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Buvoli M, Wilson GC, Buvoli A, Gugel JF, Hau A, Bönnemann CG, Paradas C, Ryba DM, Woulfe KC, Walker LA, Buvoli T, Ochala J, Leinwand LA. A Laing distal myopathy-associated proline substitution in the β-myosin rod perturbs myosin cross-bridging activity. J Clin Invest 2024; 134:e172599. [PMID: 38690726 PMCID: PMC11060730 DOI: 10.1172/jci172599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Proline substitutions within the coiled-coil rod region of the β-myosin gene (MYH7) are the predominant mutations causing Laing distal myopathy (MPD1), an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by progressive weakness of distal/proximal muscles. We report that the MDP1 mutation R1500P, studied in what we believe to be the first mouse model for the disease, adversely affected myosin motor activity despite being in the structural rod domain that directs thick filament assembly. Contractility experiments carried out on isolated mutant muscles, myofibrils, and myofibers identified muscle fatigue and weakness phenotypes, an increased rate of actin-myosin detachment, and a conformational shift of the myosin heads toward the more reactive disordered relaxed (DRX) state, causing hypercontractility and greater ATP consumption. Similarly, molecular analysis of muscle biopsies from patients with MPD1 revealed a significant increase in sarcomeric DRX content, as observed in a subset of myosin motor domain mutations causing hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Finally, oral administration of MYK-581, a small molecule that decreases the population of heads in the DRX configuration, significantly improved the limited running capacity of the R1500P-transgenic mice and corrected the increased DRX state of the myofibrils from patients. These studies provide evidence of the molecular pathogenesis of proline rod mutations and lay the groundwork for the therapeutic advancement of myosin modulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Massimo Buvoli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Genevieve C.K. Wilson
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Ada Buvoli
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Jack F. Gugel
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Abbi Hau
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, and
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carsten G. Bönnemann
- Neuromuscular and Neurogenetic Disorders of Childhood Section, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), NIH, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Kathleen C. Woulfe
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori A. Walker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Colorado, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Tommaso Buvoli
- Department of Mathematics, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Julien Ochala
- Centre of Human and Applied Physiological Sciences, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, and
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, School of Basic and Medical Biosciences, Faculty of Life Sciences and Medicine, Guy’s Campus, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leslie A. Leinwand
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, and
- BioFrontiers Institute, Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado, USA
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Esteller D, Schiava M, Verdú-Díaz J, Villar-Quiles RN, Dibowski B, Venturelli N, Laforet P, Alonso-Pérez J, Olive M, Domínguez-González C, Paradas C, Vélez B, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Kierdaszuk B, Rodolico C, Claeys K, Pál E, Malfatti E, Souvannanorath S, Alonso-Jiménez A, de Ridder W, De Smet E, Papadimas G, Papadopoulos C, Xirou S, Luo S, Muelas N, Vilchez JJ, Ramos-Fransi A, Monforte M, Tasca G, Udd B, Palmio J, Sri S, Krause S, Schoser B, Fernández-Torrón R, López de Munain A, Pegoraro E, Farrugia ME, Vorgerd M, Manousakis G, Chanson JB, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Cetin H, Badrising U, Warman-Chardon J, Bevilacqua J, Earle N, Campero M, Díaz J, Ikenaga C, Lloyd TE, Nishino I, Nishimori Y, Saito Y, Oya Y, Takahashi Y, Nishikawa A, Sasaki R, Marini-Bettolo C, Guglieri M, Straub V, Stojkovic T, Carlier RY, Díaz-Manera J. Correction to: Analysis of muscle magnetic resonance imaging of a large cohort of patient with VCP‑mediated disease reveals characteristic features useful for diagnosis. J Neurol 2024; 271:2147-2148. [PMID: 38349561 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-12178-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Diana Esteller
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Schiava
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - José Verdú-Díaz
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío-Nur Villar-Quiles
- APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Dibowski
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Start Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Nadia Venturelli
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Start Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Département de Neurologie Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré Garches France Inserm U1179, Garches, France
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Virgen de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olive
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vélez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, ERN EURO NMD, Warsaw, Poland
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, ERN-EURO-NMD, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Biruta Kierdaszuk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, ERN EURO NMD, Warsaw, Poland
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, ERN-EURO-NMD, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- UOC di Neurologia e Malattie Neuromuscolari, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Rome, Italy
| | - Kristl Claeys
- Neurologie, Neuromusculair Referentiecentrum, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Endre Pál
- Neurology Department, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Université Paris Est, U955 INSERM, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, EURO-NMD, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Sarah Souvannanorath
- Université Paris Est, U955 INSERM, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, EURO-NMD, 94010, Creteil, France
| | | | - Willem de Ridder
- Neurology Department, Universitary Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eline De Smet
- Neurology Department, Universitary Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - George Papadimas
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, NKUA, ERN, EURO NMD, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Xirou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, NKUA, ERN, EURO NMD, Athens, Greece
| | - Sushan Luo
- Neurology Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shangai, China
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilchez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Unitat de Malalties Neuromusculars, Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mauro Monforte
- UOC di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhalsan Genetic Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhalsan Genetic Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Srtuhi Sri
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Insitute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sabine Krause
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Clinics, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Clinics, Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Farrugia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathias Vorgerd
- Heimer Institut for Muscle Research, Klinikum Bergmannsheil Ruhr, University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Jean Baptiste Chanson
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France and ERN-EURO-NMD, Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France and ERN-EURO-NMD, Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Neurology Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jorge Bevilacqua
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Nicholas Earle
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario Campero
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Chiseko Ikenaga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimori
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oya
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Guglieri
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Robert Y Carlier
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Start Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom.
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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Mavillard F, Perez-Florido J, Ortuño FM, Valladares A, Álvarez-Villegas ML, Roldán G, Carmona R, Soriano M, Susarte S, Fuentes P, López-López D, Nuñez-Negrillo AM, Carvajal A, Morgado Y, Arteaga D, Ufano R, Mir P, Gamella JF, Dopazo J, Paradas C, Cabrera-Serrano M. The Iberian Roma Population Variant Server (IRPVS). J Genet Genomics 2024:S1673-8527(24)00059-6. [PMID: 38548101 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2024.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mavillard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Javier Perez-Florido
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de medicina computacional de sistemas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Nodo de Genómica Funcional, (INB-ELIXIR-es), Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Francisco M Ortuño
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Ingeniería de Computadores, Automática y Robótica, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Amador Valladares
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Gema Roldán
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rosario Carmona
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Manuel Soriano
- Centro de Servicios Sociales, Negociado de Servicios Especializados, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Santiago Susarte
- Centro de Servicios Sociales, Negociado de Servicios Especializados, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Fuentes
- Centro de Servicios Sociales, Negociado de Servicios Especializados, Ayuntamiento de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Daniel López-López
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de medicina computacional de sistemas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Nodo de Genómica Funcional, (INB-ELIXIR-es), Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana María Nuñez-Negrillo
- Departamento de Enfermería, Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandra Carvajal
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Virgen de las Nieves, Granada, Spain
| | - Yolanda Morgado
- Departamento de Neurología, Hospital Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Rosa Ufano
- Centro de Salud Polígono Sur, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Departamento de Medicina, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan F Gamella
- Departamento de Antropología Social, Universidad de Granada, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- Plataforma Andaluza de Medicina Computacional, Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Grupo de medicina computacional de sistemas, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain; Nodo de Genómica Funcional, (INB-ELIXIR-es), Fundación Progreso y Salud (FPS), Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain; Bioinformática en Enfermedades raras (BiER), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain; Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain; Unidad Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.
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Atalaia A, Wandrei D, Lalout N, Thompson R, Tassoni A, 't Hoen PAC, Athanasiou D, Baker SA, Sakellariou P, Paliouras G, D'Angelo C, Horvath R, Mancuso M, van der Beek N, Kornblum C, Kirschner J, Pareyson D, Bassez G, Blacas L, Jacoupy M, Eng C, Lamy F, Plançon JP, Haberlova J, Brusse E, Hoeijmakers JGJ, de Visser M, Claeys KG, Paradas C, Toscano A, Silani V, Gyenge M, Reviers E, Hamroun D, Vroom E, Wilkinson MD, Lochmuller H, Evangelista T. EURO-NMD registry: federated FAIR infrastructure, innovative technologies and concepts of a patient-centred registry for rare neuromuscular disorders. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2024; 19:66. [PMID: 38355534 PMCID: PMC10865673 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-024-03059-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The EURO-NMD Registry collects data from all neuromuscular patients seen at EURO-NMD's expert centres. In-kind contributions from three patient organisations have ensured that the registry is patient-centred, meaningful, and impactful. The consenting process covers other uses, such as research, cohort finding and trial readiness. RESULTS The registry has three-layered datasets, with European Commission-mandated data elements (EU-CDEs), a set of cross-neuromuscular data elements (NMD-CDEs) and a dataset of disease-specific data elements that function modularly (DS-DEs). The registry captures clinical, neuromuscular imaging, neuromuscular histopathology, biological and genetic data and patient-reported outcomes in a computer-interpretable format using selected ontologies and classifications. The EURO-NMD registry is connected to the EURO-NMD Registry Hub through an interoperability layer. The Hub provides an entry point to other neuromuscular registries that follow the FAIR data stewardship principles and enable GDPR-compliant information exchange. Four national or disease-specific patient registries are interoperable with the EURO-NMD Registry, allowing for federated analysis across these different resources. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, the Registry Hub brings together data that are currently siloed and fragmented to improve healthcare and advance research for neuromuscular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Atalaia
- Inserm Center of Research in Myology, Neuro-Myology Service G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Dagmar Wandrei
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Nawel Lalout
- Medical BioSciences Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Duchenne Parent Project, Veenendaal, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Thompson
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
| | - Adrian Tassoni
- Clinical Trials Unit, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Peter A C 't Hoen
- Medical BioSciences Department, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Carla D'Angelo
- European Reference Network for Rare Neuromuscular Diseases EURO-NMD, Institute of Myology, University Hospital Pitie-Salpetriere-APHP, Paris, France
| | - Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Neurological Institute, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nadine van der Beek
- Department of Neurology/Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelia Kornblum
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Diseases Section, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Janbernd Kirschner
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Davide Pareyson
- Unit of Rare Neurological Diseases. Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta, Milan, Italy
| | - Guillaume Bassez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP Paris, Paris, France
| | - Laura Blacas
- Association Institute of Myology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Jacoupy
- Association Institute of Myology, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Catherine Eng
- Association Française Contre Les Myopathies, AFM-Téléthon, Evry, France
| | - François Lamy
- Association Française Contre Les Myopathies, AFM-Téléthon, Evry, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Plançon
- European Patient Organisation for Dysimmune and Inflammatory Neuropathies, Paris, France
| | - Jana Haberlova
- Neuromuscular Center, University Hospital Motol, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Esther Brusse
- Department of Neurology/Center for Lysosomal and Metabolic Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke G J Hoeijmakers
- Department of Neurology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, and MHeNS, School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Location Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, and Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), Louvain, Belgium
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/IBiS, Avda Manuel Siurot S/N, 41013, Seville, Andalucía, Spain
| | - Antonio Toscano
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, AOU G. Martino Di Messina, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Silani
- Department of Neurology and Laboratory of Neuroscience, IRCCS Istituto Auxologico Italiano, Milan, Italy
| | - Melinda Gyenge
- Neuromuscular Diseases Reference Center, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, APHP Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Dalil Hamroun
- CHRU de Montpellier, Direction de la Recherche et de L'Innovation, Hôpital La Colombière, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Mark D Wilkinson
- Departamento de Biotecnología-Biología Vegetal, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas UPM-INIA, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria (INIA/CSIC), 28223, Madrid, ES, Spain
| | - Hanns Lochmuller
- Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, Canada
- Department of Neuropediatrics and Muscle Disorders, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Teresinha Evangelista
- Neuromuscular Pathology Functional Unit; Neuropathology Service, Institute of Myology, University Hospital Pitié-Salpêtrière-APHP, Paris, France
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5
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Martinez-Marin RJ, Reyes-Leiva D, Nascimento A, Muelas N, Dominguez-González C, Paradas C, Olivé M, García-Romero M, Pascual-Pascual SI, Grau JM, Barba-Romero MA, Gomez-Caravaca MT, de Las Heras J, Casquero P, Mendoza MD, de León JC, Gutierrez A, Morís G, Blanco-Lago R, Ramos-Fransi A, Pintós G, García-Antelo MJ, Rabasa M, Morgado Y, Usón M, Miralles FJ, Bárcena-Llona JE, Gómez-Belda AB, Pedraza-Hueso MI, Hortelano M, Colomé A, Garcia-Martin G, Lopez de Munain A, Jericó I, Galán-Dávila L, Pardo J, Salgueiro-Origlia G, Alonso-Pérez J, Pla-Junca F, Schiava M, Segovia-Simón S, Díaz-Manera J. Description of clinical and genetic features of 122 patients included in the Spanish Pompe registry. Neuromuscul Disord 2024; 34:1-8. [PMID: 38087756 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Pompe disease is a rare genetic disorder with an estimated prevalence of 1:60.000. The two main phenotypes are Infantile Onset Pompe Disease (IOPD) and Late Onset Pompe Disease (LOPD). There is no published data from Spain regarding the existing number of cases, regional distribution, clinical features or, access and response to the treatment. We created a registry to collect all these data from patients with Pompe in Spain. Here, we report the data of the 122 patients registered including nine IOPD and 113 LOPD patients. There was a high variability in how the diagnosis was obtained and how the follow-up was performed among different centres. Seven IOPD patients were still alive being all treated with enzymatic replacement therapy (ERT) at last visit. Ninety four of the 113 LOPD patients had muscle weakness of which 81 were receiving ERT. We observed a progressive decline in the results of muscle function tests during follow-up. Overall, the Spanish Pompe Registry is a valuable resource for understanding the demographics, patient's journey and clinical characteristics of patients in Spain. Our data supports the development of agreed guidelines to ensure that the care provided to the patients is standardized across the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Jenaro Martinez-Marin
- NeuService, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital - Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Reyes-Leiva
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Servicio de Neuropediatría, CIBERER, ERN-NMD, Hospital Sant Joan de Deu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- CIBERER, Spain; Neurology Service, Hospital La Fe de Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - C Dominguez-González
- CIBERER, Spain; Neurology Service, Hospital 12 de Octubre, imas12 Research Institute, ERN-NMD, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Service, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Service, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mar García-Romero
- Neuropaediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Josep Maria Grau
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | - Javier de Las Heras
- Division of Pediatric Metabolism at Cruces University Hospital, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), European Reference Network for Hereditary Metabolic Disorders (MetabERN), Biocruces-Bizkaia Health Research Institute and University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Barakaldo, Spain
| | - Pilar Casquero
- Neurology Service, Hospital Mateu Orfila, Menorca, Spain
| | | | - Juan Carlos de León
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Nuestra Señora de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
| | | | - Germán Morís
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Raquel Blanco-Lago
- Paediatrics Service, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Guillem Pintós
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital Universitario Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Maria Rabasa
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario de Fuenlabrada, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mercedes Usón
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Son Llatzer, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | - Miryam Hortelano
- Paediatric Service, Hospital Universitario de Segovia, Segovia Spain
| | - Antoni Colomé
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital de Terrassa, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo Lopez de Munain
- Neurology Service, Instituto Biodonostia-CIBERNED-EHU-UPV, Hospital Universitario Donostia-OSAKIDETZA, Spain
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- Neurology Service, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Spain
| | - Lucía Galán-Dávila
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Julio Pardo
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela. Spain
| | - Giorgina Salgueiro-Origlia
- Internal Medicine Service, Hospital La Paz Institute for Health Research - IdiPAZ (La Paz University Hospital, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain
| | - Francesc Pla-Junca
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain
| | - Marianela Schiava
- John Walton Muscular Distrophy Research Center, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sonia Segovia-Simón
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Institut de Recerca Biomedica Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; CIBERER, Spain; John Walton Muscular Distrophy Research Center, Newcastle University, UK.
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6
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Esteller D, Schiava M, Verdú-Díaz J, Villar-Quiles RN, Dibowski B, Venturelli N, Laforet P, Alonso-Pérez J, Olive M, Domínguez-González C, Paradas C, Vélez B, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Kierdaszuk B, Rodolico C, Claeys K, Pál E, Malfatti E, Souvannanorath S, Alonso-Jiménez A, de Ridder W, De Smet E, Papadimas G, Papadopoulos C, Xirou S, Luo S, Muelas N, Vilchez JJ, Ramos-Fransi A, Monforte M, Tasca G, Udd B, Palmio J, Sri S, Krause S, Schoser B, Fernández-Torrón R, López de Munain A, Pegoraro E, Farrugia ME, Vorgerd M, Manousakis G, Chanson JB, Nadaj-Pakleza A, Cetin H, Badrising U, Warman-Chardon J, Bevilacqua J, Earle N, Campero M, Díaz J, Ikenaga C, Lloyd TE, Nishino I, Nishimori Y, Saito Y, Oya Y, Takahashi Y, Nishikawa A, Sasaki R, Marini-Bettolo C, Guglieri M, Straub V, Stojkovic T, Carlier RY, Díaz-Manera J. Analysis of muscle magnetic resonance imaging of a large cohort of patient with VCP-mediated disease reveals characteristic features useful for diagnosis. J Neurol 2023; 270:5849-5865. [PMID: 37603075 PMCID: PMC10632218 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-023-11862-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The diagnosis of patients with mutations in the VCP gene can be complicated due to their broad phenotypic spectrum including myopathy, motor neuron disease and peripheral neuropathy. Muscle MRI guides the diagnosis in neuromuscular diseases (NMDs); however, comprehensive muscle MRI features for VCP patients have not been reported so far. METHODS We collected muscle MRIs of 80 of the 255 patients who participated in the "VCP International Study" and reviewed the T1-weighted (T1w) and short tau inversion recovery (STIR) sequences. We identified a series of potential diagnostic MRI based characteristics useful for the diagnosis of VCP disease and validated them in 1089 MRIs from patients with other genetically confirmed NMDs. RESULTS Fat replacement of at least one muscle was identified in all symptomatic patients. The most common finding was the existence of patchy areas of fat replacement. Although there was a wide variability of muscles affected, we observed a common pattern characterized by the involvement of periscapular, paraspinal, gluteal and quadriceps muscles. STIR signal was enhanced in 67% of the patients, either in the muscle itself or in the surrounding fascia. We identified 10 diagnostic characteristics based on the pattern identified that allowed us to distinguish VCP disease from other neuromuscular diseases with high accuracy. CONCLUSIONS Patients with mutations in the VCP gene had common features on muscle MRI that are helpful for diagnosis purposes, including the presence of patchy fat replacement and a prominent involvement of the periscapular, paraspinal, abdominal and thigh muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Esteller
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clinic de Barcelona, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marianela Schiava
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - José Verdú-Díaz
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Rocío-Nur Villar-Quiles
- APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Boris Dibowski
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Start Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Nadia Venturelli
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Start Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Département de Neurologie Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré Garches France Inserm U1179, Garches, France
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Servicio de Neurología. Hospital Virgen de la Candelaria, Tenerife, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olive
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología, Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vélez
- Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares, Servicio de Neurología, Hospital Virgen del Rocio, Seville, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, ERN EURO NMD, Warsaw, Poland
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, ERN-EURO-NMD, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Biruta Kierdaszuk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, ERN EURO NMD, Warsaw, Poland
- Neuromuscular Reference Centre, ERN-EURO-NMD, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- UOC di Neurologia e Malattie Neuromuscolari, AOU Policlinico "G. Martino", Rome, Italy
| | - Kristl Claeys
- Neurologie, Neuromusculair Referentiecentrum, Universitaire Ziekenhuizen, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Endre Pál
- Neurology Department, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- Université Paris Est, U955 INSERM, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, EURO-NMD, 94010, Creteil, France
| | - Sarah Souvannanorath
- Université Paris Est, U955 INSERM, Centre de Référence de Pathologie Neuromusculaire Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, EURO-NMD, 94010, Creteil, France
| | | | - Willem de Ridder
- Neurology Department, Universitary Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Eline De Smet
- Neurology Department, Universitary Hospital Antwerpen, Edegem, Belgium
| | - George Papadimas
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, NKUA, ERN, EURO NMD, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Sofia Xirou
- Department of Neurology, Eginition Hospital, Medical School, NKUA, ERN, EURO NMD, Athens, Greece
| | - Sushan Luo
- Neurology Department, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shangai, China
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan J Vilchez
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari I Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Unitat de Malalties Neuromusculars, Servei de Neurologia, Hospital Germans Tries I Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Mauro Monforte
- UOC di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhalsan Genetic Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhalsan Genetic Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Srtuhi Sri
- Sree Chitra Tirunal Insitute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, India
| | - Sabine Krause
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Clinics, Munich, Germany
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, LMU Clinics, Munich, Germany
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Barcelona, Spain
- Neurology Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia, Spain
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Elena Farrugia
- Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, Scotland, UK
| | - Mathias Vorgerd
- Heimer Institut for Muscle Research, Klinikum Bergmannsheil Ruhr, University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | | | - Jean Baptiste Chanson
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France and ERN-EURO-NMD, Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza
- Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile-de-France and ERN-EURO-NMD, Neurology Department, Hôpitaux Universitaires de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Neurology Department, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | | | - Jorge Bevilacqua
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Nicholas Earle
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Mario Campero
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Jorge Díaz
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Chiseko Ikenaga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Thomas E Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukako Nishimori
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasushi Oya
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, NCNP, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiaki Takahashi
- Department of Neurology, Kagawa Prefectural Central Hospital, Kagawa, Japan
| | | | - Ryo Sasaki
- Department of Neurology, Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, Okayama, Japan
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Guglieri
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Centre de Recherche en Myologie, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Robert Y Carlier
- Department of Radiology, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), DMU Start Imaging, Raymond Poincaré Teaching Hospital, Garches, France
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Center for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE13BZ, United Kingdom.
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Neurology Department, Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica Sant Pau (IIB SANT PAU), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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7
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Mavillard F, Servian-Morilla E, Dofash L, Rojas-Marcos I, Folland C, Monahan G, Gutierrez-Gutierrez G, Rivas E, Hernández-Lain A, Valladares A, Cantero G, Morales JM, Laing NG, Paradas C, Ravenscroft G, Cabrera-Serrano M. Ablation of the carboxy-terminal end of MAMDC2 causes a distinct muscular dystrophy. Brain 2023; 146:5235-5248. [PMID: 37503746 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) has an important role in the development and maintenance of skeletal muscle, and several muscle diseases are associated with the dysfunction of ECM elements. MAMDC2 is a putative ECM protein and its role in cell proliferation has been investigated in certain cancer types. However, its participation in skeletal muscle physiology has not been previously studied. We describe 17 individuals with an autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy belonging to two unrelated families in which different heterozygous truncating variants in the last exon of MAMDC2 co-segregate correctly with the disease. The radiological aspect of muscle involvement resembles that of COL6 myopathies with fat replacement at the peripheral rim of vastii muscles. In this cohort, a subfascial and peri-tendinous pattern is observed in upper and lower limb muscles. Here we show that MAMDC2 is expressed in adult skeletal muscle and differentiating muscle cells, where it appears to localize to the sarcoplasm and myonuclei. In addition, we show it is secreted by myoblasts and differentiating myotubes into to the extracellular compartment. The last exon encodes a disordered region with a polar residue compositional bias loss of which likely induces a toxic effect of the mutant protein. The precise mechanisms by which the altered MAMDC2 proteins cause disease remains to be determined. MAMDC2 is a skeletal muscle disease-associated protein. Its role in muscle development and ECM-muscle communication remains to be fully elucidated. Screening of the last exon of MAMDC2 should be considered in patients presenting with autosomal dominant muscular dystrophy, particularly in those with a subfascial radiological pattern of muscle involvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mavillard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Emilia Servian-Morilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lein Dofash
- Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Iñigo Rojas-Marcos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Chiara Folland
- Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gavin Monahan
- Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Gerardo Gutierrez-Gutierrez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofia, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid 28702, Spain
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Department of Neuropathology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | | | - Amador Valladares
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Gloria Cantero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jose M Morales
- Department of Neuroradiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Nigel G Laing
- Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
| | - Gianina Ravenscroft
- Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED). Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28220 Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Medical Research, Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla 41013, Spain
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Dou J, Bakulski K, Guo K, Hur J, Zhao L, Saez-Atienzar S, Stark A, Chia R, García-Redondo A, Rojas-Garcia R, Vázquez Costa JF, Santiago RF, Bandres-Ciga S, Gómez-Garre P, Periñán MT, Mir P, Pérez-Tur J, Cardona F, Menendez-Gonzalez M, Riancho J, Borrego-Hernández D, Galán-Dávila L, Ceberio JI, Pastor P, Paradas C, Dols-Icardo O, Traynor BJ, Feldman EL, Goutman SA. Erratum: Cumulative Genetic Score and C9orf72 Repeat Status Independently Contribute to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk in 2 Case-Control Studies. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200095. [PMID: 37521204 PMCID: PMC10374345 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1212/NXG.0000000000200079.].
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9
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Schiava M, Ikenaga C, Topf A, Caballero-Ávila M, Chou TF, Li S, Wang F, Daw J, Stojkovic T, Villar-Quiles R, Nishino I, Inoue M, Nishimori Y, Saito Y, Katsuno M, Noda S, Ito C, Otsuka M, Nahir S, Manousakis G, Walk D, Quinn C, Alfano L, Sahenk Z, Tasca G, Monforte M, Sabatelli M, Bisogni G, Oldfors A, Rydeliu A, Pal E, Paradas C, Velez B, De Bleecker JL, Farugia ME, Longman C, Harms MB, Ralston S, Zanoteli E, Macedo Serafim da Silva A, Sotoca J, Juntas-Morales R, Bevilacqua J, Balart M, Talbot S, Straub V, Guglieri M, Marini-Bettolo C, Diaz-Manera J, Weihl CC. Clinical Classification of Variants in the Valosin-Containing Protein Gene Associated With Multisystem Proteinopathy. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200093. [PMID: 37588275 PMCID: PMC10427110 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Pathogenic variants in the valosin-containing protein (VCP) gene cause a phenotypically heterogeneous disorder that includes myopathy, motor neuron disease, Paget disease of the bone, frontotemporal dementia, and parkinsonism termed multisystem proteinopathy. This hallmark pleiotropy makes the classification of novel VCP variants challenging. This retrospective study describes and assesses the effect of 19 novel or nonpreviously clinically characterized VCP variants identified in 28 patients (26 unrelated families) in the retrospective VCP International Multicenter Study. Methods A 6-item clinical score was developed to evaluate the phenotypic level of evidence to support the pathogenicity of the novel variants. Each item is allocated a value, a score ranging from 0.5 to 5.5 points. A receiver-operating characteristic curve was used to identify a cutoff value of 3 to consider a variant as high likelihood disease associated. The scoring system results were confronted with results of in vitro ATPase activity assays and with in silico analysis. Results All variants were missense, except for one small deletion-insertion, 18 led to amino acid changes within the N and D1 domains, and 13 increased the enzymatic activity. The clinical score coincided with the functional studies in 17 of 19 variants and with the in silico analysis in 12 of 19. For 12 variants, the 3 predictive tools agreed, and for 7 variants, the predictive tools disagreed. The pooled data supported the pathogenicity of 13 of 19 novel VCP variants identified in the study. Discussion This study provides data to support pathogenicity of 14 of 19 novel VCP variants and provides guidance for clinicians in the evaluation of novel variants in the VCP gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Schiava
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Chiseko Ikenaga
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Ana Topf
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Marta Caballero-Ávila
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Tsui-Fen Chou
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Shan Li
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Feng Wang
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jil Daw
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Rocio Villar-Quiles
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Michio Inoue
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Yukako Nishimori
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Yoshihiko Saito
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Masahisa Katsuno
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Seiya Noda
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Chihiro Ito
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Mieko Otsuka
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Sruthi Nahir
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Georgios Manousakis
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - David Walk
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Colin Quinn
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Lindsay Alfano
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Zarife Sahenk
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Giorgio Tasca
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Mauro Monforte
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Mario Sabatelli
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Giulia Bisogni
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Anders Oldfors
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Anna Rydeliu
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Endre Pal
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Carmen Paradas
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Beatriz Velez
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Maria Elena Farugia
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Cheryl Longman
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Matthew B Harms
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Stuart Ralston
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Andre Macedo Serafim da Silva
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Javier Sotoca
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Raul Juntas-Morales
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jorge Bevilacqua
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Mireya Balart
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Stuart Talbot
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Volker Straub
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Michela Guglieri
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
| | - Conrad Chris Weihl
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (M. Schiava, A.T., V.S., M.G., C.M.-B., J.D.-M.), Institute of Genetic Medicine, Centre for Life, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine (C. Ikenaga), Baltimore, MD; Unidad de Enfermedades Neuromusculares (M.C.-Á.), Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Biology and Biological Engineering (T.-F.C., S.L., F.W.), California Institute of Technology, Pasadena; Department of Neurology (J.D.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; APHP Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Institut de Myologie Sorbonne Université APHP Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière Paris (T.S., R.V.-Q.), France; Department of Neuromuscular Research (I.N., M.I., Y.N., Y.S.), National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP); Departments of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda) and Clinical Research Education (M.K., S. Noda), Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.K., S. Noda), National Hospital Organization Suzuka Hospital; Department of Neurology (C. Ito), Aichi Medical University School of Medicine; Department of Neurology (M.O.), International University of Health and Welfare Hospital, Japan; Department of Neurology Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology (S. Nahir), Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India; Department of Neurology (G.M., D.W.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis; Department of Neurology (C.Q.), University of Pennsylvania, Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia; Center for Gene Therapy (L.A., Z.S.), The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital; Department of Pediatrics (L.A., Z.S.), The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus; Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli IRCCS (G.T., M.M.); Centro clinico NEMO- Fondazione policlinico universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS (M. Sabatelli, G.B.), Rome, Italy; Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg (A.O.); Department of Neurology (A.R.), Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Sweden; Departments of Neurology and Neuropathology (E.P.), University of Pécs, Hungary; Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío (C.P., B.V.); Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (C.P.); Centre for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED) Instituto de Salud Carlos III (C.P., B.V.), Madrid, Spain; Neurology Department and Neuromuscular Reference Centre (J.L.D.B.), Gent, Blegium, part of the ERN NMD; Institute of Neurological Sciences (M.E.F.); West Scotland Regional Genetics Service (C.L.), Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom; Columbia University Irving Medical Centre (M.B.H.), New York; Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine (S.R.), Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Department of Neurology (E.Z., A.M.S.S.), School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), Brazil; Neurology Service (J.S., R.J.-M.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Barcelona, Spain; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía (J.B.), HCUCH, Departamento de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile; Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica (M.B.), Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile; Newcastle University (S.T.), Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; and Department of Neurology (C.C.W.), Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO
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10
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Ortiz-Vitali JL, Wu J, Xu N, Shieh AW, Niknejad N, Takeuchi M, Paradas C, Lin C, Jafar-Nejad H, Haltiwanger RS, Wang SH, Darabi R. Disease modeling and gene correction of LGMDR21 iPSCs elucidates the role of POGLUT1 in skeletal muscle maintenance, regeneration, and the satellite cell niche. Mol Ther Nucleic Acids 2023; 33:683-697. [PMID: 37650119 PMCID: PMC10462830 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2023.07.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Autosomal recessive limb-girdle muscular dystrophy 21 (LGMDR21) is caused by pathogenic variants in protein O-glucosyltransferase 1 (POGLUT1), which is responsible for O-glucosylation of specific epidermal growth factor (EGF) repeats found in ∼50 mammalian proteins, including Notch receptors. Previous data from patient biopsies indicated that impaired Notch signaling, reduction of muscle stem cells, and accelerated differentiation are probably involved in disease etiopathology. Using patient induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their corrected isotypes, and control iPSCs, gene expression profiling indicated dysregulation of POGLUT1, NOTCH, muscle development, extracellular matrix (ECM), cell adhesion, and migration as involved pathways. They also exhibited reduced in vitro POGLUT1 enzymatic activity and NOTCH signaling as well as defective myogenesis, proliferation, migration and differentiation. Furthermore, in vivo studies demonstrated significant reductions in engraftment, muscle stem cell formation, PAX7 expression, and maintenance, along with an increased percentage of mislocalized PAX7+ cells in the interstitial space. Gene correction in patient iPSCs using CRISPR-Cas9 nickase led to the rescue of the main in vitro and in vivo phenotypes. These results demonstrate the efficacy of iPSCs and gene correction in disease modeling and rescue of the phenotypes and provide evidence of the involvement of muscle stem cell niche localization, PAX7 expression, and cell migration as possible mechanisms in LGMDR21.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose L. Ortiz-Vitali
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jianbo Wu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nasa Xu
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Annie W. Shieh
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Nima Niknejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Megumi Takeuchi
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen Del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Avd. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Chunru Lin
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Hamed Jafar-Nejad
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert S. Haltiwanger
- Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Sidney H. Wang
- Center for Human Genetics, The Brown Foundation Institute of Molecular Medicine for the Prevention of Human Diseases (IMM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Radbod Darabi
- Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine (CSCRM), University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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11
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de Bruyn A, Montagnese F, Holm-Yildiz S, Scharff Poulsen N, Stojkovic T, Behin A, Palmio J, Jokela M, De Bleecker JL, de Visser M, van der Kooi AJ, Ten Dam L, Domínguez González C, Maggi L, Gallone A, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Macias A, Łusakowska A, Nedkova V, Olive M, Álvarez-Velasco R, Wanschitz J, Paradas C, Mavillard F, Querin G, Fernández-Eulate G, Quinlivan R, Walter MC, Depuydt CE, Udd B, Vissing J, Schoser B, Claeys KG. Anoctamin-5 related muscle disease: clinical and genetic findings in a large European cohort. Brain 2023; 146:3800-3815. [PMID: 36913258 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awad088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Anoctamin-5 related muscle disease is caused by biallelic pathogenic variants in the anoctamin-5 gene (ANO5) and shows variable clinical phenotypes: limb-girdle muscular dystrophy type 12 (LGMD-R12), distal muscular dystrophy type 3 (MMD3), pseudometabolic myopathy or asymptomatic hyperCKaemia. In this retrospective, observational, multicentre study we gathered a large European cohort of patients with ANO5-related muscle disease to study the clinical and genetic spectrum and genotype-phenotype correlations. We included 234 patients from 212 different families, contributed by 15 centres from 11 European countries. The largest subgroup was LGMD-R12 (52.6%), followed by pseudometabolic myopathy (20.5%), asymptomatic hyperCKaemia (13.7%) and MMD3 (13.2%). In all subgroups, there was a male predominance, except for pseudometabolic myopathy. Median age at symptom onset of all patients was 33 years (range 23-45 years). The most frequent symptoms at onset were myalgia (35.3%) and exercise intolerance (34.1%), while at last clinical evaluation most frequent symptoms and signs were proximal lower limb weakness (56.9%) and atrophy (38.1%), myalgia (45.1%) and atrophy of the medial gastrocnemius muscle (38.4%). Most patients remained ambulatory (79.4%). At last evaluation, 45.9% of patients with LGMD-R12 additionally had distal weakness in the lower limbs and 48.4% of patients with MMD3 also showed proximal lower limb weakness. Age at symptom onset did not differ significantly between males and females. However, males had a higher risk of using walking aids earlier (P = 0.035). No significant association was identified between sportive versus non-sportive lifestyle before symptom onset and age at symptom onset nor any of the motor outcomes. Cardiac and respiratory involvement that would require treatment occurred very rarely. Ninety-nine different pathogenic variants were identified in ANO5 of which 25 were novel. The most frequent variants were c.191dupA (p.Asn64Lysfs*15) (57.7%) and c.2272C>T (p.Arg758Cys) (11.1%). Patients with two loss-of function variants used walking aids at a significantly earlier age (P = 0.037). Patients homozygous for the c.2272C>T variant showed a later use of walking aids compared to patients with other variants (P = 0.043). We conclude that there was no correlation of the clinical phenotype with the specific genetic variants, and that LGMD-R12 and MMD3 predominantly affect males who have a significantly worse motor outcome. Our study provides useful information for clinical follow up of the patients and for the design of clinical trials with novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander de Bruyn
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federica Montagnese
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Sonja Holm-Yildiz
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (CNMC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nanna Scharff Poulsen
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (CNMC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Anthony Behin
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Johanna Palmio
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - Manu Jokela
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
- Neurocenter, Department of Neurology, Clinical Neurosciences, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - Jan L De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Gent, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Neuroscience Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1107 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anneke J van der Kooi
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Neuroscience Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1107 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leroy Ten Dam
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Location AMC, Neuroscience Institute, University of Amsterdam, 1107 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Domínguez González
- Reference Center for Rare Neuromuscular Disorders, imas12 Research Institute, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Biomedical Network Research Center on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28041 Madrid, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Maggi
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Annamaria Gallone
- Neuroimmunology and Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico "Carlo Besta", 20133 Milan, Italy
| | | | - Anna Macias
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Łusakowska
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, 02-091 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Velina Nedkova
- Department of Neurology, Bellvitge Hospital, 08041 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olive
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sat Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez-Velasco
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sat Pau), 08041 Barcelona, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28001 Madrid, Spain
| | - Julia Wanschitz
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Fabiola Mavillard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
- Centro Investigacion Biomedica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Giorgia Querin
- Institut de Myologie, I-Motion Adult ClinicalTrials Platform, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Gorka Fernández-Eulate
- Reference Center for Neuromuscular Disorders Nord/Est/Île-de-France, Sorbonne Université, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Ros Quinlivan
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, WC1N 3BG London, UK
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Christophe E Depuydt
- Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Neuromuscular Center, Department of Neurology, Tampere University Hospital, 33520 Tampere, Finland
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center (CNMC), Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, 80336 Munich, Germany
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, and Leuven Brain Institute (LBI), 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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12
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Dou J, Bakulski K, Guo K, Hur J, Zhao L, Saez-Atienzar S, Stark A, Chia R, García-Redondo A, Rojas-Garcia R, Vázquez Costa JF, Fernandez Santiago R, Bandres-Ciga S, Gómez-Garre P, Periñán MT, Mir P, Pérez-Tur J, Cardona F, Menendez-Gonzalez M, Riancho J, Borrego-Hernández D, Galán-Dávila L, Infante Ceberio J, Pastor P, Paradas C, Dols-Icardo O, Traynor BJ, Feldman EL, Goutman SA. Cumulative Genetic Score and C9orf72 Repeat Status Independently Contribute to Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Risk in 2 Case-Control Studies. Neurol Genet 2023; 9:e200079. [PMID: 37293291 PMCID: PMC10245939 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Most patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) lack a monogenic mutation. This study evaluates ALS cumulative genetic risk in an independent Michigan and Spanish replication cohort using polygenic scores. Methods Participant samples from University of Michigan were genotyped and assayed for the chromosome 9 open reading frame 72 hexanucleotide expansion. Final cohort size was 219 ALS and 223 healthy controls after genotyping and participant filtering. Polygenic scores excluding the C9 region were generated using an independent ALS genome-wide association study (20,806 cases, 59,804 controls). Adjusted logistic regression and receiver operating characteristic curves evaluated the association and classification between polygenic scores and ALS status, respectively. Population attributable fractions and pathway analyses were conducted. An independent Spanish study sample (548 cases, 2,756 controls) was used for replication. Results Polygenic scores constructed from 275 single-nucleotide variation (SNV) had the best model fit in the Michigan cohort. An SD increase in ALS polygenic score associated with 1.28 (95% CI 1.04-1.57) times higher odds of ALS with area under the curve of 0.663 vs a model without the ALS polygenic score (p value = 1 × 10-6). The population attributable fraction of the highest 20th percentile of ALS polygenic scores, relative to the lowest 80th percentile, was 4.1% of ALS cases. Genes annotated to this polygenic score enriched for important ALS pathomechanisms. Meta-analysis with the Spanish study, using a harmonized 132 single nucleotide variation polygenic score, yielded similar logistic regression findings (odds ratio: 1.13, 95% CI 1.04-1.23). Discussion ALS polygenic scores can account for cumulative genetic risk in populations and reflect disease-relevant pathways. If further validated, this polygenic score will inform future ALS risk models.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kelly Bakulski
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kai Guo
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Junguk Hur
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lili Zhao
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Saez-Atienzar
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ali Stark
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruth Chia
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-Garcia
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Vázquez Costa
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ruben Fernandez Santiago
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sara Bandres-Ciga
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pilar Gómez-Garre
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Periñán
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Mir
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Cardona
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Manuel Menendez-Gonzalez
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lucia Galán-Dávila
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jon Infante Ceberio
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Pastor
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Oriol Dols-Icardo
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Bryan J Traynor
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eva L Feldman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stephen A Goutman
- From the Department of Epidemiology (J.D., K.B.), School of Public Health, Department of Neurology (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), NeuroNetwork for Emerging Therapies (K.G., E.L.F., S.A.G.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Department of Biomedical Sciences (J.H.), University of North Dakota, Grand Forks; Department of Biostatistics (L.Z.), School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; Neuromuscular Diseases Research Section (S.S.-A., A.S., R.C., B.J.T.), Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, NIH, Bethesda, MD; ALS Unit (A.G.-R., D.B.-H.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria "i + 12" del Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre de Madrid, SERMAS, CIBERER (A.G.-R., R.R.-G., J.F.V.C., D.B.-H.), Center for Networked Biomedical Research into Rare Diseases, Madrid; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (R.R.-G.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona; Neuromuscular Unit (J.F.V.C.), Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe; Department of Medicine (J.F.V.C.), Universitat de València; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (R.F.S., P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M., J.P.-T., F.C., O.D.-I.), Madrid; Lab of Parkinson's disease and Other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders (R.F.S.), IDIBAPS-Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques, Barcelona; Unitat de Parkinson i Trastorns del Moviment, Servicio de Neurologia (R.F.S.), Hospital Clínic de Barcelona and Institut de Neurociencies de la Universitat de Barcelona (Maria de Maetzu Center), Catalonia, Spain; Center for Alzheimer's and Related Dementias (S.B.-C.), National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD; Unidad de Trastornos del Movimiento (P.G.-G., M.T.P., P.M.), Servicio de Neurología y Neurofisiología Clínica, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC; Departamento de Medicina (P.M.), Universidad de Sevilla; Neurology and Molecular Genetics Mixed Investigation Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Molecular Genetics Unit (J.P.-T., F.C.), Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC; Department of Medicine (M.M.-G.), Universidad de Oviedo; Department of Neurology (M.M.-G.), Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (M.M.-G.), Oviedo, Spain; Service of Neurology (J.R.), Hospital Sierrallana, IDIVAL University of Cantabria, Torrelavega; Instituto de Investigación Marqués de Valdecilla (J.R., J.I.C.), Santander; Department of Neurology (L.G.-D.), ALS Unit, Hospital Clínico Universitario "San Carlos," Madrid; Unit of Neurodegenerative Diseases (P.P.), Department of Neurology, University Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol; Neurosciences (P.P.), The Germans Trias i Pujol Research Institute (IGTP) Badalona; Department of Neurology (C.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocio, Sevilla; and Memory Unit (O.D.-I.), Neurology Department and Sant Pau Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Spain
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Bobadilla Muñoz M, Orbe J, Abizanda G, Machado FJD, Vilas A, Ullate-Agote A, Extramiana L, Baraibar Churio A, Aranguren XL, Cantero G, Sáinz Amillo N, Rodríguez JA, Ramos García L, Romero Riojas JP, Vallejo-Illarramendi A, Paradas C, López de Munain A, Páramo JA, Prósper F, Pérez-Ruiz A. Loss of the matrix metalloproteinase-10 causes premature features of aging in satellite cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1128534. [PMID: 37228645 PMCID: PMC10203875 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1128534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Aged muscles accumulate satellite cells with a striking decline response to damage. Although intrinsic defects in satellite cells themselves are the major contributors to aging-associated stem cell dysfunction, increasing evidence suggests that changes in the muscle-stem cell local microenvironment also contribute to aging. Here, we demonstrate that loss of the matrix metalloproteinase-10 (MMP-10) in young mice alters the composition of the muscle extracellular matrix (ECM), and specifically disrupts the extracellular matrix of the satellite cell niche. This situation causes premature features of aging in the satellite cells, contributing to their functional decline and a predisposition to enter senescence under proliferative pressure. Similarly, reduction of MMP-10 levels in young satellite cells from wild type animals induces a senescence response, while addition of the protease delays this program. Significantly, the effect of MMP-10 on satellite cell aging can be extended to another context of muscle wasting, muscular dystrophy. Systemic treatment of mdx dystrophic mice with MMP-10 prevents the muscle deterioration phenotype and reduces cellular damage in the satellite cells, which are normally under replicative pressure. Most importantly, MMP-10 conserves its protective effect in the satellite cell-derived myoblasts isolated from a Duchenne muscular dystrophy patient by decreasing the accumulation of damaged DNA. Hence, MMP-10 provides a previously unrecognized therapeutic opportunity to delay satellite cell aging and overcome satellite cell dysfunction in dystrophic muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Bobadilla Muñoz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Josune Orbe
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Redes de Investigación Cooperativa Orientadas a Resultados en Salud (RICORS)-Ictus, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gloria Abizanda
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Florencio J. D. Machado
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Amaia Vilas
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Asier Ullate-Agote
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Leire Extramiana
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantxa Baraibar Churio
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier L. Aranguren
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Gloria Cantero
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Neira Sáinz Amillo
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Centre for Nutrition Research, Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - José Antonio Rodríguez
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Ramos García
- Radiology Department, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Radiology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Juan Pablo Romero Riojas
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- CIBERNED-Biodonostia, Neurosciences Area, Group of Neuromuscular Diseases, San Sebastian, Spain
- Neurology Department, Osakidetza Basque Health Service, Donostialdea Integrated Health Organisation, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - José Antonio Páramo
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
- Hematology Service, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- Laboratory of Atherothrombosis, Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Pérez-Ruiz
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Center for Applied Medical Research (CIMA) Universidad de Navarra, CIBERONC, Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
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14
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Llansó L, Moore U, Bolano-Diaz C, James M, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Rufibach L, Gordish-Dressman H, Boyle G, Hilsden H, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Straub V, Díaz-Manera J. Expanding the muscle imaging spectrum in dysferlinopathy: description of an outlier population from the classical MRI pattern. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:349-357. [PMID: 36972667 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a muscle disease characterized by a variable clinical presentation and is caused by mutations in the DYSF gene. The Jain Clinical Outcome Study for Dysferlinopathy (COS) followed the largest cohort of patients (n=187) with genetically confirmed dysferlinopathy throughout a three-year natural history study, in which the patients underwent muscle function tests and muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We previously described the pattern of muscle pathology in this population and established a series of imaging criteria for diagnosis. In this paper, we describe the muscle imaging and clinical features of a subgroup of COS participants whose muscle imaging results did not completely meet the diagnostic criteria. We reviewed 184 T1-weighted (T1w) muscle MRI scans obtained at the baseline visit of the COS study, of which 106 were pelvic and lower limb only and 78 were whole-body scans. We identified 116 of the 184 patients (63%) who did not meet at least one of the established imaging criteria. The highest number found of unmet criteria was four per patient. We identified 24 patients (13%) who did not meet three or more of the nine established criteria and considered them as "outliers". The most common unmet criterion (27.3% of cases) was the adductor magnus being equally or more affected than the adductor longus. We compared the genetic, demographic, clinical and muscle function data of the outlier patients with those who met the established criteria and observed that the outlier patients had an age of disease onset that was significantly older than the whole group (29.3 vs 20.5 years, p=0.0001). This study expands the phenotypic muscle imaging spectrum of patients with dysferlinopathy and can help to guide the diagnostic process in patients with limb girdle weakness of unknown origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Llansó
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Department of Neurology, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Carla Bolano-Diaz
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Meredith James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Translational Medicine, Newcastle University
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Georgina Boyle
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Hilsden
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Kids Neuroscience Centre, Sydney Children's Hospitals Network. Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney
| | | | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Dept. of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | | | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK.
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15
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Moore U, Fernández-Simón E, Schiava M, Cox D, Gordish-Dressman H, James MK, Mayhew A, Wilson I, Guglieri M, Rufibach L, Blamire A, Carlier PG, Mori-Yoshimura M, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Diaz-Manera J, Straub V. Myostatin and follistatin as monitoring and prognostic biomarkers in dysferlinopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2023; 33:199-207. [PMID: 36689846 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2023.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Myostatin is a myokine which acts upon skeletal muscle to inhibit growth and regeneration. Myostatin is endogenously antagonised by follistatin. This study assessed serum myostatin and follistatin concentrations as monitoring or prognostic biomarkers in dysferlinopathy, an autosomal recessively inherited muscular dystrophy. Myostatin was quantified twice with a three-year interval in 76 patients with dysferlinopathy and 38 controls. Follistatin was quantified in 62 of these patients at the same timepoints, and in 31 controls. Correlations with motor function, muscle fat fraction and contractile cross-sectional area were performed. A regression model was used to account for confounding variables. Baseline myostatin, but not follistatin, correlated with baseline function and MRI measures. However, in individual patients, three-year change in myostatin did not correlate with functional or MRI changes. Linear modelling demonstrated that function, serum creatine kinase and C-reactive protein, but not age, were independently related to myostatin concentration. Baseline myostatin concentration predicted loss of ambulation but not rate of change of functional or MRI measures, even when relative inhibition with follistatin was considered. With adjustment for extra-muscular causes of variation, myostatin could form a surrogate measure of functional ability or muscle mass, however myostatin inhibition does not form a promising treatment target in dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Esther Fernández-Simón
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marianela Schiava
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dan Cox
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Andrew Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA; National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LudwigMaximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de reference des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.
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16
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Vázquez-Costa JF, Borrego-Hernández D, Paradas C, Gómez-Caravaca MT, Rojas-Garcia R, Varona L, Povedano M, García-Sobrino T, Jericó Pascual I, Gutiérrez A, Riancho J, Turon-Sans J, Assialioui A, Pérez-Tur J, Sevilla T, Esteban Pérez J, García-Redondo A. Characterizing SOD1 mutations in Spain. The impact of genotype, age, and sex in the natural history of the disease. Eur J Neurol 2022; 30:861-871. [PMID: 36484631 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this study is to describe the frequency and distribution of SOD1 mutations in Spain, and to explore those factors contributing to their phenotype and prognosis. METHODS Seventeen centres shared data on amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients carrying pathogenic or likely pathogenic SOD1 variants. Multivariable models were used to explore prognostic modifiers. RESULTS In 144 patients (from 88 families), 29 mutations (26 missense, 2 deletion/insertion and 1 frameshift) were found in all 5 exons of SOD1, including 7 novel mutations. 2.6% of ALS patients (including 17.7% familial and 1.3% sporadic) were estimated to carry SOD1 mutations. Its frequency varied considerably between regions, due to founder events. The most frequent mutation was p.Gly38Arg (n = 58), followed by p.Glu22Gly (n = 11), p.Asn140His (n = 10), and the novel p.Leu120Val (n = 10). Most mutations were characterized by a protracted course, and some of them by atypical phenotypes. Older age of onset was independently associated with faster disease progression (exp(Estimate) = 1.03 [0.01, 0.05], p = 0.001) and poorer survival (HR = 1.05 [1.01, 1.08], p = 0.007), regardless of the underlying mutation. Female sex was independently associated to faster disease progression (exp(Estimate) = 2.1 [1.23, 3.65], p = 0.012) in patients carrying the p.Gly38Arg mutation, resulting in shorter survival compared with male carriers (236 vs 301 months). CONCLUSIONS These data may help to evaluate the efficacy of SOD1 targeted treatments, and to expand the number of patients that might benefit from these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan F Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Daniel Borrego-Hernández
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío and Instituto Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
| | | | - Ricardo Rojas-Garcia
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luis Varona
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Basurto, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Mónica Povedano
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Bellvitge and Idibell, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tania García-Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela (A Coruña), Spain
| | | | - Antonio Gutiérrez
- Complejo Hospitalario Universitario Insular-Materno-Infantil de Gran Canaria, Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Javier Riancho
- Hospital Sierrallana-IDIVAL. Departamento de Medicina y Psiquiatría. Universidad Cantabria. Cantabria, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Motor Neuron Diseases Clinic, Department of Neurology, Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Jordi Pérez-Tur
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Spain
- Institut de Biomedicina de València-CSIC. CIBERNED. Unidad Mixta de Neurología y Genética. IIS La Fe. Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico la Fe, IIS La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban Pérez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto García-Redondo
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre and Instituto de Investigación Biomédica Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
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17
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Moore U, Caldas de Almeida Araújo E, Reyngoudt H, Gordish‐Dressman H, Smith FE, Wilson I, James M, Mayhew A, Rufibach L, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha‐Goebel DX, Salort‐Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori‐Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Blamire AM, Straub V, Carlier PG, Diaz‐Manera J. Water T2 could predict functional decline in patients with dysferlinopathy. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:2888-2897. [PMID: 36058852 PMCID: PMC9745487 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Water T2 (T2H2O ) mapping is increasingly being used in muscular dystrophies to assess active muscle damage. It has been suggested as a surrogate outcome measure for clinical trials. Here, we investigated the prognostic utility of T2H2O to identify changes in muscle function over time in limb girdle muscular dystrophies. METHODS Patients with genetically confirmed dysferlinopathy were assessed as part of the Jain Foundation Clinical Outcomes Study in dysferlinopathy. The cohort included 18 patients from two sites, both equipped with 3-tesla magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems from the same vendor. T2H2O value was defined as higher or lower than the median in each muscle bilaterally. The degree of deterioration on four functional tests over 3 years was assessed in a linear model against covariates of high or low T2H2O at baseline, age, disease duration, and baseline function. RESULTS A higher T2H2O at baseline significantly correlated with a greater decline on functional tests in 21 out of 35 muscles and was never associated with slower decline. Higher baseline T2H2O in adductor magnus, vastus intermedius, vastus lateralis, and vastus medialis were the most sensitive, being associated bilaterally with greater decline in multiple timed tests. Patients with a higher than median baseline T2H2O (>40.6 ms) in the right vastus medialis deteriorated 11 points more on the North Star Ambulatory Assessment for Dysferlinopathy and lost an additional 86 m on the 6-min walk than those with a lower T2H2O (<40.6 ms). Optimum sensitivity and specificity thresholds for predicting decline were 39.0 ms in adductor magnus and vastus intermedius, 40.0 ms in vastus medialis, and 40.5 ms in vastus lateralis from different sites equipped with different MRI systems. CONCLUSIONS In dysferlinopathy, T2H2O did not correlate with current functional ability. However, T2H2O at baseline was higher in patients who worsened more rapidly on functional tests. This suggests that inter-patient differences in functional decline over time may be, in part, explained by different severities of the active muscle damage, assessed by T2H2O measure at baseline. Significant challenges remain in standardizing T2H2O values across sites to allow determining globally applicable thresholds. The results from the present work are encouraging and suggest that T2H2O could be used to improve prognostication, patient selection, and disease modelling for clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Ericky Caldas de Almeida Araújo
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR LaboratoryCEA/DRF/IBFJ/MIRCenParisFrance
| | - Harmen Reyngoudt
- NMR Laboratory, Neuromuscular Investigation CenterInstitute of MyologyParisFrance
- NMR LaboratoryCEA/DRF/IBFJ/MIRCenParisFrance
| | - Heather Gordish‐Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study MethodologyChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA
- Pediatrics, Epidemiology and BiostatisticsGeorge Washington UniversityWashingtonDCUSA
| | - Fiona E. Smith
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Ian Wilson
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Meredith James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - John W. Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological SciencesStanford University School of MedicineStanfordCAUSA
| | - Kristi J. Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead and The University of SydneySydneyNSWAustralia
| | - Diana X. Bharucha‐Goebel
- Department of NeurologyChildren's National Health SystemWashingtonDCUSA
- National Institutes of Health (NINDS)BethesdaMDUSA
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of NeurologyWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMOUSA
| | - Maggie C. Walter
- Friedrich‐Baur‐Institute, Department of NeurologyLudwig‐Maximilians‐University of MunichMunichGermany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of NeurologyHospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de SevillaSevillaSpain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculairesInstitut de Myologie, AP‐HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié‐SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Madoka Mori‐Yoshimura
- Department of NeurologyNational Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and PsychiatryTokyoJapan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience InstituteCarolinas Neuromuscular/ALS‐MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare SystemCharlotteNCUSA
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of NeuroscienceUniversity of PadovaPaduaItaly
| | - Jerry R. Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's HospitalColumbusOHUSA
| | | | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Andrew M. Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Pierre G. Carlier
- Université Paris‐Saclay, CEA, DRF, Service Hospitalier Frederic JoliotOrsayFrance
| | - Jordi Diaz‐Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research InstituteNewcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustNewcastle upon TyneUK
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology DepartmentHospital de la Santa Creu i Sant PauBarcelonaSpain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER)MadridSpain
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18
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Moore U, Simon EF, Day J, Jones K, Bharucha-Goebel D, Pestronk A, Walter M, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell J, Guglieri M, Straub V, Díaz-Manera J. FP.35 Myostatin concentration is unreliable as a biomarker of disease progression in dysferlinopathy. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Marín RM, Caro JS, Leiva DR, Nascimento A, Muelas N, Dominguez C, Paradas C, Olivé M, Pascual SP, Romero MB, Gomez M, Usón M, Blanco R, Llona JB, de Munuain AL, Gutiérrez A, Colomé A, Pla-Junca F, Simón SS, Manera JD. P.85 Analysis of Juvenile onset Pompe disease patients included in the Spanish Pompe Registry. Neuromuscul Disord 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2022.07.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carrasco-Rozas A, Fernández-Simón E, Suárez-Calvet X, Piñol-Jurado P, Alonso-Pérez J, de Luna N, Schoser B, Meinke P, Domínguez-González C, Hernández-Laín A, Paradas C, Rivas E, Illa I, Olivé M, Gallardo E, Díaz-Manera J. BNIP3 Is Involved in Muscle Fiber Atrophy in Late-Onset Pompe Disease Patients. Am J Pathol 2022; 192:1151-1166. [PMID: 35605642 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Late-onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a rare genetic disorder produced by mutations in the GAA gene and is characterized by progressive muscle weakness. LOPD muscle biopsies show accumulation of glycogen along with the autophagic vacuoles associated with atrophic muscle fibers. The expression of molecules related to muscle fiber atrophy in muscle biopsies of LOPD patients was studied using immunofluorescence and real-time PCR. BCL2 and adenovirus E1B 19-kDa interacting protein 3 (BNIP3), a well-known atrogene, was identified as a potential mediator of muscle fiber atrophy in LOPD muscle biopsies. Vacuolated fibers in LOPD patient muscle biopsies were smaller than nonvacuolated fibers and expressed BNIP3. The current data suggested that BNIP3 expression is regulated by inhibition of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway, leading to phosphorylation of Unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1 (ULK1) at Ser317 by AMP-activated protein kinase. Myoblasts and myotubes obtained from LOPD patients and age-matched controls were studied to confirm these results using different molecular techniques. Myotubes derived from LOPD patients were likewise smaller and expressed BNIP3. Conclusively, transfection of BNIP3 into control myotubes led to myotube atrophy. These findings suggest a cascade that starts with the inhibition of the AKT-mammalian target of rapamycin pathway and activation of BNIP3 expression, leading to progressive muscle fiber atrophy. These results open the door to potential new treatments targeting BNIP3 to reduce its deleterious effects on muscle fiber atrophy in Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Carrasco-Rozas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Esther Fernández-Simón
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier Suárez-Calvet
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Patricia Piñol-Jurado
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí de Luna
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Peter Meinke
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, LMU Klinikum, Munich, Germany
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Unit, 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Hernández-Laín
- Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain; Research Institute of Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain; Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), 12 de Octubre University Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Sobre Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Department of Pathology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Centro Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau and Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau, Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom; Centro de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.
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21
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Schiava M, Ikenaga C, Villar-Quiles RN, Caballero-Ávila M, Topf A, Nishino I, Kimonis V, Udd B, Schoser B, Zanoteli E, Souza PVS, Tasca G, Lloyd T, Lopez-de Munain A, Paradas C, Pegoraro E, Nadaj-Pakleza A, De Bleecker J, Badrising U, Alonso-Jiménez A, Kostera-Pruszczyk A, Miralles F, Shin JH, Bevilacqua JA, Olivé M, Vorgerd M, Kley R, Brady S, Williams T, Domínguez-González C, Papadimas GK, Warman-Chardon J, Claeys KG, de Visser M, Muelas N, LaForet P, Malfatti E, Alfano LN, Nair SS, Manousakis G, Kushlaf HA, Harms MB, Nance C, Ramos-Fransi A, Rodolico C, Hewamadduma C, Cetin H, García-García J, Pál E, Farrugia ME, Lamont PJ, Quinn C, Nedkova-Hristova V, Peric S, Luo S, Oldfors A, Taylor K, Ralston S, Stojkovic T, Weihl C, Diaz-Manera J. Genotype-phenotype correlations in valosin-containing protein disease: a retrospective muticentre study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2022; 93:jnnp-2022-328921. [PMID: 35896379 PMCID: PMC9880250 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-328921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Valosin-containing protein (VCP) disease, caused by mutations in the VCP gene, results in myopathy, Paget's disease of bone (PBD) and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Natural history and genotype-phenotype correlation data are limited. This study characterises patients with mutations in VCP gene and investigates genotype-phenotype correlations. METHODS Descriptive retrospective international study collecting clinical and genetic data of patients with mutations in the VCP gene. RESULTS Two hundred and fifty-five patients (70.0% males) were included in the study. Mean age was 56.8±9.6 years and mean age of onset 45.6±9.3 years. Mean diagnostic delay was 7.7±6 years. Symmetric lower limb weakness was reported in 50% at onset progressing to generalised muscle weakness. Other common symptoms were ventilatory insufficiency 40.3%, PDB 28.2%, dysautonomia 21.4% and FTD 14.3%. Fifty-seven genetic variants were identified, 18 of these no previously reported. c.464G>A (p.Arg155His) was the most frequent variant, identified in the 28%. Full time wheelchair users accounted for 19.1% with a median time from disease onset to been wheelchair user of 8.5 years. Variant c.463C>T (p.Arg155Cys) showed an earlier onset (37.8±7.6 year) and a higher frequency of axial and upper limb weakness, scapular winging and cognitive impairment. Forced vital capacity (FVC) below 50% was as risk factor for being full-time wheelchair user, while FVC <70% and being a full-time wheelchair user were associated with death. CONCLUSION This study expands the knowledge on the phenotypic presentation, natural history, genotype-phenotype correlations and risk factors for disease progression of VCP disease and is useful to improve the care provided to patient with this complex disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marianela Schiava
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Chiseko Ikenaga
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rocío Nur Villar-Quiles
- APHP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Marta Caballero-Ávila
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Topf
- Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ichizo Nishino
- Department of Neuromuscular Research, National Institute of Neuroscience National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Virginia Kimonis
- Department of Pediatrics Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, University of California-Irvine Medical Center Children’s Hospital of Orange County, Orange, California, USA
| | - Bjarne Udd
- Tampere Neuromuscular Center, Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
- Folkhalsan Genetic Institute, Helsinki University, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Benedikt Schoser
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute Ludwig Maximilian University Clinics, Munich, Germany
| | - Edmar Zanoteli
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Universidade de São Paulo (FMUSP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Giorgio Tasca
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A Gemelli, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Thomas Lloyd
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Adolfo Lopez-de Munain
- Biodonostia Neurosciences Area Group of Neuromuscular Diseases Biodonostia-Osakidetza Basque Health Service, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Aleksandra Nadaj-Pakleza
- Department of Neurology, Centre de Reference des Maldies Neuromusculaires Nord-Est-Ile de France, University Hospital of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Jan De Bleecker
- Department of Neurology and Neuromuscular Reference Center, Ghent University Hospital, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Umesh Badrising
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Alicia Alonso-Jiménez
- Department of Neurology, Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Antwerp University Hospital, Universiteit Antwerpen, Instituut Born Bunge, Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Anna Kostera-Pruszczyk
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Warsaw, European Reference Network ERN-NMD, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Francesc Miralles
- Department of Neurology, Unitat de Patologia Neuromuscular i Gabinet d’electrodiagnòstic, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma de Mallorca, Spain
| | - Jin-Hong Shin
- Laboratory of Molecular Neurology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jorge Alfredo Bevilacqua
- Unidad Neuromuscular, Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía Clínica, Clínica Dávila, Santiago Chile, Chile
| | - Montse Olivé
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Deaprtment of Neurology, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Matthias Vorgerd
- Heimer Institut for Muscle Research, Klinikum Bergmannsheil, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Rudi Kley
- Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St Marien-Hospital Borken, Borken, Germany
| | - Stefen Brady
- Neurology Department, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
| | - Timothy Williams
- Newcastle Motor Neurone Disease Care Centre, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle, UK
| | - Cristina Domínguez-González
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - George K Papadimas
- First Department of Neurology, Medical School, Eginition Hospital and National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Jodi Warman-Chardon
- Department of Medicine, Ottawa Neuromuscular Centre, Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kristl G Claeys
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- KU Leuven Laboratory for Muscle Diseases and Neuropathies, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marianne de Visser
- Department of Neurology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
- Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Pascal LaForet
- Neurology department, Raymond-Poincaré hospital, APHP, UVSQ, Paris-Saclay University, Paris, France
| | - Edoardo Malfatti
- APHP, Neuromuscular Reference Center Nord-Est-Ile-de-France, Henri Mondor Hospital, Université Paris Est, U955, INSERM, Créteil, IMRB, Paris, France
| | - Lindsay N Alfano
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sruthi S Nair
- Department of Neurology, Sree Chitra Tirunal Institute for Medical Sciences and Technology, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India
| | - Georgios Manousakis
- Department of Neurology, University of Minnesota Hospital, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Hani A Kushlaf
- Department of Neurology & Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew B Harms
- NewYork Presbyterian Columbia University Irving Medical Centre, New York, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Nance
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine at the University of Iowa, Iowa, Iowa, USA
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Germas Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Carmelo Rodolico
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, Messina, Italy
| | - Channa Hewamadduma
- Sheffield Institute for translational neurosciences (SITRAN), Neuroscience Institute, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Hakan Cetin
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jorge García-García
- Neurology Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Albacete, Albacete, Spain
| | - Endre Pál
- Department of Neurology, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Maria Elena Farrugia
- Institute of Neurological Sciences, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, UK
| | - Phillipa J Lamont
- Department of Neurology, Royal Perth Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Colin Quinn
- Neuromuscular Division, Neurology Department, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Stojan Peric
- Neurology Clinic, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Sushan Luo
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- National Center for Neurological Disorders, Shanghai, China
| | - Anders Oldfors
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | | | - Stuart Ralston
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- APHP, Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, Sorbonne Université, APHP, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Conrad Weihl
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Newcastle University, and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trusts, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
- Institut de Recerca de l’Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
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22
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Mayhew AG, James MK, Moore U, Sutherland H, Jacobs M, Feng J, Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Muni Lofra R, Rufibach LE, Rose K, Duong T, Bello L, Pedrosa-Hernández I, Holsten S, Sakamoto C, Canal A, Sánchez-Aguilera Práxedes N, Thiele S, Siener C, Vandevelde B, DeWolf B, Maron E, Gordish-Dressman H, Hilsden H, Guglieri M, Hogrel JY, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Spuler S, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Díaz-Manera J, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Straub V. Assessing the Relationship of Patient Reported Outcome Measures With Functional Status in Dysferlinopathy: A Rasch Analysis Approach. Front Neurol 2022; 13:828525. [PMID: 35359643 PMCID: PMC8961025 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.828525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Dysferlinopathy is a muscular dystrophy with a highly variable functional disease progression in which the relationship of function to some patient reported outcome measures (PROMs) has not been previously reported. This analysis aims to identify the suitability of PROMs and their association with motor performance.Two-hundred and four patients with dysferlinopathy were identified in the Jain Foundation's Clinical Outcome Study in Dysferlinopathy from 14 sites in 8 countries. All patients completed the following PROMs: Individualized Neuromuscular Quality of Life Questionnaire (INQoL), International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), and activity limitations for patients with upper and/or lower limb impairments (ACTIVLIMs). In addition, nonambulant patients completed the Egen Klassifikation Scale (EK). Assessments were conducted annually at baseline, years 1, 2, 3, and 4. Data were also collected on the North Star Assessment for Limb Girdle Type Muscular Dystrophies (NSAD) and Performance of Upper Limb (PUL) at these time points from year 2. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Rasch analysis was conducted on ACTIVLIM, EK, INQoL. For associations, graphs (NSAD with ACTIVLIM, IPAQ and INQoL and EK with PUL) were generated from generalized estimating equations (GEE). The ACTIVLIM appeared robust psychometrically and was strongly associated with the NSAD total score (Pseudo R2 0.68). The INQoL performed less well and was poorly associated with the NSAD total score (Pseudo R2 0.18). EK scores were strongly associated with PUL (Pseudo R2 0.69). IPAQ was poorly associated with NSAD scores (Pseudo R2 0.09). This study showed that several of the chosen PROMs demonstrated change over time and a good association with functional outcomes. An alternative quality of life measure and method of collecting data on physical activity may need to be selected for assessing dysferlinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna G. Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- *Correspondence: Anna G. Mayhew
| | - Meredith K. James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Sutherland
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
- Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jia Feng
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Linda Pax Lowes
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Lindsay N. Alfano
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Robert Muni Lofra
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kristy Rose
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tina Duong
- Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
- Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA, United States
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Irene Pedrosa-Hernández
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Holsten
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Chikako Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aurélie Canal
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Simone Thiele
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catherine Siener
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Bruno Vandevelde
- Service des Maladies Neuromusculaire et de la SLA, Hôpital de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Brittney DeWolf
- Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Elke Maron
- ELAN-PHYSIO, Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heather Gordish-Dressman
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
- Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Heather Hilsden
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Andrew M. Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre G. Carlier
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Spuler
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W. Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristi J. Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana X. Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
- National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maggie C. Walter
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Jerry R. Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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23
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Moore U, Fernandez-Torron R, Jacobs M, Gordish H, Diaz-Manera J, James MK, Mayhew AG, Harris E, Guglieri M, Rufibach LE, Feng J, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Spuler S, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Lowes LP, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Bourke J, Straub V. Cardiac and pulmonary findings in dysferlinopathy: a 3-year, longitudinal study. Muscle Nerve 2022; 65:531-540. [PMID: 35179231 PMCID: PMC9311426 DOI: 10.1002/mus.27524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Introduction/Aims There is debate about whether and to what extent either respiratory or cardiac dysfunction occurs in patients with dysferlinopathy. This study aimed to establish definitively whether dysfunction in either system is part of the dysferlinopathy phenotype. Methods As part of the Jain Foundation's International Clinical Outcome Study (COS) for dysferlinopathy, objective measures of respiratory and cardiac function were collected twice, with a 3‐y interval between tests, in 188 genetically confirmed patients aged 11–86 y (53% female). Measures included forced vital capacity (FVC), electrocardiogram (ECG), and echocardiogram (echo). Results Mean FVC was 90% predicted at baseline, decreasing to 88% at year 3. FVC was less than 80% predicted in 44 patients (24%) at baseline and 48 patients (30%) by year 3, including ambulant participants. ECGs showed P‐wave abnormalities indicative of delayed trans‐atrial conduction in 58% of patients at baseline, representing a risk for developing atrial flutter or fibrillation. The prevalence of impaired left ventricular function or hypertrophy was comparable to that in the general population. Discussion These results demonstrate clinically significant respiratory impairment and abnormal atrial conduction in some patients with dysferlinopathy. Therefore, we recommend that annual or biannual follow‐up should include FVC measurement, enquiry about arrhythmia symptoms and peripheral pulse palpation to assess cardiac rhythm. However, periodic specialist cardiac review is probably not warranted unless prompted by symptoms or abnormal pulse findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Torron
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Neurology Department, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neuromuscular Area, Hospital Donostia, Basque Health Service, Doctor Begiristain, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Heather Gordish
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna G Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Elizabeth Harris
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - Jia Feng
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- University Paris-Saclay, CEA, DRF, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Simone Spuler
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine; Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, USA.,National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Dept. of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | | | - Linda Pax Lowes
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | - John Bourke
- Department of Cardiology, Freeman Hospital, NUTH NHS Hospitals Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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24
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Cortés-Vicente E, Álvarez-Velasco R, Pla-Junca F, Rojas-Garcia R, Paradas C, Sevilla T, Casasnovas C, Gómez-Caravaca MT, Pardo J, Ramos-Fransi A, Pelayo-Negro AL, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G, Turon-Sans J, López de Munain A, Guerrero-Sola A, Jericó I, Martín MA, Mendoza MD, Morís G, Vélez-Gómez B, Garcia-Sobrino T, Pascual-Goñi E, Reyes-Leiva D, Illa I, Gallardo E. Drug-refractory myasthenia gravis: Clinical characteristics, treatments, and outcome. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2022; 9:122-131. [PMID: 35080153 PMCID: PMC8862423 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.51492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To describe the clinical characteristics and outcomes in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis (MG) and to determine the effectiveness and side effects of the drugs used for their treatment. Methods This observational retrospective cross‐sectional multicenter study was based on data from the Spanish MG Registry (NMD‐ES). Patients were considered refractory when their MG Foundation of America post‐interventional status (MGFA‐PIS) was unchanged or worse after corticosteroids and two or more other immunosuppressive agents. Clinical and immunologic characteristics of drug‐refractory patients, efficiency and toxicity of drugs used, and outcome (MGFA‐PIS) at end of follow‐up were studied. Results We included 990 patients from 15 hospitals. Eighty‐four patients (68 of 842 anti‐acetylcholine receptor [AChR], 5 of 26 anti‐muscle‐specific tyrosine kinase [MusK], 10 of 120 seronegative, and 1 of 2 double‐seropositive patients) were drug refractory. Drug‐refractory patients were more frequently women (p < 0.0001), younger at onset (p < 0.0001), and anti‐MuSK positive (p = 0.037). Moreover, they more frequently presented a generalized form of the disease, bulbar symptoms, and life‐threatening events (p < 0.0001; p = 0.018; and p = 0.002, respectively) than non‐drug‐refractory patients. Mean follow‐up was 9.8 years (SD 4.5). Twenty‐four (50%) refractory patients had side effects to one or more of the drugs. At the end of follow‐up, 42.9% of drug‐refractory patients (42.6% of anti‐AChR, 100% of anti‐MuSK, and 10% of seronegative patients) and 79.8% of non‐drug‐refractory patients (p < 0.0001) achieved remission or had minimal manifestations. Eighty percent of drug‐refractory‐seronegative patients did not respond to any drug tested. Interpretation In this study, 8.5% of MG patients were drug‐refractory. New more specific drugs are needed to treat drug‐refractory MG patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cortés-Vicente
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez-Velasco
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Pla-Junca
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-Garcia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Unitat de Neuromuscular, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge - IDIBELL, L'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Julio Pardo
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Service of Neurology, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)", University of Cantabria (UC), Santander, Spain
| | - Gerardo Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country, Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Research Institute, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra-IdisNA, Pamplona, Spain
| | | | - María Dolores Mendoza
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Germán Morís
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vélez-Gómez
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Elba Pascual-Goñi
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Reyes-Leiva
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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25
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Domínguez-González C, Madruga-Garrido M, Hirano M, Martí I, Martín MA, Munell F, Nascimento A, Olivé M, Quan J, Sardina MD, Martí R, Paradas C. Collaborative model for diagnosis and treatment of very rare diseases: experience in Spain with thymidine kinase 2 deficiency. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2021; 16:407. [PMID: 34600563 PMCID: PMC8487573 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-021-02030-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial diseases are difficult to diagnose and treat. Recent advances in genetic diagnostics and more effective treatment options can improve patient diagnosis and prognosis, but patients with mitochondrial disease typically experience delays in diagnosis and treatment. Here, we describe a unique collaborative practice model among physicians and scientists in Spain focused on identifying TK2 deficiency (TK2d), an ultra-rare mitochondrial DNA depletion and deletions syndrome.
Main Body This collaboration spans research and clinical care, including laboratory scientists, adult and pediatric neuromuscular clinicians, geneticists, and pathologists, and has resulted in diagnosis and consolidation of care for patients with TK2d. The incidence of TK2d is not known; however, the first clinical cases of TK2d were reported in 2001, and only ~ 107 unique cases had been reported as of 2018. This unique collaboration in Spain has led to the diagnosis of more than 30 patients with genetically confirmed TK2d across different regions of the country. Research affiliate centers have led investigative treatment with nucleosides based on understanding of TK2d clinical manifestations and disease mechanisms, which resulted in successful treatment of a TK2d mouse model with nucleotide therapy in 2010. Only 1 year later, this collaboration enabled rapid adoption of treatment with pyrimidine nucleotides (and later, nucleosides) under compassionate use. Success in TK2d diagnosis and treatment in Spain is attributable to two important factors: Spain’s fully public national healthcare system, and the designation in 2015 of major National Reference Centers for Neuromuscular Disorders (CSURs). CSUR networking and dissemination facilitated development of a collaborative care network for TK2d disease, wherein participants share information and protocols to request approval from the Ministry of Health to initiate nucleoside therapy. Data have recently been collected in a retrospective study conducted under a Good Clinical Practice–compliant protocol to support development of a new therapeutic approach for TK2d, a progressive disease with no approved therapies. Conclusions The Spanish experience in diagnosis and treatment of TK2d is a model for the diagnosis and development of new treatments for very rare diseases within an existing healthcare system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Domínguez-González
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación imas12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Michio Hirano
- Neurology Department, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Itxaso Martí
- Pediatric Department, Donostia University Hospital, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Miguel A Martín
- Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial Diseases Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francina Munell
- Pediatric Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pediatric Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau/Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - M Dolores Sardina
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Badajoz Hospital Complex, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Ramon Martí
- Center for Biomedical Network Research On Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group On Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Avd. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,Center for Biomedical Network Research On Neurodegenerative Disorders (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
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26
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Moore U, James M, Spuler S, Day J, Jones K, Bharucha-Goebel D, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter M, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Yoshimura MM, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell J, Bushby K, Straub V, Mayhew A. LGMD. Neuromuscul Disord 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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27
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Sivera R, Lupo V, Frasquet M, Argente-Escrig H, Alonso-Pérez J, Díaz-Manera J, Querol L, Del Mar García-Romero M, Ignacio Pascual S, García-Sobrino T, Paradas C, Francisco Vázquez-Costa J, Muelas N, Millet E, Jesús Vílchez J, Espinós C, Sevilla T. Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease due to MORC2 mutations in Spain. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:3001-3011. [PMID: 34189813 DOI: 10.1111/ene.15001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE MORC2 mutations have been described as a rare cause of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT2Z). The aim of this work was to determine the frequency and distribution of these mutations throughout Spain, to provide a comprehensive phenotypical description and, if possible, to establish a genotype-phenotype correlation. METHODS Retrospectively, data on patients diagnosed with CMT2Z in Spain were collected and clinical, electrophysiological and muscle imaging information were analysed. RESULTS Fifteen patients with CMT2Z were identified throughout Spain, seven of them belonging to a single kindred, whilst the rest were sporadic. The most common mutation was p.R252W, and four new mutations were identified. Eleven patients were categorized as having a scapuloperoneal phenotype, with asymmetric muscle weakness, early proximal upper limb involvement and frequent spontaneous muscular activity with distal sensory impairment and pes cavus, whilst two presented with a more classic length dependent sensory motor phenotype. This distinction was corroborated by the distribution of muscle fatty infiltration in muscle imaging. Two other patients were classified as having a neurodevelopmental phenotype consisting in congenital or early onset, delay in motor milestones, and global developmental delay in one of them. Nerve conduction studies revealed an unequivocally axonal neuropathy with frequent spontaneous activity, and serum creatine kinase levels were increased in 50% of the patients. CONCLUSIONS MORC2 mutations are a rare cause of CMT in Spain, but in-depth phenotyping reveals a recognizable phenotypic spectrum that will be clinically relevant for future identification of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Sivera
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Francesc de Borja, Gandía, Spain
| | - Vincenzo Lupo
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Felipe, Centro de Investigación Príncipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marina Frasquet
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Herminia Argente-Escrig
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Center, Newcastle University Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Luis Querol
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Del Mar García-Romero
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Samuel Ignacio Pascual
- Neuropaediatrics Department, Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Pediatrics, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Tania García-Sobrino
- Department of Neurology, Complexo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Francisco Vázquez-Costa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elvira Millet
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Vílchez
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Carmen Espinós
- Unit of Rare Neurodegenerative Diseases Felipe, Centro de Investigación Príncipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular and Ataxias Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Mavillard F, Servián-Morilla E, Rivas E, Paradas C, Cabrera-Serrano M. Novel ANO5 intronic Roma variant alters splicing causing muscular dystrophy. Clin Genet 2021; 100:106-110. [PMID: 33818761 DOI: 10.1111/cge.13964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The pathogenic role of intronic variants is generally difficult to assess, except for those near known splice sites for which aberrant splicing is suspected, although deeper intronic variants can also alter splicing. We have identified a novel (NM_213599.2:c.1180+6T>C) ANO5 variant that causes the exclusion of exon 12. The mutation, identified in a Roma individual, has an estimated carrier rate of 1.68% among the Iberian Roma population, this being the first ANO5 pathogenic variant communicated in this ethnic group. In this study, we have also characterized the ANO5 splice forms expressed in human muscle with the detection of an alternative transcript, in which exons 8 and 9 are spliced out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mavillard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilia Servián-Morilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas/Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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29
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Álvarez-Velasco R, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G, Trujillo JC, Martínez E, Segovia S, Arribas-Velasco M, Fernández G, Paradas C, Vélez-Gómez B, Casasnovas C, Nedkova V, Guerrero-Sola A, Ramos-Fransi A, Martínez-Piñeiro A, Pardo J, Sevilla T, Gómez-Caravaca MT, López de Munain A, Jericó I, Pelayo-Negro AL, Martín MA, Morgado Y, Mendoza MD, Pérez-Pérez H, Rojas-García R, Turon-Sans J, Querol L, Gallardo E, Illa I, Cortés-Vicente E. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of thymoma-associated myasthenia gravis. Eur J Neurol 2021; 28:2083-2091. [PMID: 33721382 DOI: 10.1111/ene.14820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Prognosis of myasthenia gravis (MG) in patients with thymoma is not well established. Moreover, it is not clear whether thymoma recurrence or unresectable lesions entail a worse prognosis of MG. METHODS This multicenter study was based on data from a Spanish neurologist-driven MG registry. All patients were aged >18 years at onset and had anti-acetylcholine receptor antibodies. We compared the clinical data of thymomatous and nonthymomatous patients. Prognosis of patients with recurrent or nonresectable thymomas was assessed. RESULTS We included 964 patients from 15 hospitals; 148 (15.4%) had thymoma-associated MG. Median follow-up time was 4.6 years. At onset, thymoma-associated MG patients were younger (52.0 vs. 60.4 years, p < 0.001), had more generalized symptoms (odds ratio [OR]: 3.02, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.95-4.68, p < 0.001) and more severe clinical forms according to the Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America (MGFA) scale (OR: 1.6, 95% CI: 1.15-2.21, p = 0.005). Disease severity based on MGFA postintervention status (MGFA-PIS) was higher in thymomatous patients at 1 year, 5 years, and the end of follow-up. Treatment refractoriness and mortality were also higher (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 1.43-3.63, p = 0.001; hazard ratio: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.47-4.14, p = 0.001). Myasthenic symptoms worsened in 13 of 27 patients with recurrences, but differences in long-term severity were not significant. Fifteen thymomatous patients had nonresectable thymomas with worse MGFA-PIS and higher mortality at the end of follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Thymoma-associated MG patients had more severe myasthenic symptoms and worse prognosis. Thymoma recurrence was frequently associated with transient worsening of MG, but long-term prognosis did not differ from nonrecurrent thymoma. Patients with nonresectable thymoma tended to present severe forms of MG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Álvarez-Velasco
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Gerardo Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Trujillo
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Martínez
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Segovia
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Arribas-Velasco
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Guillermo Fernández
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vélez-Gómez
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain.,Neurometabolic Diseases Group, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Velina Nedkova
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- Neuromuscular Diseases and ALS Unit, Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-Piñeiro
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol, Badalona, Spain
| | - Julio Pardo
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínico de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Department of Medicine, Universitat de València, and Biomedical Research Institute La Fe (IIS La Fe), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Adolfo López de Munain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario de Donostia. Biodonostia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, Gipuzkoa, Spain
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, IdisNa (Instituto Investigación Sanitaria Navarra), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana L Pelayo-Negro
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Marqués de Valdecilla, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | | | - Yolanda Morgado
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain
| | - María Dolores Mendoza
- Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Helena Pérez-Pérez
- Department of Neurology, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janina Turon-Sans
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Elena Cortés-Vicente
- Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Department of Medicine, Universitat Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Biomedical Research Institute Sant Pau (IIB Sant Pau), Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
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30
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Jacobs MB, James MK, Lowes LP, Alfano LN, Eagle M, Muni Lofra R, Moore U, Feng J, Rufibach LE, Rose K, Duong T, Bello L, Pedrosa-Hernández I, Holsten S, Sakamoto C, Canal A, Sanchez-Aguilera Práxedes N, Thiele S, Siener C, Vandevelde B, DeWolf B, Maron E, Guglieri M, Hogrel JY, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Spuler S, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Díaz-Manera J, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Mayhew AG, Straub V. Assessing Dysferlinopathy Patients Over Three Years With a New Motor Scale. Ann Neurol 2021; 89:967-978. [PMID: 33576057 DOI: 10.1002/ana.26044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Dysferlinopathy is a muscular dystrophy with a highly variable clinical presentation and currently unpredictable progression. This variability and unpredictability presents difficulties for prognostication and clinical trial design. The Jain Clinical Outcomes Study of Dysferlinopathy aims to establish the validity of the North Star Assessment for Limb Girdle Type Muscular Dystrophies (NSAD) scale and identify factors that influence the rate of disease progression using NSAD. METHODS We collected a longitudinal series of functional assessments from 187 patients with dysferlinopathy over 3 years. Rasch analysis was used to develop the NSAD, a motor performance scale suitable for ambulant and nonambulant patients. Generalized estimating equations were used to evaluate the impact of patient factors on outcome trajectories. RESULTS The NSAD detected significant change in clinical progression over 1 year. The steepest functional decline occurred during the first 10 years after symptom onset, with more rapid decline noted in patients who developed symptoms at a younger age (p = 0.04). The most rapidly deteriorating group over the study was patients 3 to 8 years post symptom onset at baseline. INTERPRETATION The NSAD is the first validated limb girdle specific scale of motor performance, suitable for use in clinical practice and clinical trials. Longitudinal analysis showed it may be possible to identify patient factors associated with greater functional decline both across the disease course and in the short-term for clinical trial preparation. Through further work and validation in this cohort, we anticipate that a disease model incorporating functional performance will allow for more accurate prognosis for patients with dysferlinopathy. ANN NEUROL 2021;89:967-978.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marni B Jacobs
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,Pediatrics, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC
| | - Meredoith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Linda P Lowes
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Lindsay N Alfano
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Michelle Eagle
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Robert Muni Lofra
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jia Feng
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | | | - Kristy Rose
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tina Duong
- Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Pedrosa-Hernández
- Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Scott Holsten
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC
| | - Chikako Sakamoto
- Department of Physical Rehabilitation, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Aurélie Canal
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Simone Thiele
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Catherine Siener
- Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bruno Vandevelde
- Service des Maladies Neuromusculaire et de la SLA, Hôpital de La Timone, Marseille, France
| | - Brittney DeWolf
- Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (CINRG), Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
| | - Elke Maron
- ELAN-PHYSIO, Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Simone Spuler
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology Children's National Health System, Washington, DC.,National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | | | - Anna G Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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31
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Moore U, Gordish H, Diaz-Manera J, James MK, Mayhew AG, Guglieri M, Fernandez-Torron R, Rufibach LE, Feng J, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Spuler S, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Lowes LP, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Straub V. Miyoshi myopathy and limb girdle muscular dystrophy R2 are the same disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:265-280. [PMID: 33610434 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine clinically relevant phenotypic differences between the two most common phenotypic classifications in dysferlinopathy, limb girdle muscular dystrophy R2 (LGMDR2) and Miyoshi myopathy (MMD1). LGMDR2 and MMD1 are reported to involve different muscles, with LGMDR2 showing predominant limb girdle weakness and MMD1 showing predominant distal lower limb weakness. We used heatmaps, regression analysis and principle component analysis of functional and Magnetic Resonance Imaging data to perform a cross-sectional review of the pattern of muscle involvement in 168 patients from the Jain Foundation's international Clinical Outcomes Study for Dysferlinopathy. We demonstrated that there is no clinically relevant difference in proximal vs distal involvement between diagnosis. There is a continuum of distal involvement at any given degree of proximal involvement and patients do not fall into discrete distally or proximally affected groups. There appeared to be geographical preference for a particular diagnosis, with MMD1 being more common in Japan and LGMDR2 in Europe and the USA. We conclude that the dysferlinopathies do not form two distinct phenotypic groups and therefore should not be split into separate cohorts of LGMDR2 and MM for the purposes of clinical management, enrolment in clinical trials or access to subsequent treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Heather Gordish
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain; Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anna G Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Michela Guglieri
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Torron
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jia Feng
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, United Kingdom
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83 Paris, France
| | - Simone Spuler
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a Joint Cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, and The University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States; National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | | | - Linda Pax Lowes
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH United States
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH United States
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.
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Moore U, Jacobs M, Fernandez-Torron R, LLauger Rossello J, Smith FE, James M, Mayhew A, Rufibach L, Carlier PG, Blamire AM, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter MC, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Straub V, Diaz-Manera J. Intensive Teenage Activity Is Associated With Greater Muscle Hyperintensity on T1W Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Adults With Dysferlinopathy. Front Neurol 2020; 11:613446. [PMID: 33391171 PMCID: PMC7773023 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.613446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Practice of sports during childhood or adolescence correlates with an earlier onset and more rapidly progressing phenotype in dysferlinopathies. To determine if this correlation relates to greater muscle pathology that persists into adulthood, we investigated the effect of exercise on the degree of muscle fatty replacement measured using muscle MRI. We reviewed pelvic, thigh and leg T1W MRI scans from 160 patients with genetically confirmed dysferlinopathy from the Jain Foundation International clinical outcomes study in dysferlinopathy. Two independent assessors used the Lamminen-Mercuri visual scale to score degree of fat replacement in each muscle. Exercise intensity for each individual was defined as no activity, minimal, moderate, or intensive activity by using metabolic equivalents and patient reported frequency of sports undertaken between the ages of 10 and 18. We used ANCOVA and linear modeling to compare the mean Lamminen-Mercuri score for the pelvis, thigh, and leg between exercise groups, controlling for age at assessment and symptom duration. Intensive exercisers showed greater fatty replacement in the muscles of the pelvis than moderate exercisers, but no significant differences of the thigh or leg. Within the pelvis, Psoas was the muscle most strongly associated with this exercise effect. In patients with a short symptom duration of <15 years there was a trend toward greater fatty replacement in the muscles of the thigh. These findings define key muscles involved in the exercise-phenotype effect that has previously been observed only clinically in dysferlinopathy and support recommendations that pre-symptomatic patients should avoid very intensive exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Torron
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Neuromuscular Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jaume LLauger Rossello
- Radiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fiona E Smith
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Meredith James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Rufibach
- Jain Foundation, Newcastle upon Tyne, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- Université Paris-Saclay, CEA, DRF, Service Hospitalier Frederic Joliot, Orsay, France
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Kristi J Jones
- The Children's Hospital at Westmead, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology Children's National Health System, Washington, DC, United States.,National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, MD, United States
| | | | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Eurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Sorbonne Université, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Neuroscience Institute, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC, United States
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- The Abigail Wexner Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, United States
| | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom.,Neuromuscular disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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Moore U, Gordish H, Maneraz JD, James M, Mayhew A, Guglieri M, Spuler S, Day J, Jones K, Bharucha-Goebel D, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter M, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Pegoraro E, Mendell J, Straub V. FROM THE SPINAL CORD TO THE MUSCLE. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Paradas C, Domínguez-González C, Madruga-Garrido M, Hirano M, Martí I, Munell F, Nascimento A, Olivé M, Quan J, Sardina D, Martí R. MITOCHONDRIAL DISEASES & METABOLIC MYOPATHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2020.08.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gil-Gálvez A, Carbonell-Corvillo P, Paradas C, Miranda-Vizuete A. Cautionary note on the use of Caenorhabditis elegans to study muscle phenotypes caused by mutations in the human MYH7 gene. Biotechniques 2020; 68:296-299. [PMID: 32301330 DOI: 10.2144/btn-2020-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the human MYH7 gene, encoding a slow skeletal muscle/β-cardiac myosin heavy chain, cause different types of myopathies. The nematode model Caenorhabditis elegans has frequently been employed to study the molecular and physiological consequences of MYH7 mutations in muscle function by introducing mutations into the unc-54 gene, the worm MYH7 ortholog. We report here that the C. elegans model is not appropriate for such studies if they involve expression of the UNC-54 protein (wild-type or fused to green fluorescent protein) above endogenous levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Gil-Gálvez
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Pilar Carbonell-Corvillo
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Antonio Miranda-Vizuete
- Redox Homeostasis Group, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBIS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, 41013 Sevilla, Spain
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Cortés-Vicente E, Álvarez-Velasco R, Segovia S, Paradas C, Casasnovas C, Guerrero-Sola A, Pardo J, Ramos-Fransi A, Sevilla T, López de Munain A, Gómez MT, Jericó I, Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez G, Pelayo-Negro AL, Martín MA, Mendoza MD, Morís G, Rojas-Garcia R, Díaz-Manera J, Querol L, Gallardo E, Vélez B, Albertí MA, Galán L, García-Sobrino T, Martínez-Piñeiro A, Lozano-Veintimilla A, Fernández-Torrón R, Cano-Abascal Á, Illa I. Clinical and therapeutic features of myasthenia gravis in adults based on age at onset. Neurology 2020; 94:e1171-e1180. [PMID: 32071167 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000008903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the characteristics of patients with very-late-onset myasthenia gravis (MG). METHODS This observational cross-sectional multicenter study was based on information in the neurologist-driven Spanish Registry of Neuromuscular Diseases (NMD-ES). All patients were >18 years of age at onset of MG and onset occurred between 2000 and 2016 in all cases. Patients were classified into 3 age subgroups: early-onset MG (age at onset <50 years), late-onset MG (onset ≥50 and <65 years), and very-late-onset MG (onset ≥65 years). Demographic, immunologic, clinical, and therapeutic data were reviewed. RESULTS A total of 939 patients from 15 hospitals were included: 288 (30.7%) had early-onset MG, 227 (24.2%) late-onset MG, and 424 (45.2%) very-late-onset MG. The mean follow-up was 9.1 years (SD 4.3). Patients with late onset and very late onset were more frequently men (p < 0.0001). Compared to the early-onset and late-onset groups, in the very-late-onset group, the presence of anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-AChR) antibodies (p < 0.0001) was higher and fewer patients had thymoma (p < 0.0001). Late-onset MG and very-late-onset MG groups more frequently had ocular MG, both at onset (<0.0001) and at maximal worsening (p = 0.001). Although the very-late-onset group presented more life-threatening events (Myasthenia Gravis Foundation of America IVB and V) at onset (p = 0.002), they required fewer drugs (p < 0.0001) and were less frequently drug-refractory (p < 0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with MG are primarily ≥65 years of age with anti-AChR antibodies and no thymoma. Although patients with very-late-onset MG may present life-threatening events at onset, they achieve a good outcome with fewer immunosuppressants when diagnosed and treated properly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cortés-Vicente
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Rodrigo Álvarez-Velasco
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Sonia Segovia
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Carlos Casasnovas
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Antonio Guerrero-Sola
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Julio Pardo
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Teresa Sevilla
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Adolfo López de Munain
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Maria Teresa Gómez
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ivonne Jericó
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Gerardo Gutiérrez-Gutiérrez
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Lara Pelayo-Negro
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María Asunción Martín
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María Dolores Mendoza
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Germán Morís
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricard Rojas-Garcia
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Luis Querol
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Beatriz Vélez
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - María Antonia Albertí
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Lucía Galán
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Tania García-Sobrino
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Alicia Martínez-Piñeiro
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ana Lozano-Veintimilla
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Ángel Cano-Abascal
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- From the Neuromuscular Diseases Unit, Department of Neurology (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau; Department of Medicine (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., I.I.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) (E.C.-V., R.Á.-V., S.S., C.C., T.S., R.R.-G., J.D.-M., L.Q., E.G., I.I.) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED) (C.P., A.L.d.M., A.L.P.-N.), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid; Neurology Department (C.P., B.V.), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla; Unitat de Neuromuscular (C.C., M.A.A.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge-IDIBELL, l'Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.-G.S., L.G.), Department of Neurology, Institute of Neurosciences, Hospital Universitario Clínico San Carlos, Madrid; Neurology Department (J.P., T.G.-S.), Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (A.R.-F., A.M.-P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Department of Medicine (A.R.-F.), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Badalona; Neuromuscular Unit (T.S., A.L.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe; Department of Medicine (T.S.), Universitat de València; Neurology Department (A.L.d.M., A.F.-T.), Donostia University Hospital; Neurosciences Area (A.L.d.M.), Biodonostia Research Institute, University of the Basque Country, San Sebastián; Neurology Department (M.T.G.), Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba; Department of Neurology (I.J.), Complejo Hospitalario de Navarra, Pamplona; Neuromuscular Diseases Unit (G.G.-G.), Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Infanta Sofía, Universidad Europea de Madrid, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Madrid; Complejo asistencial hospitalario de Burgos (M.A.M.), Burgos; Hospital Universitario de Gran Canaria Doctor Negrín (M.D.M.), Las Palmas de Gran Canaria; Hospital Central de Asturias (G.M.), Oviedo; and Service of Neurology (A.L.P.-N., Á.C.-A.), University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)," University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
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Mavillard F, Madruga-Garrido M, Rivas E, Servián-Morilla E, Ávila-Polo R, Marcos I, Morón FJ, Paradas C, Cabrera-Serrano M. NOVEL intronic CAPN3 Roma mutation alters splicing causing RNA mediated decay. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2019; 6:2328-2333. [PMID: 31612648 PMCID: PMC6856619 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.50910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/02/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CAPN3 mutations cause a limb girdle muscular dystrophy. Functional characterization of novel mutations facilitates diagnosis of future cases. We have identified a novel (c.1992 + 2T>G) CAPN3 mutation that disrupts the donor splice site of intron 17 splicing out exon 17, with mRNA levels severely reduced or undetectable. The mutation induces a strong change in the 3D structure of the mRNA which supports no‐go mRNA decay as the probable mechanism for RNA degradation. The mutation was identified in two unrelated Roma individuals showing a common ancestral origin and founder effect. This is the first Roma CAPN3 mutation to be reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Mavillard
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Neuromuscular Disorder Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Emilia Servián-Morilla
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Rainiero Ávila-Polo
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Pathology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Irene Marcos
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Genetics and Reproduction, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Seville, Spain
| | - Francisco J Morón
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Macarena Cabrera-Serrano
- Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain.,Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de salud Carlos III, Sevilla, Spain.,Department of Neurology, Hospital Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
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Mayhew A, James M, Hilsden H, Sutherland H, Jacobs M, Spuler S, Day J, Jones K, Bharucha-Goebel D, Salort-Campana E, Pestronk A, Walter M, Paradas C, Stojkovic T, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Diaz Manera J, Pegoraro E, Mendell J, Rufibach L, Straub V. P.177Measuring what matters in dysferlinopathy – linking functional ability to patient reported outcome measures. Neuromuscul Disord 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2019.06.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Fernández-Simón E, Carrasco-Rozas A, Gallardo E, González-Quereda L, Alonso-Pérez J, Belmonte I, Pedrosa-Hernández I, Montiel E, Segovia S, Suárez-Calvet X, Llauger J, Mayos M, Illa I, Barba-Romero MA, Barcena J, Paradas C, Carzorla MR, Creus C, Coll-Cantí J, Díaz M, Domínguez C, Fernández-Torrón R, García-Antelo MJ, Grau JM, López de Munáin A, Martínez-García FA, Morgado Y, Moreno A, Morís G, Muñoz-Blanco MA, Nascimento A, Parajuá-Pozo JL, Querol L, Rojas R, Robledo-Strauss A, Rojas-Marcos Í, Salazar JA, Usón M, Díaz-Manera J. Study of the effect of anti-rhGAA antibodies at low and intermediate titers in late onset Pompe patients treated with ERT. Mol Genet Metab 2019; 128:129-136. [PMID: 31378569 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Late onset Pompe disease (LOPD) is a genetic disorder characterized by slowly progressive skeletal and respiratory muscle weakness. Symptomatic patients are treated with enzyme replacement therapy (ERT) with alglucosidase alpha (rhGAA). Although most of ERT treated patients develop antibodies against rhGAA, their influence on clinical progression is not completely known. We studied the impact of anti-rhGAA antibodies on clinical progression of 25 ERT treated patients. We evaluated patients at visit 0 and, after 1 year, at visit 1. We performed several muscle function tests, conventional spirometry and quantitative muscle MRI (qMRI) using 3-point Dixon analysis of thigh muscles at both visits. We also obtained serum samples at both visits and anti-rhGAA antibodies were quantified using ELISA. Antibody titers higher than 1:200 were identified in 18 patients (72%) of our cohort. Seven patients (28%) did not develop antibodies (0 to <1:200), 17 patients (68%) developed low to intermediate titers (1:200 to <1:31,200) and 1 patient (4%) developed high titers (>1:31,200). We analyzed the effect of low and intermediate antibody titers in clinical and radiological progression. There were no differences between the results of muscle function tests, spirometry or fat fraction analyzed using qMRI between patients with and without antibodies groups at baseline. Moreover, antibody titers did not influence muscle function test, spirometry results or qMRI results at year 1 visit. Most of the LOPD patients developed antibodies against ERT that persisted over time at low or intermediate levels. However, antibodies at these low and intermediate titers might not influence clinical response to the drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Fernández-Simón
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Carrasco-Rozas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Eduard Gallardo
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Lidia González-Quereda
- U705 CIBERER, Genetics Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jorge Alonso-Pérez
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Izaskun Belmonte
- Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pedrosa-Hernández
- Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Montiel
- Rehabilitation and Physiotherapy Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sonia Segovia
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | - Xavier Suárez-Calvet
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jaume Llauger
- Radiology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mercedes Mayos
- Respiratory Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Cristina Domínguez
- Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain; Insituto de Investigación i+12, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Germán Morís
- Hospital Universitario de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Luis Querol
- Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Spain.
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40
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Domínguez-González C, Madruga-Garrido M, Mavillard F, Garone C, Aguirre-Rodríguez FJ, Donati MA, Kleinsteuber K, Martí I, Martín-Hernández E, Morealejo-Aycinena JP, Munell F, Nascimento A, Kalko SG, Sardina MD, Álvarez Del Vayo C, Serrano O, Long Y, Tu Y, Levin B, Thompson JLP, Engelstad K, Uddin J, Torres-Torronteras J, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Martí R, Paradas C, Hirano M. Deoxynucleoside Therapy for Thymidine Kinase 2-Deficient Myopathy. Ann Neurol 2019; 86:293-303. [PMID: 31125140 DOI: 10.1002/ana.25506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Thymidine kinase 2, encoded by the nuclear gene TK2, is required for mitochondrial DNA maintenance. Autosomal recessive TK2 mutations cause depletion and multiple deletions of mtDNA that manifest predominantly as a myopathy usually beginning in childhood and progressing relentlessly. We investigated the safety and efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies. METHODS We administered deoxynucleoside monophosphates and deoxynucleoside to 16 TK2-deficient patients under a compassionate use program. RESULTS In 5 patients with early onset and severe disease, survival and motor functions were better than historically untreated patients. In 11 childhood and adult onset patients, clinical measures stabilized or improved. Three of 8 patients who were nonambulatory at baseline gained the ability to walk on therapy; 4 of 5 patients who required enteric nutrition were able to discontinue feeding tube use; and 1 of 9 patients who required mechanical ventilation became able to breathe independently. In motor functional scales, improvements were observed in the 6-minute walk test performance in 7 of 8 subjects, Egen Klassifikation in 2 of 3, and North Star Ambulatory Assessment in all 5 tested. Baseline elevated serum growth differentiation factor 15 levels decreased with treatment in all 7 patients tested. A side effect observed in 8 of the 16 patients was dose-dependent diarrhea, which did not require withdrawal of treatment. Among 12 other TK2 patients treated with deoxynucleoside, 2 adults developed elevated liver enzymes that normalized following discontinuation of therapy. INTERPRETATION This open-label study indicates favorable side effect profiles and clinical efficacy of deoxynucleoside monophosphate and deoxynucleoside therapies for TK2 deficiency. ANN NEUROL 2019;86:293-303.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Domínguez-González
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación i + 12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcos Madruga-Garrido
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Pediatric Neurology Department, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Fabiola Mavillard
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caterina Garone
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - M Alice Donati
- Metabolic and Neuromuscular Unit, Meyer Hospital, Florence, Italy
| | - Karin Kleinsteuber
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Chile, Las Condes Clinic, Santiago, Chile
| | - Itxaso Martí
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Donostia University Hospital, San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Elena Martín-Hernández
- Instituto de Investigación i + 12, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Hereditary Metabolic and Mitochondrial Disorders Unit, Pediatric Department, October 12 Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francina Munell
- Pediatric Department, Vall d'Hebron Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andrés Nascimento
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Susana G Kalko
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Dolores Sardina
- Pediatric Neurology Department, Badajoz Hospital Complex, Badajoz, Spain
| | - Concepcion Álvarez Del Vayo
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Pharmacy Department, Virgin of el Rocío University Hospital, Seville, Spain
| | - Olga Serrano
- Pharmacy Department, October 12 Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yuelin Long
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Yuqi Tu
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Bruce Levin
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - John L P Thompson
- Department of Biostatistics, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Kristen Engelstad
- Neurology Department, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jasim Uddin
- Neurology Department, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Javier Torres-Torronteras
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Sant Joan de Déu Research Institute, Sant Joan de Déu Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramon Martí
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research Group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, University of Seville, Seville, Spain.,Center for Biomedical Network Research on Neurodegenerative Diseases, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Neurology Department, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY
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41
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Herrera-Olivares AM, Fernández-Luque JA, Paradas C, Lucia A, Santalla A. Combined HIIT and Resistance Training in Very Long-Chain Acyl-CoA Dehydrogenase Deficiency: A Case Report. Front Physiol 2019; 10:650. [PMID: 31191348 PMCID: PMC6547021 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Very long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase deficiency (VLCADD) is a rare disorder of mitochondrial fatty acid β-oxidation characterized by a spectrum of clinical manifestations. Patients with the adult-onset form can present with muscle pain, rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria after physiological stress, such as fasting and exercise. We report on a 23-year-old female patient with a history of recurrent rhabdomyolysis. The patient completed a 6-month supervised combined (high-intensity interval training [HIIT] + resistance training) program, with the addition of a medium chain triglyceride + carbohydrate supplement provided 60 min before each session. The HIIT consisted of 6 sets of 70–80 s performed at maximum intensity with a minimum cadence of 100 rpm. Resistance training consisted of a circuit of basic exercises with dumbbells and elastic bands, with sets of 4–7 repetitions. The patient was evaluated at months 0, 3 and 6 using an incremental discontinuous step protocol, with steps of 1 min of exercise/1 min of passive recovery, at a high pedal cadence. The test started at 10 W, with a load increase of 10 W/step. Blood creatine kinase (CK) concentration was measured before each evaluation. There was a training-induced increment of 90.2% in peak oxygen uptake (VO2peak), 71.4% in peak power output and 24.7% in peak heart rate. The patient reported no muscle pain, contractures, rhabdomyolysis (basal CK concentration was always <200 U/L) or hospital admissions during the training period. After completion of 6-month program, the patient remained active, doing similar but non-supervised training for 1.5 years (to date). During this period, the patient has not reported myalgias, contractures, rhabdomyolysis or hospital admissions. Our preliminary data suggest that it is possible to carry out a combined (HIIT + strength) training program in patients with VLCADD, safely (without muscle contractures or rhabdomyolysis) and obtaining high values of VO2peak and cycling power output.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, CSIC-Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Lucia
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Europea de Madrid, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Santalla
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Seville, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre (i+12), Madrid, Spain
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42
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Domínguez-González C, Hernández-Laín A, Rivas E, Hernández-Voth A, Sayas Catalán J, Fernández-Torrón R, Fuiza-Luces C, García García J, Morís G, Olivé M, Miralles F, Díaz-Manera J, Caballero C, Méndez-Ferrer B, Martí R, García Arumi E, Badosa MC, Esteban J, Jimenez-Mallebrera C, Encinar AB, Arenas J, Hirano M, Martin MÁ, Paradas C. Late-onset thymidine kinase 2 deficiency: a review of 18 cases. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2019; 14:100. [PMID: 31060578 PMCID: PMC6501326 DOI: 10.1186/s13023-019-1071-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND TK2 gene encodes for mitochondrial thymidine kinase, which phosphorylates the pyrimidine nucleosides thymidine and deoxycytidine. Recessive mutations in the TK2 gene are responsible for the 'myopathic form' of the mitochondrial depletion/multiple deletions syndrome, with a wide spectrum of severity. METHODS We describe 18 patients with mitochondrial myopathy due to mutations in the TK2 gene with absence of clinical symptoms until the age of 12. RESULTS The mean age of onset was 31 years. The first symptom was muscle limb weakness in 10/18, eyelid ptosis in 6/18, and respiratory insufficiency in 2/18. All patients developed variable muscle weakness during the evolution of the disease. Half of patients presented difficulty in swallowing. All patients showed evidence of respiratory muscle weakness, with need for non-invasive Mechanical Ventilation in 12/18. Four patients had deceased, all of them due to respiratory insufficiency. We identified common radiological features in muscle magnetic resonance, where the most severely affected muscles were the gluteus maximus, semitendinosus and sartorius. On muscle biopsies typical signs of mitochondrial dysfunction were associated with dystrophic changes. All mutations identified were previously reported, being the most frequent the in-frame deletion p.Lys202del. All cases showed multiple mtDNA deletions but mtDNA depletion was present only in two patients. CONCLUSIONS The late-onset is the less frequent form of presentation of the TK2 deficiency and its natural history is not well known. Patients with late onset TK2 deficiency have a consistent and recognizable clinical phenotype and a poor prognosis, due to the high risk of early and progressive respiratory insufficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Domínguez-González
- Neurology department, Neuromuscular disorders Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Aurelio Hernández-Laín
- Neuropathology, Pathology Department, Neuromuscular disorders Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Eloy Rivas
- Pathological Anatomic Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ana Hernández-Voth
- Neumology department, Neuromuscular disorders Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Javier Sayas Catalán
- Neumology department, Neuromuscular disorders Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Carmen Fuiza-Luces
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Germán Morís
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular disorders Unit, Hospital Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Pathological Anatomy Department, Neuromuscular disorders unit, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Frances Miralles
- Neurology department, Neuromuscular disorders unit, Hospital Universitari Son Espases, Palma, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neurology department, Neuromuscular disorders unit, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Candela Caballero
- Respiratory Department, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, CIBERES, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Ramon Martí
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena García Arumi
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Research group on Neuromuscular and Mitochondrial Diseases, Valld'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Carmen Badosa
- Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jesús Esteban
- Neurology department, Neuromuscular disorders Unit, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Cecilia Jimenez-Mallebrera
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Neuromuscular Unit, Neurology Department, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alberto Blazquez Encinar
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Arenas
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michio Hirano
- Department of Neurology, H. Houston Merritt Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
| | - Miguel Ángel Martin
- Research Institute i+12, 12 de Octubre Hospital, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.,Mitochondrial and Neuromuscular Diseases Laboratory, Research Institute of Hospital '12 de Octubre' ('i+12'), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neurology Department, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío, CSIC, Universidad de Sevilla, Avd. Manuel Siurot s/n, 41013, Sevilla, Spain. .,Biomedical Network Research Centre on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.
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43
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Alonso-Jimenez A, Kroon RHMJM, Alejaldre-Monforte A, Nuñez-Peralta C, Horlings CGC, van Engelen BGM, Olivé M, González L, Verges-Gil E, Paradas C, Márquez C, Garibaldi M, Gallano P, Rodriguez MJ, Gonzalez-Quereda L, Dominguez Gonzalez C, Vissing J, Fornander F, Eisum ASV, García-Sobrino T, Pardo J, García-Figueiras R, Muelas N, Vilchez JJ, Kapetanovic S, Tasca G, Monforte M, Ricci E, Gomez MT, Bevilacqua JA, Diaz-Jara J, Zamorano II, Carlier RY, Laforet P, Pelayo-Negro A, Ramos-Fransi A, Martínez A, Marini-Bettolo C, Straub V, Gutiérrez G, Stojkovic T, Martín MA, Morís G, Fernández-Torrón R, Lopez De Munaín A, Cortes-Vicente E, Querol L, Rojas-García R, Illa I, Diaz-Manera J. Muscle MRI in a large cohort of patients with oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2019; 90:576-585. [PMID: 30530568 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2018-319578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Oculopharyngeal muscular dystrophy (OPMD) is a genetic disorder caused by an abnormal expansion of GCN triplets within the PABPN1 gene. Previous descriptions have focused on lower limb muscles in small cohorts of patients with OPMD, but larger imaging studies have not been performed. Previous imaging studies have been too small to be able to correlate imaging findings to genetic and clinical data. METHODS We present cross-sectional, T1-weighted muscle MRI and CT-scan data from 168 patients with genetically confirmed OPMD. We have analysed the pattern of muscle involvement in the disease using hierarchical analysis and presented it as heatmaps. Results of the scans were correlated with genetic and clinical data. RESULTS Fatty replacement was identified in 96.7% of all symptomatic patients. The tongue, the adductor magnus and the soleus were the most commonly affected muscles. Muscle pathology on MRI correlated positively with disease duration and functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS We have described a pattern that can be considered characteristic of OPMD. An early combination of fat replacement in the tongue, adductor magnus and soleus can be helpful for differential diagnosis. The findings suggest the natural history of the disease from a radiological point of view. The information generated by this study is of high diagnostic value and important for clinical trial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Alonso-Jimenez
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | | | | | - Corinne G C Horlings
- Neurology Department, Radboud university Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Montse Olivé
- Pathology Department (Neuropathology), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IDIBELL, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura González
- Pathology Department (Neuropathology), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IDIBELL, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Enric Verges-Gil
- Pathology Department (Neuropathology), Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, IDIBELL, Hospital de Bellvitge, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Celedonio Márquez
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Matteo Garibaldi
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Mental Health and Sensory Organs (NESMOS), SAPIENZA University of Rome, Ospedale Sant'Andrea, Rome, Italy
| | - Pía Gallano
- Genetic Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Lidia Gonzalez-Quereda
- Genetic Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Cristina Dominguez Gonzalez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain
| | - John Vissing
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Freja Fornander
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anne-Sofie Vibæk Eisum
- Copenhagen Neuromuscular Center, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Julio Pardo
- Neurology Department, Hospital Clínico, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Nuria Muelas
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Neurology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Jesús Vilchez
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain.,Neuromuscular Research Unit, Neurology Department, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria la Fe, Hospital Universitari i Politécnic La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | | | - Giorgio Tasca
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, Roem, Italy
| | - Mauro Monforte
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, Roem, Italy.,Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Enzo Ricci
- Unità Operativa Complessa di Neurologia, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A, Gemelli IRCCS, Roem, Italy.,Istituto di Neurologia, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - María Teresa Gomez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Reina Sofía, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Jorge Alfredo Bevilacqua
- Departamento de Neurología y Neurocirugía, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Programa de Anatomía y Medicina Legal, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jorge Diaz-Jara
- Centro de imagenología, Hospital Clínico Universidad de Chile, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ivonne Ingrid Zamorano
- Servicio de Neurología, Hospital de Puerto Montt, Servicio de Salud del Reloncavi, Los Lagos Region, Chile
| | - Robert Yves Carlier
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service d'Imagerie Médicale, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
| | - Pascal Laforet
- Assistance Publique des Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Service de neurologie, Pôle Neuro-locomoteur, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, Hôpitaux Universitaires Paris-Ile-de-France Ouest, Garches, France
| | - Ana Pelayo-Negro
- Neurology Department, University Hospital "Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)", University of Cantabria, and "Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)", Santander, Spain
| | - Alba Ramos-Fransi
- Neurology Department, Hospital Germans Trias I Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Chiara Marini-Bettolo
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases Institute of Genetic Medicine, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Gerardo Gutiérrez
- Neurology Department, Hospital Infanta Sofía, San Sebastián de los Reyes, Spain
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | - Germán Morís
- Neurology Department, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Asturias, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernández-Torrón
- Neurology Department, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuromuscular Area, Neurology Service, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adolfo Lopez De Munaín
- Neurology Department, Hospital Donostia, San Sebastián, Spain.,Neuromuscular Area, Neurology Service, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Elena Cortes-Vicente
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis Querol
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Ricardo Rojas-García
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Isabel Illa
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu I Sant Pau, Universidad Autónoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
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Servián-Morilla E, Cabrera-Serrano M, Rivas-Infante E, Carvajal A, Lamont PJ, Pelayo-Negro AL, Ravenscroft G, Junckerstorff R, Dyke JM, Fletcher S, Adams AM, Mavillard F, Fernández-García MA, Nieto-González JL, Laing NG, Paradas C. Altered myogenesis and premature senescence underlie human TRIM32-related myopathy. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2019; 7:30. [PMID: 30823891 PMCID: PMC6396567 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-019-0683-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
TRIM32 is a E3 ubiquitin -ligase containing RING, B-box, coiled-coil and six C-terminal NHL domains. Mutations involving NHL and coiled-coil domains result in a pure myopathy (LGMD2H/STM) while the only described mutation in the B-box domain is associated with a multisystemic disorder without myopathy (Bardet-Biedl syndrome type11), suggesting that these domains are involved in distinct processes. Knock-out (T32KO) and knock-in mice carrying the c.1465G > A (p.D489N) involving the NHL domain (T32KI) show alterations in muscle regrowth after atrophy and satellite cells senescence. Here, we present phenotypical description and functional characterization of mutations in the RING, coiled-coil and NHL domains of TRIM32 causing a muscle dystrophy. Reduced levels of TRIM32 protein was observed in all patient muscle studied, regardless of the type of mutation (missense, single amino acid deletion, and frameshift) or the mutated domain. The affected patients presented with variable phenotypes but predominantly proximal weakness. Two patients had symptoms of both muscular dystrophy and Bardet-Biedl syndrome. The muscle magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) pattern is highly variable among patients and families. Primary myoblast culture from these patients demonstrated common findings consistent with reduced proliferation and differentiation, diminished satellite cell pool, accelerated senescence of muscle, and signs of autophagy activation.
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Moore U, Jacobs M, James MK, Mayhew AG, Fernandez-Torron R, Feng J, Cnaan A, Eagle M, Bettinson K, Rufibach LE, Lofra RM, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Mittal P, Lowes LP, Alfano L, Rose K, Duong T, Berry KM, Montiel-Morillo E, Pedrosa-Hernández I, Holsten S, Sanjak M, Ashida A, Sakamoto C, Tateishi T, Yajima H, Canal A, Ollivier G, Decostre V, Mendez JB, Sánchez-Aguilera Praxedes N, Thiele S, Siener C, Shierbecker J, Florence JM, Vandevelde B, DeWolf B, Hutchence M, Gee R, Prügel J, Maron E, Hilsden H, Lochmüller H, Grieben U, Spuler S, Tesi Rocha C, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Harms M, Pestronk A, Krause S, Schreiber-Katz O, Walter MC, Paradas C, Hogrel JY, Stojkovic T, Takeda S, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Sparks S, Díaz-Manera J, Bello L, Semplicini C, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Straub V. Assessment of disease progression in dysferlinopathy: A 1-year cohort study. Neurology 2019; 92:e461-e474. [PMID: 30626655 PMCID: PMC6369904 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000006858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the ability of functional measures to detect disease progression in dysferlinopathy over 6 months and 1 year. METHODS One hundred ninety-three patients with dysferlinopathy were recruited to the Jain Foundation's International Clinical Outcome Study for Dysferlinopathy. Baseline, 6-month, and 1-year assessments included adapted North Star Ambulatory Assessment (a-NSAA), Motor Function Measure (MFM-20), timed function tests, 6-minute walk test (6MWT), Brooke scale, Jebsen test, manual muscle testing, and hand-held dynamometry. Patients also completed the ACTIVLIM questionnaire. Change in each measure over 6 months and 1 year was calculated and compared between disease severity (ambulant [mild, moderate, or severe based on a-NSAA score] or nonambulant [unable to complete a 10-meter walk]) and clinical diagnosis. RESULTS The functional a-NSAA test was the most sensitive to deterioration for ambulant patients overall. The a-NSAA score was the most sensitive test in the mild and moderate groups, while the 6MWT was most sensitive in the severe group. The 10-meter walk test was the only test showing significant change across all ambulant severity groups. In nonambulant patients, the MFM domain 3, wrist flexion strength, and pinch grip were most sensitive. Progression rates did not differ by clinical diagnosis. Power calculations determined that 46 moderately affected patients are required to determine clinical effectiveness for a hypothetical 1-year clinical trial based on the a-NSAA as a clinical endpoint. CONCLUSION Certain functional outcome measures can detect changes over 6 months and 1 year in dysferlinopathy and potentially be useful in monitoring progression in clinical trials. CLINICALTRIALSGOV IDENTIFIER NCT01676077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula Moore
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Marni Jacobs
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Meredith K James
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Anna G Mayhew
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Torron
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Jia Feng
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Avital Cnaan
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Michelle Eagle
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Karen Bettinson
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Laura E Rufibach
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Robert Muni Lofra
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Plavi Mittal
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Linda Pax Lowes
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Lindsay Alfano
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Kristy Rose
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tina Duong
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Katherine M Berry
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Montiel-Morillo
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Irene Pedrosa-Hernández
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Scott Holsten
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Mohammed Sanjak
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ai Ashida
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Chikako Sakamoto
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Takayuki Tateishi
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Hiroyuki Yajima
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Aurélie Canal
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Gwenn Ollivier
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Valerie Decostre
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Juan Bosco Mendez
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Nieves Sánchez-Aguilera Praxedes
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Thiele
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Catherine Siener
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Jeanine Shierbecker
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Julaine M Florence
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Bruno Vandevelde
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Brittney DeWolf
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Meghan Hutchence
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Richard Gee
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Juliana Prügel
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elke Maron
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Heather Hilsden
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Simone Spuler
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Carolina Tesi Rocha
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - John W Day
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Kristi J Jones
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Matthew Harms
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Alan Pestronk
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Sabine Krause
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Olivia Schreiber-Katz
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Maggie C Walter
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Carmen Paradas
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Bravver
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Susan Sparks
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bello
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Semplicini
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Elena Pegoraro
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Jerry R Mendell
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Kate Bushby
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy
| | - Volker Straub
- From the John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre (U.M., M.K.J., A.G.M., R.F.-T., M.E., K.B., R.M.L., H.H., H.L., K.B., V.S.), Newcastle University and Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Central Parkway, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; Center for Translational Science (M.J., J.F., A. Cnaan), Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Cooperative International Neuromuscular Research Group (T.D., B.D.), and Department of Neurology (D.X.B.-G.), Children's National Health System; Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics (M.J., A. Cnaan), George Washington University, Washington, DC; Neuromuscular Area (R.F.-T.), Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain; Jain Foundation (L.E.R., P.M.), Seattle, WA; Magnetic Resonance Centre (A.M.B.), Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK; AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory (P.G.C.), Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, 47-83, Paris, France; Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital (L.P.L., L.A., K.M.B., J.R.M.), The Ohio State University, Columbus; Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research (K.R., M. Hutchence, K.J.J.), Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Australia; Lucile Salter Packard Children's Hospital at Stanford (T.D.), 24349, Neurology, Palo Alto, CA; Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (E.M.-M., I.P.-H.), Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; Neuroscience Institute (S.H., M.S., E.B., S. Sparks), Carolinas Neuromuscular/ALS-MDA Center, Carolinas HealthCare System, Charlotte, NC; Department of Physical Rehabilitation (A.A., C. Sakamoto, T.T., H.Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Institut de Myologie (A. Canal, G.O., V.D., J.-Y.H., T.S.), AP-HP, GH Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France; Neurorehabilitation Unit (J.B.M.), Rehabilitation Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío Sevilla; Neurophysiotherapy Department (N.S.-A.P.), Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Seville, Spain; Friedrich-Baur-Institute (S. Thiele, S.K., O.S.-K. M.C.W.), Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Germany; Department of Neurology (C. Siener, J.S., J.M.F., M. Harms, A.P.), Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO; Centre de Reference des Maladies Neuromusculaires PACA Réunion Rhone Alpes (B.V., E.S.-C.), Hopital de la Timone, Aix-Marseille Université, France; ELAN-PHYSIO (J.P., E.M.), Praxis für Physiotherapie Maron; Charite Muscle Research Unit (U.G., S. Spuler), Experimental and Clinical Research Center, a joint cooperation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences (C.T.R., J.W.D.), Stanford University School of Medicine, CA; NIH (D.X.B.-G.), Bethesda, MD; Neuromuscular Unit (C.P.), Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Spain; Department of Neurology (S. Takeda, M.M.-Y.), National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (J.D.-M.); Neuromuscular Disorders Unit (J.D.-M.), Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain; and Department of Neuroscience (L.B., C. Semplicini, E.P.), University of Padova, Italy.
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GóMez-Andrés D, Díaz-Manera J, Alejaldre A, Pulido-Valdeolivas I, GonzáLez-Mera L, Olivé M, Vilchez JJ, De Munain AL, Paradas C, Muelas N, SáNchez-MontáÑez Á, Alonso-Jimenez A, De la Banda MGG, Dabaj I, Bonne G, Munell F, Carlier RY, Quijano-Roy S. Muscle imaging in laminopathies: Synthesis study identifies meaningful muscles for follow-up. Muscle Nerve 2018; 58:812-817. [PMID: 30066418 DOI: 10.1002/mus.26312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2018] [Revised: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Particular fibroadipose infiltration patterns have been recently described by muscle imaging in congenital and later onset forms of LMNA-related muscular dystrophies (LMNA-RD). METHODS Scores for fibroadipose infiltration of 23 lower limb muscles in 34 patients with LMNA-RD were collected from heat maps of 2 previous studies. Scoring systems were homogenized. Relationships between muscle infiltration and disease duration and age of onset were modeled with random forests. RESULTS The pattern of infiltration differs according to disease duration but not to age of disease onset. The muscles whose progression best predicts disease duration were semitendinosus, biceps femoris long head, gluteus medius, and semimembranosus. DISCUSSION In LMNA-RD, our synthetic analysis of lower limb muscle infiltration did not find major differences between forms with different ages of onset but allowed the identification of muscles with characteristic infiltration during disease progression. Monitoring of these specific muscles by quantitative MRI may provide useful imaging biomarkers in LMNA-RD. Muscle Nerve 58:812-817, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- David GóMez-Andrés
- Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jordi Díaz-Manera
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aida Alejaldre
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Irene Pulido-Valdeolivas
- Center of Neuroimmunology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura GonzáLez-Mera
- Department of Neurology, Hospital de Viladecans, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Montse Olivé
- Institute of Neuropathology, Department of Pathology and Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, IDIBELL-Hospital de Bellvitge, Hospitalet de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan José Vilchez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Institute, CIBERER, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Adolfo LóPez De Munain
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Institute, CIBERER, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain.,Neurosciences Area, Biodonostia Institute, CIBERNED, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology and Neurophysiology, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Nuria Muelas
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, Neuroscience Area, Biodonostia Institute, CIBERER, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain
| | | | - Alicia Alonso-Jimenez
- Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, CIBERER, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Gómez García De la Banda
- APHP, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Pediatric Department, CHU Paris IdF Ouest - Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Ivana Dabaj
- APHP, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Pediatric Department, CHU Paris IdF Ouest - Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Garches, France
| | - Gisèle Bonne
- Sorbonne Université, INSERM UMRS974, Center for Research in Myology, Institut de Myologie, G. H. Pitié Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | - Francina Munell
- Neuromuscular Disorders Group, Child Neurology Unit, Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Passeig de la Vall d'Hebron 119-129, 08035, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Robert Y Carlier
- APHP, Radiology Department, CHU Paris IdF Ouest - Hôpital Raymond Poincaré. Paris Saclay Universities, UVSQ University of Versailles, UMR 1179 INSERM Garches, France
| | - Susana Quijano-Roy
- APHP, Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Pediatric Department, CHU Paris IdF Ouest - Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, Paris Saclay Universities, UVSQ University of Versailles, UMR 1179 INSERM, Garches, France
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Moore UR, Jacobs M, Fernandez-Torron R, Jang J, James MK, Mayhew A, Rufibach L, Mittal P, Eagle M, Cnaan A, Carlier PG, Blamire A, Hilsden H, Lochmüller H, Grieben U, Spuler S, Tesi Rocha C, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Harms M, Pestronk A, Krause S, Schreiber-Katz O, Walter MC, Paradas C, Hogrel JY, Stojkovic T, Takeda S, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Sparks S, Diaz-Manera J, Bello L, Semplicini C, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Straub V. Teenage exercise is associated with earlier symptom onset in dysferlinopathy: a retrospective cohort study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1224-1226. [PMID: 29378789 PMCID: PMC6227796 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ursula R Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Children's Research Institute, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Torron
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK.,Neuromuscular Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain
| | - Jiji Jang
- Children's Research Institute, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | | | | | - Michelle Eagle
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Avital Cnaan
- Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Children's Research Institute, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- AIM and CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Andrew Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Heather Hilsden
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmüller
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, The Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolina Tesi Rocha
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Emmanuelle Salort-Campana
- Department of Neuromuscular and ALS Center, La Timone Hospital, Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | - Matthew Harms
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabine Krause
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Schreiber-Katz
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Department of Neurology, Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Boulevard de l'Hôpital, Paris, France
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Sparks
- Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Garibaldi M, Fattori F, Bortolotti C, Brochier G, Labasse C, Verardo M, Bertini E, Pennisi E, Paradas C, Romero N, Antonini G. CONGENITAL MYOPATHIES: NEMALINE AND TITINOPATHIES. Neuromuscul Disord 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.06.280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Diaz-Manera J, Fernandez-Torron R, LLauger J, James MK, Mayhew A, Smith FE, Moore UR, Blamire AM, Carlier PG, Rufibach L, Mittal P, Eagle M, Jacobs M, Hodgson T, Wallace D, Ward L, Smith M, Stramare R, Rampado A, Sato N, Tamaru T, Harwick B, Rico Gala S, Turk S, Coppenrath EM, Foster G, Bendahan D, Le Fur Y, Fricke ST, Otero H, Foster SL, Peduto A, Sawyer AM, Hilsden H, Lochmuller H, Grieben U, Spuler S, Tesi Rocha C, Day JW, Jones KJ, Bharucha-Goebel DX, Salort-Campana E, Harms M, Pestronk A, Krause S, Schreiber-Katz O, Walter MC, Paradas C, Hogrel JY, Stojkovic T, Takeda S, Mori-Yoshimura M, Bravver E, Sparks S, Bello L, Semplicini C, Pegoraro E, Mendell JR, Bushby K, Straub V. Muscle MRI in patients with dysferlinopathy: pattern recognition and implications for clinical trials. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2018; 89:1071-1081. [PMID: 29735511 PMCID: PMC6166612 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2017-317488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Dysferlinopathies are a group of muscle disorders caused by mutations in the DYSF gene. Previous muscle imaging studies describe a selective pattern of muscle involvement in smaller patient cohorts, but a large imaging study across the entire spectrum of the dysferlinopathies had not been performed and previous imaging findings were not correlated with functional tests. METHODS We present cross-sectional T1-weighted muscle MRI data from 182 patients with genetically confirmed dysferlinopathies. We have analysed the pattern of muscles involved in the disease using hierarchical analysis and presented it as heatmaps. Results of the MRI scans have been correlated with relevant functional tests for each region of the body analysed. RESULTS In 181 of the 182 patients scanned, we observed muscle pathology on T1-weighted images, with the gastrocnemius medialis and the soleus being the most commonly affected muscles. A similar pattern of involvement was identified in most patients regardless of their clinical presentation. Increased muscle pathology on MRI correlated positively with disease duration and functional impairment. CONCLUSIONS The information generated by this study is of high diagnostic value and important for clinical trial development. We have been able to describe a pattern that can be considered as characteristic of dysferlinopathy. We have defined the natural history of the disease from a radiological point of view. These results enabled the identification of the most relevant regions of interest for quantitative MRI in longitudinal studies, such as clinical trials. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NCT01676077.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Diaz-Manera
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain.,Neuromuscular Disorders Unit, Neurology Department, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Roberto Fernandez-Torron
- Neuromuscular Area, Biodonostia Health Research Institute, Neurology Service, Donostia University Hospital, Donostia-San Sebastian, Spain.,The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jaume LLauger
- Radiology Department, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Hospital de la Santa Creu i Sant Pau, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Meredith K James
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anna Mayhew
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Fiona E Smith
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ursula R Moore
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Andrew M Blamire
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Pierre G Carlier
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | | | | | - Michelle Eagle
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Marni Jacobs
- Center for Translational Science, Division of Biostatistics and Study Methodology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Tim Hodgson
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Dorothy Wallace
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Louise Ward
- Magnetic Resonance Centre, Institute for Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Mark Smith
- Department of Radiology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Roberto Stramare
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Alessandro Rampado
- Radiology Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Noriko Sato
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takeshi Tamaru
- Department of Radiology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Bruce Harwick
- Department of Radiology, CMC Mercy Charlotte, Carolinas Healthcare System Neurosciences Institute, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susana Rico Gala
- Department of Radiology, Hospital U. Virgen de Valme, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Suna Turk
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Eva M Coppenrath
- Department of Clinical Radiology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, Munich, Germany
| | - Glenn Foster
- Center for Clinical Imaging Research CCIR, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - David Bendahan
- Centre de Résonance, Magnétique Biologique et Médicale, Marseille, France.,Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France
| | | | - Stanley T Fricke
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Hansel Otero
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Radiology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - Sheryl L Foster
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anthony Peduto
- Department of Radiology, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia.,Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Anne Marie Sawyer
- Lucas Center for Imaging, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Heather Hilsden
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Hanns Lochmuller
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Ulrike Grieben
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Co-operation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Charite Muscle Research Unit, Experimental and Clinical Research Center, A Joint Co-operation of the Charité Medical Faculty and the Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Carolina Tesi Rocha
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - John W Day
- Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Kristi J Jones
- Institute for Neuroscience and Muscle Research, Children's Hospital at Westmead, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Diana X Bharucha-Goebel
- Department of Neurology, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia, USA.,National Institutes of Health (NINDS), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Matthew Harms
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Alan Pestronk
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Sabine Krause
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Olivia Schreiber-Katz
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maggie C Walter
- Friedrich-Baur-Institute, Department of Neurology, Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Carmen Paradas
- Neuromuscular Unit, Department of Neurology, Hospital U. Virgen del Rocío/Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jean-Yves Hogrel
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Tanya Stojkovic
- Institut de Myologie, AP-HP, G.H. Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Shin'ichi Takeda
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Madoka Mori-Yoshimura
- Department of Neurology, National Center Hospital, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Elena Bravver
- Neurosciences Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Susan Sparks
- Neurosciences Institute, Carolinas Healthcare System, Charlotte, North Carolina, USA
| | - Luca Bello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Elena Pegoraro
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Kate Bushby
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Volker Straub
- The John Walton Muscular Dystrophy Research Centre, MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
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Carbonell-Corvillo P, Tristán-Clavijo E, Cabrera-Serrano M, Servián-Morilla E, García-Martín G, Villarreal-Pérez L, Rivas-Infante E, Area-Gómez E, Chamorro-Muñoz M, Gil-Gálvez A, Miranda-Vizuete A, Martinez-Mir A, Laing N, Paradas C. A novel MYH7 founder mutation causing Laing distal myopathy in Southern Spain. Neuromuscul Disord 2018; 28:828-836. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Revised: 07/12/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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