1
|
Pagán AF, Ricker BT, Cooley JL, Cummings C, Sanchez CR. ADHD Symptoms and Sleep Problems During Middle Childhood: The Indirect Effect of Peer Victimization. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024:10.1007/s10578-024-01666-6. [PMID: 38376574 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-024-01666-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/07/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
The present cross-sectional study evaluated whether traditional and/or cyber peer victimization served as mechanisms linking ADHD symptoms to sleep disturbance and sleep impairment in a sample of 284 third- through fifth-grade students (51.9% boys; 50.4% Hispanic/Latine) from two elementary schools in the United States. ADHD symptoms were assessed using teacher ratings. Children provided reports of their traditional and cyber victimization as well as their sleep disturbance and impairment. Results from path analysis models revealed significant indirect effects of traditional victimization on the links from ADHD symptoms to sleep disturbance and impairment. There was also a significant indirect effect of cyber victimization on the link from ADHD symptoms to sleep impairment. These findings suggest that experiences of traditional and cyber peer victimization may need to be addressed among children exhibiting ADHD symptoms in order to mitigate their risk for sleep problems and downstream effects on other domains of psychosocial functioning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio F Pagán
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Brianna T Ricker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John L Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA.
| | - Caroline Cummings
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Carlos R Sanchez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Sanchez CR, Cooley JL, Winters DE, Ricker BT, Fite PJ. Associations between forms of aggression and peer victimization: Does prosocial behavior matter? Dev Psychopathol 2024:1-14. [PMID: 38247375 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579423001694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Relatively little is known regarding factors that may mitigate the strength of the associations between forms of aggressive behavior and peer victimization. The goal of the current study was to investigate prosocial behavior as a moderator of these links over a 2-year period during middle childhood. Participants included 410 third-grade students (53% boys) and their homeroom teachers. Results indicated that prosocial behavior was associated with lower initial levels of victimization, whereas relational aggression was associated with higher initial levels of victimization. Physical aggression predicted more stable patterns of victimization over time, and prosocial behavior moderated the prospective link from relational aggression to peer victimization; specifically, relational aggression predicted decreases in victimization at higher levels of prosocial behavior and more stable patterns over time when levels of prosocial behavior were low. Further, gender differences were observed in the moderating effect of prosocial behavior on the prospective link from physical aggression to peer victimization, such that it served as a risk factor for boys and a protective factor for girls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Sanchez
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - John L Cooley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Drew E Winters
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Brianna T Ricker
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, TX, USA
| | - Paula J Fite
- Clinical Child Psychology Program, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Spiegel JA, Sanchez CR, Bermeo LM, Graziano PA. Examining the Efficacy of Online Administration of a Time-Limited School Readiness Intervention in the Face of COVID-19. Behav Ther 2023; 54:557-571. [PMID: 37088510 PMCID: PMC9783141 DOI: 10.1016/j.beth.2022.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although the efficacy of online administration of behavioral parent training (BPT) programs is well-established, such programs address a single risk factor (behavioral functioning) for school readiness difficulties (comprised of academics, cognitive skills, and social, emotional, and behavioral functioning). The current study aims to examine the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a telemedicine delivery of the School Readiness Parenting Program (SRPP), an integrative adaptation of PCIT designed to address the behavioral and academic domains of school readiness. The present study takes the first step towards validating an online administration of the SRPP as a treatment for early childhood disruptive behavior. Data were collected for 64 children ages 2-6 years (Mage = 4.63, SD = 0.86; 78.1% Hispanic/Latinx) and their families, who received either in-person administration of time-limited PCIT (PCIT-TL; n=30) or online administration of SRPP (n=34). A series of repeated measures ANOVAS were conducted to examine within and between group effects. Results revealed that both SRPP and PCIT-TL significantly reduced inattention (d's = -0.54 to -0.88), aggression (d's = -0.55 to -1.06), and behavioral symptomology (d's = -0.55 to -0.85) and produced significant gains in parental skills (d's = -1.47 to 2.99). Notably, online SRPP demonstrated greater improvement in positive parental verbalization, whereas PCIT-TL demonstrated greater reductions in parental stress. Overall, findings support the utility of online SRPP for addressing behavioral school readiness concerns.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jamie A Spiegel
- Florida International University-Center for Children and Families
| | | | - Luisa M Bermeo
- Florida International University-Center for Children and Families
| | - Paulo A Graziano
- Florida International University-Center for Children and Families.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Coughlin LL, Sanchez CR, Monti MI, Griffioen JA, Nutter FB, Beamer GL. Potential diagnostic biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis in humans are not elevated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis culture–positive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Am J Vet Res 2022; 83:ajvr.22.01.0016. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.22.01.0016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
OBJECTIVE
To determine (1) if chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 1 (CXCL1), matrix metalloproteinase 8 (MMP8), interleukin-10 (IL-10), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) can be detected in serum from Asian elephants, and (2) if their concentrations are significantly elevated in Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb) culture–positive elephants compared to –negative elephants. CXCL1, MMP8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were recently identified as potential diagnostic biomarkers for pulmonary tuberculosis in experimental studies in animals and humans. Therefore, we hypothesized that they would be detectable and significantly elevated in M.tb culture–positive elephants compared to M.tb culture–negative elephants.
SAMPLE
101 Asian elephant serum samples, including 91 samples from 6 M.tb-negative elephants and 10 samples from 5 M.tb-positive elephants (none of which exhibited clinical signs of disease). M.tb status was determined by trunk wash culture.
PROCEDURES
Commercially available ELISA kits were used to determine the concentrations of each biomarker in serum samples.
RESULTS
Biomarker concentrations were below the limit of detection for the assay in 100/101 (99%) samples for CXCL1, 98/101 (97%) samples for MMP8, 85/101 (84%) samples for IL-10, 75/101 (74%) samples for IFN-γ, and 45/101 (45%) samples for TNF-α. Multiple M.tb culture–positive elephants did not have detectable levels of any of the 5 biomarkers.
CLINICAL RELEVANCE
CXCL1, MMP8, IL-10, IFN-γ, and TNF-α were not elevated in M.tb culture–positive Asian elephants compared to M.tb culture–negative Asian elephants. This may be related to disease state (ie, clinically asymptomatic). More sensitive assays are needed to better understand the role of these biomarkers in M.tb infection in Asian elephants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laura L. Coughlin
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | | | | | | | - Felicia B. Nutter
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| | - Gillian L. Beamer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine, Tufts University, North Grafton, MA
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gadsby S, Garner MM, Bolin SR, Sanchez CR, Flaminio KP, Sim RR. Fatal Sarcocystis calchasi-associated meningoencephalitis in 2 captive vulturine guineafowl. J Vet Diagn Invest 2022; 34:543-546. [PMID: 35168421 PMCID: PMC9254049 DOI: 10.1177/10406387221078585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Two captive vulturine guineafowl (Acryllium vulturinum) were presented with lethargy, hyporexia, weight loss, and progressive neurologic signs. One of the guineafowl was seropositive for Sarcocystis falcatula (1:50 dilution). Both guineafowl died within 5 d of presentation. Histologic examination revealed nonsuppurative meningoencephalitis with gliosis, associated with occasional schizonts in the neuropil. Using fresh-frozen brain tissue, PCR was performed to amplify the ITS1 RNA region and portions of the 18S ribosomal RNA gene (18S gene) and the 28S ribosomal RNA gene (28S gene). Analysis of nucleic acid sequences from the resulting amplicons indicated that Sarcocystis calchasi was the likely cause of disease. To our knowledge, S. calchasi-associated disease has not been reported previously in the order Galliformes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Steven R. Bolin
- Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, College of Veterinary
Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA (Bolin)
| | - Carlos R. Sanchez
- Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR, USA
(Sanchez, Flaminio, Sim)
| | - Kelly P. Flaminio
- Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR, USA
(Sanchez, Flaminio, Sim)
| | - Richard R. Sim
- Richard R. Sim, Oregon Zoo, 4001 SW
Canyon Rd, Portland, OR 97221, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ricker BT, Cooley JL, Sanchez CR, Gunder EM, Dooley JA, Chilton M, Ritschel LA. Prospective Associations Between Peer Victimization and Internalizing Symptoms in Adolescence: The Protective Role of Hope. J Psychopathol Behav Assess 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-022-09966-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
7
|
Sanchez CR, Hidalgo-Hermoso E. Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African Apes, What Is Its True Health Impact? Pathogens 2022; 11:484. [PMID: 35631005 PMCID: PMC9145341 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11050484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Since the Symposium on Mycobacterial Infections of Zoo Animals held at the National Zoological Park, Smithsonian Institution in 1976, our understanding of tuberculosis (TB) in non-domestic animals has greatly expanded. Throughout the past decades, this knowledge has resulted in improved zoo-habitats and facilities design, stricter biosecurity measures, and advanced diagnostic methods, including molecular techniques, that have significantly decreased the number of clinical disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis in apes under human care settings. In the other hand, exponential growth of human populations has led to human encroachment in wildlife habitat which has resulted in increased inter-species contact and recurrent conflict between humans and wild animals. Although it is widely accepted that non-human primates are susceptible to M. tb infection, opinions differ with regard to the susceptibility to develop disease amongst different taxa. Specifically, some authors suggest that African apes are less susceptible to clinical tuberculosis than other species of primates. The aim of this review article is to evaluate the current scientific literature to determine the actual health impact of disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis and more specifically Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto in African apes. The literature review included literature databases: Web of Science, Pubmed, Scopus, Wiley, Springer and Science direct, without temporal limit and proceedings of annual conferences in the field of wildlife health. Our general inclusion criteria included information about serological, molecular, pathological (macroscopic and/or microscopic), and clinical evidence of TB in African apes; while our, our more stringent inclusion selection criteria required that in addition to a gross pathology, a molecular test confirmed Mycobacterium tuberculosis sensu stricto as the cause of disease or death. We identified eleven reports of tuberculosis in African apes; of those, only four reports met the more stringent selection criteria that confirmed M. tb sensu stricto in six individuals. All reports that confirmed M. tb sensu stricto originated from zoological collections. Our review suggests that there is little evidence of disease or mortality caused by M. tb in the different species of African apes both under human care and free ranging populations. Additional studies are needed in free-ranging, semi-captive populations (sanctuaries) and animals under human care (zoos and rescue centers) to definitely conclude that this mycobacteria has a limited health effect in African ape species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R. Sanchez
- Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, 4001 SW Canyon Rd., Portland, OR 97221, USA
| | - Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso
- Conservation and Research Department, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 01730, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pich AA, Sanchez CR, Kinsel MJ. What is Your Diagnosis? J Avian Med Surg 2021; 34:96-100. [PMID: 32237689 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.96] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ashley A Pich
- The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | | | - Michael J Kinsel
- University of Illinois College of Veterinary Medicine, Brookfield, IL 60513, USA
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yu JH, Papich MG, Garcés Torres R, Emerson J, Kinney ME, Helmick K, Crosier A, Sanchez CR, Murray S. Cefovecin pharmacokinetics after single-dose intramuscular administration in cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus). J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2021; 44:829-835. [PMID: 33778954 DOI: 10.1111/jvp.12969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cefovecin is a third-generation cephalosporin with potential value for use in exotic felids due to its long duration of action. A sparse sampling protocol was implemented with 18 zoo-housed cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) to evaluate the pharmacokinetics of cefovecin (Convenia® ) after a single 8 mg/kg intramuscular injection. Blood was collected serially for 15 days following administration, and plasma cefovecin concentrations were determined using high-pressure liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using population pharmacokinetic methods and non-linear mixed effects modeling (NLME). Cefovecin was well tolerated by all cats, with no adverse effects observed. Peak plasma cefovecin concentration was 84.75 µg/ml, with a mean residence time of 207.9 h and an elimination half-life of 144.1 h (6.00 days). Plasma concentrations of cefovecin were maintained >7 µg/ml in all individuals for the entire study duration (15 days). These concentrations are lower, and the half-life slightly shorter, than the values reported for domestic cats. Cefovecin was highly protein-bound (approximately 99.9%) in cheetah plasma, which is nearly identical to domestic cats. These results indicate that cefovecin is potentially useful as a long-acting antibiotic in cheetahs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer H Yu
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Mark G Papich
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kelly Helmick
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | - Adrienne Crosier
- Center for Species Survival, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Front Royal, VA, USA
| | | | - Suzan Murray
- Global Health Program, Smithsonian's National Zoo and Conservation Biology Institute, Washington, DC, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Vergara-Wilson V, Hidalgo-Hermoso E, Sanchez CR, Abarca MJ, Navarro C, Celis-Diez S, Soto-Guerrero P, Diaz-Ayala N, Zordan M, Cifuentes-Ramos F, Cabello-Stom J. Canine Distemper Outbreak by Natural Infection in a Group of Vaccinated Maned Wolves in Captivity. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10010051. [PMID: 33429927 PMCID: PMC7827803 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10010051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) is one of the most significant infectious disease threats to the health and conservation of free-ranging and captive wild carnivores. CDV vaccination using recombinant canarypox-based vaccines has been recommended for maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) after the failure of modified live vaccines that induced disease in vaccinated animals. Here, we report a CDV outbreak in a captive population of maned wolves that were previously vaccinated. Five juveniles and one adult from a group of seven maned wolves housed in an outdoor exhibit died in April–May 2013 in a zoo in the Metropolitan Region, Chile. Clinical signs ranged from lethargy to digestive and respiratory signs. Diagnosis of CDV was confirmed by histopathology, antibody assays, and viral molecular detection and characterization. The phylogenetic analyses of the nucleotide sequence of the H gene of the CDV genome identified in the two positive samples suggest a close relation with the lineage Europe 1, commonly found in South America and Chile. CDV infections in maned wolves have not been previously characterized. To the authors’ best knowledge, this is the first report of the clinical presentation of CDV in a canine species previously immunized with a recombinant vaccine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vicente Vergara-Wilson
- Conservation and Research Department, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (V.V.-W.); (N.D.-A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Ezequiel Hidalgo-Hermoso
- Conservation and Research Department, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (V.V.-W.); (N.D.-A.); (M.Z.)
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (S.C.-D.); (P.S.-G.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Carlos R. Sanchez
- Living Collection Unit, Veterinary Medical Center, Oregon Zoo, Portland, OR 97221, USA;
| | - María J. Abarca
- Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 11735, Chile; (M.J.A.); (C.N.); (F.C.-R.)
| | - Carlos Navarro
- Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 11735, Chile; (M.J.A.); (C.N.); (F.C.-R.)
| | - Sebastian Celis-Diez
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (S.C.-D.); (P.S.-G.)
| | - Pilar Soto-Guerrero
- Departamento de Veterinaria, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (S.C.-D.); (P.S.-G.)
| | - Nataly Diaz-Ayala
- Conservation and Research Department, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (V.V.-W.); (N.D.-A.); (M.Z.)
| | - Martin Zordan
- Conservation and Research Department, Parque Zoologico Buin Zoo, Panamericana Sur Km 32, Buin 9500000, Chile; (V.V.-W.); (N.D.-A.); (M.Z.)
- World Association of Zoos and Aquariums (WAZA), Carrer de Roger de Llúria, 2, 2-208010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Federico Cifuentes-Ramos
- Faculty of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, University of Chile, Av. Santa Rosa, Santiago 11735, Chile; (M.J.A.); (C.N.); (F.C.-R.)
| | - Javier Cabello-Stom
- Patagonia Campus, School of Veterinary Medicine, Universidad San Sebastian, Puerto Montt 5480000, Chile;
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Zalesak SM, Sanchez CR, Pich AA, Papich MG. Preliminary Pilot Study of Itraconazole After a Single Oral Dose of a Veterinary Formulation Solution in African Penguins ( Spheniscus demersus). J Avian Med Surg 2020; 34:52-56. [PMID: 32237682 DOI: 10.1647/1082-6742-34.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Aspergillosis is a common cause of morbidity and mortality in captive penguins. Itraconazole, an antifungal drug, is commonly used to treat aspergillosis infections in avian species; however, commercially available human formulations are costly, and studies have shown the effectiveness of compounded formulations to be unreliable. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) recently approved a veterinary formulation of itraconazole, Itrafungol, for use in cats. This study provides preliminary results from limited sampling evaluating whether this veterinary formulation is suitable for future studies in the African penguin (Spheniscus demersus). A 20 mg/kg PO itraconazole dose was administered to 9 African penguins. Blood samples were taken over the course of 24 hours; each sample was collected from a different bird to minimize stress to the animals. Plasma was analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography for concentrations of itraconazole. The drug was absorbed in all penguins, and plasma concentrations in 5 of 9 penguins (56%) were found to be greater than the established therapeutic dose of 1.0 µg/ mL. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has investigated a 20 mg/kg dose of itraconazole in a penguin species. The small sample size limits the conclusions that can be drawn from this preliminary study. Nonetheless, we demonstrate encouraging evidence that the FDA-approved formulation of oral itraconazole solution should be considered for future study as a cost-effective treatment for aspergillosis in African penguins and other avian species.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Selina M Zalesak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA,
| | | | - Ashley A Pich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Mark G Papich
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Sanchez CR, Hayek LAC, Carlin EP, Brown SA, Citino S, Marker L, Jones KL, Murray S. Glomerular filtration rate determined by measuring serum clearance of a single dose of inulin and serum symmetric dimethylarginine concentration in clinically normal cheetahs ( Acinonyx jubatus). Am J Vet Res 2020; 81:375-380. [DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.81.4.375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
13
|
Sanchez CR, Pich A, Collinsworth S. Erosive Enteritis and Intestinal Obstructions Caused by Decomposed Granite in a Flock of Lesser Flamingos ( Phoeniconaias minor). J Avian Med Surg 2019; 33:72-81. [PMID: 31124615 DOI: 10.1647/2018-348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Decomposed granite is a material commonly used in zoos as a base for flamingo exhibits. In 2012, the artificial turf over the decomposed granite in the Fort Worth Zoo flamingo exhibit was removed and pressure washed, the granite was replaced, and the turf was then restretched in place. Approximately 8 months later, 3 lesser flamingos (Phoeniconaias minor) showed signs of lethargy and hematochezia. Results of physical examination revealed poor body condition in all birds, with variable hematologic abnormalities, including anemia, hypoproteinemia, and electrolyte disturbances. Radiographs of birds showed large amounts of radiopaque material in the ventriculus and dilated intestinal loops. Two birds died either during treatment or surgery, and 1 bird was euthanatized. Postmortem examination of all 3 birds revealed large amounts of fine, granite-like material in the ventriculus and intestines, severe congestion of intestinal mucosa, and obstruction of intestinal lumen by caseous plugs surrounded by fecal material. Microscopic evaluation of the material removed from the ventriculus showed birefringent crystals that corresponded to microscopic silica grains, consistent with the decomposed granite from the exhibit. Histologic examination of tissues showed marked chronic erosive colitis, mild erosive proventriculitis, and lesions in the muscular layer of the ventriculus. Subsequently, 82 remaining flamingos in the flock were radiographed. Results showed the same material in the ventriculus of most birds, but no intestinal obstructions were identified. Different treatment techniques were attempted unsuccessfully to remove the material from the flamingos that had the largest amount of decomposed granite in their gastrointestinal tracts. Ultimately, all birds were treated with oral gastrointestinal protectants, adsorbents, laxatives, and lubricants, along with antibiotics administered in drinking water. No further mortalities occurred once medical treatments were implemented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashley Pich
- Fort Worth Zoo, Veterinary Services, Fort Worth, TX 76109, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Kunze PE, Sanchez CR, Pich A, Aronson S, Dennison S. Pulmonary actinomycosis and hypertrophic osteopathy in a red kangaroo (
Macropus rufus
). Vet rec case rep 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr-2018-000666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Edith Kunze
- Universidade de Sao PauloFaculdade de Medicina Veterinaria e ZootecniaSao PauloBrazil
| | - Carlos R Sanchez
- Veterinary Medical CenterLiving Collection UnitOregon ZooPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Ashley Pich
- College of Veterinary MedicineThe Ohio State UniversityColumbusOhioUSA
| | - Stuart Aronson
- Radiology Associates of North Texas, PAFort WorthTexasUSA
| | - Sophie Dennison
- MIRA! Animal Diagnostic Imaging and Teaching ConsultancyLondonUK
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kishbaugh JC, Valitutto MT, Ober JE, Zimmerman DM, Howard LL, Schmitt DL, Sanchez CR, Murray S. Do lyophilized platelets hold promise for treatment of hemorrhagic diseases in wild animals? J Am Vet Med Assoc 2018; 252:168-170. [PMID: 29319441 DOI: 10.2460/javma.252.2.168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
16
|
McEntire MS, Sanchez CR. Multimodal Drug Therapy and Physical Rehabilitation in the Successful Treatment of Capture Myopathy in a Lesser Flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor). J Avian Med Surg 2017; 31:232-238. [PMID: 28891689 DOI: 10.1647/2015-128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
A wild-caught lesser flamingo (Phoeniconaias minor) from the Fort Worth Zoo (Fort Worth, TX, USA) presented with moderate lameness that progressed to the inability to stand 2 days after restraint and handling. Results of blood tests showed severely elevated creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities, confirming suspected capture myopathy. Intensive supportive therapy, consisting of intravenous fluids and muscle relaxants, along with physical rehabilitation therapy, nutritional support, and anxiolytics, were instituted to aid in relaxation and muscle regeneration. After 2 weeks of intensive therapy, the bird showed substantial improvement and could remain standing throughout the day after being assisted to a standing position. By day 23, the bird was able to stand independently and walk completely unassisted, with no discernible lameness. The bird has subsequently remained healthy since it was returned to the flock approximately 27 days after it was first presented for treatment. Although anecdotal communications of successful treatment of this condition in flamingos exist, this is the first report, to our knowledge, that describes in detail the successful treatment of capture myopathy in any flamingo species. Success in this case is attributed to the combination of early fluid and drug therapy, intensive physical rehabilitation therapy, and anxiolytics to counteract the hyperexcitable nature of this wild-caught bird.
Collapse
|
17
|
Zordan M, Deem SL, Sanchez CR. Focal palatine erosion in captive and free-living cheetahs (Acinonyx jubatus) and other felid Species. Zoo Biol 2011; 31:181-8. [DOI: 10.1002/zoo.20392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 04/05/2011] [Accepted: 04/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Martín Zordan
- Departamento de Ciencias Biológicas Animales, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias y Pecuarias; Universidad de Chile; Chile
| | | | - Carlos R. Sanchez
- Smithsonian National Zoological Park; District of Columbia; Washington
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Sanchez CR, Murray SZ, Isaza R, Papich MG. Pharmacokinetics of a single dose of enrofloxacin administered orally to captive Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). Am J Vet Res 2006; 66:1948-53. [PMID: 16334955 DOI: 10.2460/ajvr.2005.66.1948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the pharmacokinetics of enrofloxacin after oral administration to captive elephants. ANIMALS 6 clinically normal adult Asian elephants (Elephas maximus). PROCEDURE Each elephant received a single dose of enrofloxacin (2.5 mg/kg, PO). Three elephants received their complete diet (pellets and grain) within 2 hours after enrofloxacin administration, whereas the other 3 elephants received only hay within 6 hours after enrofloxacin administration. Serum concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin were measured by use of high-performance liquid chromatography. RESULTS Harmonic mean half-life after oral administration was 18.4 hours for all elephants. Mean +/- SD peak serum concentration of enrofloxacin was 1.31 +/- 0.40 microg/mL at 5.0 +/- 4.2 hours after administration. Mean area under the curve was 20.72 +/- 4.25 (microg x h)/mL. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Oral administration of enrofloxacin to Asian elephants has a prolonged elimination half-life, compared with the elimination half-life for adult horses. In addition, potentially therapeutic concentrations in elephants were obtained when enrofloxacin was administered orally at a dosage of 2.5 mg/kg. Analysis of these results suggests that enrofloxacin administered with feed in the manner described in this study could be a potentially useful antimicrobial for use in treatment of captive Asian elephants with infections attributable to organisms, such as Bordetella spp, Escherichia coli, Mycoplasma spp, Pasteurella spp, Haemophilus spp, Salmonella spp, and Staphylococcus spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Sanchez
- Department of Animal Health, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, Washington, DC 20008-2598, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Sanchez CR, Murray SZ. Diagnosis and successful treatment of a presumptive case of aspergillosis in a Micronesian kingfisher (Halcyon cinnamomina cinnamomina). Avian Dis 2005; 49:309-12. [PMID: 16094842 DOI: 10.1637/7336-020105r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
A 4-yr-old male Micronesian kingfisher was suspected of having an aspergillus infection. The infection was thought to be related to stress associated with movement to a new enclosure/exhibit and cage-mate aggression. The diagnosis was based on an elevated white cell count, positive antibody and antigen aspergillus titers, and abnormal plasma protein electrophoresis characterized by a moderate elevation of alpha2 and severe elevation on the beta protein fractions. The bird was treated with antifungal medication administered systemically and by nebulization for 10 wk. Response to treatment was monitored by serial white cell counts and plasma electrophoresis. Clinical improvement in this bird was correlated with a return of the white blood cell count to normal levels and what was considered a normal protein electrophoresis distribution.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Sanchez
- Department of Animal Health, Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001Connecticut Avenue, NW Washington, DC 20008, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Sanchez CR, Murray S, Montali RJ, Spelman LH. Diagnosis and treatment of presumptive pyelonephritis in an Asian elephant (Elephas maximus). J Zoo Wildl Med 2004; 35:397-9. [PMID: 15526898 DOI: 10.1638/02-082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A 37-yr-old female Asian elephant (Elephas maximus) presented with anorexia, restlessness, and dark-colored urine. Urinalyses showed hematuria, leukocyturia, isosthenuria, proteinuria, granular casts, and no calcium oxalate crystals. Bloodwork revealed azotemia. Urine culture revealed a pure growth of Streptococcus zooepidemicus resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim but susceptible to cephalosporins. A presumptive diagnosis of pyelonephritis was made based on bloodwork, urinalysis, and urine culture. The animal was treated with intravenous ceftiofur, and intravenous and per rectum fluids were given for hydration. The elephant's attitude and appetite returned to normal, the abnormal blood parameters resolved, and urinary calcium oxalate crystals reappeared after treatment, supporting presumptive diagnosis. Follow-up ultrasonography revealed an abnormal outline of both kidneys with parenchymal hyperechogenicity and multiple uterine leiomyomas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Sanchez
- Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue NW, Washington, D.C. 20008-2598, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Sanchez CR, Murray S, Montali RJ. Use of desferoxamine and S-adenosylmethionine to treat hemochromatosis in a red ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata ruber). Comp Med 2004; 54:100-3. [PMID: 15027625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Hemochromatosis was diagnosed in a 14-year-old, male, red ruffed lemur (Varecia variegata ruber) on the basis of abnormal results of serum biochemical analysis, including high serum ferritin and transferrin saturation values, and of liver biopsy. Therapy included chelation, using desferoxamine to remove excess iron and S-adenosylmethionine to improve liver function, and monthly peripheral blood removal by phlebotomy to reduce total body iron content. Response to treatment was assessed by changes in the lemur's attitude and appetite, as well as variations in serum biochemical and iron panel values. Initial improvement was associated with the onset of therapy. After 56 days of treatment, results of serum biochemical analysis indicated a decrease in iron panel values. Treatment was temporarily discontinued from days 56 to 65, and the lemur's condition worsened, so therapy was re-instituted. However, the lemur died of hepatocellular carcinoma on day 110 of treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos R Sanchez
- Smithsonian National Zoological Park, 3001 Connecticut Avenue, North West, Washington, DC 20008-2598, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|