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Veenhuis RT, Abreu CM, Costa PAG, Ferreira EA, Ratliff J, Pohlenz L, Shirk EN, Rubin LH, Blankson JN, Gama L, Clements JE. Monocyte-derived macrophages contain persistent latent HIV reservoirs. Nat Microbiol 2023; 8:833-844. [PMID: 36973419 PMCID: PMC10159852 DOI: 10.1038/s41564-023-01349-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
The development of persistent cellular reservoirs of latent human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a critical obstacle to viral eradication since viral rebound takes place once anti-retroviral therapy (ART) is interrupted. Previous studies show that HIV persists in myeloid cells (monocytes and macrophages) in blood and tissues in virologically suppressed people with HIV (vsPWH). However, how myeloid cells contribute to the size of the HIV reservoir and what impact they have on rebound after treatment interruption remain unclear. Here we report the development of a human monocyte-derived macrophage quantitative viral outgrowth assay (MDM-QVOA) and highly sensitive T cell detection assays to confirm purity. We assess the frequency of latent HIV in monocytes using this assay in a longitudinal cohort of vsPWH (n = 10, 100% male, ART duration 5-14 yr) and find half of the participants showed latent HIV in monocytes. In some participants, these reservoirs could be detected over several years. Additionally, we assessed HIV genomes in monocytes from 30 vsPWH (27% male, ART duration 5-22 yr) utilizing a myeloid-adapted intact proviral DNA assay (IPDA) and demonstrate that intact genomes were present in 40% of the participants and higher total HIV DNA correlated with reactivatable latent reservoirs. The virus produced in the MDM-QVOA was capable of infecting bystander cells resulting in viral spread. These findings provide further evidence that myeloid cells meet the definition of a clinically relevant HIV reservoir and emphasize that myeloid reservoirs should be included in efforts towards an HIV cure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Celina M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Pedro A G Costa
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Edna A Ferreira
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Janaysha Ratliff
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lily Pohlenz
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erin N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Leah H Rubin
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Joel N Blankson
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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2
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Santos MM, Cabral MJDS, Abreu CM, Silva IMD, Costa VA, Demolin-Leite GL, Pires EM, Soares MA. Horismenus cupreus (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) parasitizing Bedellia somnulentella (Lepidoptera: Bedelliidae) in Ipomoea batatas. BRAZ J BIOL 2022; 82:e262626. [PMID: 35976284 DOI: 10.1590/1519-6984.262626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M M Santos
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - M J D S Cabral
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - C M Abreu
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - I M da Silva
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
| | - V A Costa
- Instituto Biológico - IB, Centro Avançado de Pesquisa em Proteção de Plantas e Saúde Animal, Agência Paulista de Tecnologia dos Agronegócios - APTA, Campinas, SP, Brasil
| | - G L Demolin-Leite
- Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais - UFMG, Montes Claros, MG, Brasil
| | - E M Pires
- Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso - UFMT, Sinop, MS, Brasil
| | - M A Soares
- Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri - UFVJM, Departamento de Agronomia, Diamantina, MG, Brasil
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Abreu CM, Veenhuis RT, Shirk EN, Queen SE, Bullock BT, Mankowski JL, Gama L, Clements JE. Quantitative Viral Outgrowth Assay to Measure the Functional SIV Reservoir in Myeloid Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2407:333-356. [PMID: 34985674 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-1871-4_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The role of CD4+ T cells in HIV infection and the latent reservoir, that is, latently infected cells that harbor replication competent virus, has been rigorously assessed. We have previously reported a quantitative viral outgrowth assay (QVOA) for SIV that demonstrated the frequency of latently infected CD4+ T cells is approximately 1 in a million cells, similar to that of HIV infected individuals on ART. However, the frequency of productively infected monocytes in blood and macrophages in tissues has not been similarly studied. Myeloid cells are infected during acute HIV and SIV infection; however, unlike lymphocytes, they are resistant to the cytopathic effects of the virus. Moreover, tissue-resident macrophages have the ability to self-renew and persist in the body for months to years. Thus, tissue macrophages, once infected, have the characteristics of a stable viral reservoir. A better understanding of the number of productively infected macrophages is critical to understanding the role of infected myeloid cells as a viral reservoir. In order to assess the functional latent reservoir. we have developed specific QVOAs for monocytes in blood, and macrophages in spleen, BAL and brain, which are described in detail in this chapter.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - R T Veenhuis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - B T Bullock
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - L Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - J E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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Oliveira IM, Carvalho MR, Fernandes DC, Abreu CM, Maia FR, Pereira H, Caballero D, Kundu SC, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Modulation of inflammation by anti-TNF α mAb-dendrimer nanoparticles loaded in tyramine-modified gellan gum hydrogels in a cartilage-on-a-chip model. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:4211-4218. [PMID: 33998627 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb00802a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune and chronic inflammatory disease characterized by joint inflammation. Since the inflammatory condition plays an important role in the disease process, it is important to develop and test new therapeutic approaches that specifically target and treat joint inflammation. In this study, a human 3D inflammatory cartilage-on-a-chip model was established to test the therapeutic efficacy of anti-TNFα mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs loaded-Tyramine-Gellan Gum in the treatment of inflammation. The results showed that the proposed therapeutic approach applied to the human monocyte cell line (THP-1) and human chondrogenic primary cells (hCH) cell-based inflammation system revealed an anti-inflammatory capacity that increased over 14 days. It was also possible to observe that Coll type II was highly expressed by inflamed hCH upon the culture with anti-TNF α mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs, indicating that the hCH cells were able maintain their biological function. The developed preclinical model allowed us to provide more robust data on the potential therapeutic effect of anti-TNF α mAb-CS/PAMAM dendrimer NPs loaded-Ty-GG hydrogel in a physiologically relevant model.
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Affiliation(s)
- I M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - M R Carvalho
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - D C Fernandes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - C M Abreu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - F R Maia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - H Pereira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal and Orthopedic Department, Povoa de Varzim - Vila do Conde Hospital Centre, Portugal and Ripoll & De Prado Sport Clinic, Spain
| | - D Caballero
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - S C Kundu
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - R L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - J M Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs - Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics of University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Avepark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal. and ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Veenhuis RT, Williams DW, Shirk EN, Abreu CM, Ferreira EA, Coughlin JM, Brown TT, Maki PM, Anastos K, Berman JW, Clements JE, Rubin LH. Higher circulating intermediate monocytes are associated with cognitive function in women with HIV. JCI Insight 2021; 6:146215. [PMID: 33914710 PMCID: PMC8262276 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.146215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Identifying a quantitative biomarker of neuropsychiatric dysfunction in people with HIV (PWH) remains a significant challenge in the neuroHIV field. The strongest evidence to date implicates the role of monocytes in central nervous system (CNS) dysfunction in HIV, yet no study has examined monocyte subsets in blood as a correlate and/or predictor of neuropsychiatric function in virally suppressed PWH. METHODS In 2 independent cohorts of virologically suppressed women with HIV (vsWWH; n = 25 and n = 18), whole blood samples were obtained either in conjunction with neuropsychiatric assessments (neuropsychological [NP] test battery, self-report depression and stress-related symptom questionnaires) or 1 year prior to assessments. Immune cell subsets were assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS A higher proportion of intermediate monocytes (CD14+CD16+) was associated with lower global NP function when assessing monocytes concurrently and approximately 1 year before (predictive) NP testing. The same pattern was seen for executive function (mental flexibility) and processing speed. Conversely, there were no associations with monocyte subsets and depression or stress-related symptoms. Additionally, we found that a higher proportion of classical monocytes was associated with better cognition. CONCLUSION Although it is widely accepted that lentiviral infection of the CNS targets cells of monocyte-macrophage-microglial lineage and is associated with an increase in intermediate monocytes in the blood and monocyte migration into the brain, the percentage of intermediate monocytes in blood of vsWWH has not been associated with neuropsychiatric outcomes. Our findings provide evidence for a new, easily measured, blood-based cognitive biomarker in vsWWH. FUNDING R01-MH113512, R01-MH113512-S, P30-AI094189, R01-MH112391, R01-AI127142, R00-DA044838, U01-AI35004, and P30-MH075673
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dionna W Williams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology
| | | | | | | | | | - Todd T Brown
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Pauline M Maki
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, and Department of Psychology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kathryn Anastos
- Department of Medicine and Epidemiology & Population Health, and
| | - Joan W Berman
- Department of Pathology and Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology.,Department of Pathology and.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah H Rubin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and.,Department of Epidemiology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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6
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Abstract
The relevance of monocyte and macrophage reservoirs in virally suppressed people with HIV (vsPWH) has previously been debatable. Macrophages were assumed to have a moderate life span and lack self-renewing potential. However, recent studies have challenged this dogma and now suggest an important role of these cell as long-lived HIV reservoirs. Lentiviruses have a long-documented association with macrophages and abundant evidence exists that macrophages are important target cells for HIV in vivo. A critical understanding of HIV infection, replication, and latency in macrophages is needed in order to determine the appropriate method of measuring and eliminating this cellular reservoir. This review provides a brief discussion of the biology and acute and chronic infection of monocytes and macrophages, with a more substantial focus on replication, latency and measurement of the reservoir in cells of myeloid origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Celina M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Erin N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Biology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.
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7
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Abreu CM, Veenhuis RT, Avalos CR, Graham S, Parrilla DR, Ferreira EA, Queen SE, Shirk EN, Bullock BT, Li M, Metcalf Pate KA, Beck SE, Mangus LM, Mankowski JL, Mac Gabhann F, O'Connor SL, Gama L, Clements JE. Myeloid and CD4 T Cells Comprise the Latent Reservoir in Antiretroviral Therapy-Suppressed SIVmac251-Infected Macaques. mBio 2019; 10:e01659-19. [PMID: 31431552 PMCID: PMC6703426 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01659-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) eradication or long-term suppression in the absence of antiretroviral therapy (ART) requires an understanding of all viral reservoirs that could contribute to viral rebound after ART interruption. CD4 T cells (CD4s) are recognized as the predominant reservoir in HIV type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individuals. However, macrophages are also infected by HIV-1 and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) during acute infection and may persist throughout ART, contributing to the size of the latent reservoir. We sought to determine whether tissue macrophages contribute to the SIVmac251 reservoir in suppressed macaques. Using cell-specific quantitative viral outgrowth assays (CD4-QVOA and MΦ-QVOA), we measured functional latent reservoirs in CD4s and macrophages in ART-suppressed SIVmac251-infected macaques. Spleen, lung, and brain in all suppressed animals contained latently infected macrophages, undetectable or low-level SIV RNA, and detectable SIV DNA. Silent viral genomes with potential for reactivation and viral spread were also identified in blood monocytes, although these cells might not be considered reservoirs due to their short life span. Additionally, virus produced in the MΦ-QVOA was capable of infecting healthy activated CD4s. Our results strongly suggest that functional latent reservoirs in CD4s and macrophages can contribute to viral rebound and reestablishment of productive infection after ART interruption. These findings should be considered in the design and implementation of future HIV cure strategies.IMPORTANCE This study provides further evidence that the latent reservoir is comprised of both CD4+ T cells and myeloid cells. The data presented here suggest that CD4+ T cells and macrophages found throughout tissues in the body can contain replication-competent SIV and contribute to rebound of the virus after treatment interruption. Additionally, we have shown that monocytes in blood contain latent virus and, though not considered a reservoir themselves due to their short life span, could contribute to the size of the latent reservoir upon entering the tissue and differentiating into long-lived macrophages. These new insights into the size and location of the SIV reservoir using a model that is heavily studied in the HIV field could have great implications for HIV-infected individuals and should be taken into consideration with the development of future HIV cure strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rebecca T Veenhuis
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Claudia R Avalos
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelby Graham
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daymond R Parrilla
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Edna A Ferreira
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Suzanne E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin N Shirk
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Brandon T Bullock
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ming Li
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sarah E Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Feilim Mac Gabhann
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Institute for Computational Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shelby L O'Connor
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Vaccine Research Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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8
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Teixeira SR, Abreu CM, Parkes L, Davies J, Yao S, Sawhney MA, Margarit L, Gonzalez D, Pinto IM, Francis LW, Conlan RS. Direct monitoring of breast and endometrial cancer cell epigenetic response to DNA methyltransferase and histone deacetylase inhibitors. Biosens Bioelectron 2019; 141:111386. [PMID: 31220725 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2019.111386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation and histone deacetylation are key epigenetic processes involved in normal cellular function and tumorigenesis. Therapeutic strategies based on DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are currently in use and under development for the treatment of cancers. Genome-wide DNA methylation profiling has been proposed for use in disease diagnosis, and histone modification profiling for disease stratification will follow suit. However, whether epigenome sequencing technologies will be feasible for rapid clinic diagnosis and patient treatment monitoring remains to be seen, and alternative detection technologies will almost certainly be needed. Here we used electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) employing a graphene-based screen-printed electrode system to directly measure global DNA methylation and histone H3 acetylation to compare non-cancer and breast cancer cell lines. We demonstrated that whilst global methylation was not useful as a differential marker in the cellular systems tested, histone H3 acetylation was effective at higher chromatin levels. Using breast and endometrial cancer cell models, EIS was then used to monitor cellular responses to the DNMT and HDAC inhibitors 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine and suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid in vitro, and proved very effective at detecting global cellular responses to either treatment, indicating that this approach could be useful in following treatment response to epigenetic drugs. Moreover, this work reports the first combined analysis of two epigenetic markers using a unified graphene-based biosensor platform, demonstrating the potential for multiplex analysis of both methylation and acetylation on the same sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Teixeira
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Bay Campus, Swansea, SA1 8QQ, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - C M Abreu
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal
| | - L Parkes
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - J Davies
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - S Yao
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - M A Sawhney
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - L Margarit
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Abertawe Bro Morganwg University Health Board, Princess of Wales Hospital Bridgend, UK
| | - D Gonzalez
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - I Mendes Pinto
- International Iberian Nanotechnology Laboratory (INL), Portugal
| | - L W Francis
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK
| | - R S Conlan
- Swansea University Medical School, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK; Centre for NanoHealth, Swansea University, Singleton Park, Swansea, SA2 8PP, UK.
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Beck SE, Queen SE, Metcalf Pate KA, Mangus LM, Abreu CM, Gama L, Witwer KW, Adams RJ, Zink MC, Clements JE, Mankowski JL. An SIV/macaque model targeted to study HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders. J Neurovirol 2017; 24:204-212. [PMID: 28975505 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-017-0582-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2017] [Revised: 08/25/2017] [Accepted: 09/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection of pigtailed macaques is a highly representative and well-characterized animal model for HIV neuropathogenesis studies that provides an excellent opportunity to study and develop prognostic markers of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) for HIV-infected individuals. SIV studies can be performed in a controlled setting that enhances reproducibility and offers high-translational value. Similar to observations in HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART), ongoing neurodegeneration and inflammation are present in SIV-infected pigtailed macaques treated with suppressive ART. By developing quantitative viral outgrowth assays that measure both CD4+ T cells and macrophages harboring replication competent SIV as well as a highly sensitive mouse-based viral outgrowth assay, we have positioned the SIV/pigtailed macaque model to advance our understanding of latent cellular reservoirs, including potential CNS reservoirs, to promote HIV cure. In addition to contributing to our understanding of the pathogenesis of HAND, the SIV/pigtailed macaque model also provides an excellent opportunity to test innovative approaches to eliminate the latent HIV reservoir in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Beck
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Suzanne E Queen
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kelly A Metcalf Pate
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lisa M Mangus
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Celina M Abreu
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Lucio Gama
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kenneth W Witwer
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Robert J Adams
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - M Christine Zink
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Janice E Clements
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Joseph L Mankowski
- Department of Molecular and Comparative Pathobiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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Barral MF, Sousa AK, Santos AF, Abreu CM, Tanuri A, Soares MA, for the Brazilian Consortium for th. Identification of Novel Resistance-Related Polymorphisms in HIV-1 Subtype C RT Connection and RNase H Domains from Patients Under Virological Failure in Brazil. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2017; 33:465-471. [PMID: 27875905 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2015.0376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the connection and RNase H C-terminal reverse transcriptase (RT) domains of HIV-1 have been shown to impact drug resistance to RT inhibitors. However, their impact in the context of non-B subtypes has been poorly assessed. This study aimed to characterize resistance-related mutations in the C-terminal portions of RT in treatment-failing patients from southern Brazil, a region with endemic HIV-1 subtype C (HIV-1C). Viral RNA was isolated and reverse transcribed from 280 infected subjects, and genomic regions were analyzed by polymerase chain reaction, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analysis. Two novel mutations, M357R and E529D, were evidenced in Brazilian HIV-1C strains from treatment-failing patients. In global viral isolates of subjects on treatment, M357R was selected in HIV-1C and CRF01_AE and E529D was selected in HIV-1 subtype B (HIV-1B). While most C-terminal RT mutations described for HIV-1B also occur in HIV-1C, this work pinpointed novel mutations that display subtype-specific predominance or occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria F.M. Barral
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, Brazil
| | - Arielly K.P. Sousa
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - André F. Santos
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Marcelo A. Soares
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Programa de Genética, Instituto Nacional de Câncer, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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11
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Cunha RD, Abreu CM, Sousa AK, Mabombo VC, Nijhuis M, de Jong D, Tanuri A. Short Communication: In Vitro Accumulation of Drug Resistance Mutations in Chimeric Infectious Clones Containing Subtype B or C Reverse Transcriptase and Selected with Tenofovir or Didanosine. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2015; 31:851-8. [PMID: 26075306 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2014.0324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) contributed to the improvement in the life expectancy of HIV-infected patients. However, the emergence of drug-resistant mutations (DRM) is a major viral factor impacting therapeutic failure. Differences in DRM can occur among HIV-1 subtypes. We evaluate the kinetics of the selection of resistance mutations in vitro analyzing two chimeric clones that contain the reverse transcriptases of subtypes B or C (RTB' and RTC') in cells treated with increasing concentrations of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) and didanosine (ddI). The mutation K65R is selected more quickly in RTC' than in RTB' viruses with TDF and ddI, and additional mutations (positions 45, 62, and 68) were selected after K65R fixation. Other primary mutations (M184V and Q151M) were selected with ddI treatment in conjunction with K65R only in RTC' viruses. Both patterns, M184V+K65R and Q151M+K65R, have a significant impact on NRTI resistance. Our data suggest that selection of TDF and ddI DRMs can occur earlier in subtype C HIV in patients when compared to subtype B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo D. Cunha
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Arielly K.P. Sousa
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Viviana C.J. Mabombo
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Department of Virology, Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Dorien de Jong
- Department of Virology, Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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12
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Mendonça LM, Poeys SC, Abreu CM, Tanuri A, Costa LJ. HIV-1 Nef inhibits Protease activity and its absence alters protein content of mature viral particles. PLoS One 2014; 9:e95352. [PMID: 24748174 PMCID: PMC3991643 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0095352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2013] [Accepted: 03/25/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Nef is an important player for viral infectivity and AIDS progression, but the mechanisms involved are not completely understood. It was previously demonstrated that Nef interacts with GagPol through p6*-Protease region. Because p6* and Protease are involved in processing, we explored the effect of Nef on viral Protease activity and virion assembly. Using in vitro assays, we observed that Nef is highly capable of inhibiting Protease activity. The IC50 for nef-deficient viruses in drug susceptibility assays were 1.7- to 3.5-fold higher than the wild-type counterpart varying with the type of the Protease inhibitor used. Indicating that, in the absence of Nef, Protease is less sensitive to Protease inhibitors. We compared the protein content between wild-type and nef-deficient mature viral particles by gradient sedimentation and observed up to 2.7-fold reduction in the Integrase levels in nef-deficient mature particles. This difference in levels of Integrase correlated with the difference in infectivity levels of wild type and nef-deficient viral progeny. In addition, an overall decrease in the production of mature particles was detected in nef-deficient viruses. Collectively, our data support the hypothesis that the decreased infectivity typical of nef-deficient viruses is due to an abnormal function of the viral Protease, which is in turn associated with less mature particles being produced and the loss of Integrase content in these particles, and these results may characterize Nef as a regulator of viral Protease activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiza M. Mendonça
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Sandro C. Poeys
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana J. Costa
- Departamento de Virologia, Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Oliveira MF, Ramalho DB, Abreu CM, Vubil A, Mabunda N, Ismael N, Francisco C, Jani IV, Tanuri A. Genetic diversity and naturally polymorphisms in HIV type 1 integrase isolates from Maputo, Mozambique: implications for integrase inhibitors. AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses 2012; 28:1788-92. [PMID: 22497664 DOI: 10.1089/aid.2012.0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
HIV proviral DNA integration into the host chromosome is carried out by integrase becoming an important target antiretroviral therapy. Raltegravir was the first integrase inhibitor approved for use in HIV therapy and elvitegravir is in the late phase of clinical development; both show good results in monotherapy studies and may be used worldwide for rescue therapy. In this work we analyzed 57 integrase sequences obtained from samples from drug-naive and first line regime-failing patients from Maputo, Mozambique, to evaluate the presence of natural polymorphisms and resistance mutations associated with raltegravir and elvitegravir. No major mutations conferring resistance to integrase inhibitors were found and polymorphic accessory mutations were solely observed in low frequency among subtype C sequences-L74M (3.4%), T97A (1.8%), and E157Q (1.8%)-suggesting that this new antiretroviral drug class will be effective in Mozambique providing a good perspective to the introduction of this class of drugs in that country.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dulce B. Ramalho
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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14
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Cunha RD, Abreu CM, Gonzalez LMF, Nijhuis M, de Jong D, Aguiar RS, Afonso AO, Brindeiro RM, Tanuri A. Differential in vitro kinetics of drug resistance mutation acquisition in HIV-1 RT of subtypes B and C. PLoS One 2012; 7:e46622. [PMID: 23056372 PMCID: PMC3463560 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0046622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 09/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background HIV-1 subtype B is the most prevalent in developed countries and, consequently, it has been extensively studied. On the other hand, subtype C is the most prevalent worldwide and therefore is a reasonable target for future studies. Here we evaluate the acquisition of resistance and the viability of HIV-1 subtype B and C RT clones from different isolates that were subjected to in vitro selection pressure with zidovudine (ZDV) and lamivudine (3TC). Methods/Principal Findings MT4 cells were infected with chimeric virus pseudotyped with RT from subtype B and C clones, which were previously subjected to serial passage with increasing concentrations of ZDV and 3TC. The samples collected after each passage were analyzed for the presence of resistance mutations and VL. No differences were found between subtypes B and C in viral load and resistance mutations when these viruses were selected with 3TC. However, the route of mutations and the time to rebound of subtype B and C virus were different when subjected to ZDV treatment. In order to confirm the role of the mutations detected, other clones were generated and subjected to in vitro selection. RT subtype B virus isolates tended to acquire different ZDV resistance mutations (Q151M and D67N or T215Y, D67D/N and F214L) compared to subtype C (D67N, K70R, T215I or T215F). Conclusions/Significance This study suggests that different subtypes have a tendency to react differently to antiretroviral drug selection in vitro. Consequently, the acquisition of resistance in patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy can be dependent on the subtypes composing the viral population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo D. Cunha
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luis M. F. Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Monique Nijhuis
- Department of Virology, Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Dorien de Jong
- Department of Virology, Medical Microbiology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Renato S. Aguiar
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adriana O. Afonso
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo M. Brindeiro
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amilcar Tanuri
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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15
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Vicente ACP, Gudo ES, Iñiguez AM, Otsuki K, Bhatt N, Abreu CM, Vubil A, Bila D, Ferreira OC, Tanuri A, Jani IV. Genetic characterization of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 in Mozambique: transcontinental lineages drive the HTLV-1 endemic. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2011; 5:e1038. [PMID: 21532745 PMCID: PMC3075232 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0001038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2010] [Accepted: 03/15/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 (HTLV-1) is the etiological agent of adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). It has been estimated that 10–20 million people are infected worldwide, but no successful treatment is available. Recently, the epidemiology of this virus was addressed in blood donors from Maputo, showing rates from 0.9 to 1.2%. However, the origin and impact of HTLV endemic in this population is unknown. Objective To assess the HTLV-1 molecular epidemiology in Mozambique and to investigate their relationship with HTLV-1 lineages circulating worldwide. Methods Blood donors and HIV patients were screened for HTLV antibodies by using enzyme immunoassay, followed by Western Blot. PCR and sequencing of HTLV-1 LTR region were applied and genetic HTLV-1 subtypes were assigned by the neighbor-joining method. The mean genetic distance of Mozambican HTLV-1 lineages among the genetic clusters were determined. Human mitochondrial (mt) DNA analysis was performed and individuals classified in mtDNA haplogroups. Results LTR HTLV-1 analysis demonstrated that all isolates belong to the Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype. Mozambican HTLV-1 sequences had a high inter-strain genetic distance, reflecting in three major clusters. One cluster is associated with the South Africa sequences, one is related with Middle East and India strains and the third is a specific Mozambican cluster. Interestingly, 83.3% of HIV/HTLV-1 co-infection was observed in the Mozambican cluster. The human mtDNA haplotypes revealed that all belong to the African macrohaplogroup L with frequencies representatives of the country. Conclusions The Mozambican HTLV-1 genetic diversity detected in this study reveals that although the strains belong to the most prevalent and worldwide distributed Transcontinental subgroup of the Cosmopolitan subtype, there is a high HTLV diversity that could be correlated with at least 3 different HTLV-1 introductions in the country. The significant rate of HTLV-1a/HIV-1C co-infection, particularly in the Mozambican cluster, has important implications for the controls programs of both viruses. Human T-cell lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) is the causative agent of Adult T-Cell Leukemia/Lymphoma (ATL), the Tropical Spastic Paraparesis/HTLV-1-associated Myelopathy (TSP/HAM) and other inflammatory diseases, including dermatitis, uveitis, and myositis. It is estimated that 2–8% of the infected persons will develop a HTLV-1-associated disease during their lifetimes, frequently TSP/HAM. Thus far, there is not a specific treatment to this progressive and chronic disease. HTLV-1 has means of three transmission: (i) from mother to child during prolonged breastfeeding, (ii) between sexual partners and (iii) through blood transfusion. HTLV-1 has been characterized in 7 subtypes and the geographical distribution and the clinical impact of this infection is not well known, mainly in African population. HTLV-1 is endemic in sub-Saharan Africa. Mozambique is a country of southeastern Africa where TSP/HAM cases were reported. Recently, our group estimated the HTLV prevalence among Mozambican blood donors as 0.9%. In this work we performed a genetic analysis of HTLV-1 in blood donors and HIV/HTLV co-infected patients from Maputo, Mozambique. Our results showed the presence of three HTLV-1 clusters within the Cosmopolitan/Transcontinental subtype/subgroup. The differential rates of HIV-1/HTLV-1 co-infection in the three HTLV-1 clusters demonstrated the dynamic of the two viruses and the need for implementation of control measures focusing on both retroviruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eduardo Samo Gudo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alena Mayo Iñiguez
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
- * E-mail:
| | - Koko Otsuki
- Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nilesh Bhatt
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Celina M. Abreu
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Adolfo Vubil
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dulce Bila
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Orlando C. Ferreira
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Amílcar Tanuri
- Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Ilesh V. Jani
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
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Portela MB, Souza IP, Abreu CM, Bertolini M, Holandino C, Alviano CS, Santos AL, Soares RM. Effect of serine-type protease of Candida spp. isolated from linear gingival erythema of HIV-positive children: critical factors in the colonization. J Oral Pathol Med 2010; 39:753-60. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0714.2010.00906.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Gudo ES, Abreu CM, Mussá T, Augusto ADR, Otsuki K, Chambo E, Amade N, Tanuri A, Ferreira OC, Jani IV. Serologic and molecular typing of human T-lymphotropic virus among blood donors in Maputo City, Mozambique. Transfusion 2009; 49:1146-50. [PMID: 19222818 DOI: 10.1111/j.1537-2995.2009.02100.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening for human T-lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) infection is not performed in blood banks in Mozambique. The aim was to determine the prevalence of HTLV-1/2 among blood donors of the Maputo Central Hospital Blood Bank and measure the coinfection rate of HTLV-1/2 with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and syphilis. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS A total of 2019 consecutive blood donors were screened for HTLV-1/2 antibodies, HIV-1/2 antibodies, hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg), and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) for syphilis. Specimens reactive on a first HTLV-1/2 enzyme immunoassay (EIA) were retested using a second EIA. Specimens that were dually reactive on both EIAs were further tested using Western blot (WB) and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). RESULTS All 18 dually reactive specimens (0.89%; 95% confidence interval, 0.48%-1.30%) were positive for the presence of HTLV-1 by WB and real-time PCR. HTLV-2 was not detected. The prevalences of anti-HIV, HBsAg, and reactivity in the RPR test were 5.72, 6.01, and 0.98 percent, respectively. There was no significant association between HTLV-1 infection and demographic variables (age and sex) or serologic markers (HIV, HBsAg, and RPR). For the 17 HTLV-1-positive donors for whom serologic data for HIV, HBsAg, and syphilis RPR were available, 2 showed coinfection with HIV and 1 with HBV. CONCLUSION Compared to other infectious agents, HTLV-1 is present at relatively low levels among blood donors in Mozambique. Cost and logistics will present as major challenges for introducing HTLV-1/2 screening in blood banks. In blood banks in Southern Africa where EIA testing is possible, a sequential algorithm of two EIAs may be a cost-efficient option for HTLV-1/2 screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Samo Gudo
- Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Nacional de Saúde, Maputo, Mozambique
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18
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Souza TML, Cirne-Santos CC, Rodrigues DQ, Abreu CM, Tanuri A, Ferreira VF, Marques IP, de Souza MCBV, Fontes CFL, Frugulhetti ICDPP, Bou-Habib DC. The compound 6-chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) quinoline-3-carboxylic acid inhibits HIV-1 replication by targeting the enzyme reverse transcriptase. Curr HIV Res 2008; 6:209-17. [PMID: 18473784 DOI: 10.2174/157016208784324930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We describe in this paper that the chloroxoquinolinic ribonucleoside 6-chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (compound A) inhibits the HIV-1 replication in human primary cells. We initially observed that compound A inhibited HIV-1 infection in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in a dose-dependent manner, resulting in an EC(50) of 1.5 +/- 0.5 microM and in a selective index of 1134. Likewise, compound A blocked HIV-1(BA-L) replication in macrophages in a dose-dependent manner, with an EC(50) equal to 4.98 +/- 0.9 microM. The replication of HIV-1 isolates from subtypes C and F was also inhibited by compound A with the same efficiency. Compound A inhibited an early event of the HIV-1 replicative cycle, since it prevented viral DNA synthesis in PBMCs exposed to HIV-1. Kinetic assays demonstrated that compound A inhibits the HIV-1 enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT) in dose-dependent manner, with a K(I) equal to 0.5 +/- 0.04 microM. Using a panel of HIV-1 isolates harboring NNRTI resistance mutations, we found a low degree of cross-resistance between compound A and clinical available NNRTIs. In addition, compound A exhibited additive effects with the RT inhibitors AZT and nevirapine, and synergized with the protease inhibitor atazanavir. Our results encourage continuous studies about the kinetic impact of compound A towards different catalytic forms of RT enzyme, and suggest that our nucleoside represents a promising molecule for future antiretroviral drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thiago Moreno L Souza
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Biologia Celular e Molecular, Instituto de Biologia,Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, Brazil
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Cirne-Santos CC, Souza TML, Teixeira VL, Fontes CFL, Rebello MA, Castello-Branco LRR, Abreu CM, Tanuri A, Frugulhetti ICPP, Bou-Habib DC. The dolabellane diterpene Dolabelladienetriol is a typical noncompetitive inhibitor of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase enzyme. Antiviral Res 2008; 77:64-71. [PMID: 17888523 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2007.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2006] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 08/07/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
We recently described that a dollabelane diterpene isolated from the marine algae Dictyota pfaffii (Dolabelladienetriol) inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT), and HIV-1 replication in primary cells. Based on these findings, we investigated additional antiretroviral properties of Dolabelladienetriol. Here, we describe that Dolabelladienetriol blocked the synthesis and integration of HIV-1 provirus and completely abrogated viral replication in primary cells. Also, studies of kinetic mode of action revealed that the Dolabelladienetriol is a nonnucleoside RT inhibitor (NNRTI), acting as a noncompetitive inhibitor, with a K(i) value equal to 7.2 microM. To assess whether Dolabelladienetriol could potentiate the anti-HIV-1 effects of other HIV-1 inhibitors, HIV-1-infected cells were treated with Dolabelladienetriol at its EC(50) dose plus sub-optimal concentrations of classical antiretrovirals. Dolabelladienetriol provided an additive effect with the nucleoside RT inhibitor AZT, and a synergistic effect with the protease inhibitor atazanavir sulphate. There was no increment of the anti-HIV-1 effect resulting from the combination between Dolabelladienetriol and the NNRTI nevirapine. Using a large panel of HIV-1 isolates harboring NNRTI resistance mutations, we found no cross-resistance between Dolabelladienetriol and clinical available NNRTIs. Thus, Dolabelladienetriol is an NNRTI, with potent activity against HIV-1 isolates carrying common NNRTI-associated resistance mutations. Dolabelladienetriol may be considered as a potential new agent for anti-HIV-1 therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Cesar Cirne-Santos
- Laboratório de Imunologia Clínica, Departamento de Imunologia, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz/FIOCRUZ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21045-900, Brazil
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Chatkin JM, Abreu CM, Blanco DC, Tonietto R, Scaglia N, Wagner MB, Fritscher CC. No gender difference in effectiveness of smoking cessation treatment in a Brazilian real-life setting. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2006; 10:499-503. [PMID: 16704030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The clinical effectiveness of pharmacotherapy for smoking cessation in real-life settings has yet to be evaluated. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness of bupropion in general clinical practice for smoking cessation and to identify predictors of failure. METHODS In an open, non-randomised study, smokers were recruited at the Smoking Cessation Clinics, Hospital Sao Lucas, Porto Alegre, Brazil. Subjects participated in a motivational group meeting, completed a standardised questionnaire and Fagerstrom test, and had their vital signs and exhaled CO registered. All participants received a prescription of bupropion and the same cognitive behaviour therapy. They attended eight weekly individual sessions, then monthly until the sixth month and a final session at month 12. The primary outcome measure was the rate of abstinence at 12 months. The predictor factors studied were sex, age, educational level, nicotine dependence, previous attempts and comorbidities. RESULTS Among 253 smokers (62.5% females), abstinence rates at 6 months were 20.8% for males and 22.7% for females. The success rates dropped to 13.9% and 14.3% for males and females, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive therapy plus bupropion for smoking cessation in real-life clinics in Brazil were similar to the efficacy found in clinical trials. No significant gender differences in success rates were found.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M Chatkin
- Department of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Abstract
The expression of proteolytic activities in the Trypanosomatidae family was explored as a potential marker to discriminate between the morphologically indistinguishable flagellates isolated from insects and plants. We have comparatively analysed the proteolytic profiles of 19 monoxenous trypanosomatids (Herpetomonas anglusteri, H. samuelpessoai, H. mariadeanei, H. roitmani, H. muscarum ingenoplastis, H. muscarum muscarum, H. megaseliae, H. dendoderi, Herpetomoas sp., Crithidia oncopelti, C. deanei, C. acanthocephali, C. harmosa, C. fasciculata, C. guilhermei, C. luciliae, Blastocrithidia culicis, Leptomonas samueli and Lept. seymouri) and 4 heteroxenous flagellates (Phytomonas serpens, P. mcgheei, Trypanosoma cruzi and Leishmania amazonensis) by in situ detection of enzyme activities on sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE ) containing co-polymerized gelatine as substrate, in association with specific proteinase inhibitors. All 23 trypanosomatids expressed at least 1 acidic proteolytic enzyme. In addition, a characteristic and specific pattern of cell-associated metallo and/or cysteine proteinases was observed, except for the similar profiles detected in 2 Herpetomonas (H. anglusteri and H. samuelpessoai) and 3 Crithidia (C. fasciculata, C. guilhermei and C. luciliae) species. However, these flagellates released distinct secretory proteinase profiles into the extracellular medium. These findings strongly suggest that the association of cellular and secretory proteinase pattern could represent a useful marker to help trypanosomatid identification.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L S Santos
- Laboratório de Biologia de Protistas, Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Prof Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 21941-590, Brazil.
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Gonzalez LMF, Brindeiro RM, Aguiar RS, Pereira HS, Abreu CM, Soares MA, Tanuri A. Impact of nelfinavir resistance mutations on in vitro phenotype, fitness, and replication capacity of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 with subtype B and C proteases. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2004; 48:3552-5. [PMID: 15328124 PMCID: PMC514783 DOI: 10.1128/aac.48.9.3552-3555.2004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 subtype B and C proteases were manipulated to contain 90M, 88D, or 89L, and their in vitro biological properties were studied. We showed that D30N has significantly more impact in subtype C than in subtype B counterparts, accounting for the reported low prevalence of this mutation in patients failing nelfinavir-based regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis M F Gonzalez
- Laboratório de Virologia Molecular, Departamento de Genética, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, CCS, Bloco A, Cidade Universitária, Ilha do Fundão, 21944-970 Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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dos Santos AL, Abreu CM, Batista LM, Alviano CS, de Araújo Soares RM. Cell-associated and extracellular proteinases in Blastocrithidia culicis: influence of growth conditions. Curr Microbiol 2001; 43:100-6. [PMID: 11391472 DOI: 10.1007/s002840010269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2000] [Accepted: 01/10/2001] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The proteinase profile of Blastocrithidia culicis was analyzed, as well as how different growth conditions influenced its expression by gelatin-SDS-PAGE and the use of specific proteinase inhibitors. Multiple cell-associated proteinases with molecular masses corresponding to 33, 55, 60 kDa (cysteine proteinases) and 77, 80, 90, and 108 kDa (metalloproteinases) were detected using these methods. All the metalloproteinases identified were partitioned into the detergent phase after Triton X-114 extract, suggesting that they are membrane-bound, while all cysteine proteinases were partitioned into the aqueous phase. The proteolytic zymograms were similar when three different media were used for variable times of incubation. However, few quantitative and qualitative changes were observed. The secreted proteinase profile showed an heterogeneous pattern of enzymatic activities whose expression was dependent on time of growth and medium composition. However, the extracellular proteinase activities were abolished by 1,10-phenanthroline, suggesting that all of them are zinc-metalloproteinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Bloco I, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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dos Santos AL, Batista LM, Abreu CM, Alviano CS, Angluster J, de Araújo Soares RM. Developmentally regulated protein expression mediated by dimethylsulfoxide in Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. Curr Microbiol 2001; 42:111-6. [PMID: 11136132 DOI: 10.1007/s002840010188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
We have analyzed the total cell extract, cell surface, and secretory protein profiles related to cellular differentiation triggered by dimethylsulfoxide in the insect trypanosomatid Herpetomonas samuelpessoai. The flagellates were cultivated in chemically defined conditions in the absence or in the presence of 4% DMSO, and the resolved protein bands were detected by SDS-PAGE gels and avidin-Western blotting. The cell-associated proteins showed a complex pattern of around 40 silver-staining bands ranging from 15 to 150 kDa. There were generally minor quantitative differences in the protein profile between the non-treated and the DMSO-treated cells. The cell-surface protein profile revealed by the incubation of live parasites with biotin showed a decrease in the expression of the 120 kDa biotinylated polypeptide observed in the DMSO-treated cells when compared with untreated ones. However, control samples of both systems showed an endogenous biotinylated polypeptide of 63 kDa which also presented gelatinolytic activity. The trypanosomatids released at least 10 polypeptides to the culture medium. A low molecular mass exopolypeptide (35 kDa) was found exclusively in untreated cells, whereas a high-molecular-mass exopolypetide (250 kDa) was preferentially found in DMSO-treated cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- A L dos Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia Geral, Instituto de Microbiologia Professor Paulo de Góes (IMPPG), CCS, Bloco I, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Ilha do Fundão, 21941-590, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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