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Ugarte G, Piña R, Contreras D, Godoy F, Rubio D, Rozas C, Zeise M, Vidal R, Escobar J, Morales B. Attention Deficit-Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD): From Abnormal Behavior to Impairment in Synaptic Plasticity. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:1241. [PMID: 37759640 PMCID: PMC10525904 DOI: 10.3390/biology12091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder with high incidence in children and adolescents characterized by motor hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has revealed that neuroanatomical abnormalities such as the volume reduction in the neocortex and hippocampus are shared by several neuropsychiatric diseases such as schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and ADHD. Furthermore, the abnormal development and postnatal pruning of dendritic spines of neocortical neurons in schizophrenia, autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability are well documented. Dendritic spines are dynamic structures exhibiting Hebbian and homeostatic plasticity that triggers intracellular cascades involving glutamate receptors, calcium influx and remodeling of the F-actin network. The long-term potentiation (LTP)-induced insertion of postsynaptic glutamate receptors is associated with the enlargement of spine heads and long-term depression (LTD) with spine shrinkage. Using a murine model of ADHD, a delay in dendritic spines' maturation in CA1 hippocampal neurons correlated with impaired working memory and hippocampal LTP has recently reported. The aim of this review is to summarize recent evidence that has emerged from studies focused on the neuroanatomical and genetic features found in ADHD patients as well as reports from animal models describing the molecular structure and remodeling of dendritic spines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (G.U.); (D.C.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Metropolitan University of Education Sciences, Santiago 7760197, Chile;
- Department of Human Sciences, Faculty of Human Science, Bernardo O’Higgins University, Santiago 8370854, Chile
| | - Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (G.U.); (D.C.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Felipe Godoy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (G.U.); (D.C.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (C.R.)
| | - David Rubio
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (G.U.); (D.C.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (G.U.); (D.C.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (C.R.)
| | - Marc Zeise
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Rodrigo Vidal
- Laboratory of Genomics, Molecular Ecology and Evolutionary Studies, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Jorge Escobar
- Institute of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Valparaíso, Valparaíso 2340000, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago of Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (G.U.); (D.C.); (F.G.); (D.R.); (C.R.)
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Duran-Aniotz C, Poblete N, Rivera-Krstulovic C, Ardiles ÁO, Díaz-Hung ML, Tamburini G, Sabusap CMP, Gerakis Y, Cabral-Miranda F, Diaz J, Fuentealba M, Arriagada D, Muñoz E, Espinoza S, Martinez G, Quiroz G, Sardi P, Medinas DB, Contreras D, Piña R, Lourenco MV, Ribeiro FC, Ferreira ST, Rozas C, Morales B, Plate L, Gonzalez-Billault C, Palacios AG, Hetz C. The unfolded protein response transcription factor XBP1s ameliorates Alzheimer's disease by improving synaptic function and proteostasis. Mol Ther 2023; 31:2240-2256. [PMID: 37016577 PMCID: PMC10362463 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymthe.2023.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alteration in the buffering capacity of the proteostasis network is an emerging feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD), highlighting the occurrence of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is the main adaptive pathway to cope with protein folding stress at the ER. Inositol-requiring enzyme-1 (IRE1) operates as a central ER stress sensor, enabling the establishment of adaptive and repair programs through the control of the expression of the transcription factor X-box binding protein 1 (XBP1). To artificially enforce the adaptive capacity of the UPR in the AD brain, we developed strategies to express the active form of XBP1 in the brain. Overexpression of XBP1 in the nervous system using transgenic mice reduced the load of amyloid deposits and preserved synaptic and cognitive function. Moreover, local delivery of XBP1 into the hippocampus of an 5xFAD mice using adeno-associated vectors improved different AD features. XBP1 expression corrected a large proportion of the proteomic alterations observed in the AD model, restoring the levels of several synaptic proteins and factors involved in actin cytoskeleton regulation and axonal growth. Our results illustrate the therapeutic potential of targeting UPR-dependent gene expression programs as a strategy to ameliorate AD features and sustain synaptic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Duran-Aniotz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez, Santiago, Chile; Center for Social and Cognitive Neuroscience (CSCN), School of Psychology, Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Natalia Poblete
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Catalina Rivera-Krstulovic
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Álvaro O Ardiles
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Mei Li Díaz-Hung
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Giovanni Tamburini
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carleen Mae P Sabusap
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Yannis Gerakis
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cabral-Miranda
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Javier Diaz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Matias Fuentealba
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Arriagada
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ernesto Muñoz
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sandra Espinoza
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriela Martinez
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gabriel Quiroz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Sardi
- Rare and Neurological Diseases Therapeutic Area, Sanofi, Framingham, MA, USA
| | - Danilo B Medinas
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Mychael V Lourenco
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Felipe C Ribeiro
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sergio T Ferreira
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry Leopoldo de Meis, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; D'Or Institute for Research and Education, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lars Plate
- Department of Chemistry and Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christian Gonzalez-Billault
- FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Department of Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Adrian G Palacios
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Claudio Hetz
- Biomedical Neuroscience Institute (BNI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; FONDAP Center for Geroscience, Brain Health, and Metabolism (GERO), Santiago, Chile; Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
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Bilches Medinas D, Malik S, Yıldız‐Bölükbaşı E, Borgonovo J, Saaranen MJ, Urra H, Pulgar E, Afzal M, Contreras D, Wright MT, Bodaleo F, Quiroz G, Rozas P, Mumtaz S, Díaz R, Rozas C, Cabral‐Miranda F, Piña R, Valenzuela V, Uyan O, Reardon C, Woehlbier U, Brown RH, Sena‐Esteves M, Gonzalez‐Billault C, Morales B, Plate L, Ruddock LW, Concha ML, Hetz C, Tolun A. Mutation in protein disulfide isomerase A3 causes neurodevelopmental defects by disturbing endoplasmic reticulum proteostasis. EMBO J 2022; 41:e105531. [PMID: 34904718 PMCID: PMC8762563 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2020105531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Recessive gene mutations underlie many developmental disorders and often lead to disabling neurological problems. Here, we report identification of a homozygous c.170G>A (p.Cys57Tyr or C57Y) mutation in the gene coding for protein disulfide isomerase A3 (PDIA3, also known as ERp57), an enzyme that catalyzes formation of disulfide bonds in the endoplasmic reticulum, to be associated with syndromic intellectual disability. Experiments in zebrafish embryos show that PDIA3C57Y expression is pathogenic and causes developmental defects such as axonal disorganization as well as skeletal abnormalities. Expression of PDIA3C57Y in the mouse hippocampus results in impaired synaptic plasticity and memory consolidation. Proteomic and functional analyses reveal that PDIA3C57Y expression leads to dysregulation of cell adhesion and actin cytoskeleton dynamics, associated with altered integrin biogenesis and reduced neuritogenesis. Biochemical studies show that PDIA3C57Y has decreased catalytic activity and forms disulfide-crosslinked aggregates that abnormally interact with chaperones in the endoplasmic reticulum. Thus, rare disease gene variant can provide insight into how perturbations of neuronal proteostasis can affect the function of the nervous system.
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Contreras D, Piña R, Carvallo C, Godoy F, Ugarte G, Zeise M, Rozas C, Morales B. Methylphenidate Restores Behavioral and Neuroplasticity Impairments in the Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Mouse Model of ADHD: Evidence for Involvement of AMPA Receptor Subunit Composition and Synaptic Spine Morphology in the Hippocampus. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137099. [PMID: 35806103 PMCID: PMC9266648 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In ADHD treatment, methylphenidate (MPH) is the most frequently used medication. The present work provides evidence that MPH restored behavioral impairments and neuroplasticity due to changes in AMPAR subunit composition and distribution, as well as maturation of dendritic spines, in a prenatal nicotine exposure (PNE) ADHD mouse model. PNE animals and controls were given a single oral dose of MPH (1 mg/kg), and their behavior was tested for attention, hyperactivity, and working memory. Long-term potentiation (LTP) was induced and analyzed at the CA3/CA1 synapse in hippocampal slices taken from the same animals tested behaviorally, measuring fEPSPs and whole-cell patch-clamp EPSCs. By applying crosslinking and Western blots, we estimated the LTP effects on AMPAR subunit composition and distribution. The density and types of dendritic spines were quantified by using the Golgi staining method. MPH completely restored the behavioral impairments of PNE mice. Reduced LTP and AMPA-receptor-mediated EPSCs were also restored. EPSC amplitudes were tightly correlated with numbers of GluA1/GluA1 AMPA receptors at the cell surface. Finally, we found a lower density of dendritic spines in hippocampal pyramidal neurons in PNE mice, with a higher fraction of thin-type immature spines and a lower fraction of mushroom mature spines; the latter effect was also reversed by MPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Metropolitana de Ciencias de la Educación, Santiago 7760197, Chile;
- Departamento de Ciencias Pedagógicas, Facultad de Educación, Universidad Bernardo O’Higgins, Santiago 8370993, Chile
| | - Claudia Carvallo
- Centro de investigación e innovación en Gerontología Aplicada (CIGAP), Facultad de Salud, Universidad Santo Tomás, Santiago 8370003, Chile;
| | - Felipe Godoy
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
| | - Marc Zeise
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile;
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (B.M.)
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, University of Santiago de Chile, Alameda 3363, Santiago 9170022, Chile; (D.C.); (F.G.); (G.U.)
- Correspondence: (C.R.); (B.M.)
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Piña R, Rozas C, Contreras D, Hardy P, Ugarte G, Zeise ML, Rojas P, Morales B. Atomoxetine Reestablishes Long Term Potentiation in a Mouse Model of Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Neuroscience 2020; 439:268-274. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Carvallo C, Contreras D, Ugarte G, Delgado R, Pancetti F, Rozas C, Piña R, Constandil L, Zeise ML, Morales B. Single and Repeated Administration of Methylphenidate Modulates Synaptic Plasticity in Opposite Directions via Insertion of AMPA Receptors in Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1485. [PMID: 30618772 PMCID: PMC6305740 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH) is widely used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder. Several lines of evidence support that MPH can modulate learning and memory processes in different ways including improvement and impairment of test performances. A relevant factor in the efficacy of treatment is whether administration is performed once or several times. In this study we demonstrate opposite effects of MPH on performance of preadolescent rats in the Morris Water Maze test. Animals treated with a single dose (1 mg/kg) performed significantly better compared to controls, while in animals treated with repetitive administration at the same concentration performance was reduced. We found that hippocampal LTP in slices from rats treated with a single dose was increased, while LTP from rats treated with repetitive injections of MPH was lower than in controls. Using Western blot of CA1 areas from potentiated slices of rats treated with a single dose we found a significant increase of phosphorylation at Ser845 of GluA1 subunits, associated to an increased insertion of GluA1-containing AMPARs in the plasma membrane. These receptors were functional, because AMPA-dependent EPSCs recorded on CA1 were enhanced, associated to a significant increase in short-term plasticity. In contrast, CA1 samples from rats injected with MPH during six consecutive days, showed a significant decrease in the phosphorylation at Ser845 of GluA1 subunits associated to a lower insertion of GluA1-containing AMPARs. Accordingly, a reduction of the AMPA-mediated EPSCs and short-term plasticity was also observed. Taken together, our results demonstrate that single and repeated doses with MPH can induce opposite effects at behavioral, cellular, and molecular levels. The mechanisms demonstrated here in preadolescent rats are relevant to understand the effects of this psychostimulant in the treatment of ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Carvallo
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Darwin Contreras
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Gonzalo Ugarte
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Delgado
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Piña
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Luis Constandil
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marc L Zeise
- School of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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García-Rojo G, Gámiz F, Ampuero E, Rojas-Espina D, Sandoval R, Rozas C, Morales B, Wyneken U, Pancetti F. In Vivo Sub-chronic Treatment with Dichlorvos in Young Rats Promotes Synaptic Plasticity and Learning by a Mechanism that Involves Acylpeptide Hydrolase Instead of Acetylcholinesterase Inhibition. Correlation with Endogenous β-Amyloid Levels. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:483. [PMID: 28790916 PMCID: PMC5524899 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Acylpeptide hydrolase (APEH) is a serine hydrolase that displays two catalytic activities, acting both as an exopeptidase toward short N-acylated peptides and as an endopeptidase toward oxidized peptides or proteins. It has been demonstrated that this enzyme can degrade monomers, dimers, and trimers of the Aβ1-40 peptide in the conditioned media of neuroblastoma cells. In a previous report, we showed that the specific inhibition of this enzyme by the organophosphate molecule dichlorvos (DDVP) triggers an enhancement of long-term potentiation in rat hippocampal slices. In this study, we demonstrate that the same effect can be accomplished in vivo by sub-chronic treatment of young rats with a low dose of DDVP (0.1 mg/kg). Besides exhibiting a significant enhancement of LTP, the treated animals also showed improvements in parameters of spatial learning and memory. Interestingly, higher doses of DDVP such as 2 mg/kg did not prove to be beneficial for synaptic plasticity or behavior. Due to the fact that at 2 mg/kg we observed inhibition of both APEH and acetylcholinesterase, we interpret that in order to achieve positive effects on the measured parameters only APEH inhibition should be obtained. The treatment with both DDVP doses produced an increase in the endogenous concentration of Aβ1-40, although this was statistically significant only at the dose of 0.1 mg/kg. We propose that APEH represents an interesting pharmacological target for cognitive enhancement, acting through the modulation of the endogenous concentration of Aβ1-40.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonzalo García-Rojo
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile
| | - Fernando Gámiz
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile
| | - Estíbaliz Ampuero
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los AndesSantiago, Chile
| | - Daniel Rojas-Espina
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile
| | - Rodrigo Sandoval
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Faculty of Chemistry and Biology, Universidad de Santiago de ChileSantiago, Chile
| | - Ursula Wyneken
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Los AndesSantiago, Chile
| | - Floria Pancetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del NorteCoquimbo, Chile
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Zeise M, Morales B, Rozas C, Burgos H, Hernández A. Psychostimulants and metaplasticity. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Zeise M, Morales B, Rozas C, Burgos H, Hernández A. Psychostimulants and metaplasticity. Pharmacopsychiatry 2015. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0035-1558005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Rozas C, Carvallo C, Contreras D, Carreño M, Ugarte G, Delgado R, Zeise ML, Morales B. Methylphenidate amplifies long-term potentiation in rat hippocampus CA1 area involving the insertion of AMPA receptors by activation of β-adrenergic and D1/D5 receptors. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:15-27. [PMID: 26165920 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin©) is widely used in the treatment of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and recently as a drug of abuse. Although the effect of MPH has been studied in brain regions such as striatum and prefrontal cortex (PFC), the hippocampus has received relatively little attention. It is known that MPH increases the TBS-dependent Long Term Potentiation (LTP) in the CA1 area. However, the cellular and molecular mechanisms involved in this process are still unknown. Using field potential recordings and western blot analysis in rat hippocampal slices of young rats, we found that acute application of MPH enhances LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses in a dose-dependent manner with an EC50 of 73.44±6.32 nM. Using specific antagonists and paired-pulse facilitation protocols, we observed that the MPH-dependent increase of LTP involves not only β-adrenergic receptors activation but also post-synaptic D1/D5 dopamine receptors. The inhibition of PKA with PKI, suppressed the facilitation of LTP induced by MPH consistent with an involvement of the adenyl cyclase-cAMP-PKA dependent cascade downstream of the activation of D1/D5 receptors. In addition, samples of CA1 areas taken from slices potentiated with MPH presented an increase in the phosphorylation of the Ser845 residue of the GluA1 subunit of AMPA receptors compared to control slices. This effect was reverted by SCH23390, antagonist of D1/D5 receptors, and PKI. Moreover, we found an increase of surface-associated functional AMPA receptors. We propose that MPH increases TBS-dependent LTP in CA3-CA1 synapses through a polysynaptic mechanism involving activation of β-adrenergic and D1/D5 dopaminergic receptors and promoting the trafficking and insertion of functional AMPA receptors to the plasma membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rozas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - C Carvallo
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - D Contreras
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M Carreño
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - G Ugarte
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - R Delgado
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - M L Zeise
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - B Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurociencia, Departamento de Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Chile.
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Lorca RA, Rozas C, Loyola S, Moreira-Ramos S, Zeise ML, Kirkwood A, Huidobro-Toro JP, Morales B. Zinc enhances long-term potentiation through P2X receptor modulation in the hippocampal CA1 region. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 33:1175-1185. [PMID: 21324005 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2010.07589.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Zn²(+) is an essential ion that is stored in and co-released from glutamatergic synapses and it modulates neurotransmitter receptors involved in long-term potentiation (LTP). However, the mechanism(s) underlying Zn²(+) -induced modulation of LTP remain(s) unclear. As the purinergic P2X receptors are relevant targets for Zn²(+) action, we have studied their role in LTP modulation by Zn²(+) in the CA1 region of rat hippocampal slices. Induction of LTP in the presence of Zn²(+) revealed a biphasic effect - 5-50 μm enhanced LTP induction, whereas 100-300 μm Zn²(+) inhibited LTP. The involvement of a purinergic mechanism is supported by the fact that application of the P2X receptor antagonists 2',3'-O-(2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) ATP (TNP-ATP) and periodate-oxidized ATP fully abolished the facilitatory effect of Zn²(+) . Notably, application of the P2X₇ receptor-specific antagonist Brilliant Blue G did not modify the Zn²(+) -dependent facilitation of LTP. Exogenous ATP also produced a biphasic effect - 0.1-1 μm ATP facilitated LTP, whereas 5-10 μm inhibited LTP. The facilitatory effect of ATP was abolished by the application of TNP-ATP and was modified in the presence of 5 μm Zn²(+) , suggesting that P2X receptors are involved in LTP induction and that Zn²(+) leads to an increase in the affinity of P2X receptors for ATP. The latter confirms our previous results from heterologous expression systems. Collectively, our results indicate that Zn²(+) at low concentrations enhances LTP by modulating P2X receptors. Although it is not yet clear which purinergic receptor subtype(s) is responsible for these effects on LTP, the data presented here suggest that P2X₄ but not P2X₇ is involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramón A Lorca
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile.,Laboratorio de Nucleótidos, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J.V. Luco, Instituto MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Rozas
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Sebastian Loyola
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Sandra Moreira-Ramos
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
| | - Marc L Zeise
- Escuela de Psicología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo Kirkwood
- Mind/Brain Institute and Department of Neurosciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J Pablo Huidobro-Toro
- Laboratorio de Nucleótidos, Centro de Regulación Celular y Patología, J.V. Luco, Instituto MIFAB, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, P. Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Bernardo Morales
- Laboratorio de Neurociencias, Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 9170022, Chile
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Arias-Cavieres A, Rozas C, Reyes-Parada M, Barrera N, Pancetti F, Loyola S, Lorca RA, Zeise ML, Morales B. MDMA (“ecstasy”) impairs learning in the Morris Water Maze and reduces hippocampal LTP in young rats. Neurosci Lett 2010; 469:375-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2009.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2009] [Revised: 12/09/2009] [Accepted: 12/12/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Olmos C, Sandoval R, Rozas C, Navarro S, Wyneken U, Zeise M, Morales B, Pancetti F. Effect of short-term exposure to dichlorvos on synaptic plasticity of rat hippocampal slices: Involvement of acylpeptide hydrolase and α7 nicotinic receptors. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2009; 238:37-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2009.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2008] [Revised: 04/02/2009] [Accepted: 04/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Pancetti F, Olmos C, Dagnino-Subiabre A, Rozas C, Morales B. Noncholinesterase effects induced by organophosphate pesticides and their relationship to cognitive processes: implication for the action of acylpeptide hydrolase. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2007; 10:623-30. [PMID: 18049927 DOI: 10.1080/10937400701436445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Organophosphate pesticides have been classically described as inhibitors of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in insects and invertebrates. However, there is now more evidence supporting the hypothesis that these compounds also act through noncholinergic pathways, especially those related to cognitive processes. The enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase was identified as a new target for organophosphate pesticides. This enzyme is more sensitive than AChE to some organophosphates (OP), including dichlorvos, which is the parent compound for metrifonate, a therapeutic agent used in the treatment of cognitive impairment associated to Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, there is some doubt as to whether the mechanism of action of this drug is mediated by a potentiation of cholinergic transmission. However, the direct action of acylpeptide hydrolase in cognitive processes and the physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying subacute exposure to OP have yet to be demonstrated. This review deals with evidence demonstrating the existence of mechanisms of actions of OP, which are independent of cholinergic pathway potentiation and which have an effect on cognitive processes. In addition, the possible participation of the enzyme acylpeptide hydrolase in these processes is also discussed. Finally, the possibility of using this enzyme activity as a new biomarker for exposure to OP is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floria Pancetti
- Laboratory of Environmental Neurotoxicology, Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Católica del Norte, Coquimbo, Chile.
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Morales B, Rozas C, Pancetti F, Kirkwood A. [Critical period of cortical plasticity]. Rev Neurol 2003; 37:739-43. [PMID: 14593633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND DEVELOPMENT Alterations of sensory experience cause large-scale re-arrangements of cortical connectivity only early in life. After a critical period that roughly ends by puberty, comparable modifications requires more invasive manipulations, including deafferentation and cortical lesions. At a cellular level, the elementary mechanisms responsible for synaptic modification appear to be available throughout life. Thus, in adults, experience dependent plasticity might be constrained additional factors, like the maturation of inhibition or changes in the extra cellular matrix. Such view is consistent with a limited, but not absent, modifiability of adult cortical circuits. This view also has interesting therapeutical implications. CONCLUSION In this scenario, manipulation of these limiting factors, for example reducing synaptic inhibition, might be a useful strategy to enhance plasticity and to restore function in the adult cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Morales
- Faculdad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
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Rozas C, Frank H, Heynen AJ, Morales B, Bear MF, Kirkwood A. Developmental inhibitory gate controls the relay of activity to the superficial layers of the visual cortex. J Neurosci 2001; 21:6791-801. [PMID: 11517267 PMCID: PMC6763109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
A developmental reduction in the radial transmission of synaptic activity has been proposed to underlie the end of the critical period for experience-dependent modification in layers II/III of the visual cortex. Using paired-pulse stimulation, we investigated in visual cortical slices how the propagation of synaptic activity to the superficial layers changes during development and how this process is affected by sensory experience. The results can be summarized as follows. (1) Layers II/III responses to repetitive stimulation of the white matter become increasingly depressed between the third and sixth week of postnatal development, a time course that parallels the end of the critical period. (2) Paired-pulse depression is reduced after dark rearing and also by blocking inhibitory synaptic transmission. (3) Paired-pulse depression and its regulation by age and sensory experience is more pronounced when stimulation is applied to the white matter than when applied to layer IV. Together, these results are consistent with the idea that the maturation of intracortical inhibition reduces the capability of the cortex to relay incoming high-frequency patterns of activity to the supragranular layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Rozas
- Department of Neuroscience, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island 02912, USA
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Letelier JC, Mpodozis J, Marin G, Morales D, Rozas C, Madrid C, Velasco M. Spatiotemporal profile of synaptic activation produced by the electrical and visual stimulation of retinal inputs to the optic tectum: a current source density analysis in the pigeon (Columba livia). Eur J Neurosci 2000; 12:47-57. [PMID: 10651859 DOI: 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2000.00872.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The optic tectum of the pigeon is a highly organized, multilayered structure that receives a massive polystratified afference of at least five different populations of retinal ganglion cells and gives rise to various anatomically segregated efferent systems. The synaptic organization of retino-tectal circuitry is, at present, mostly unknown. To investigate the spatiotemporal profile of synaptic activation produced by differential (electrical and visual) stimulation of the retinal inputs, we performed a high-spatial-resolution current source density analysis in the optic tectum of the anaesthetized pigeon. Electrical stimuli consisted of brief pulses of different durations applied to the optic nerve head, while visual stimuli consisted of light flashes of different intensities. Electrical stimulation generated sinks confined to retinorecipient layers. The temporal structure, spatial location and thresholds of these sinks indicated that they are all due to primary tectal synapses of retinal fibers with different conduction velocities. Sinks evoked by the fastest retinal axons were more superficially located than sinks produced by slower retinal fibers. Visual stimulation, on the other hand, resulted in a more complex pattern of current sinks, with various sinks located in the retinorecipient layers and also well below. Visual stimulation induced action potentials at superficial as well as deep tectal levels. We conclude that electrical stimulation activates most of the populations of ganglion cells as well as their primary tectal synapses, but is unable to elicit a significant activation of secondary tectal synapses. Visual stimulation, on the contrary, activates just some of the incoming retinal populations, but in a way that produces noticeable secondary activation of intratectal circuits. Laminar segregation of retinally evoked tectal activity, as reported here, has also been found in other vertebrates. Similarities and differences with previous studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Letelier
- Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Casilla 653, Santiago, Chile.
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Kirkwood A, Rozas C, Kirkwood J, Perez F, Bear MF. Modulation of long-term synaptic depression in visual cortex by acetylcholine and norepinephrine. J Neurosci 1999; 19:1599-609. [PMID: 10024347 PMCID: PMC6782177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In a slice preparation of rat visual cortex, we discovered that paired-pulse stimulation (PPS) elicits a form of homosynaptic long-term depression (LTD) in the superficial layers when carbachol (CCh) or norepinephrine (NE) is applied concurrently. PPS by itself, or CCh and NE in the absence of synaptic stimulation, produced no lasting change. The LTD induced by PPS in the presence of NE or CCh is of comparable magnitude with that obtained with prolonged low-frequency stimulation (LFS) but requires far fewer stimulation pulses (40 vs 900). The cholinergic facilitation of LTD was blocked by atropine and pirenzepine, suggesting involvement of M1 receptors. The noradrenergic facilitation of LTD was blocked by urapidil and was mimicked by methoxamine, suggesting involvement of alpha1 receptors. beta receptor agonists and antagonists were without effect. Induction of LTD by PPS was inhibited by NMDA receptor blockers (completely in the case of NE; partially in the case of CCh), suggesting that one action of the modulators is to control the gain of NMDA receptor-dependent homosynaptic LTD in visual cortex. We propose that this is a mechanism by which cholinergic and noradrenergic inputs to the neocortex modulate naturally occurring receptive field plasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kirkwood
- Mind Brain Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, USA
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Craig D, Yangco B, Ricchezza C, Kirkman L, Rozas C. Nosocomial pseudomonas maltophilia outbreak in an intensive care unit. Am J Infect Control 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/0196-6553(89)90095-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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