD were examined. INTERVENTION Blood samples were tested by second-generation enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA II) and recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA II) to look for HCV-Ab and by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to look for HCV viremia. RESULTS ELISA II was positive in 52% of HD patients and in 14% of CAPD patients. RIBA II was positive in 48% of HD patients and in 11% of CAPD patients. HCV viremia was positive by PCR in 41.6% of HD patients and in 12% of CAPD patients. Two of these PCR-positive patients did not show HCV-Ab by ELISA II and RIBA II. The sensitivity and specificity of ELISA II were 93% and 92%, the sensitivity and specificity of RIBA II were 86% and 94%. CONCLUSIONS Our data confirm a higher prevalence of HCV viremia in HD than in CAPD patients. The absence of Ab against virus C in 2 patients positive with PCR might be due to recent HCV infection or to weak virus replication or to a poor immune response.
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Maccario M, De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Ponticelli C. Reversible catheter obstruction by omental wrapping in a CAPD patient. Perit Dial Int 1995; 15:278-9. [PMID: 7578512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
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De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Artuso K, Brancadoro A. Incidence, possible causes and social aspects of the symptomatic introduction of disinfectant into the peritoneal cavity in CAPD. Int J Artif Organs 1994; 17:265-71. [PMID: 7960195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The frequency and characteristics of episodes of accidental symptomatic introduction of Amuchina in CAPD patients has been retrospectively analyzed in patients treated with three different CAPD systems with disinfectant (two reusable Y set and one disposable Y set). The rate of accidental introduction of Amuchina was 1 episode every 8981 exchanges (1/8620 with the log Baxter Y set, 1/11,060 exchanges with the short Baxter Y set and with the Bieffe L3 system). One to 15 fresh dialysis exchanges were required to relief pain due to the introduction of disinfectant. Four patients were hospitalized and one had a long lasting impairment in peritoneal ultrafiltration. There were no significant correlations between the episodes and age, sex or time when the exchange was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Vecchi
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Hospital Maggiore of Milano, Italy
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Badalamenti S, DeFazio C, Castelnovo C, Sangiovanni A, Como G, De Vecchi A, Graziani G, Colombo M, Ponticelli C. High prevalence of silent gallstone disease in dialysis patients. Nephron Clin Pract 1994; 66:225-7. [PMID: 8139744 DOI: 10.1159/000187805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Gallstone disease was detected in 28% of 119 patients on regular dialysis treatment. The disease was silent in 82% of the patients. Stones were radiolucent in 88% of the cases, radioopaque in 8% and mixed in 4%. Among 49 variables considered, increasing age was the only variable that correlated significantly with increasing prevalence of gallstone disease. Since no relationships were found between gallstones and age or modes of dialysis, it is conceivable that some mechanism(s) linked with the preexisting chronic nephropathy might have been involved in the development of cholelithiasis. End-stage renal disease could be another so far unrecognized risk factor for cholelithiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Badalamenti
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
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De Vecchi AF, Scalamogna A, Castelnovo C, Abbiati C, Baiguini L, Castellanta S. Active chloride concentration in CAPD systems containing in-line disinfectant electrolytic chloroxidizer solution. Nephron Clin Pract 1994; 67:486-7. [PMID: 7969686 DOI: 10.1159/000188026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
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Fixa B, Komárková O, Krejsek K, Bures J, Nozicka Z, Giorcelli W, Rodi M, Camisasca G, Martinotti RG, Mendall MA, Goggin PM, Molineaux N, Levy J, Toosy T, Strachan D, Northfield TC, Vorobjova T, Vassiljev V, Kisand K, Wadström T, Uibo R, Zotz RB, Xu SG, Recklinghausen GV, Meusers P, Goebell H, Rhee KH, Youn HS, Paik SK, Lee WK, Cho MJ, Park CK, Li Y, Hu P, Du G, Wong Z, Hazell SL, Mitchell HM, Korwin JDD, Remot P, Hartemann P, Catelle A, Conroy MC, Schmitt J, Stolte M, Wellens E, Bethke B, Ritter M, Eidt H, Zanten SVV, Best L, Bezanson G, Marrie T, Poniewierka E, Gosciniak G, Matysiak-Budnik T, Quatrini M, Boni F, Baldassarri AR, Vecchi AD, Castelnovo C, Viganò E, Tenconi L, Bianchi PA, Carlucci A, Ferrini G, Bianco I, Larcinese G, Sciascio AD, Fly GF, Hauge T, Persson J, Coelho LGV, Teixeira MM, Passos MCF, Givisiez CB, Santos CMFR, Rodrigues CJS, Chausson Y, Castro LP, Hyvärinen H, Seppälä K, Kivilaakso E, Kosunen T, Gormse M, Pilotto A, Vianello F, Tornaboni D, Dotto P, Battaglia G, Binda F, Mario FD, Donisi PM, Pasini M, Benve-nuti ME, Stracca-Pansa V, Pasquino M, Jablonowski H, Szelényi H, Hengels KJ, Strohmeyer G, Banatvala N, Mayo K, Megraud F, Jennings R, Deeks JJ, Feldman RA, Bulighin G, Ederie A, Pilati S, Franzin G, Zamboni G, Maran M, Musola R, Tobin A, Hackman RC, McDonald GB, Fatela N, Cristino JM, Monteiro L, Ramalho F, Saragoça A, Salgado MJ, Moura MCD, Pretolani S, Gasbarrini G, Bonvicini F, Baraldini M, Tonelli E, Gatto MRA, Ghironzi GC, égraud FM, Bouchard S, Lubcvzumiska-Kowalska W, Knapik Z, Meenan J, Goggins M, Shahi C, Keeling PWN, Keane C, Weir DG, Vaira D, Miglioli M, Mulè P, Holten J, Menegati M, Biasco G, Vergura M, Nannetti A, Barbara L, Boschini A, Begnini M, Menegatti M, Ghira C, D’Errico A, Evans DG, Asnicar MA, Evans DJ, Graham DY, Lee CH, Coschieri M, Fosse T, Paul MCS, Michiels JR, Delmont JP, Péroux JL, Pradier C, Rampai P, Pazzi P, Merighi A, Gamberini S, Scarliarini R, Bicochi R, Libanore M, Bisi G, Gulllini S. Epidemiology. Ir J Med Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Vecchi AF, Castelnovo C, Scalamogna A, Paparella M. Symptomatic accidental introduction of disinfectant electrolytic chloroxidizer solution into the peritoneal cavity of CAPD patients. Incidence and long-term effects on ultrafiltration. Clin Nephrol 1992; 37:204-8. [PMID: 1316248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the Y-set with disinfectant [Buoncristiani et al. 1983] has been used in several continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) centers. This system has considerably improved the short- and long-term results of CAPD [Maiorca et al. 1983, Scalamogna et al. 1990]. Accidental introduction of disinfectant during the exchange is a risk associated with this system, but at the present time we have little data pertaining to incidence complication and its possible effects on peritoneal function. The aim of the present study was to assess the incidence of acute symptomatic accidental introduction of disinfectant in CAPD patients on the Y system and to establish whether this complication is followed by any long-term changes in peritoneal ultrafiltration.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F De Vecchi
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italy
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De Vecchi A, Scalamogna A, Paparella M, Colombini M, Rovellini A, Pini C, Castelnovo C. Effect of simvastatin in CAPD patients with hypercholesterolemia. Adv Perit Dial 1992; 8:331-3. [PMID: 1361817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The effect of simvastatin on serum total and HDL cholesterol and total triglyceride levels in 20 hypercholesterolemic patients on CAPD treatment was studied. The drug was given at the initial dose of 10 mg/day which was doubled up to 40 mg/day. Two non-compliant patients stopped the drug in the first week of treatment. One patient had vomiting and stopped simvastatin. One patients reduced the dose from 20 to 10 mg/day because of increase in CPK level. The study was completed in 16 patients. Serum cholesterol decreased from 318 +/- 39 to 208 +/- 34 mg/dl (p < 0.001), triglyceride from 317 +/- 129 to 278 +/- 160 mg/dl and HDL cholesterol from 43 +/- 13 to 35 +/- 11 mg/dl. The effective does was 10 mg/day in 4 cases, 20 mg/dl in 7 and 40 mg/dl in 5. In CAPD patients, simvastatin is safe and effective in lowering serum cholesterol. The clinical significance of the decrease in HDL cholesterol and its possible effect on clinical outcome are still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- A De Vecchi
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, IRCCS Ospedale Magiore, Milano, Italy
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Abstract
One hundred two exit-site infections (ESI) were diagnosed in 63 of 163 (38.6%) patients, with an incidence of one episode every 23.7 patient-months in patients with a history of ESI, whereas in the overall continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) population the incidence was one episode every 48.7 patient-months. In diminishing order of frequency, the bacteria isolated were Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. The probability of remaining free of ESI was 72% at 1 year and 45% at 5 years. The ESI that led to catheter removal were due to S aureus and gram-negative rods. In 13 (48%) of 27 S aureus ESI unresponsive to antibiotics and local care, deroofing and outer cuff shaving completely resolved the ESI. Despite this treatment, the catheters of the remaining 14 patients had to be removed because of peritonitis associated with the tunnel infection. In conclusion, ESI is a major cause of CAPD failure. In our series, shaving the cuff as a rescue treatment was effective for almost 50% of the patients with antibiotic-resistant S aureus ESI.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scalamogna
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italy
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30
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Graziani G, Aroldi A, Castelnovo C, Bondatti F, DeVecchi A, Ponticelli C. Ciclosporin and calcium metabolism in renal transplanted patients. Nephron Clin Pract 1991; 57:479-80. [PMID: 2046833 DOI: 10.1159/000186353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
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31
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De Vecchi AF, Kopple JD, Young GA, Nolph KD, Vonesh EF, Castelnovo C, Dichiro J, Nissenson A, Brownjohn AM, Prowant B. Plasma and dialysate immunoglobulin G in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis patients: a multicenter study. Am J Nephrol 1990; 10:451-6. [PMID: 2075902 DOI: 10.1159/000168168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Peritoneal dialysate immunoglobulin (Ig)G concentrations were measured in 120 continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients evaluated at four dialysis centers in different countries to assess the normal range for dialysate IgG and to investigate the relationships of this protein levels with peritoneal episodes, For 65 of these patients, plasma IgG levels were determined, and IgG clearances were calculated. The mean dialysate concentration of IgG was 6.9 +/- 4.2 mg/dl, and there was no difference between men and women or between patients who had or had not previously undergone hemodialysis. Dialysate IgG concentrations were significantly related to residual renal creatinine clearance and negatively correlated with dialysate volume, plasma albumin and total protein. There were no significant correlations between IgG levels in the dialysate and age, protein losses in the dialysate, time on CAPD or time from the last peritonitis episode. Plasma and dialysate IgG were unrelated to the incidence of peritonitis, statistical analysis being performed with different methods. These results suggest that IgG levels in the dialysate or plasma are not a major factor in the prevention of CAPD peritonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A F De Vecchi
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy
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Graziani G, Castelnovo C, Aroldi A, Adami S, Viganò E, Casati S, De Vecchi A. Response of renal transplanted patients to oral calcium load. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990; 5:531-4. [PMID: 2130301 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/5.7.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we demonstrated that cyclosporin-treated renal transplanted patients have a reduced 1,25(OH)2D3 synthesis in comparison with azathioprine-treated transplanted patients. To assess the impact of this defect on intestinal calcium transport we compared the plasma calcium variation and the urinary calcium excretion in 14 cyclosporin-treated and in 12 azathioprine-treated patients, in fasting conditions and 4 hours after an oral calcium load (1 g). In ten cyclosporin patients we also correlated cyclosporin plasma values with plasma 1,25(OH)2D3 values before and after a 25(OH)D3 oral load. After the oral calcium load, plasma and urinary calcium increased significantly in the azathioprine group, while remaining unchanged in the cyclosporin group. A negative correlation between plasma concentrations of cyclosporin and the increment in 1,25(OH)2D3 after 25(OH)D3 oral load was also observed. Thus, our data suggest that cyclosporin impairs 1-alpha hydroxylase activity and alters the response to an oral calcium load.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Graziani
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore di Milano, Italy
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Casati S, Castelnovo C, Campise M, Ponticelli C. Aluminium interference in the treatment of haemodialysis patients with recombinant human erythropoietin. Nephrol Dial Transplant 1990; 5:441-3. [PMID: 2122321 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/5.6.441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In nine chronic haemodialysis patients a desferrioxamine (DFO) load test (40 mg/kg body-weight) was performed 1 year after the beginning of treatment with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEpo). The patients were then divided into two groups. Group A comprised five patients with a greater mean aluminium (204 +/- 28 micrograms/l) than the four patients in group B. Group A was given a mean dose of 25.8 g (range 14-39 g) of DFO over 6 months. Group B (aluminium values 112 +/- 36 micrograms/l) was never treated with DFO. During the period of observation, plasma iron, serum ferritin and transferrin, as well as iron supplementation, did not differ between the groups. After DFO treatment a second DFO load test was performed. The mean predialysis aluminium value was significantly reduced in group A (204 +/- 28 vs 111 +/- 72 micrograms/l; P less than 0.05), while remaining unchanged in group B (112 +/- 36 vs 140 +/- 39 micrograms/l; P = ns). In both groups, the doses of rHuEpo necessary to maintain the same haemoglobin values decreased with time, but reduced significantly only in group A (298 +/- 105 vs 110 +/- 61 mu/kg per week; delta -63%; P less than 0.01). Thus, aluminium interferes with the response to rHuEpo in haemodialysis patients, and the correction of aluminium overload with DFO can allow a considerable sparing of rHuEpo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Casati
- Divisione di Nefrologia, IRCCS Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
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Scalamogna A, De Vecchi A, Castelnovo C, Guerra L, Ponticelli C. Long-term incidence of peritonitis in CAPD patients treated by the Y set technique: experience in a single center. Nephron Clin Pract 1990; 55:24-7. [PMID: 2191231 DOI: 10.1159/000185913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Our experience of peritonitis in 156 patients over an 8-year period represents 186 episodes of peritonitis and 4,964 patient-months of CAPD. The incidence of peritonitis was significantly greater (1 episode every 8.6 patient-months) when the Oreopoulos technique was used and dropped to 1 episode every 43.3 patient-months when the Y set system was used. Of the 109 patients using the Y set system, 88 (80.7%) never had episodes of peritonitis, whereas only 7 (16.7%) of the 42 patients using the Oreopoulos technique were free of peritonitis. For 23 patients shifted from the Oreopoulos to the Y set technique, the incidence of peritonitis dropped from 1/9.8 to 1/35.2 episodes/patient-months.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Scalamogna
- Divisione di Nefrologia e Dialisi, Ospedale Maggiore, Milano, Italy
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35
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Spotti D, Slaviero G, La Rocca E, Cantaluppi A, Castelnovo C, Micossi P, Quartagno R, Melandri M, Pozza G, Ponticelli C. Intermediary metabolism and glycemic control in insulin-dependent diabetic uremic patients treated by continuous peritoneal dialysis. Nephron Clin Pract 1988; 49:219-22. [PMID: 3041295 DOI: 10.1159/000185058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect on metabolic control and on intermediate metabolism of continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) was evaluated in 6 insulin-dependent diabetic uremic patients treated by CAPD, in 6 nondiabetic uremic patients in CAPD and in 6 normal subjects. During the study, 4 dialysis exchanges with 1.36 g/dl dextrose concentration were performed daily; regular insulin was added to the bags in diabetic patients. Our data show a well-controlled mean blood glucose in CAPD diabetic patients by intraperitoneal insulin administration as well as higher insulinemic levels in comparison with those of normal subjects. Plasma lactate and serum glycerol levels were higher and butyrate levels were lower reflecting a continuous ketogenesis inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Spotti
- Istituto Scientifico H. San Raffaele, Università, di Milano, Italia
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Rivolta E, De Vecchi A, Tarantino A, Castelnovo C, Berardinelli L, Ponticelli C. Prognostic significance of hepatitis B surface antigenemia in cadaveric renal transplant patients. Transplant Proc 1987; 19:2153-4. [PMID: 3274481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- E Rivolta
- Division of Nephrology, Ospedale Maggiore, Milan, Italy
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