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Narod SA, Metcalfe K, Finch A, Chan AW, Armel SR, Aeilts A, Eisen A, Karlan B, Bordeleau L, Tung N, Foulkes WD, Neuhausen SL, Eng C, Olopade O, Zakalik D, Couch F, Cullinane C, Pal T, Sun P, Kotsopoulos J. The risk of skin cancer in women who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Hered Cancer Clin Pract 2024; 22:7. [PMID: 38741145 DOI: 10.1186/s13053-024-00277-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has not been clearly established if skin cancer or melanoma are manifestations of BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutation carrier status. Estimating the risk of skin cancer is an important step towards developing screening recommendations. METHODS We report the findings of a prospective cohort study of 6,207 women from North America who carry BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. Women were followed from the date of baseline questionnaire to the diagnosis of skin cancer, to age 80 years, death from any cause, or the date of last follow-up. RESULTS During the mean follow-up period of eight years, 3.7% of women with a BRCA1 mutation (133 of 3,623) and 3.8% of women with a BRCA2 mutation (99 of 2,584) reported a diagnosis of skin cancer (including both keratinocyte carcinomas and melanoma). The cumulative risk of all types of skin cancer from age 20 to 80 years was 14.1% for BRCA1 carriers and 10.7% for BRCA2 carriers. The cumulative risk of melanoma was 2.5% for BRCA1 carriers and 2.3% for BRCA2 carriers, compared to 1.5% for women in the general population in the United States. The strongest risk factor for skin cancer was a prior diagnosis of skin cancer. CONCLUSION The risk of non-melanoma skin cancer in women who carry a mutation in BRCA1 or BRCA2 is similar to that of non-carrier women. The risk of melanoma appears to be slightly elevated. We suggest that a referral to a dermatologist or primary care provider for BRCA mutation carriers for annual skin examination and counselling regarding limiting UV exposure, the use of sunscreen and recognizing the early signs of melanoma might be warranted, but further studies are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Narod
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada.
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Kelly Metcalfe
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amy Finch
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - An-Wen Chan
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Division of Dermatology, Department of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Susan Randall Armel
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Familial Cancer Clinic, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Division of Human Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, the Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus, OH, USA
| | | | - Beth Karlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Louise Bordeleau
- Department of Oncology, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nadine Tung
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - William D Foulkes
- Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology and Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Susan L Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Olufunmilayo Olopade
- Department of Medicine and Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dana Zakalik
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, MI, USA
| | - Fergus Couch
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tuya Pal
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre and Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ping Sun
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women's College Research Institute, Women's College Hospital, 76 Grenville St, M5S 1B1, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Lubinski J, Kotsopoulos J, Moller P, Pal T, Eisen A, Peck L, Karlan BY, Aeilts A, Eng C, Bordeleau L, Foulkes WD, Tung N, Couch FJ, Fruscio R, Ramon y Cajal T, Singer CF, Neuhausen SL, Zakalik D, Cybulski C, Gronwald J, Huzarski T, Stempa K, Dungan J, Cullinane C, Olopade OI, Metcalfe K, Sun P, Narod SA. MRI Surveillance and Breast Cancer Mortality in Women With BRCA1 and BRCA2 Sequence Variations. JAMA Oncol 2024; 10:493-499. [PMID: 38421676 PMCID: PMC10905376 DOI: 10.1001/jamaoncol.2023.6944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Importance Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) surveillance is offered to women with a pathogenic variant in the BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene who face a high lifetime risk of breast cancer. Surveillance with MRI is effective in downstaging breast cancers, but the association of MRI surveillance with mortality risk has not been well defined. Objective To compare breast cancer mortality rates in women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 sequence variation who entered an MRI surveillance program with those who did not. Design, Setting, and Participants Women with a BRCA1 or BRCA2 sequence variation were identified from 59 participating centers in 11 countries. Participants completed a baseline questionnaire between 1995 and 2015 and a follow-up questionnaire every 2 years to document screening histories, incident cancers, and vital status. Women who had breast cancer, a screening MRI examination, or bilateral mastectomy prior to enrollment were excluded. Participants were followed up from age 30 years (or the date of the baseline questionnaire, whichever was later) until age 75 years, the last follow-up, or death from breast cancer. Data were analyzed from January 1 to July 31, 2023. Exposures Entrance into an MRI surveillance program. Main Outcomes and Measures Cox proportional hazards modeling was used to estimate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs for breast cancer mortality associated with MRI surveillance compared with no MRI surveillance using a time-dependent analysis. Results A total of 2488 women (mean [range] age at study entry 41.2 [30-69] years), with a sequence variation in the BRCA1 (n = 2004) or BRCA2 (n = 484) genes were included in the analysis. Of these participants, 1756 (70.6%) had at least 1 screening MRI examination and 732 women (29.4%) did not. After a mean follow-up of 9.2 years, 344 women (13.8%) developed breast cancer and 35 women (1.4%) died of breast cancer. The age-adjusted HRs for breast cancer mortality associated with entering an MRI surveillance program were 0.20 (95% CI, 0.10-0.43; P < .001) for women with BRCA1 sequence variations and 0.87 (95% CI, 0.10-17.25; P = .93) for women with BRCA2 sequence variations. Conclusion and Relevance Results of this cohort study suggest that among women with a BRCA1 sequence variation, MRI surveillance was associated with a significant reduction in breast cancer mortality compared with no MRI surveillance. Further studies of women with BRCA2 sequence variations are needed to ascertain these women obtain the same benefits associated with MRI surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Lubinski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Joanne Kotsopoulos
- Women’s College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pal Moller
- Institute of Cancer Research, Department of Tumour Biology, The Norwegian Radium Hospital, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tuya Pal
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Andrea Eisen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Odette Cancer Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Larissa Peck
- Bhalwani Familial Cancer Clinic, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Beth Y. Karlan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amber Aeilts
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, Division of Human Genetics, The Ohio State University Medical Center, Columbus
| | - Charis Eng
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Center for Personalized Genetic Healthcare, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Louise Bordeleau
- Department of Oncology, Juravinski Cancer Centre, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - William D. Foulkes
- McGill Program in Cancer Genetics, Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Nadine Tung
- Cancer Risk and Prevention Program, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Division of Experimental Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert Fruscio
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, IRCCS San Gerardo, Monza, Italy
| | | | - Christian F. Singer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Division of Biomarkers of Early Detection and Prevention, City of Hope, Duarte, California
| | - Dana Zakalik
- Cancer Genetics Program, Beaumont Hospital, Royal Oak, Michigan
| | - Cezary Cybulski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Jacek Gronwald
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Huzarski
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Klaudia Stempa
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Metcalfe
- International Hereditary Cancer Center, Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
- Bloomberg School of Nursing, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ping Sun
- Women’s College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven A. Narod
- Women’s College Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Cullinane C, Brett A, Devane L, McCullough PW, Cooke F, Neary P. The protective role of phosphodiesterase inhibitors in preventing colorectal cancer and advanced colorectal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Colorectal Dis 2023; 25:1949-1959. [PMID: 37635321 DOI: 10.1111/codi.16724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Inflammatory cells within the tumour microenvironment are the driving forces behind colorectal cancer (CRC) tumourigenesis. Understanding the different pathways involved in CRC carcinogenesis paves the way for effective repurposing of drugs for cancer prevention. Emerging data from preclinical and clinical studies suggest that, due to their antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory properties, phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors (PDE5i) might have an anticancer effect. The aim of this study was to clarify through systematic review and meta-analysis of published peer-reviewed studies whether an association exists between PDE5i use and CRC risk. METHOD This study was guided by the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis guidelines. Prospective registration was performed on PROSPERO (CRD42022372925). A systematic review was performed for studies reporting CRC and advanced colorectal polyp incidence in PDE5i 'ever-users' and PDE5i 'never-users'. Meta-analysis was performed using RevMan version 5. RESULTS Four observational cohort studies and two case-control studies, comprising 995 242 patients were included in the final analysis, of whom 347 126 were PDE5i ever-users. Patients who were PDE5i ever-users had a significantly lower incidence of CRC or advanced colorectal polyps than never-users (OR 0.88, CI 0.79-0.98, p = 0.02). To examine the primary preventative role of PDE5i, subgroup analysis of four studies including patients without a previous history of CRC found that use of PDE5i was associated with a lower incidence of CRC (OR 0.85, CI 0.75-0.95, p = 0.005, I2 = 64%). There was no significant temporal relationship found between PDE5i use and CRC risk as both current users and previous users had a significantly lower incidence of CRC than never-users. CONCLUSION Our study found a significant anticancer effect of PDE5i, as shown by a reduced risk of CRC in the context of both primary and secondary CRC prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cullinane
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - A Brett
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - L Devane
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - P W McCullough
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - F Cooke
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
| | - P Neary
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Waterford, Waterford, Ireland
- Department of Academic Surgery, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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Nally DM, Lonergan PE, O’Connell EP, McNamara DA, Elwahab SA, Bass G, Burke E, Cagney D, Canas A, Cronin C, Cullinane C, Devane L, Fearon N, Fowler A, Fullard A, Hechtl D, Kelly M, Lenihan J, Murphy E, Neary C, O'Connell R, O'Neill M, Ramkaran C, Troy A, Tully R, White C, Yadav H. Increasing the use of perioperative risk scoring in emergency laparotomy: nationwide quality improvement programme. BJS Open 2022; 6:6649489. [PMID: 35876188 PMCID: PMC9309802 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zrac092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Emergency laparotomy is associated with high morbidity and mortality. The early identification of high-risk patients allows for timely perioperative care and appropriate resource allocation. The aim of this study was to develop a nationwide surgical trainee-led quality improvement (QI) programme to increase the use of perioperative risk scoring in emergency laparotomy. Methods The programme was structured using the active implementation framework in 15 state-funded Irish hospitals to guide the staged implementation of perioperative risk scoring. The primary outcome was a recorded preoperative risk score for patients undergoing an emergency laparotomy at each site. Results The rate of patients undergoing emergency laparotomy receiving a perioperative risk score increased from 0–11 per cent during the exploratory phase to 35–100 per cent during the full implementation phase. Crucial factors for implementing changes included an experienced central team providing implementation support, collaborator engagement, and effective communication and social relationships. Conclusions A trainee-led QI programme increased the use of perioperative risk assessment in patients undergoing emergency laparotomy, with the potential to improve patient outcomes and care delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deirdre M Nally
- Department of Surgical Affairs, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
| | - Peter E Lonergan
- National Clinical Programme in Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Urology, St. James’s Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Trinity College , Dublin , Ireland
| | | | - Deborah A McNamara
- National Clinical Programme in Surgery, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland , Dublin , Ireland
- Department of Surgery, Beaumont Hospital , Dublin , Ireland
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Kelly O, Balasubramanian I, Cullinane C, Prichard R. 1443 Comparison of Outcomes Between Immediate Direct-to-Implant Breast Reconstruction versus Two-Stage Implant Breast Reconstruction; a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab259.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Direct-to-implant (DTI) breast reconstruction is increasingly performed as the preferred method of immediate breast reconstruction following mastectomy. The proposed advantages of DTI over two-stage tissue expander (TE)/implant reconstruction relate to fewer surgical procedures. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of DTI versus conventional TE/implant breast reconstruction.
Method
A systematic review was performed (PubMed, Embase, Scopus) to identify relevant studies that compared outcomes between DTI and TE/Implant reconstructions. Publications up to October 2020 were included. The primary outcome was overall complication rate. Secondary outcomes included infection rate and implant loss.
Results
Nineteen studies, including 32,971 implant-based breast reconstructions, were analysed. Median age was 48 years. Mean BMI was 25.9. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. Duration of follow up ranged from 1-60 months. Overall complications were significantly more likely to occur in the DTI group (OR 1.81 [1.17-2.79]). Overall complications refers to all reported complications including seroma, haematoma, would dehiscence, infection, skin necrosis and capsular contracture. Implant loss was also significantly higher in the DTI cohort (OR 1.31 [1.12-1.78]). There was no significant difference in infection rates between the two groups. Subgroup analyses, focusing on high-powered multicentre studies showed that the risks of overall complications were significantly higher in the DTI group (OR 1.51 [1.06-2.14]).
Conclusions
This meta-analysis demonstrates significantly greater risk of complications and implant loss in the DTI breast reconstruction group. These findings serve to aid both patients and clinicians in the decision-making process regarding implant reconstruction following mastectomy
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Affiliation(s)
- O Kelly
- St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - C Cullinane
- St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - R Prichard
- St Vincent’s University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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Fleming CA, Cullinane C, Lynch N, Killeen S, Coffey JC, Peirce CB. Urogenital function following robotic and laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery: meta-analysis. Br J Surg 2021; 108:128-137. [PMID: 33711141 DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znaa067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixed results are reported on clinical and cancer outcomes in laparoscopic rectal cancer surgery (LRCS) compared with robotic rectal cancer surgery (RRCS). However, more favourable functional outcomes are reported following RRCS. This study compared urinary and sexual function following RRCS and LRCS in male and female patients. METHODS A systematic review and meta-analysis of urinary and sexual function after RRCS and LRCS was performed following PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines, and registered prospectively with PROSPERO (ID:CRD42020164285). The functional outcome reporting tools most commonly included: the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS), International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) and Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI). Mean scores and changes in mean scores from baseline were analysed using RevMan version 5.3. RESULTS Ten studies were included reporting on 1286 patients. Some 672 patients underwent LRCS, of whom 380 (56.5 per cent) were men and 116 (17.3 per cent) were women (gender not specified in 176 patients, 26.2 per cent). A total of 614 patients underwent RRCS, of whom 356 (58.0 per cent) were men and 83 (13.5 per cent) were women (gender not specified in 175 patients, 28.5 per cent). Regarding urinary function in men at 6 months after surgery, IPSS scores were significantly better in the RRCS group than in the LRCS group (mean difference (MD) -1.36, 95 per cent c.i. -2.31 to -0.40; P = 0.005), a trend that persisted at 12 months (MD -1.08, -1.85 to -0.30; P = 0.007). ΔIIEF scores significantly favoured RRCS at 6 months [MD -3.11 (95%CI -5.77, -0.44) P <0.021] and 12 months [MD -2.76 (95%CI -3.63, -1.88) P <0.001] post-operatively. Mixed urinary and sexual function outcomes were reported for women. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis identified more favourable urinary and erectile function in men who undergo robotic compared with conventional laparoscopic surgery for rectal cancer. Outcomes in women did not identify a consistently more favourable outcome in either group. As robotic rectal cancer surgery may offer more favourable functional outcomes it should be considered and discussed with patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Fleming
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C Cullinane
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - N Lynch
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - S Killeen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - J C Coffey
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Centre for Interventions in Infection, Inflammation and Immunity, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - C B Peirce
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, University Hospital Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
- Graduate Entry Medical School, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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Cullinane C, Khawaja F, O’Leary D, Kelly L, O’Sullivan M, Corrigan M, Redmond H. Circulating tumour DNA as a prognostic biomarker in predicting breast cancer outcomes: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(20)30792-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singla R, Wall D, Anderson S, Zia N, Korte J, Kravets L, McKiernan G, Butler J, Gammilonghi A, Arora J, Wright M, Solomon B, Hicks R, Cain T, Darcy P, Cullinane C, Neeson P, Ramanathan R, Shukla R, Bansal V, Harrison S. First in Human Study of In-vivo Imaging of Ex-Vivo Labelled CAR T Cells with Dual PET-MR. Cytotherapy 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2020.04.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Ma M, Imberti C, Cullinane C, Roselt P, Hicks R, Blower P. Enhancing PET signal at target tissue in vivo: dendritic hydroxypyridinone peptide conjugates for molecular imaging with gallium-68. Nucl Med Biol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0969-8051(19)30222-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Gray PN, Tsai P, Chen D, Wu S, Hoo J, Mu W, Li B, Vuong H, Lu HM, Batth N, Willett S, Uyeda L, Shah S, Gau CL, Umali M, Espenschied C, Janicek M, Brown S, Margileth D, Dobrea L, Wagman L, Rana H, Hall MJ, Ross T, Terdiman J, Cullinane C, Ries S, Totten E, Elliott AM. TumorNext-Lynch-MMR: a comprehensive next generation sequencing assay for the detection of germline and somatic mutations in genes associated with mismatch repair deficiency and Lynch syndrome. Oncotarget 2018; 9:20304-20322. [PMID: 29755653 PMCID: PMC5945525 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.24854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current algorithm for Lynch syndrome diagnosis is highly complex with multiple steps which can result in an extended time to diagnosis while depleting precious tumor specimens. Here we describe the analytical validation of a custom probe-based NGS tumor panel, TumorNext-Lynch-MMR, which generates a comprehensive genetic profile of both germline and somatic mutations that can accelerate and streamline the time to diagnosis and preserve specimen. TumorNext-Lynch-MMR can detect single nucleotide variants, small insertions and deletions in 39 genes that are frequently mutated in Lynch syndrome and colorectal cancer. Moreover, the panel provides microsatellite instability status and detects loss of heterozygosity in the five Lynch genes; MSH2, MSH6, MLH1, PMS2 and EPCAM. Clinical cases are described that highlight the assays ability to differentiate between somatic and germline mutations, precisely classify variants and resolve discordant cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip N Gray
- Advanced Genomic Services, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Pei Tsai
- Advanced Genomic Services, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Daniel Chen
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Sitao Wu
- Bioinformatics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Jayne Hoo
- Bioinformatics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Wenbo Mu
- Bioinformatics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Bing Li
- Bioinformatics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Huy Vuong
- Bioinformatics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Hsiao-Mei Lu
- Bioinformatics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Navanjot Batth
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Sara Willett
- Advanced Genomic Services, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Lisa Uyeda
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Swati Shah
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Chia-Ling Gau
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Monalyn Umali
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Carin Espenschied
- Clinical Diagnostics Department, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
| | - Mike Janicek
- Cancer Genetic Risk Assessment Program, Arizona Oncology, Scottsdale, AZ 85258, USA
| | - Sandra Brown
- Cancer Genetics Program, Saint Joseph of Orange, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - David Margileth
- Cancer Genetics Program, Saint Joseph of Orange, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Lavinia Dobrea
- Oncology Research and Biospecimen Program, Saint Joseph of Orange, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Lawrence Wagman
- The Center for Cancer Prevention and Treatment, Saint Joseph of Orange, Orange, CA 92868, USA
| | - Huma Rana
- Department of Medical Oncology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA 02461, USA
| | - Michael J Hall
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia PA 19111, USA
| | - Theodora Ross
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Jonathan Terdiman
- Department of Medicine - Gastroenterology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94115, USA
| | - Carey Cullinane
- Department of Pathology, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90801, USA
| | - Savita Ries
- Department of Pathology, Long Beach Memorial Medical Center, Long Beach, CA 90801, USA
| | - Ellen Totten
- Advocate Medical Group, Park Ridge, Illinois 60068, USA
| | - Aaron M Elliott
- Advanced Genomic Services, Ambry Genetics, Aliso Viejo, CA 92656, USA
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11
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Michael M, Liauw W, McLachlan SA, Link E, Matera A, Thompson M, Jefford M, Hicks R, Cullinane C, Campbell I, Beale P, Karapetis C, Price T, Burge M. Hepatic functional imaging and genomics to predict irinotecan pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics: The PREDICT IR study. Ann Oncol 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdx367.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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12
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Cox P, Marton T, Hargitai B, Coetzee A, Bowen C, Penman D, Evans M, Gannon C, French P, Cohen M, Holden S, Allotey J, Evans C, Murphy A, Turner K, Cullinane C, Stahlschmidt J, Kokai G, Al Adnani M, Marnerides A, Vadgama B, McPartland J. Re: Stillbirth collection by Man et al. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017; 49:281-282. [PMID: 28169497 DOI: 10.1002/uog.17380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- P Cox
- Perinatal Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - T Marton
- Perinatal Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - B Hargitai
- Perinatal Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - A Coetzee
- Perinatal Pathology, Birmingham Women's Hospital, Mindelsohn Way, Birmingham, B15 2TG, UK
| | - C Bowen
- Paediatric Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Penman
- Paediatric Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Evans
- Perinatal Pathology, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Gannon
- Perinatal Pathologist, Bangor, Northern, Ireland
| | - P French
- Paediatric Pathology, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - M Cohen
- Pathology, Sheffield Children's Hospital NHS Trust, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Holden
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - J Allotey
- Paediatric Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - C Evans
- Paediatric Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - A Murphy
- Paediatric Pathology, Queen's Medical Centre, Nottingham, UK
| | - K Turner
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, St James University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - C Cullinane
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, St James University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - J Stahlschmidt
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, St James University Hospital, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - G Kokai
- Paediatric Pathology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Al Adnani
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - A Marnerides
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
| | - B Vadgama
- Paediatric & Perinatal Pathology, Southampton General Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - J McPartland
- Paediatric Pathology, Alder Hey Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
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13
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Au-Yeung G, Lang F, Mitchell C, Jarman K, Lackovic K, Cullinane C, Mileshkin L, Rischin D, Etemadmoghadam D, Bowtell D. 1PD A high throughput compound screen identifies potential combinations to overcome resistance to Cdk2 inhibitors in Cyclin E1 amplified high grade serous ovarian cancer. Ann Oncol 2015. [DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdv517.01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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14
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Pearson R, Devlin J, Hannan K, Hein N, Bywater M, Drygin D, O’Brien S, Cullinane C, McArthur G, Hannan R. 707: Multi-point targeting of the synthetic lethal interactions between Myc, ribosome biogenesis and ribosome function cooperates to treat B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50625-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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15
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Cullinane C, McVeigh J, Sheehy C, Irundaj B. FRI0569-HPR The Effectiveness of Education and Aerobic Exercise in Higher Functioning Patients with Fibromyalgia: an Evaluation of A New Service. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.2931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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16
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Kelleher MM, DunnGalvin A, Sheikh A, Cullinane C, Fitzsimons J, Hourihane JO. Twenty four-hour helpline access to expert management advice for food-allergy-triggered anaphylaxis in infants, children and young people: a pragmatic, randomized controlled trial. Allergy 2013; 68:1598-604. [PMID: 24410783 DOI: 10.1111/all.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anaphylaxis is a life-threatening emergency. If promptly administered, adrenaline is potentially life-saving. Many food-allergic-children/carers are unsure when to use their adrenaline autoinjectors, contributing to a low quality of life and worse outcomes in the setting of an acute allergic reaction. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the effectiveness of 24-hour telephone access to specialist clinical advice on disease-specific quality of life. METHODS A pragmatic two-arm, parallel-group randomized control trial was conducted. Children/carers (<16 years) with food allergy, trained in adrenaline auto-injector use, were recruited from a hospital-based paediatric allergy clinic. Baseline disease-specific quality of life was ascertained using the validated Food-Allergy-Related Quality-of-Life Questionnaire (FAQLQ), either Parent Form, Child Form or Teenager Form depending on child's age. Participants were then centrally randomized for a 6-month period to 24-hour telephone specialist support line or to usual care. The primary outcome measure was a change in FAQL scores, at one and 6 months postrandomization, compared with baseline. The minimum clinically important difference (MCID) in score is 0.5. RESULTS Fifty two children/carers were recruited. FAQL scores remained static in the control group across the three time points. Scores gradually improved in the intervention group, with a significant difference seen at 6 months (T1-T3 Mean difference = -1.5, (CI 0.87-2.25) P < 0.005] Follow-up questionnaires, 6 months after the intervention was removed, T4, showed sustained significant difference between the groups (control M = 3.0; intervention M = 1.1[t = -4.113, P < 0.05]). CONCLUSION The 24-hour helpline improved food-allergy-specific quality of life in children. Six-month intervention support resulted in sustained benefits for at least a further 6 months.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. M. Kelleher
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - A. DunnGalvin
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - A. Sheikh
- Allergy & Respiratory Research Group; Centre for Population Health Sciences; The University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh UK
- Division of General Internal Medicine and Primary Care; Brigham and Women's Hospital/Harvard Medical School; USA
| | - C. Cullinane
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
| | - J. Fitzsimons
- Department of Paediatrics; Our Lady of Lourdes Hospital; Drogheda Co Louth Ireland
| | - J. O'B. Hourihane
- Department of Paediatrics & Child Health; University College Cork; Cork Ireland
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17
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Kohler J, Rubie H, Castel V, Beiske K, Holmes K, Gambini C, Casale F, Munzer C, Erminio G, Parodi S, Navarro S, Marquez C, Peuchmaur M, Cullinane C, Brock P, Valteau-Couanet D, Garaventa A, Haupt R. Treatment of children over the age of one year with unresectable localised neuroblastoma without MYCN amplification: Results of the SIOPEN study. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3671-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 06/06/2013] [Accepted: 07/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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18
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Cullinane C, O'Mahony O, Lundberg M, Borres M, Hourihane J. Irish Spina Bifida Patients Have a Very Low Prevalence of Latex Allergy and Latex Sensitisation. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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19
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DunnGalvin A, Cullinane C, Daly DA, Flokstra-de Blok BMJ, Dubois AEJ, Hourihane JO. Longitudinal validity and responsiveness of the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire - Parent Form in children 0-12 years following positive and negative food challenges. Clin Exp Allergy 2010; 40:476-85. [PMID: 20210816 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2222.2010.03454.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are no published studies of longitudinal health-related quality of life (HRQL) assessments of food-allergic children using a disease-specific measure. OBJECTIVE This study assessed the longitudinal measurement properties of the Food Allergy Quality of Life Questionnaire - Parent Form (FAQLQ-PF) in a sample of children undergoing food challenge. METHODS Parents of children 0-12 years completed the FAQLQ-PF and the Food Allergy Independent Measure (FAIM) pre-challenge and at 2 and 6 months post food challenge. In order to evaluate longitudinal validity, differences between Group A (positive challenge) and Group B (negative challenge) were expected over time. We computed correlation coefficients between change scores in the FAQLQ-PF and change scores in the FAIM. To determine the minimally important difference (MID), we used distributional criterion and effect size approaches. A logistic regression model profiled those children falling below this point. RESULTS Eighty-two children underwent a challenge (42 positive; 40 negative). Domains and total score improved significantly at pos-challenge time-points for both groups (all P<0.05). Sensitivity was demonstrated by significant differences between positive and negative groups at 6 months [F(2, 59)=6.221, P<0.003] and by differing improvement on relevant subscales (P<0.05). MID was 0.45 on a seven-point response scale. Poorer quality of life at baseline increased the odds by over 2.0 of no improvement in HRQL scores 6-month time-point. General maternal health (OR 1.252), number of foods avoided (OR 1.369) and children >9 years (OR 1.173) were also predictors. The model correctly identified 84% of cases below MID. CONCLUSION The FAQLQ-PF is sensitive to change, and has excellent longitudinal reliability and validity in a food-allergic patient population. The standard error of measurement value of 0.5 points as a threshold for meaningful change in HRQL questionnaires was confirmed. The FAQLQ-PF may be used to identify problems in children, to assess the effectiveness of clinical trials or interventions, and to guide the development of regulatory policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- A DunnGalvin
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, Clinical Investigation Unit, Cork University Hospital, University College, Cork, Ireland.
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20
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Azad A, Natoli A, Jackson S, Maira S, Hackl W, Cullinane C, McArthur G, Solomon B. 87 BEZ235, a dual PI3K/mTORC inhibitor, targets the DNA damage response leading to radiosensitization and senescence. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71792-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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21
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Hannan R, Bywater M, Poortinga G, Cullinane C, Stanley K, Walker R, Drygin D, Anderes K, Pearson R, McArthur G. 633 The contribution of dysregulated ribosomal gene transcription to malignant transformation. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71433-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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22
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Cullinane C, Turner MJ, Ryan K, Stronce JM, Kelehan P. Correspondence. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2009. [DOI: 10.3109/01443619009151211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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23
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Michael M, Booth RJ, Milner A, Hatzamihallis A, Francis P, Clarke SJ, Schlict S, Cullinane C. The utility of a specific hepatic CYP-3A4 probe (C 14-Erythromycin breath test [EBT]) versus the general CYP-P450 probe (antipyrine clearance [ACL] test), for the prediction of docetaxel (D) pharmacokinetics (PK). J Clin Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2009.27.15_suppl.2523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
2523 Background: BSA-based cytotoxic dosing does not account for the individual variability in drug disposition. In the case of D, CYP 3A4 probes such as the EBT have been assessed to individualise dosing, but inconsistently. This report is the first study comparing the EBT directly with the widely available general P450 probe, the ACL test, for the prediction of D PK when given either q 21 days or weekly. Methods: Patients (pts) with pre-treated advanced malignancy suitable for D therapy, Se bilirubin≤1.0xUNL, AST≤1.5xUNL & ALP≤2.5xUNL, were entered. Prior to D therapy, pts underwent EBT and ACL test. Pts were given IV 14C N-methyl-erythromycin and exhaled breath samples were captured for 14CO2 from 5–120 mins post. The EBT parameters determined: 14CO2 flux at 10 min (CO2f10), & 20 min (CO2f20), (iii) terminal rate constant kCO2 (iv) AUCCO2,(0-∞) & AUCCO2,(0–60). For the ACL test, pts was given oral antipyrine 10mg/kg, blood samples were collected from 0, 4 & 24 hrs post, and serum levels measured: ACL was calculated as per Farrell et al.(Br J Clin Pharmacol 18:559). D was given 75mg/m2 q21 days or 35mg/m2 weekly. Samples taken for D PK in course 1 day 1, parameters included: half life (tD1/2), & clearance (CLD). Correlations were sought between EBT parameters, ACL values and D PK parameters. Results: 20 pts accrued, M:F= 12:8, Median age= 65. Mean BSA = 1.77m2 (1.44–2.07). D q21 days:D weekly= 13:7. EBT parameters (N= 19) (Mean, [CV%]): CO2f10 (%/min) 0.051 (106), CO2f20 0.052 (82), kCO2 (min- 1) 0.007 (22), AUCCO2,(0-∞) 7.9 (85), AUCCO2,(0–60) 2.64 (81). ACL (N=19) (ml/min); 35.8 (37). No significant differences observed for EBT parameters and ACL between the q21 days vs weekly dosing. D PK parameters (N=19): CLD (l/hr) 57.2 (36), tD1/2 (hrs) 12.7 (33). No correlations were observed between the D PK and EMBT parameters for all pts and regardless of the regimen given. For D weekly pts, a significant linear relationship was observed between CLD and ACL (P =0.007, R2= 79.47%). Conclusions: The utility of EBT for the prediction of D PK was not confirmed in this study. The Antipyrine Clearance test may be superior in this regard for D, but regimen dependent and hence warrants further evaluation. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Michael
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - R. J. Booth
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Milner
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - A. Hatzamihallis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - P. Francis
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. J. Clarke
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - S. Schlict
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - C. Cullinane
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
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Abstract
Lobar emphysema in the neonate is usually congenital, resulting from cartilage deficiency causing bronchomalacia and distal air trapping. Acquired forms are usually associated with chronic lung disease or endobronchial obstruction such as mucus plugging. We report a pedunculated endobronchial polyp in a 2-month old ex-premature infant causing intermittent hyperinflation of the right middle lobe. The polyp was seen prolapsing in and out of the bronchus intermedius at bronchoscopy. Possible aetiological links with mechanical ventilation are discussed. We also emphasise the value of bronchoscopy prior to lobectomy in cases of congenital lobar emphysema (CLE).
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Affiliation(s)
- E Clubley
- Department of Paediatrics, Huddersfield Royal Infirmary, Huddersfield, UK
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25
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Łastowska M, Viprey V, Santibanez-Koref M, Wappler I, Peters H, Cullinane C, Roberts P, Hall AG, Tweddle DA, Pearson ADJ, Lewis I, Burchill SA, Jackson MS. Identification of candidate genes involved in neuroblastoma progression by combining genomic and expression microarrays with survival data. Oncogene 2007; 26:7432-44. [PMID: 17533364 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Identifying genes, whose expression is consistently altered by chromosomal gains or losses, is an important step in defining genes of biological relevance in a wide variety of tumour types. However, additional criteria are needed to discriminate further among the large number of candidate genes identified. This is particularly true for neuroblastoma, where multiple genomic copy number changes of proven prognostic value exist. We have used Affymetrix microarrays and a combination of fluorescent in situ hybridization and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarrays to establish expression profiles and delineate copy number alterations in 30 primary neuroblastomas. Correlation of microarray data with patient survival and analysis of expression within rodent neuroblastoma cell lines were then used to define further genes likely to be involved in the disease process. Using this approach, we identify >1000 genes within eight recurrent genomic alterations (loss of 1p, 3p, 4p, 10q and 11q, 2p gain, 17q gain, and the MYCN amplicon) whose expression is consistently altered by copy number change. Of these, 84 correlate with patient survival, with the minimal regions of 17q gain and 4p loss being enriched significantly for such genes. These include genes involved in RNA and DNA metabolism, and apoptosis. Orthologues of all but one of these genes on 17q are overexpressed in rodent neuroblastoma cell lines. A significant excess of SNPs whose copy number correlates with survival is also observed on proximal 4p in stage 4 tumours, and we find that deletion of 4p is associated with improved outcome in an extended cohort of tumours. These results define the major impact of genomic copy number alterations upon transcription within neuroblastoma, and highlight genes on distal 17q and proximal 4p for downstream analyses. They also suggest that integration of discriminators, such as survival and comparative gene expression, with microarray data may be useful in the identification of critical genes within regions of loss or gain in many human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Łastowska
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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26
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McArthur GA, Raleigh J, Blasina A, Cullinane C, Dorow D, Conus N, Hicks RJ, Kornmann J, Chen E, McCarthy TJ, Anderes K. Imaging with FLT-PET demonstrates that PF-477736, an inhibitor of CHK1 kinase, overcomes a cell cycle checkpoint induced by gemcitabine in PC-3 xenografts. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.3045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
3045 Background: The development of strategies to monitor the molecular and cellular response to novel agents that target the cell cycle is vital to provide proof of mechanism and biological activity of these compounds. The protein kinase CHK1 is activated following DNA damage in the S and G2-phases of the cell cycle and mediates cell cycle arrest. In vitro studies demonstrate that inhibition of CHK1 can overcome cell cycle arrest induced by DNA damage and enhance cytotoxic activity of DNA damaging agents. In vivo studies show that combining DNA damaging agents with a CHK1 inhibitor potentiates antitumor activity. We hypothesize that functional imaging with 18F-fluorine-L-thymidine (FLT), a PET-tracer where tumor uptake is maximal in the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle can be used to non-invasively monitor the induction and therapeutic inhibition of a cell cycle checkpoint in vivo. Methods: Nude mice harbouring PC-3 xenografts were treated with vehicle controls, gemcitabine, the CHK1-inhibitor PF-477736 or gemcitabine + PF-477736. FLT-PET scans were performed and tumors harvested for ex-vivo biomarkers to assess S-phase, M-phase and DNA-repair. Results: Gemcitabine induced a 8.3 ±0.8 fold increase in tumoral uptake of FLT at 21 hours that correlated with a 3.3 ±0.2-fold increase in thymidine kinase activity and S-phase arrest as demonstrated by BrdU incorporation and elevated expression of cyclin-A. Treatment with PF-477736 at 17 hours after gemcitabine abrogated the early FLT-flare at 21 hours by 82% (p<0.001). This was associated with both an increased fraction of cells in mitosis and G1-phase of the cell cycle as determined by phos-histone H3 and flow cytometry. Furthermore, the combination of gemcitabine and PF-477736 enhanced DNA damage as measured by phos-gamma-H2AX and significantly delayed tumor growth when compared to tumors treated with gemcitabine alone. Conclusion: These data clearly indicate that the CHK1-inhibitor PF-477736 can overcome the cell cycle checkpoint induced by gemcitabine and increase associated DNA damage in tumors in-vivo. The PET studies indicate that functional imaging with FLT-PET is a promising strategy to monitor responses to therapeutic agents that target cell cycle checkpoints. [Table: see text]
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Affiliation(s)
- G. A. McArthur
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - J. Raleigh
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - A. Blasina
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - C. Cullinane
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - D. Dorow
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - N. Conus
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - R. J. Hicks
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - J. Kornmann
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - E. Chen
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - T. J. McCarthy
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
| | - K. Anderes
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia; Pfizer Oncology, La Jolla, CA; Pfizer Global Clinical Technology, Groton, CT
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27
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Cullinane C. Marking Improvements in the Treatment of Gastric Cancer - Where Do We Go from Here? Cancer Invest 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/cnv-200058901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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28
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Blitzer JB, Mc Connell D, Cullinane C, Grant S, Asciuto T, Shbeeb I, Sommers B, Jacobs C, Davis S, Byczynski K, Nagourney R. Assay directed chemotherapy in advanced solid tumors: A phase II trial. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.9692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- J. B. Blitzer
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - D. Mc Connell
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - C. Cullinane
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - S. Grant
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - T. Asciuto
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - I. Shbeeb
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - B. Sommers
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - C. Jacobs
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - S. Davis
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - K. Byczynski
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
| | - R. Nagourney
- Malcolm C. Todd Cancer Institute, Long Beach, CA; Rational Therapeutics, Long Beach, CA
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Ferrell BR, Chu DZJ, Wagman L, Juarez G, Borneman T, Cullinane C, McCahill LE. Online exclusive: patient and surgeon decision making regarding surgery for advanced cancer. Oncol Nurs Forum 2003; 30:E106-14. [PMID: 14603362 DOI: 10.1188/03.onf.e106-e114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To describe a program of research related to outcomes of palliative surgery and focus on one phase of this research involving decision making by patients and surgeons considering surgery for advanced disease. DESIGN Descriptive. SAMPLE 10 patients undergoing surgery and 3 oncology surgeons. METHODS Qualitative interviews were conducted with patients and their surgeons pre- and postoperatively. Transcripts were content analyzed to identify major themes in patient and surgeon interviews based on study questions. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Decision making, palliative surgery, quality of life. FINDINGS The study findings highlight the issues of greatest concern to patients and surgeons considering palliative surgery. This phase was an important component of the overall program of palliative surgery research. CONCLUSIONS Comprehensive care for patients with advanced cancer seeks to achieve a balance of providing aggressive care, ensuring optimum symptom management, and maintaining a focus on comfort. Further study of palliative surgery as an aspect of interdisciplinary care is warranted. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Patients undergoing surgery for advanced disease require expert nursing care to address quality-of-life concerns. Further research is needed in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty R Ferrell
- Department of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, CA, USA.
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30
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McCahill LE, Smith DD, Borneman T, Juarez G, Cullinane C, Chu DZJ, Ferrell BR, Wagman LD. A prospective evaluation of palliative outcomes for surgery of advanced malignancies. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10:654-63. [PMID: 12839850 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2003.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We prospectively evaluated the effectiveness of major surgery in treating symptoms of advanced malignancies. METHODS Fifty-nine patients were evaluated for major symptoms of intent to treat and were followed up until death or last clinical evaluation. Surgeons identified planned operations before surgery as either curative or palliative and estimated patient survival time. An independent observer assessed symptom relief. A palliative surgery outcome score was determined for each symptomatic patient. RESULTS Surgeons identified 22 operations (37%) as palliative intent and 37 (63%) as curative intent. The median overall survival time was 14.9 months and did not differ between curative and palliative operations. Surgical morbidity was high but did not differ between palliative (41%) and curative (44%) operations. Thirty-three patients (56%) were symptomatic before surgery, and major symptom resolution was achieved after surgery in 26 (79%) of 33. Good to excellent palliation, defined as a palliative surgery outcome score >70, was achieved in 64% of symptomatic patients. CONCLUSIONS Most symptomatic patients with advanced malignancies undergoing major operations attained good to excellent symptom relief. Outcome measurements other than survival are feasible and can better define the role of surgery in multimodality palliative care. A new outcome measure to evaluate major palliative operations is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurence E McCahill
- Division of Surgical Oncology, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont, USA.
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31
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Abstract
This study describes the symptom experience of women with ovarian cancer. A body of data consisting of 21,806 letters, cards, and e-mails written by ovarian cancer patients was donated to the City of Hope investigators by the founder and editor of Conversations!: The International Newsletter for Those Fighting Ovarian Cancer. Using ethnographic qualitative research procedures, meaningful comments in the data were bracketed and coded within physical, psychological, social, and spiritual domains according to the City of Hope QOL-Ovarian Cancer instrument. Six hundred seventy-seven (677) comments were identified as pertaining to pre- and post-diagnostic symptomatology. Findings, based on major themes derived from the analysis, included distress over delayed diagnoses given the presence of pre-diagnosis symptoms. Frequently described post-diagnosis symptoms included pain, fatigue, gastrointestinal effects, and menstrual and fertility changes. Women demonstrated resourcefulness and optimism by sharing innovative ideas for coping with varied symptoms. Significant attention was dedicated to complementary and alternative therapies, both for symptom management and with curative intent. Findings demonstrate the need to improve diagnostic tests, symptom management, and patient education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betty Ferrell
- Department of Nursing Research and Education, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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32
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Blair SL, Grant M, Chu DZJ, Cullinane C, Dean G, Schwarz RE, Wagman L. Quality of life in patients with colorectal metastasis and intrahepatic chemotherapy. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10:144-9. [PMID: 12620909 DOI: 10.1245/aso.2003.03.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver metastasis from colorectal cancer remains an oncological challenge. Hepatic chemotherapy has been used; however, rigorous quality of life (QOL) measurements are lacking. The aim of this study was to describe unique QOL issues to formulate a specific tool for this population. METHODS A purposive sample was identified of patients treated with intrahepatic chemotherapy. Consenting patients completed a demographic tool and the City of Hope QOL Scale/Cancer Patient survey. An in-depth interview on QOL concerns was conducted, taped, and transcribed verbatim. The data from the interviews were coded to identify recurrent themes. RESULTS Sixteen patients participated. Physical well-being was maintained. Significantly lower subscale scores were noted for psychological, social, and spiritual domains compared with nonpatient norms (City of Hope volunteers; n = 169). Patients found intrahepatic chemotherapy convenient but were unable to pursue vigorous activity, and their sleep habits changed. Psychologically, patients felt reassured to receive specific therapy to their liver. CONCLUSIONS Pilot evaluation of QOL in this population revealed changes in physical, psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions. Both disease- and treatment-specific concerns were identified, and the results provide evidence for items to include in a QOL questionnaire specific to this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Blair
- University of California at San Diego Department of Surgery, UCSD Cancer Center, La Jolla, California 92093, USA.
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33
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Abstract
A new approach for the removal of thymic tissue or any anterior mediastinal pathology is described. It uses a novel low U-shaped skin incision combined with a J-shaped upper mini-sternotomy. This technique was designed to provide wide exposure of the mediastinum and to be cosmetically appealing. Our study included 12 patients, 4 with a preoperative diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. There were no operative mortality and three complications. This procedure allows for complete removal of all thymic tissue under direct vision, and is less invasive that full sternotomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles F Bellows
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University School of Medicine, New Orleans, Louisiana 70122, USA
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34
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Abstract
A 13-month-old girl presented with a large malignant rhabdoid liver tumor that ruptured soon after admission. Six years after an emergency right hepatectomy and subsequent chemotherapy (ifosfamide, vincristine, and actinomycin D), she remains well and disease free. Previously, these rare tumors invariably have been fatal and resistant to multimodal therapy. This is the first report of long-term survival of a patient with a malignant rhabdoid liver tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- K V Ravindra
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, England
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35
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Abstract
The extent and role of mitochondrial DNA damage in the mechanism of action of sulphur mustard (SM) is poorly understood. In this study, a combination of quantitative polymerase chain reaction and Southern hybridization was used to determine the levels of both total DNA adducts and DNA interstrand crosslinks in genomic and mitochondrial DNA isolated from normal human epidermal keratinocytes exposed to SM. The formation of both types of lesions occurred simultaneously in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, however, SM produced significantly higher levels of both total adducts and crosslinks in genomic DNA than mitochondrial DNA. The total lesion frequency was 0.45 lesions/kb per 100 microM SM in the DHFR gene and 0.12 lesions/kb per 100 microM SM in the mitochondrial segment. Interstrand crosslinks occurred at a frequency of 0.28 crosslinks/10 kb per 100 microM SM in the DHFR gene and 0.05 crosslinks/10 kb per 100 microM SM in the mitochondrial segment. DNA interstrand crosslinks are thought to be the critical lesion produced by similar bi-functional alkylating agents. However, the levels of DNA cross-linking revealed in this study show that even at vesicating doses of SM mitochondrial DNA is still largely free of cross-links and the predominant form of DNA damage contributing to cell death occurs in the nucleus.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shahin
- Aeronautical and Maritime Research Laboratory, Defence Science and Technology Organisation, Melbourne 3032, Australia
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36
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Lastowska M, Cullinane C, Variend S, Cotterill S, Bown N, O'Neill S, Mazzocco K, Roberts P, Nicholson J, Ellershaw C, Pearson AD, Jackson MS. Comprehensive genetic and histopathologic study reveals three types of neuroblastoma tumors. J Clin Oncol 2001; 19:3080-90. [PMID: 11408505 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2001.19.12.3080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the relationship between multiple genetic features, tumor morphology, and prognosis in neuroblastoma. PATIENTS AND METHODS The genetic alterations and morphologic features that underpin three histopathologic risk classifications were analyzed in 108 neuroblastoma patients. Tumors were subdivided into four groups based on the three most frequent and prognostically significant genetic alterations (17q gain, 1p deletion, and MYCN amplification), and all other genetic, morphologic, and clinical data were analyzed with respect to these groups. RESULTS Our analyses identify three nonoverlapping tumor types with distinct genetic and morphologic features, defined here as types 1, 2, and 3. Type 1 tumors show none of the three significant genetic alterations and have good prognosis. Both type 2 (17q gain only or 17q gain and 1p del) and type 3 (17q gain, 1p del, and MYCN amplification) tumors progress. However, these tumor types are distinguished clinically by having significantly different median age at diagnosis and median progression-free survival (PFS). Multivariate analysis indicates that 17q gain is the only independent prognostic factor among all genetic, histopathologic, and clinical factors analyzed. Among histopathologic risk systems, the International Neuroblastoma Pathology Classification was the best predictor of PFS. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that specific combinations of genetic changes in neuroblastoma tumors contribute to distinct morphologic and clinical features. Furthermore, the identification of two genetically and morphologically distinct types of progressing tumors suggests that possibilities for different therapeutic regimens should be investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lastowska
- Human Genetics Unit, School of Biochemistry and Genetics, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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37
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Wheate NJ, Cullinane C, Webster LK, Collins JG. Synthesis, cytotoxicity, cell uptake and DNA interstrand cross-linking of 4,4'-dipyrazolylmethane-linked multinuclear platinum anti-cancer complexes. Anticancer Drug Des 2001; 16:91-8. [PMID: 11962517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Two cationic multinuclear platinum complexes linked with the 4,4'-dipyrazolylmethane (dpzm) ligand, trans-[[Pt(NH3)2Cl]2-mu-dpzm]Cl2 (di-Pt) and trans-[trans-[Pt(NH3)2Cl]2[trans-[Pt(NH3)2(mu-dpzm)2]]]Cl4 (tri-Pt), have been synthesized. Both complexes show activity in the murine leukaemia cell line L1210 (IC50 = 3.8 and 2.5 microm, respectively) and the cisplatin-resistant subline L1210/DDP (8.8 and 3.6 microM), and in the human ovarian carcinoma 2008 (2.5 and 17.8 microM) and its cisplatin-resistant subline C13*5 (20.9 and 37.7 microM). Both complexes show high levels of uptake into 2008 cells, when administered at 100 microM, but significantly reduced uptake in the cisplatin-resistant cell line C13*5 (di-Pt, 66% decrease; tri-Pt, 42%; cisplatin, 86%). Both complexes form very high levels of DNA interstrand cross-links in vitro, with 50% interstrand cross-linking observed at far lower concentrations (di-Pt, 12 nM; tri-Pt, 22 nM) than cisplatin (450 nM). It is proposed that the higher extent of interstrand cross-linking may be due to the rigid nature of the dpzm linking ligand, which prevents the complexes from forming short-range intrastrand adducts, like the GpG adduct formed by cisplatin. The results of this study indicate the importance of the flexibility of the linking ligand for the cytotoxicity of di- and trinuclear platinum anti-cancer complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Wheate
- School of Chemistry, University College, University of New South Wales, Australian Defence Force Academy, Canberra
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38
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Abstract
Development of a postoperative seroma is a frequent complication after muscle-sparing thoracotomy. We describe an unusual case of late mediastinal shift in a patient in whom our original plan to perform a limited muscle-sparing thoracotomy was abandoned. The procedure was converted to a standard posterolateral incision to perform a pneumonectomy for a large central carcinoid tumor with extrabronchial extension. Fluid that accumulated in her pneumonectomy space presumably shifted into the dissected tissues of her chest wall, and was then drained repeatedly by her local physician in the time interval between 2 weeks and 3 months after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cullinane
- Department of Surgery, Tulane University Medical School, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA
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39
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George RE, Variend S, Cullinane C, Cotterill SJ, McGuckin AG, Ellershaw C, Lunec J, Pearson AD. Relationship between histopathological features, MYCN amplification, and prognosis: a UKCCSG study. United Kingdom Children Cancer Study Group. Med Pediatr Oncol 2001; 36:169-76. [PMID: 11464876 DOI: 10.1002/1096-911x(20010101)36:1<169::aid-mpo1041>3.0.co;2-u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Histological sections from 231 patients with neuroblastoma were reviewed and morphological features and their relationship to age, stage, MYCN amplification (in 128 tumours by Southern analyses), and clinical outcome (based on Shimada risk grouping) determined. Stage 4 disease was associated with poorly differentiated and undifferentiated tumours (P = 0.001), an MKI of >2% (P< 0.001), and Shimada unfavourable histology (UHi) P< 0.0001. In univariate analysis MKI was significant in predicting a poorer relapse-free survival (RFS), low vs. intermediate and high (P< 0.001). Age, MYCN amplification, and Shimada UH also emerged as significant variables. There was a higher proportion of MYCN-amplified tumours with Shimada UH (P = 0.03), and this group had a decreased RFS (P = 0.002). In patients with Shimada FH, MYCN amplification did not significantly predict a poor prognosis. In those with stage 4 disease, Shimada classification was not significant in predicting survival (P = 0.97); the same was true for those over the age of 1 year (P = 0.66). In multivariate analysis, MYCN amplification and Shimada UH both emerged as independent prognostic factors. In conclusion, morphological features assigned some subsets of patients to prognostic risk groups. Most MYCN-amplified tumours have unfavourable histology and a poorer prognosis. However, in patients with stage 4 disease and those over the age of 1 year, other factors that may influence prognosis should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- R E George
- Cancer Research Unit, Medical School, University of Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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40
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Perrin LC, Prenzler PD, Cullinane C, Phillips DR, Denny WA, McFadyen WD. DNA targeted platinum complexes: synthesis, cytotoxicity and DNA interactions of cis-dichloroplatinum(II) complexes tethered to phenazine-1-carboxamides. J Inorg Biochem 2000; 81:111-7. [PMID: 11001439 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-0134(00)00092-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A series of intercalator-tethered platinum(II) complexes PtLCl2 have been prepared, where L are the diamine ligands N-[2-[(aminoethyl)amino]ethyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide, N-[3-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]propyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide, N-[4-[(2-aminoethyl)amino]butyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide and N-[5-[(aminoethyl)amino]pentyl]-phenazine-1-carboxamide. Measurements of the time-course of unwinding of supercoiled pUC19 plasmid DNA by the phenazine complexes PtLCl2 reveal that the presence of the intercalator leads to enhanced rates of DNA platination when compared with the complex Pt(en)Cl2. The platinum(II) complexes where the polymethylene linker chain contains three, four or five carbon atoms are considerably more cytotoxic against murine P388/W than either cisplatin, Pt(en)Cl2, or the metal-free ligands themselves.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Perrin
- School of Chemistry, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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41
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Sharples RA, Cullinane C, Phillips DR. Adriamycin-induced inhibition of mitochondrial-encoded polypeptides as a model system for the identification of hotspots for DNA-damaging agents. Anticancer Drug Des 2000; 15:183-90. [PMID: 11049086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the anti-cancer drug Adriamycin forms drug-DNA adducts which function as 'virtual' interstrand cross-links in cells, and these cross-links are specific for GpC sequences. The objective of this work was to determine whether all GpC sites are equally susceptible to the formation of Adriamycin-DNA adducts in the mitochondrial genome or whether any 'hotspots' exist whereby lesions are formed preferentially at particular GpC-containing sequences. The mitochondrial genome was used as a model system as it provides a series of contiguous genes, all of which lack introns and in which transcription is driven from a single promoter. With the absence of nucleotide excision repair, this provides an excellent system with which to observe Adriamycin-induced DNA damage since such lesions are reflected as an inhibition of mitochondrial protein synthesis. HeLa cells were treated with Adriamycin and the extent to which synthesis of individual mitochondrial-encoded proteins was inhibited was quantitated. Mitochondrial protein synthesis was found to be inhibited in a discontinuous manner, corresponding to regions rich in 5'-GpC sequences. These results therefore indicate that Adriamycin-DNA adducts do not form randomly with GpC sites throughout the mitochondrial genome, but instead appear to form preferentially at regions of high GpC content. This selective inhibition of mitochondrial-encoded proteins demonstrates the potential of this method for the in situ detection of localized regions of binding by DNA-acting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Sharples
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia
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42
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Ferguson LR, Liu AP, Denny WA, Cullinane C, Talarico T, Phillips DR. Transcriptional blockages in a cell-free system by sequence-selective DNA alkylating agents. Chem Biol Interact 2000; 126:15-31. [PMID: 10826651 DOI: 10.1016/s0009-2797(00)00144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is considerable interest in DNA sequence-selective DNA-binding drugs as potential inhibitors of gene expression. Five compounds with distinctly different base pair specificities were compared in their effects on the formation and elongation of the transcription complex from the lac UV5 promoter in a cell-free system. All were tested at drug levels which killed 90% of cells in a clonogenic survival assay. Cisplatin, a selective alkylator at purine residues, inhibited transcription, decreasing the full-length transcript, and causing blockage at a number of GG or AG sequences, making it probable that intrastrand crosslinks are the blocking lesions. A cyclopropylindoline known to be an A-specific alkylator also inhibited transcription, with blocks at adenines. The aniline mustard chlorambucil, that targets primarily G but also A sequences, was also effective in blocking the formation of full-length transcripts. It produced transcription blocks either at, or one base prior to, AA or GG sequences, suggesting that intrastrand crosslinks could again be involved. The non-alkylating DNA minor groove binder Hoechst 33342 (a bisbenzimidazole) blocked formation of the full-length transcript, but without creating specific blockage sites. A bisbenzimidazole-linked aniline mustard analogue was a more effective transcription inhibitor than either chlorambucil or Hoechst 33342, with different blockage sites occurring immediately as compared with 2 h after incubation. The blockages were either immediately prior to AA or GG residues, or four to five base pairs prior to such sites, a pattern not predicted from in vitro DNA-binding studies. Minor groove DNA-binding ligands are of particular interest as inhibitors of gene expression, since they have the potential ability to bind selectively to long sequences of DNA. The results suggest that the bisbenzimidazole-linked mustard does cause alkylation and transcription blockage at novel DNA sites. in addition to sites characteristic of untargeted mustards.
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Affiliation(s)
- L R Ferguson
- Auckland Cancer Society Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, The University of Auckland, New Zealand.
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Parker BS, Cutts SM, Cullinane C, Phillips DR. Formaldehyde activation of mitoxantrone yields CpG and CpA specific DNA adducts. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:982-90. [PMID: 10648792 PMCID: PMC102576 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.4.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/1999] [Revised: 11/24/1999] [Accepted: 12/15/1999] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we have found that mitoxantrone, like Adria-mycin, can be activated by formaldehyde and subsequently form adducts which stabilise double-stranded DNA in vitro. This activation by formaldehyde may be biologically relevant since formaldehyde levels are elevated in those tumours in which mitoxan-trone is most cytotoxic. In vitro transcription analysis revealed that these adducts block the progression of RNA polymerase during transcription and cause truncated RNA transcripts. There was an absolute requirement for both mitoxantrone and formaldehyde in transcriptional blockage formation and the activated complex was found to exhibit site specificity, with blockage occurring prior to CpG and CpA sites in the DNA (non-template strand). The stability of the adduct at 37 degrees C was site dependent. The half-lives ranged from 45 min to approximately 5 h and this was dependent on both the central 2 bp blockage site as well as flanking sequences. The CpG specificity of mitoxantrone adduct sites was also confirmed independently by a lambda exonuclease digestion assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083 Australia
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44
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Cullinane C, Cutts SM, Panousis C, Phillips DR. Interstrand cross-linking by adriamycin in nuclear and mitochondrial DNA of MCF-7 cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:1019-25. [PMID: 10648796 PMCID: PMC102585 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.4.1019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of Adriamycin by formaldehyde leads to the formation of drug-DNA adducts in vitro and these adducts stabilise the DNA to such a degree that they function as virtual interstrand cross-links. The formation of these virtual interstrand cross-links by Adriamycin was investigated in MCF-7 cells using a gene-specific interstrand cross-linking assay. Cross-linking was measured in both the nuclear-encoded DHFR gene and in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA). Cross-link formation increased linearly with Adriamycin concentration following a 4 h exposure to the drug. The rate of formation of Adriamycin cross-links in each of the genomes was similar, reaching maximal levels of 0.55 and 0.4 cross-links/10 kb in the DHFR gene and mtDNA respectively, following exposure to 20 micro M Adriamycin for 8 h. The interstrand cross-link was short lived in both DNA compartments, with a half-life of 4.5 and 3.3 h in the DHFR gene and mtDNA respectively. The kinetics of total Adriamycin adduct formation, detected using [(14)C]Adriamycin, was similar to that of cross-link formation. Maximal adduct levels (30 lesions/10 kb) were observed following incubation at 20 micro M drug for 8 h. The formation of such high levels of adducts and cross-links could therefore be expected to contribute to the mechanism of action of Adriamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cullinane
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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Stahlschmidt J, Cullinane C, Roberts P, Picton SV. Renal medullary carcinoma: prolonged remission with chemotherapy, immunohistochemical characterisation and evidence of bcr/abl rearrangement. Med Pediatr Oncol 1999; 33:551-7. [PMID: 10573578 DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1096-911x(199912)33:6<551::aid-mpo5>3.0.co;2-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Renal medullary carcinoma (RMC), an extremely rare tumour of the kidney, carries a dismal prognosis, with no reports to date of significant response to chemotherapy or radiotherapy. A case of this tumour in a male child, who showed a dramatic response to chemotherapy, is described. PROCEDURE A detailed histological evaluation of the tumour and cytogenetic analysis using fluorescent in situ hybridisation (FISH) was carried out. The child was treated with multiagent chemotherapy, followed by abdominal radiotherapy. RESULTS A detailed histopathological and immunohistochemical portrait of this tumour is described, and FISH studies confirmed the presence of a bcr/abl rearrangement. The child obtained complete radiological remission following chemotherapy, although he later relapsed and died of progressive disease despite further attempts at treatment with chemotherapy. CONCLUSIONS Although there are no previous reports of response of this tumour to chemotherapy, this case illustrates that treatment of this disease is justified. The responses of other cases to similar drug regimens would be of interest to confirm whether the encouraging response described for this case could be reproduced. Cytogenetic analysis of other cases of RMC may clarify whether the abnormalities seen in this case are typical.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Stahlschmidt
- Department of Histopathology, St. James's University Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Abstract
The human cytochrome c(1) gene TATA-less promoter contains 10 Sp1-binding elements that regulate the activation of transcription of this gene. Quantitative PCR was used to show that nitrogen mustard induces DNA lesions within this Sp1-binding region following exposure of HeLa cells to clinical levels of the drug. Alkylation of the cytochrome c(1) gene in HeLa cells increased with reaction time up to 4 h following exposure to nitrogen mustard, with 50% of the lesions (approximately 0.8/kb) forming within 1 h. An Sp1 competition assay showed that nitrogen mustard inhibited the binding of Sp1 to the promoter region of the cytochrome c(1) gene in HeLa cells. These results show that nitrogen mustard-induced damage to Sp1-binding sites may contribute to the toxicity of this compound by interfering with the activation of specific genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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47
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Abstract
Recent studies with the anthracycline Adriamycin have demonstrated its activation by formaldehyde and subsequent binding to DNA in vitro. Since formaldehyde levels are known to be higher in cells of myeloid origin and the structurally related drug mitoxantrone is most effective against cancers of myeloid origin, this indicates a possible role of formaldehyde in the activation of mitoxantrone. In vitro studies revealed that the activation of mitoxantrone by formaldehyde leads to the formation of drug-DNA adducts. These adducts stabilised DNA such that they functioned as virtual interstrand crosslinks. The interstrand crosslinks were formed in the presence of mitoxantrone and formaldehyde in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. In the absence of formaldehyde no crosslinks were formed, indicating a key role in drug activation and DNA binding. The adducts (virtual crosslinks) were relatively unstable with 50% crosslinks remaining after 10 min at 60 degrees C in 45% formamide. Like Adriamycin, the mitoxantrone-formaldehyde-DNA crosslinks are heat labile and do not display the stability associated with covalent interstrand crosslinks.
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Affiliation(s)
- B S Parker
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3083, Australia
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48
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Osteogenic sarcoma rarely occurs in soft tissues and generally affects individuals beyond the second decade of life. METHODS The authors report a rare case of an extra osseous osteogenic sarcoma arising in the retroperitoneum of an adolescent, review the literature, and outline the diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy, using drugs used in managing bony osteosarcomas, is discussed. CONCLUSIONS Retroperitoneal sarcomas may simulate ovarian teratomas. Careful consideration of the differential diagnosis of large cystic abdominal masses in adolescent females when size precludes adequate assessment of tumor mobility and imaging fails to demonstrate the ovaries is essential if these rare tumors are to be managed effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Humphrey
- Department of Paediatric Surgery, St James's University Hospital, Leeds, England
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49
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Perrin LC, Cullinane C, McFadyen WD, Phillips DR. Sequence specificity and reactivity of the binding of phenazine-tethered platinum complexes to DNA. Anticancer Drug Des 1999; 14:243-52. [PMID: 10500499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
An in vitro transcription assay was used to probe the sequence specificity of the binding of phenazine-tethered platinum complexes to DNA. It was found that when compared to cis-dichloro(ethylenediamine)platinum(II), the number of RNA polymerase blockage sites was increased by approximately 50% and the blockage sites were broadened by 1-3 nucleotides by the presence of the phenazine ligand. The rate of platination was also enhanced by the presence of the intercalator, and the increase in the kinetics of platination resulted in increased levels of adducts formed (i.e. high drug occupancy) as detected under conditions of active transcription. The level of platination by derivative 3 was 20-fold greater than that of the reference compound, which lacked a tethered intercalating phenazine group.
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Affiliation(s)
- L C Perrin
- School of Chemistry, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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50
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Cullinane C, Mazur SJ, Essigmann JM, Phillips DR, Bohr VA. Inhibition of RNA polymerase II transcription in human cell extracts by cisplatin DNA damage. Biochemistry 1999; 38:6204-12. [PMID: 10320349 DOI: 10.1021/bi982685+] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The anticancer drug cisplatin induces a spectrum of lesions in DNA. The effect of such DNA damage on transcription by RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II) in human cell extracts was investigated at the level of initiation and elongation. RNA pol II transcription directed from the adenovirus major late promoter was inhibited following treatment of the promoter-containing template with increasing concentrations of cisplatin. Furthermore, transcription from an undamaged promoter fragment was depleted in the presence of increasing amounts of cisplatin DNA damage on an exogenous plasmid, suggesting such damage may hijack an essential factor for transcription initiation. The effect of cisplatin damage on RNA pol II elongation was investigated using site-specifically-placed cisplatin adducts. The GTG adduct was an effective block to RNA pol II elongation, inhibiting the polymerase by 80%. In contrast, RNA pol II completely bypassed the cisplatin GG intrastrand adduct. These studies suggest that the inhibition of RNA pol II transcription observed following the treatment of cells with cisplatin is likely to reflect the combined effects of DNA damage at the level of both transcription initiation and elongation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Cullinane
- Department of Biochemistry, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, 3083, Australia
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