1
|
Sung C, Han S, Yoon S, Han SA, Kang DY, Kim DH, Park DW, Song JM, Lee JS, Ryu JS, Moon DH. Diagnostic Performance of Perfusion-Only SPECT/CT for Chronic Thromboembolic Pulmonary Hypertension in Comparison With Ventilation-Perfusion Planar, SPECT, and SPECT/CT Imaging. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:427-433. [PMID: 38467577 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000005142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic performance of perfusion-only SPECT/CT (Q SPECT/CT) in comparison with that of ventilation/perfusion planar scintigraphy (V/Q planar), perfusion SPECT with ventilation scan (V/Q SPECT), and perfusion SPECT/CT with ventilation scan (V/Q SPECT/CT) in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with pulmonary hypertension who underwent ventilation-perfusion planar and SPECT/CT were retrospectively recruited. Two nuclear medicine physicians interpreted V/Q planar, V/Q SPECT, V/Q SPECT/CT, and Q SPECT/CT according to the European Association of Nuclear Medicine criteria. The diagnostic accuracy of these modalities for CTEPH was compared using a composite reference standard of pulmonary angiography, imaging test, cardiorespiratory assessment, and follow-up. RESULTS A total of 192 patients were enrolled, including 85 with CTEPH. The sensitivity of Q SPECT/CT was 98.8%, which similar to that of V/Q planar (97.6%), V/Q SPECT (96.5%), or V/Q SPECT/CT (100.0%). In contrast, Q SPECT/CT exhibited significantly lower specificity (73.8%) compared with V/Q planar (86.9%, P = 0.001), V/Q SPECT (87.9%, P < 0.001), and V/Q SPECT/CT (88.8%, P < 0.001). The significantly lower specificity of Q SPECT/CT, compared with the 3 others, was observed in the subgroup aged ≥50 years ( P < 0.001 for all), but not in those <50 years. CONCLUSIONS Q SPECT/CT exhibited lower specificity compared with V/Q planar, V/Q SPECT, and V/Q SPECT/CT in diagnosing CTEPH. It might underscore the essential role of a ventilation scan in patients with PH, even with the introduction of SPECT/CT.
Collapse
|
2
|
Sung C, Oh JS, Park BS, Kim SS, Song SY, Lee JJ. Diagnostic performance of a deep-learning model using 18F-FDG PET/CT for evaluating recurrence after radiation therapy in patients with lung cancer. Ann Nucl Med 2024:10.1007/s12149-024-01925-5. [PMID: 38589677 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-024-01925-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We developed a deep learning model for distinguishing radiation therapy (RT)-related changes and tumour recurrence in patients with lung cancer who underwent RT, and evaluated its performance. METHODS We retrospectively recruited 308 patients with lung cancer with RT-related changes observed on 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography-computed tomography (18F-FDG PET/CT) performed after RT. Patients were labelled as positive or negative for tumour recurrence through histologic diagnosis or clinical follow-up after 18F-FDG PET/CT. A two-dimensional (2D) slice-based convolutional neural network (CNN) model was created with a total of 3329 slices as input, and performance was evaluated with five independent test sets. RESULTS For the five independent test sets, the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve, sensitivity, and specificity were in the range of 0.98-0.99, 95-98%, and 87-95%, respectively. The region determined by the model was confirmed as an actual recurred tumour through the explainable artificial intelligence (AI) using gradient-weighted class activation mapping (Grad-CAM). CONCLUSION The 2D slice-based CNN model using 18F-FDG PET imaging was able to distinguish well between RT-related changes and tumour recurrence in patients with lung cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Byung Soo Park
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Su Ssan Kim
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Si Yeol Song
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Jin Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-Ro 43-Gil, Songpa-Gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sung C, Lee HS, Lee DY, Kim YI, Kim JE, Lee SJ, Oh SJ, Sung TY, Lee YM, Kim YH, Kim BJ, Koh JM, Lee SH, Ryu JS. A Prospective Comparative Study of 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT Versus 123 I-MIBG Scintigraphy With SPECT/CT for the Diagnosis of Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma. Clin Nucl Med 2024; 49:27-36. [PMID: 38054497 DOI: 10.1097/rlu.0000000000004963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to compare the diagnostic performances of 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT and 123 I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT for detection of pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma (PPGL). PATIENTS AND METHODS We conducted a prospective, single-institution comparative study. Patients suspected of having PPGL or those showing recurrence and/or distant metastasis of PPGL were enrolled. The primary objective was to affirm the noninferiority of 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT for diagnostic sensitivity. Both 123 I-MIBG scintigraphy with SPECT/CT (at 4 and 24 hours) and 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT (at 5 and 60 minutes after radiotracer administration) were performed. The final diagnosis was established either pathologically or via clinical follow-up. Nuclear physicians, unaware of the clinical data, undertook image analysis. RESULTS Thirty-two patients were evaluated: 14 of 21 with an initial diagnosis and 9 of 11 with recurrence/metastasis had PPGLs in their final diagnoses. In patient-based analyses, 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT (95.7%) exhibited noninferior sensitivity compared with 123 I-MIBG SPECT/CT (91.3%), within the predetermined noninferiority margin of -12% by a 95% confidence interval lower limit of -10%. Both modalities showed no significant difference in specificity (88.9% vs 88.9%). In the region-based analysis for the recurrence/metastasis group, 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT demonstrated significantly higher sensitivity compared with 123 I-MIBG SPECT/CT (86.2% vs 65.5%, P = 0.031) and superior interobserver agreement (κ = 0.94 vs 0.85). The inclusion of an early phase in dual-phase 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT slightly improved diagnostic performance, albeit not to a statistically significant degree. CONCLUSIONS 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT demonstrated noninferior sensitivity and comparable specificity to 123 I-MIBG SPECT/CT in the diagnosing PPGL. Notably, in the assessment of PPGL recurrence and metastasis, 18 F-FDOPA PET/CT outperformed 123 I-MIBG SPECT/CT in terms of both sensitivity and interobserver agreement.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Sung
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Hyo Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, GangNeung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung
| | - Dong Yun Lee
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Yong-Il Kim
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Jae Eun Kim
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| | | | | | - Young Hoon Kim
- Kidney and Pancreas Transplantation, Department of Surgery
| | - Beom-Jun Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jung-Min Koh
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung Hun Lee
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Ryu
- From the Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Lee MW, Lim S, Jeong W, Kim S, Kim JH, Hwang YS, Sung C. Electron Temperature Measurements Using a Two-Filter Soft X-ray Array in VEST. Sensors (Basel) 2023; 23:8357. [PMID: 37896452 PMCID: PMC10610578 DOI: 10.3390/s23208357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
A multichannel soft X-ray (SXR) array has been developed to measure the electron temperature in the Versatile Experiment Spherical Torus (VEST). To estimate electron temperature using the two-filter method applied to SXR intensity, we designed a pinhole camera that has two photodiode arrays with different metallic filters. We also adopted a filter wheel and tested various filter parameters to find the optimal filter set. Through tests, the combination of aluminum and beryllium was found to be the most suitable for the current experimental conditions in VEST. The filtered SXR signals were acquired with a low-noise preamplifier, exhibiting sufficient signal-to-noise ratios for electron temperature estimation based on the intensity ratio of two signals obtained with different filters. The estimated electron temperature from the developed two-filter SXR array showed reasonably matched levels and consistent trends with Thomson scattering measurements. Error contribution from impurity line emission is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| | - S. Lim
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (W.J.); (S.K.); (J.H.K.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - W. Jeong
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (W.J.); (S.K.); (J.H.K.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - S. Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (W.J.); (S.K.); (J.H.K.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - J. H. Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (W.J.); (S.K.); (J.H.K.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - Y. S. Hwang
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea; (S.L.); (W.J.); (S.K.); (J.H.K.); (Y.S.H.)
| | - C. Sung
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea;
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Joung S, Ghim YC, Kim J, Kwak S, Kwon D, Sung C, Kim D, Kim HS, Bak JG, Yoon SW. GS-DeepNet: mastering tokamak plasma equilibria with deep neural networks and the Grad-Shafranov equation. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15799. [PMID: 37737481 PMCID: PMC10516960 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42991-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The force-balanced state of magnetically confined plasmas heated up to 100 million degrees Celsius must be sustained long enough to achieve a burning-plasma state, such as in the case of ITER, a fusion reactor that promises a net energy gain. This force balance between the Lorentz force and the pressure gradient force, known as a plasma equilibrium, can be theoretically portrayed together with Maxwell's equations as plasmas are collections of charged particles. Nevertheless, identifying the plasma equilibrium in real time is challenging owing to its free-boundary and ill-posed conditions, which conventionally involves iterative numerical approach with a certain degree of subjective human decisions such as including or excluding certain magnetic measurements to achieve numerical convergence on the solution as well as to avoid unphysical solutions. Here, we introduce GS-DeepNet, which learns plasma equilibria through solely unsupervised learning, without using traditional numerical algorithms. GS-DeepNet includes two neural networks and teaches itself. One neural network generates a possible candidate of an equilibrium following Maxwell's equations and is taught by the other network satisfying the force balance under the equilibrium. Measurements constrain both networks. Our GS-DeepNet achieves reliable equilibria with uncertainties in contrast with existing methods, leading to possible better control of fusion-grade plasmas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Semin Joung
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA.
| | - Y-C Ghim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea.
| | - Jaewook Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - Sehyun Kwak
- Max-Planck-Institute Fur Plasmaphysik, 17491, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Daeho Kwon
- Mobiis Co., Ltd., Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do, 13486, South Korea
| | - C Sung
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, 34141, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Seok Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - J G Bak
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| | - S W Yoon
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sung C, An J, Lee S, Park J, Lee KS, Kim IH, Han JY, Park YH, Kim JH, Kang EJ, Hong MH, Kim TY, Lee JC, Lee JL, Yoon S, Choi CM, Lee DH, Yoo C, Kim SW, Jeong JH, Seo S, Kim SY, Kong SY, Choi JK, Park SR. Integrative analysis of risk factors for immune-related adverse events of checkpoint blockade therapy in cancer. Nat Cancer 2023; 4:844-859. [PMID: 37308678 DOI: 10.1038/s43018-023-00572-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Immune-related adverse events (irAEs) induced by checkpoint inhibitors involve a multitude of different risk factors. Here, to interrogate the multifaceted underlying mechanisms, we compiled germline exomes and blood transcriptomes with clinical data, before and after checkpoint inhibitor treatment, from 672 patients with cancer. Overall, irAE samples showed a substantially lower contribution of neutrophils in terms of baseline and on-therapy cell counts and gene expression markers related to neutrophil function. Allelic variation of HLA-B correlated with overall irAE risk. Analysis of germline coding variants identified a nonsense mutation in an immunoglobulin superfamily protein, TMEM162. In our cohort and the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data, TMEM162 alteration was associated with higher peripheral and tumor-infiltrating B cell counts and suppression of regulatory T cells in response to therapy. We developed machine learning models for irAE prediction, validated using additional data from 169 patients. Our results provide valuable insights into risk factors of irAE and their clinical utility.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Sung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soohyeon Lee
- Division of Oncology-Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaesoon Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Kang Seon Lee
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Il-Hwan Kim
- Department of Oncology, Haeundae Paik Hospital, Cancer Center, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji-Youn Han
- Center for Lung Cancer, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Hee Park
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jee Hyun Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Joo Kang
- Division of Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Hee Hong
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yonsei Cancer Center, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Yong Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Cheol Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Lyun Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Shinkyo Yoon
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chang-Min Choi
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Ho Lee
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhoon Yoo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-We Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Ho Jeong
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seyoung Seo
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Kim
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-Young Kong
- Targeted Therapy Branch, Research Institute, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Cancer Biomedical Science, National Cancer Center Graduate School of Cancer Science and Policy, Goyang, Republic of Korea
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Hospital, National Cancer Center, Goyang, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sook Ryun Park
- Department of Oncology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lee MW, Kim J, Kim MH, Lim S, Kim J, Sung C. Development of a scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2023; 94:2891473. [PMID: 37204283 DOI: 10.1063/5.0146169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We have developed a new scintillator-based optical soft x-ray (OSXR) diagnostic system for KSTAR. By utilizing fiber optic faceplates, mm-size lens arrays, and fiber bundles, we have successfully constructed a novel optical system for scintillator-based soft x-ray detection to overcome the limited vacuum-port conditions in KSTAR. P47 (Y2SiO5), which has a fast rise (∼7 ns) and decay (∼100 ns) time sufficient for detecting plasma instabilities observed in the kHz-MHz spectral range, was selected as the scintillator material for the KSTAR OSXR system. Scintillation toward each detection channel is collected by the lens arrays coupled to optical fiber cores, which are connected to the photodetector system. Initial results obtained during the 2022 KSTAR experimental campaign support the validity of the OSXR data through the consistency of OSXR measurement results with other diagnostics. We also observe that the OSXR system can capture magnetohydrodynamic activities, such as sawtooth oscillations, and provide valuable information for disruption mitigation studies using shattered pellet injection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M W Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Junghee Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - M H Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Lim
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jayhyun Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, Daejeon 34133, Republic of Korea
| | - C Sung
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Kim JY, Cha H, Kim K, Sung C, An J, Bang H, Kim H, Yang JO, Chang S, Shin I, Noh SJ, Shin I, Cho DY, Lee SH, Choi JK. MHC II immunogenicity shapes the neoepitope landscape in human tumors. Nat Genet 2023; 55:221-231. [PMID: 36624345 DOI: 10.1038/s41588-022-01273-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Despite advances in predicting physical peptide-major histocompatibility complex I (pMHC I) binding, it remains challenging to identify functionally immunogenic neoepitopes, especially for MHC II. By using the results of >36,000 immunogenicity assay, we developed a method to identify pMHC whose structural alignment facilitates T cell reaction. Our method predicted neoepitopes for MHC II and MHC I that were responsive to checkpoint blockade when applied to >1,200 samples of various tumor types. To investigate selection by spontaneous immunity at the single epitope level, we analyzed the frequency spectrum of >25 million mutations in >9,000 treatment-naive tumors with >100 immune phenotypes. MHC II immunogenicity specifically lowered variant frequencies in tumors under high immune pressure, particularly with high TCR clonality and MHC II expression. A similar trend was shown for MHC I neoepitopes, but only in particular tissue types. In summary, we report immune selection imposed by MHC II-restricted natural or therapeutic T cell reactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hongui Cha
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeonghui Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyoeun Bang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungjoo Kim
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.,Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ok Yang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Korea Bioinformation Center, KRIBB, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Suhwan Chang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Incheol Shin
- Department of Life Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.,Natural Science Institute, Hanyang University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Noh
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Inkyung Shin
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Yeon Cho
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| | - Se-Hoon Lee
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea. .,Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon, Republic of Korea. .,Penta Medix Co., Ltd., Seongnam-si, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee MW, Kang J, Logan NC, Choi MJ, Jung L, Kim J, Choi MG, Kim MH, Grierson BA, Smith SP, Meneghini O, Romanelli M, Sung C. A New Integrated Analysis Suite for Fast-Ion Study in KSTAR. Fusion Science and Technology 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2022.2126292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. W. Lee
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - J. Kang
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - N. C. Logan
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94551
| | - M. J. Choi
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - L. Jung
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - J. Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | - M. G. Choi
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| | - M. H. Kim
- Korea Institute of Fusion Energy, 169-148 Gwahangno, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113 Korea
| | | | - S. P. Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92121
| | | | - M. Romanelli
- UKAEA, Culham Science Centre, Abingdon OX143DB, United Kingdom
| | - C. Sung
- Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, 291 Daehak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Na B, Kang J, Lee M, Jung L, Hahn S, Yoo J, Jeong J, Ko J, Sung C. Experimental and numerical evaluation of the neutral beam deposition profile in KSTAR. Fusion Engineering and Design 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2022.113320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
11
|
Huber M, Pasquinelli M, Gastala N, Fleurimont J, Jarrett J, Hamlish T, Sung C, Guzman A, Maes P, Andersen K, Manst D, Feldman L. EP10.01-014 A Multidisciplinary Team to Manage Patients with Lung Cancer and Opioid Use Disorder. J Thorac Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtho.2022.07.891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
12
|
Jang JY, Lim S, Kim S, Lee MW, Kim YG, Sung C, Hwang YS. Development of a soft x-ray (SXR) array diagnostic system on versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST). Rev Sci Instrum 2022; 93:093506. [PMID: 36182494 DOI: 10.1063/5.0101883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A new soft x-ray (SXR) array diagnostic system has been developed on versatile experiment spherical torus (VEST) for measurements of 2D SXR emissivity profile and identification of poloidal mode structure. Through tomographic inversion techniques, 2D SXR emissivity profile can be acquired from the line-integrated SXR data, which enables the visualization of mode structure of plasma instability, such as the magnetohydrodynamics mode. The SXR array diagnostic system consists of two 20-channel arrays positioned at the middle and the top on the same poloidal plane for horizontal and vertical lines of sight, respectively. Each array of the diagnostic system uses absolute extreme ultraviolet photodiode array as the detector. To apply appropriate filters (up to four) for different energy regimes without breaking the vacuum, a filter wheel and its rotatable vacuum feed-through are installed behind the pinhole. SXR data are acquired with a digitizer at the sampling rate of up to 125 MHz. Finally, we discuss initial measurement data obtained from Ohmic plasma in VEST.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jae Young Jang
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Soobin Lim
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongcheol Kim
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - M W Lee
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Young-Gi Kim
- Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - C Sung
- Department of Nuclear and Quantum Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Hwang
- Department of Energy Systems Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Leung T, Xie P, Kocur O, Sung C, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. P-117 A novel method to select spermatozoa with the best morphokinetic characteristics and superior genomic integrity. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can an automated device based on membrane electrophoresis be used to select spermatozoa with superior morphokinetic characteristics and lower sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF)?
Summary answer
Albeit at an expense of concentration, a membrane-electrophoretic device was able to isolate a proportion of spermatozoa with the highest motility, morphology, and genomic integrity.
What is known already
Conventional sperm selection based on density gradient centrifugation (DGC) can enhance the proportion of progressively motile spermatozoa; however, DGC methods are limited in their ability to select spermatozoa with higher genomic integrity. Membrane-based microfluidic technologies (MFSS) have already been used clinically to select for spermatozoa with a superior chromatin status; however, these methods are based on the intrinsic characteristics of motile spermatozoa capable of selecting themselves. By incorporating an extrinsic electrophoretic drive, membrane electrophoresis would overcome a limitation of progressive motility in the semen sample and be able to isolate viable gametes with better morphology and reduced SCF.
Study design, size, duration
From August 2020 to December 2021, semen samples from 68 men were evaluated by standard semen analysis and simultaneously processed by DGC or a novel membrane-electrophoretic sperm sorter (EPSS) to select for progressively motile spermatozoa. Concentration, motility, progressive motility, morphology, and SCF were measured and compared between raw, DGC-, and EPSS-processed specimens.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Fresh ejaculates were evaluated by standard semen analysis according to WHO 2021 criteria. Following complete liquefaction, specimens were divided into two equal aliquots for DGC and EPSS sorting. SCF was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay under fluorescent microscopy; at least 500 spermatozoa were evaluated for each specimen with a normal threshold of ≤ 15%.
Main results and the role of chance
A total of 68 men with an average age of 38.1±6 years had the following average semen parameters: volume of 3.1±1 mL, concentration of 58.2±33 x106/mL, 43.3±9% motility, 40.5±9% forward progression motility, and a normal morphology of 2.9±0.8%. When comparing the final parameters between the EPSS and DGC methods, despite a reduced sperm concentration (7.3±9 x106/mL vs 45.0±36 x106/mL, P<0.0001, respectively), EPSS was highly selective for motile spermatozoa, yielding significantly higher motility (93.1±16% vs. 86.8±15% P<0.0001) and forward progressive motility (92.3±17% vs 85.2±15%, P<0.0001). Despite an overall lower sperm recovery rate (21.4±25% vs 75.4±17%, P<0.0001), normal morphology improved to 3.4±0.8% (P<0.0001) after EPSS but remained unchanged in the DGC-processed sample. Although both EPSS and DGC improved SCF from 12.2±9% in the raw specimen to 4.8±6% and 6.6±7% (P < 0.0001), respectively, EPSS outperformed DGC (P < 0.05). Moreover, the DGC method took up to 60 min to process, whereas the EPSS technique took a total of 6 min.
Limitations, reasons for caution
The selection of spermatozoa by EPSS is a promising technique to isolate progressively motile spermatozoa with enhanced morphology and superior chromatin integrity, albeit at a lower concentration. This is a preliminary study; the benefit and safety of this method must be further demonstrated by insemination or IVF treatment.
Wider implications of the findings
A membrane electrophoresis device may be a viable alternative method to MFSS to identify spermatozoa with superior morphokinetic characteristics and intact chromatin. Moreover, incorporating an automated device can reduce gamete processing time while minimizing labor costs and inter-operator errors.
Trial registration number
N/A
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Leung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - P Xie
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - O Kocur
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - C Sung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - G Palermo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Souness S, Kocur O, Sung C, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. P-111 Spermiogenic maturation in relation to sperm genomic integrity throughout the epididymis. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Which portion of the epididymis yields spermatozoa with the highest chromatin integrity and embryo developmental competence?
Summary answer
Spermatozoa retrieved from the distal portion of the epididymis retains the highest chromatin integrity, characterized by higher fertilization, implantation, and clinical pregnancy rates.
What is known already
Surgical sperm retrieval from the proximal male reproductive tract has proven to be an effective treatment for couples with recurrent pregnancy loss due to high DNA fragmentation in the ejaculate. Although spermatozoa retrieved directly from the germinal epithelium displays the highest genomic integrity, epididymal spermatozoa maintain a similar DNA integrity profile but yield higher fertilization and pregnancy rates. Although the caput is the preferred site for sperm aspiration procedures in the epididymis, it is unclear which epididymal region yields the best-quality gametes.
Study design, size, duration
Over a 10-year period, we identified 51 obstructive azoospermic (OA) men who underwent surgical sperm retrieval. These men were grouped according to the different epididymal regions from which their spermatozoa were obtained. Sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF) was assessed and compared among these groups. The epididymal spermatozoa were then used for ICSI cycles. Fertilization and clinical outcomes were compared among the epididymal regions. All female partners (≤37 years old) had negative infertility workups.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Epididymal spermatozoa were retrieved from the caput (n = 39), corpus (n = 8), and cauda (n = 4) regions. SCF was assessed by terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) assay, with a normal threshold of ≤ 15%. Unpaired t and Fisher’s exact tests were used to compare the SCF as well as ICSI and pregnancy outcomes according to the epididymal sperm source. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Main results and the role of chance
A total of 51 men were categorized based on the site of spermatozoa retrieval: caput, corpus, and cauda. Maternal age was comparable among all three groups (37.9±5, 37.3±4, and 38±3, respectively). Sperm concentration was 23.9±30x106/ml (caput), 24.3±30x106/ml (corpus), and 29.3±36x106/ml (cauda), with 10.8±15% (caput), 14.3±20%(corpus), and 15.2±13% motility (cauda). Average oocytes injected per group was 13.3, 12.3, and 13.2, respectively. Average SCF scores were 19.8%, 9.2% (P < 0.05), and 8.4% (P < 0.05), respectively. The fertilization rates rose from 69.0% in the caput to 78.6% in the corpus and 86.2% (P < 0.05) in the cauda. Implantation rates followed a similar trend: 35.3% in the caput and 44.4% and 50.1% in the corpus and cauda, respectively. In cycles using caput epididymal spermatozoa, there was a 52.9% delivery rate with a 5.5% pregnancy loss rate. Cycles using corpus epididymal sperm showed a 75.0% delivery rate with no pregnancy loss. Finally, cycles using spermatozoa from the cauda resulted in a 100% delivery rate.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Although spermatozoa retrieved from the cauda epididymis has superior genomic integrity and yielded satisfactory clinical outcomes, this approach may be restricted to patients with obstructive azoospermia. While we attempted to control for an eventual confounding female factor, it cannot be entirely ruled out.
Wider implications of the findings
The epididymis plays an important role in sperm maturation; epididymal spermatozoa retain adequate chromatin integrity as demonstrated by the fertilization and pregnancy rates achieved with sperm retrieved from the cauda region. Confirmation of these findings in larger studies may help determine the most favorable site for epididymal sperm retrieval.
Trial registration number
Not applicable
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Souness
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - O Kocur
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - C Sung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - G.D Palermo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ng L, Kocur O, Xie P, Sung C, Souness S, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. O-251 Defining the exclusive role of male genome integrity on conceptus development. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
To determine the effect of sperm DNA fragmentation on embryo development by ruling out a female factor component.
Summary answer
By utilizing healthy donor oocytes, it is possible to quantify the sole deleterious effect of sperm DNA fragmentation and explore the ooplasmic repair mechanism.
What is known already
In approximately 50% of couples with unexplained ART failure, a subtle male factor is present that is missed in a conventional semen analysis assessing concentration, motility, and morphology. Additional information on male gamete competence can be acquired by assessing Sperm Chromatin Fragmentation (SCF). Indeed, a fragmented male genome can give rise to poorly developing embryos, leading to impaired implantation, lower pregnancy, and higher miscarriage rates. It has been previously seen that an oocyte, according to its age, can repair the damaged DNA contributed by the male gamete.
Study design, size, duration
In last decade, 316 couples, who have an elevated SCF, underwent ICSI cycles and resulted in disappointing clinical outcomes. To exclude an eventual confounding female factor, couples who utilized donor oocytes were identified and clinical outcome was compared to a control. To measure the role of an impaired sperm genome and a concurrent oocyte repair mechanism, we compared clinical outcomes between cycles in the same couples who used their own and subsequently donor oocytes.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
We included 381 couples screened for SCF; 65 underwent ICSI cycles with donor oocytes; of these, 46 underwent a previous ICSI cycle with their own oocytes. Fertilization, implantation, clinical pregnancy, and delivery rates were compared between above-mentioned groups. A TUNEL assay was used to measure SCF (≥500 spermatozoa were assessed/sample at a 15% threshold). Paired t and Chi-square tests were used to compare ages and clinical outcomes, respectively.
Main results and the role of chance
We included 381 couples (maternal age, 37.8 ± 4.2; paternal age, 41.8 ± 8.2), whose male partners had the following semen parameters: average volume of 2.5 mL, concentration of 25.4x106/mL, 33% motility, and normal morphology of 1.7. Of these, 316 had elevated average DNA fragmentation of 25.5% and utilized their own oocytes in 683 ICSI cycles, resulting in a 67.5% fertilization, 12.2% implantation, 27.9% clinical pregnancy, and a 22.5% ongoing/delivery. Of the 381 couples, 65 underwent ICSI utilizing donor oocytes (SCF of 24.3%) resulting in a significantly higher fertilization (78.4%) (P < 0.00001) and embryo implantation rates (34.2%) (P < 0.0001). Similarly, albeit not statistically significant, the clinical pregnancy and ongoing/delivery rates increased from 27.9% to 37.1% and from 22.5% to 30.0%, respectively.
To further explore the exclusive role of the male gamete in embryo development, we identified a cohort of patients (n = 46), with an elevated average DNA fragmentation of 23.6%, who underwent an ICSI cycle using their own oocytes and a subsequent cycle using donor oocytes. Compared to cycles where couples used their own oocytes, fertilization, embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and ongoing/delivery rates rose from 67.5% to 76.6% (P < 0.0001), 2.8% to 24.7% (P < 0.00001), 8.4% to 38.8% (P < 0.0001), and 1.2% to 28.6% (P < 0.00001), respectively.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Although this study attempts to control for a concurrent confounding female factor, it cannot be completely excluded. It is difficult to assess the extent and contribution of the ooplasmic repair mechanisms on the male genome.
Wider implications of the findings
Ooplasmic repair mechanisms of healthy female gametes appear to repair or improve the deleterious impact of sperm DNA fragmentation on ART outcomes.
Trial registration number
not applicable
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Ng
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| | - O Kocur
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| | - P Xie
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| | - C Sung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| | - S Souness
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| | - G Palermo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York City, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Sung C, Xie P, Cheung S, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. O-314 Epigenetic Profiling of Seminal Plasma in NOA Men to Predict Successful Testicular Sperm Retrieval. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac106.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
Can epigenetic profiling of seminal plasma be used to predict successful testicular sperm retrieval for men with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA)?
Summary answer
Epigenetic screening of cell-free seminal RNA identified gene imbalances in NOA men, with specific correlation to those who failed to yield spermatozoa at testicular biopsy.
What is known already
Although the chance of a successful microdissection testicular sperm extraction (micro-TESE) in men with NOA can be up to 60%, the procedure may still fail to yield spermatozoa. Several factors have been proposed to predict a successful retrieval, including FSH, inhibin B, genetics, and histopathology. Although histopathology would be the most reliable of these to predict successful micro-TESE, it is equally invasive to perform. Indeed, cell-free RNA extracted from testicular biopsy specimens has been shown to be differentially expressed in infertile men according to the origin of their azoospermia, whether obstructive or nonobstructive, and in relation to a normozoospermic control.
Study design, size, duration
Over a 2-year period, we identified men in whom no spermatozoa were identified despite extensive semen analyses conducted by multiple embryologists. These patients, who were negative for Y microdeletion, subsequently underwent micro-TESE. For consenting men, we performed epigenetic analyses on their seminal plasma by RNAseq. Significant differentially expressed gene (DEG) profiles were then assessed and compared according to whether surgical sperm retrieval successfully yielded spermatozoa (+TESE) or not (-TESE).
Participants/materials, setting, methods
RNA was isolated from the ejaculates for RNAseq using a commercially available spin column kit. RNA isolates were sequenced by Illumina HiSeq at 2x150bp. An absolute log2fold change of > 1 and a P-value of < 0.05 was considered significant. DEG profiles were compared within, as well as between, the +TESE and -TESE cohorts in comparison to a donor control.
Main results and the role of chance
All 12 men (37.3±6yrs) had normal peripheral karyotypes. Six (38.0±7yrs) underwent successful testicular sperm retrievals, defining the +TESE cohort. These men exclusively shared 10 significantly imbalanced genes involved in processes such as spermatogenesis (n = 4), sperm function (n = 2), and testis development (n = 1).
For the 6 men (36.6±5 yrs) who underwent testicular sperm retrievals that failed to yield spermatozoa (-TESE), we identified 16 significantly imbalanced genes, exclusively shared by these patients. These genes are mainly involved in spermatogenesis (n = 9), sperm maturation (n = 1), and cell cycle regulation (n = 4).
We then compared the DEG profiles between the +TESE and -TESE cohorts and identified 8 imbalanced genes that were shared among all 12 NOA men.
Of interest, TPTE2 was partially (67%) expressed in patients from the +TESE group, while IGSF11-AS1 was underexpressed in all men from the -TESE group. Both of these genes are implicated in spermatogenic defects and are normally highly expressed in the testis.
Interestingly, we identified a gene (NA) that was solely and specifically underexpressed in all men from the -TESE group, yet simultaneously overexpressed in all men from the +TESE group. NA, which is well known for its role in sialic acid metabolism, is also present on the sperm acrosome.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Using non-invasive RNAseq on the seminal plasma of NOA men, we were able to identify DEGs according to whether spermatozoa were successfully retrieved or had failed retrieval with micro-TESE. Although intriguing, these are preliminary results that should be further validated in a larger study cohort.
Wider implications of the findings
RNAseq identified genes shared within the same prognostic cohort. Moreover, differential expression of some specific genes predicted micro-TESE outcome. This epigenetic assessment, carried out on the ejaculate, can therefore be used as a non-invasive biomarker tool to predict loss of spermatogenesis in NOA men, sparing them from unnecessary surgery.
Trial registration number
N/A
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - P Xie
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - S Cheung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - G.D Palermo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Johal J, Xie P, Kocur O, Sung C, Souness S, Rosenwaks Z, Palermo G. P-112 Utilizing surgical sperm retrieval to improve clinical outcomes for men with high sperm chromatin fragmentation in their ejaculates. Hum Reprod 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deac107.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Study question
In men with elevated sperm chromatin fragmentation (SCF), can surgical sperm retrieval from the proximal area of the male genital tract improve clinical outcomes?
Summary answer
Spermatozoa retrieved from the epididymis or testes demonstrate higher genomic integrity and are associated with enhanced embryo implantation, clinical pregnancy, and delivery rates.
What is known already
Sperm genomic integrity is a key factor in achieving a successful pregnancy. During spermiogenesis, alteration of DNA topology involving nuclease and ligase mechanisms is required for supercoiling and DNA compaction. If a proper DNA repair mechanism fails during this intricate process, spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation should be picked up by the epididymis and phagocytized. When this mechanism fails, along with the presence of superimposed reactive oxygen species in the male genital tract, spermatozoa with DNA fragmentation may reach the ejaculates. We have previously demonstrated that retrieving spermatozoa directly from the epididymis and testes yields gametes with higher conserved genomic integrity.
Study design, size, duration
In a nine-year timespan, we identified over 1,000 men with high SCF in their ejaculates; 144 patients consented to undergo surgical retrieval of spermatozoa. In a preliminary assessment, their clinical outcomes were compared to those from men with normal SCF (n = 539). Of these men, 53 consented to undergo subsequent ICSI cycles with their female partners using surgically retrieved spermatozoa from the epididymis (n = 15) or testes (n = 38). Fertilization and clinical outcomes were compared.
Participants/materials, setting, methods
Ejaculated, epididymal, and testicular specimens were screened by terminal deoxynucleotidyl dUTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) to assess SCF using a commercially available kit. A total of 500 spermatozoa/sample were screened with a normal threshold of 15%. Surgical samples from the epididymis and testes were cryopreserved in multiple vials for subsequent ICSI cycles.
Main results and the role of chance
In the preliminary assessment, ICSI outcomes utilizing ejaculated spermatozoa were compared between men with normal (n = 539, 9.3±3%) and abnormal (n = 144, 28.2±13%) SCF. Although fertilization did not differ, implantation (24.1% vs. 7.8%) and clinical pregnancy rates (CPR, 35.8% vs. 14.6%) were significantly impaired (P < 0.001) in men with elevated SCF.
SCF assessment on surgically retrieved spermatozoa revealed a decreasing trend from 28.2±13% in the ejaculate to 16.6±9.2% in the epididymis and 10.1±5.7% in the testes.
A total of 53 men underwent 79 subsequent ICSI cycles using surgically retrieved spermatozoa. Compared to their historical cycles using ejaculates (n = 65), ICSI with surgically retrieved sperm substantially improved implantation (18.8% vs. 2.1%; P < 0.001), CPR (36.5% vs. 5.3%; P < 0.0001), and ongoing/delivery rates (33.8% vs. 4.1%; P < 0.0001).
Among these couples, 15 underwent 21 ICSI cycles utilizing epididymal spermatozoa with a mean SCF of 16.6±9%. Implantation (26.5% vs. 3.7%; P < 0.05), CPR (68.4% vs. 4.2%; P < 0.0001), and ongoing/delivery rates (57.1% vs. 4.2%; P < 0.0001) were significantly improved compared to the historical cycles.
The remaining 38 patients underwent ICSI with testicular spermatozoa with an average SCF of 10.1±6%. Implantation (15.0% vs. 2.6%; P < 0.01), CPR (25.5% vs. 6.1%; P < 0.01), and ongoing/delivery rates (23.6% vs. 3.0%; P < 0.05) were higher when compared to historical cycles.
Limitations, reasons for caution
Although surgically retrieved spermatozoa can be used to enhance clinical outcomes in couples with high SCF, epididymal spermatozoa yielded higher pregnancy rates despite the higher level of SCF in these specimens compared to testicular spermatozoa. This can be explained by the corrective action of the ICSI procedure itself.
Wider implications of the findings
Our study demonstrated that sperm DNA integrity progressively increases through the journey of the male genital tract. In couples with a compromised sperm genome, surgically retrieved spermatozoa can be beneficial. Therefore, assessing SCF might be used a routine tool to evaluate the male gamete.
Trial registration number
N/A
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Johal
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - P Xie
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - O Kocur
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - C Sung
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - S Souness
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - Z Rosenwaks
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| | - G Palermo
- Weill Cornell Medicine, The Ronald O. Perelman and Claudia Cohen Center for Reproductive Medicine , New York, U.S.A
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Bang H, Park JS, Kim JY, Sung C, An J, Cho D, Lee S, Shim SB, Choi JK, Kim K. Gene essentiality for tumour growth influences neoantigen‐directed immunoediting. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e714. [PMID: 35060683 PMCID: PMC8778643 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hyoeun Bang
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd. Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Soon Park
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Yeon Kim
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Jinhyeon An
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
| | - Dae‐Yeon Cho
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd. Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Se‐Hoon Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology Samsung Advanced Institute of Health Science and Technology Sungkyunkwan University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Bo Shim
- Department of Biology Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Kyoon Choi
- Department of Bio and Brain Engineering KAIST Daejeon Republic of Korea
- Penta Medix Co., Ltd. Seongnam‐si Gyeonggi‐do Republic of Korea
| | - Kwoneel Kim
- Department of Biology Kyung Hee University Seoul Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Oh M, Lee N, Kim C, Son HJ, Sung C, Oh SJ, Lee SJ, Chung SJ, Lee CS, Kim JS. Diagnostic accuracy of dual-phase 18F-FP-CIT PET imaging for detection and differential diagnosis of Parkinsonism. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14992. [PMID: 34294739 PMCID: PMC8298455 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-94040-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Delayed phase 18F-FP-CIT PET (dCIT) can assess the striatal dopamine transporter binding to detect degenerative parkinsonism (DP). Early phase 18F-FP-CIT (eCIT) can assess the regional brain activity for differential diagnosis among parkinsonism similar with 18F-FDG PET. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of dual phase 18F-FP-CIT PET (dual CIT) and 18F-FDG PET compared with clinical diagnosis in 141 subjects [36 with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (IPD), 77 with multiple system atrophy (MSA), 18 with progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP), and 10 with non-DP)]. Visual assessment of eCIT, dCIT, dual CIT, 18F-FDG and 18F-FDG PET with dCIT was in agreement with the clinical diagnosis in 61.7%, 69.5%, 95.7%, 81.6%, and 97.2% of cases, respectively. ECIT showed about 90% concordance with non-DP and MSA, and 8.3% and 27.8% with IPD and PSP, respectively. DCIT showed ≥ 88% concordance with non-DP, IPD, and PSP, and 49.4% concordance with MSA. Dual CIT showed ≥ 90% concordance in all groups. 18F-FDG PET showed ≥ 90% concordance with non-DP, MSA, and PSP, but only 33.3% concordance with IPD. The combination of 18F-FDG and dCIT yielded ≥ 90% concordance in all groups. Dual CIT may represent a powerful alternative to the combination of 18F-FDG PET and dCIT for differential diagnosis of parkinsonian disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Narae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Korea
| | - Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Kyung Hee University Hospital At Gangdong, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Joo Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong Sik Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Oh M, Kim H, Shin EW, Sung C, Kim DH, Moon DH, Lee JS, Lee PH, Lee SW, Lee CW. Statin/ezetimibe combination therapy vs statin monotherapy for carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. Medicine (Baltimore) 2021; 100:e25114. [PMID: 33725908 PMCID: PMC7969286 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000025114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
It remains uncertain whether statin/ezetimibe combination therapy serves as a useful and equivalent alternative to statin monotherapy for reducing atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of statin/ezetimibe combination therapy and statin monotherapy on carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) imaging. Data were pooled from 2 clinical trials that used serial 18FDG PET/CT examination to investigate the effects of cholesterol-lowering therapy on carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. The primary outcome was the percent change in the target-to-background ratio (TBR) of the index vessel in the most diseased segment (MDS) at 6-month follow-up. Baseline characteristics were largely similar between the 2 groups. At the 6-month follow-up, the MDS TBR of the index vessel significantly decreased in both groups. The percent change in the MDS TBR of the index vessel (primary outcome) did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (-8.41 ± 15.9% vs -8.08 ± 17.0%, respectively, P = .936). Likewise, the percent change in the whole vessel TBR of the index vessel did not differ significantly between the 2 groups. There were significant decreases in total and LDL cholesterol levels in both groups at follow-up (P < .001). There were no significant correlations between the percent changes in MDS TBR of the index vessel, changes in the lipid, and high-sensitive C-reactive protein levels. The reduction in carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation by statin/ezetimibe combination therapy was equivalent to that by the statin monotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ji Sung Lee
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Hardware artificial neural network (ANN) systems with high density synapse array devices can perform massive parallel computing for pattern recognition with low power consumption. To implement a neuromorphic system with on-chip training capability, we need to develop an ideal synapse device with various device requirements, such as scalability, MLC characteristics, low power operation, data retention, and symmetric/linear conductance changes under potentiation/depression modes. Although various devices have been proposed for synapse applications, they have limitations for application in neuromorphic systems. In this paper, we will cover various RRAM synapse devices, such as filamentary switching RRAM (HfOx, TaOx, Cu-CBRAM) and analog RRAM devices, based on interface resistive switching (Pr0.7Ca0.3MnOx and TiOx) and ferroelectric polarization (HfZrOx). By optimizing potentiation/depression conditions, we could improve the conductance linearity and MLC characteristics of filamentary synapse devices. Interface RRAM has better MLC characteristics with limited retention and conductance linearity. By controlling the reactivity of metal electrodes and the oxygen concentration in oxides, we can modulate the synapse characteristics. Metal-Ferroelectric-Insulator-Semiconductor (MFIS) FET devices exhibit good retention characteristics and analog memory characteristics due to polarization. Based on various synapse device characteristics, we have estimated the pattern recognition accuracy of MNIST handwritten digits and CIFAR-10 datasets. We have confirmed that synapse device characteristics directly affect the pattern recognition accuracy of ANNs. In order to simultaneously satisfy all the requirements of synapse devices, it is necessary to develop new technology capable of controlling the movement of oxygen vacancies and metal ions at the atomic scale. Considering the limited synapse characteristics of current 2-terminal RRAM devices, hardware ANNs capable of only off-chip training can be constructed by optimizing the current RRAM devices by limiting the bit number. A 3-terminal synapse device or a device based on a new operation principle should be developed as an alternative for on-chip training applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Moon
- Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Korea.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oh M, Kim H, Shin EW, Sung C, Kim DH, Moon DH, Lee CW. Effects of ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/10 mg versus Rosuvastatin 10 mg on carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2019; 19:201. [PMID: 31426749 PMCID: PMC6700958 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-019-1184-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Using 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18FDG) positron emission tomography-computed tomography (PET/CT) imaging, we examined the effects of ezetimibe/simvastatin 10/10 mg versus rosuvastatin 10 mg on carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation. Whether the combination therapy of ezetimibe with low-dose statin is as effective as potent statin monotherapy in attenuating carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation remains unclear. Methods In this 2-by-2 factorial trial, 50 patients with 18FDG uptake (target-to-background ratio [TBR] ≥1.6) in the carotid artery and acute coronary syndrome were randomized to receive either simvastatin/ezetimibe 10/10 mg or rosuvastatin 10 mg. 18FDG PET/CT examinations were performed at baseline and at 6 months. The percent change in the TBR of the index vessel at the most diseased segment (MDS) was the primary endpoint. Results Baseline characteristics of the two groups were largely similar. At 6-month follow-up, the MDS TBR of the index vessel and aorta significantly decreased in ezetimibe/simvastatin group and tended to decrease in rosuvastatin group. However, the percent change in the MDS TBR of the index vessel was similar between the 2 groups (− 10.22 ± 17.49% vs. -5.84 ± 15.78%, respectively, p = 0.357), as was the percent change in the whole vessel TBR of the index vessel. Likewise, the changes in the MDS TBR or whole vessel TBR of the aorta were similar in both groups. Total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels improved to a similar degree in both groups. Conclusion Treatment with ezetimibe/simvastatin versus rosuvastatin resulted in a similar improvement of carotid atherosclerotic plaque inflammation, suggesting their equivalent anti-inflammatory effects. Trial registration The trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02378064, 3-4-2015. /IRB No. 2015–0194.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyunji Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Eon Woo Shin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Do-Hoon Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Dae Hyuk Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Cheol Whan Lee
- Division of Cardiology, Heart Institute, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Shin E, Sung C, Son HJ, Lee DY, Chae SY, Moon DH. Value of the Filtration Fraction Assessed by Dynamic 99mTc-Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic Acid Renal Scintigraphy After Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibition for the Diagnosis of Renovascular Hypertension. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2019; 53:270-277. [DOI: 10.1007/s13139-019-00595-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
|
24
|
Austin ME, Marinoni A, Walker ML, Brookman MW, deGrassie JS, Hyatt AW, McKee GR, Petty CC, Rhodes TL, Smith SP, Sung C, Thome KE, Turnbull AD. Achievement of Reactor-Relevant Performance in Negative Triangularity Shape in the DIII-D Tokamak. Phys Rev Lett 2019; 122:115001. [PMID: 30951344 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.122.115001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Plasma discharges with a negative triangularity (δ=-0.4) shape have been created in the DIII-D tokamak with a significant normalized beta (β_{N}=2.7) and confinement characteristic of the high confinement mode (H_{98y2}=1.2) despite the absence of an edge pressure pedestal and no edge localized modes (ELMs). These inner-wall-limited plasmas have a similar global performance as a positive triangularity (δ=+0.4) ELMing H-mode discharge with the same plasma current, elongation and cross sectional area. For cases both of dominant electron cyclotron heating with T_{e}/T_{i}>1 and dominant neutral beam injection heating with T_{e}/T_{i}=1, turbulent fluctuations over radii 0.5<ρ<0.9 were reduced by 10-50% in the negative triangularity shape compared to the matching positive triangularity shape, depending on the radius and conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M E Austin
- The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - A Marinoni
- MIT-Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M L Walker
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - M W Brookman
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | | | - A W Hyatt
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - G R McKee
- University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin 53706, USA
| | - C C Petty
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - T L Rhodes
- University of California-Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - S P Smith
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - C Sung
- Lam Research Corp., Fremont, California 94538, USA
| | - K E Thome
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| | - A D Turnbull
- General Atomics, San Diego, California 92186, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Jansen C, Tobita C, Umemoto EU, Starkus J, Rysavy NM, Shimoda LMN, Sung C, Stokes AJ, Turner H. Calcium-dependent, non-apoptotic, large plasma membrane bleb formation in physiologically stimulated mast cells and basophils. J Extracell Vesicles 2019; 8:1578589. [PMID: 30815238 PMCID: PMC6383620 DOI: 10.1080/20013078.2019.1578589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Large membrane derangements in the form of non-detaching blebs or membrane protrusions occur in a variety of cell stress and physiological situations and do not always reflect apoptotic processes. They have been studied in model mast cells under conditions of cell stress, but their potential physiological relevance to mast cell function and formation in primary mast cells or basophils have not been addressed. In the current study, we examine the large, non-detaching, non-apoptotic, membrane structures that form in model and primary mast cells under conditions of stimulation that are relevant to allergy, atopy and Type IV delayed hypersensitivity reactions. We characterized the inflation kinetics, dependency of formation upon external free calcium and striking geometric consistency of formation for large plasma membrane blebs (LPMBs). We describe that immunologically stimulated LPMBs in mast cells are constrained to form in locations where dissociation of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton occurs. Mast cell LPMBs decorate with wheat germ agglutinin, suggesting that they contain plasma membrane (PM) lectins. Electrophysiological capacitance measurements support a model where LPMBs are not being formed from internal membranes newly fused into the PM, but rather arise from stretching of the existing membrane, or inflation and smoothing of a micro-ruffled PM. This study provides new insights into the physiological manifestations of LPMB in response to immunologically relevant stimuli and in the absence of cell stress, death or apoptotic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Jansen
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - C Tobita
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i.,Undergraduate Program in Biology, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - E U Umemoto
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - J Starkus
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - N M Rysavy
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - L M N Shimoda
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - C Sung
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - A J Stokes
- John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawai'i, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| | - H Turner
- Laboratory of Immunology and Signal Transduction, Chaminade University, Honolulu, Hawai'i
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chae SY, Kwon TW, Jin S, Kwon SU, Sung C, Oh SJ, Lee SJ, Oh JS, Han Y, Cho YP, Lee N, Kim JY, Koglin N, Berndt M, Stephens AW, Moon DH. A phase 1, first-in-human study of 18F-GP1 positron emission tomography for imaging acute arterial thrombosis. EJNMMI Res 2019; 9:3. [PMID: 30617563 PMCID: PMC6323046 DOI: 10.1186/s13550-018-0471-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND 18F-GP1 is a novel positron emission tomography (PET) tracer that targets glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptors on activated platelets. The study objective was to explore the feasibility of directly imaging acute arterial thrombosis (AAT) with 18F-GP1 PET/computed tomography (PET/CT) and to quantitatively assess 18F-GP1 uptake. Safety, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics and metabolism were also evaluated. METHODS Adult patients who had signs or symptoms of AAT or had recently undergone arterial intervention or surgery within 14 days prior to 18F-GP1 PET/CT were eligible for inclusion. The AAT focus was demonstrated by conventional imaging within the 5 days prior to 18F-GP1 administration. Whole-body dynamic 18F-GP1 PET/CT images were acquired for up to 140 min after injection of 250 MBq of 18F-GP1. Venous plasma samples were analysed to determine 18F-GP1 clearance and metabolite formation. RESULTS Among the ten eligible patients assessed, underlying diseases were abdominal aortic aneurysm with endovascular repair (n = 6), bypass surgery and stent placement (n = 1), endarterectomy (n = 1), arterial dissection (n = 1) and acute cerebral infarction (n = 1). 18F-GP1 administration and PET/CT procedures were well tolerated, with no drug-related adverse events. All patients showed high initial 18F-GP1 uptake in the spleen, kidney and blood pool, followed by rapid clearance. Unmetabolised plasma 18F-GP1 levels peaked at 4 min post-injection and decreased over time until 120 min. The overall image quality was sufficient for diagnosis in all patients and AAT foci were detected in all participants. The 18F-GP1 uptake in AAT foci remained constant from 7 min after injection and began to separate from the blood pool after 20 min. The median standardised uptake value of AAT was 5.0 (range 2.4-7.9) at 120 min post-injection. The median ratio of standardised uptake value of AAT foci to the mean blood pool activity was 3.4 (range 2.0-6.3) at 120 min. CONCLUSIONS 18F-GP1 is a safe and promising novel PET tracer for imaging AAT with a favourable biodistribution and pharmacokinetic profile. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02864810 , Registered August 3, 2016.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sun Young Chae
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kwon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun U Kwon
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cho
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Narae Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Wonju Severance Christian Hospital, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Young Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guri Hospital of Hanyang University Medical Center, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Norman Koglin
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH (formerly Piramal Imaging GmbH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH (formerly Piramal Imaging GmbH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrew W Stephens
- Life Molecular Imaging GmbH (formerly Piramal Imaging GmbH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Dae Hyuk Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Sung C, Rhodes TL, Peebles WA. Turbulence measurements on the high and low magnetic field side of the DIII-D tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10H106. [PMID: 30399653 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, we address the challenging question of measuring turbulence levels on the high magnetic field side (HFS) of tokamak plasmas. Although turbulence measurements on the HFS can provide a stringent constraint for the turbulence model validation, to date only low magnetic field side (LFS) measured turbulence has been used in validation studies. To address this issue, an eight channel Correlation Electron Cyclotron Emission (CECE) system at DIII-D was modified to probe both LFS and HFS. In contrast to the second harmonic extraordinary mode electron cyclotron resonance emission that is typically used in CECE, we show that it is possible to probe the HFS using fundamental O-mode electron cyclotron resonance emission. The required hardware modifications for the HFS measurements are presented here, and the potential issues in this measurement are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - T L Rhodes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - W A Peebles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Zeng L, Wang G, Rhodes TL, Peebles WA, Sung C, Lantsov R. A free-standing wire scattering technique to monitor calibration variations of the DIII-D density profile reflectometer. Rev Sci Instrum 2018; 89:10H112. [PMID: 30399744 DOI: 10.1063/1.5036581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Real-time phase calibration of the ITER profile reflectometer is essential due to the long plasma duration and expected waveguide path length changes during a discharge. Progress has been recently made in addressing this issue by employing a phase calibration technique on DIII-D that monitors calibration variations that occur during each plasma discharge. By installing a thin free-standing metallic wire (1 mm diameter) near the end of the overmoded waveguide transmission system (oriented perpendicular to the waveguide axis), the round-trip phase shift from the wire is detected simultaneously with the plasma phase shifts. Variations in the reflectometer round trip path length (∼26 m) are then calculated after each DIII-D plasma discharge, allowing the calibration phase to be accurately monitored and updated. The round-trip reflectometer path length is observed to vary by ∼3 mm (root mean square value) during a typical DIII-D discharge. Using the variations in calibration phase, the density profile measurement accuracy can be improved. Since the wire retro-reflected power is ∼0.01 of the plasma signal, minimal effect is observed on the reflected signal from the plasma. Importantly, through a suitable choice in wire diameter, the calibration signal can be made approximately independent of the V-band reflectometer launch polarization. This is particularly important on DIII-D since orthogonal X- and O-mode polarized beams are coupled into the same transmission waveguide and launch antenna.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T L Rhodes
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W A Peebles
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Sung
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - R Lantsov
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Sung C, Tsai M, Huang C, Chang J, Chang W, Chen W. 110 Incomplete Revascularization Is Associated With Adverse Outcomes in Cardiac Arrest Survivors: A Retrospective Multicenter Cohort Study. Ann Emerg Med 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2018.08.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
30
|
Lee SH, Sung C, Lee HS, Yoon HY, Kim SJ, Oh JS, Song JW, Kim MY, Ryu JS. Is 18F-FDG PET/CT useful for the differential diagnosis of solitary pulmonary nodules in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis? Ann Nucl Med 2018; 32:492-498. [PMID: 29974372 DOI: 10.1007/s12149-018-1273-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is associated with an increased incidence of lung cancer, but patients with IPF often have poor pulmonary function and are vulnerable to pneumothorax and so using an invasive procedure to diagnose a single nodule detected on chest CT risks a critical adverse outcome. 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is recognized to be useful for differentiating between benign and malignant solitary pulmonary nodules (SPN) in patients without IPF, but its diagnostic accuracy has not been investigated in patients with IPF. In this study, therefore, we investigated whether 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for the differential diagnosis of SPNs in patients with IPF. METHODS From the IPF patient cohort of our institution, we retrospectively reviewed 55 patients (54 men, 1 woman; age 67.8 ± 7.6 years) with an SPN sized 8-30 mm (mean 18.5 ± 5.7 mm) who underwent chest CT followed by 18F-FDG PET/CT between April 2004 and March 2016. The 18F-FDG uptake of the SPN was analyzed visually and semiquantitatively, and these determinations were compared with the final diagnosis obtained by pathology (n = 52) or imaging follow-up (n = 3). RESULTS The final diagnoses showed that 41 (75%) of the SPNs were malignant (21 squamous cell carcinomas, 9 adenocarcinomas, 5 small-cell carcinomas, 4 mixed-type carcinomas, 1 large-cell neuroendocrine carcinoma, and 1 sarcoid carcinoma) and 14 (25%) were benign. The determination of malignant SPNs by visual analysis of the PET/CT images had a sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of 98, 86, 95, and 92%, respectively. The semiquantitative analysis using a maximum standardized uptake value of 2.0 as the cut-off had a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, and NPV of 95, 93, 98, and 87%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS 18F-FDG PET/CT is useful for differentiating benign and malignant SPNs in patients with IPF, as it is for patients without IPF.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suk Hyun Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Hyo Sang Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Hee-Young Yoon
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Soo-Jong Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea
| | - Jin Woo Song
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mi Young Kim
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Sook Ryu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88 Olympic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Kim C, Lee JS, Han Y, Chae SY, Jin S, Sung C, Son HJ, Oh SJ, Lee SJ, Oh JS, Cho YP, Kwon TW, Lee DH, Jang S, Kim B, Koglin N, Berndt M, Stephens AW, Moon DH. Glycoprotein IIb/IIIa receptor imaging with 18F-GP1 positron emission tomography for acute venous thromboembolism: an open-label, non-randomized, first-in-human phase 1 study. J Nucl Med 2018; 60:jnumed.118.212084. [PMID: 29959214 PMCID: PMC8833852 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.118.212084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Accepted: 06/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
18F-GP1 is a derivative of elarofiban with a high affinity to activated platelet glycoprotein IIb/IIIa (GPIIb/IIIa) and favorable in vivo characteristics for thrombus imaging in preclinical models. We aimed to explore the detection rate of thromboembolic foci with 18F-GP1 positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) in patients with acute venous thromboembolism (VTE), and to evaluate the safety, biodistribution, pharmacokinetics, and metabolism of 18F-GP1. Methods: We studied patients who had signs or symptoms of acute deep vein thrombosis (DVT) of the leg or acute pulmonary embolism (PE) within 14 days prior to 18F-GP1 PET/CT, and had thromboembolic foci confirmed by conventional imaging (n = 10 for DVT and n = 10 for PE). Dynamic whole-body PET/CT images were acquired for up to 140 minutes after injection of 250 MBq of 18F-GP1. Results:18F-GP1 PET/CT was well tolerated without any drug-related adverse events, and showed high initial uptake in spleen, kidney, and blood pool, followed by rapid clearance. The overall image quality was excellent and allowed interpretation in all patients. 18F-GP1 PET/CT identified thromboembolic foci in all 20 patients with either DVT or PE. Vessel-level analysis revealed that 18F-GP1 PET/CT detected 89% (68/76) of vessels with DVT, and 60% (146/245) for PE. Importantly, 18F-GP1 PET/CT showed increased uptake in 32 vessels that were not detected by conventional imaging, of which 25 were located in distal veins of the lower extremity in 12 patients. A positive correlation was found between 18F-GP1 uptake and P-selectin-positive circulating platelets (r = 0.656, P = 0.002). Conclusion:18F-GP1 is a promising PET tracer for imaging acute VTE in patients. 18F-GP1 PET/CT may identify thrombi in distal veins of the leg, where conventional imaging has limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chanwoo Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Seung Lee
- Department of Pulmonology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youngjin Han
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun Young Chae
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Soyoung Jin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Nowon Eulji Medical Center, Eulji University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Joo Son
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jungsu S. Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Pil Cho
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae-Won Kwon
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Hee Lee
- Department of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Seongsoo Jang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bohyun Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital Cheonan, Soonchunhyang University College of Medicine, Cheonan, Chungcheongnam-do, Republic of Korea; and
| | - Norman Koglin
- Piramal Imaging GmbH (now Life Molecular Imaging GmbH), Berlin, Germany
| | - Mathias Berndt
- Piramal Imaging GmbH (now Life Molecular Imaging GmbH), Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Dae Hyuk Moon
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Abstract
This paper presents a new class of animatronic soft robots created by a desktop fabrication mechanism called additive folding. In this method, two-dimensional (2D) slices are threaded by multiple strings, accordion-folded by flexure hinges and finally stacked into a predefined three-dimensional (3D) structure. As the 3D assembly of the slices is controlled by embedded strings, it becomes an animatronic soft robot that moves like a biological creature and that shows life-like movements. We create a computational design algorithm that takes as input a desired 3D geometry of the robot, and that produces a 2D surface with built-in folds and string-based actuators. This paper describes the entire robot design process and demonstrates various animatronic motions, highlighting the vision of desktop fabrication technology and its potential applications in animatronics and robotic art.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Yim
- Center for Intelligent & Interactive Robotics Research, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, S. Korea
| | - C Sung
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Applied Mechanics, University of Pennsylvania, USA
| | - S Miyashita
- Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, UK
| | - D Rus
- Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| | - S Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Suh J, Go H, Sung C, Baek S, Hwang H, Jeong S, Cho Y. Modification of The Paris System for urinary tract washing specimens using diagnostic cytological features. Cytopathology 2017; 28:516-523. [DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Suh
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. Go
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - C. Sung
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Baek
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - H. Hwang
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - S. Jeong
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| | - Y. Cho
- Department of Pathology; Asan Medical Center; University of Ulsan College of Medicine; Seoul Korea
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Sung C, Lee JH, Oh JS, Oh M, Lee SJ, Oh SJ, Chung SJ, Lee CS, Kim JS. Longitudinal Decline of Striatal Subregional [ 18F]FP-CIT Uptake in Parkinson's Disease. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2017; 51:304-313. [PMID: 29242724 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-017-0481-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Dopamine transporter imaging is suggested to be a useful imaging biomarker for Parkinson's disease (PD) progression and monitoring drug effects. We investigated the longitudinal decline characteristics of striatal [18F]FP-CIT uptake in PD. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 35 PD patients and 9 non-PD patients. All patients underwent [18F]FP-CIT PET at the initial diagnosis and follow-up. PET images were spatially normalized and analyzed with eight striatal and one occipital VOI templates. We measured the specific to non-specific binding ratio (SNBR) of the striatal subregions and calculated the absolute annual reduction (AAR) and relative annual reduction (%RAR) of the SNBRs. Results Total striatal SNBRs in PD patients were significantly lower than those in non-PD patients, with the most significant difference in the posterior putamen. Both AAR (0.26 ± 0.14 vs. 0.09 ± 0.19, p < 0.05) and %RAR (6.9 ± 3.5 vs. 1.2 ± 2.7, p < 0.001) of total striatal SNBRs were significantly greater in PD than non-PD patients. There were no significant differences in the AAR and %RAR of total striatal SNBRs between elderly and young onset PD. The AARs of the posterior putamen were higher in early PD than in advanced PD. Conversely, the %RARs were not significantly different between early and more advanced PD. The disease duration was significantly negatively correlated with the AAR but not with the %RAR of the posterior putamen. Conclusions The longitudinal decline of striatal [18F]FP-CIT uptake in PD was nonlinear and significantly faster than that in non-PD, with a different rate of decline among the striatal subregions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Changhwan Sung
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Jai Hyuen Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Dankook University College of Medicine, Cheonan, South Korea
| | - Jungsu S Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Minyoung Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Sang Ju Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Seung Jun Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| | - Sun Ju Chung
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chong Sik Lee
- Department of Neurology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Seung Kim
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olympicro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 05505 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Chan SL, Tham MY, Tan SH, Loke C, Foo B, Fan Y, Ang PS, Brunham LR, Sung C. Development and validation of algorithms for the detection of statin myopathy signals from electronic medical records. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2017; 101:667-674. [PMID: 27706800 DOI: 10.1002/cpt.526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Revised: 08/01/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop and validate sensitive algorithms to detect hospitalized statin-induced myopathy (SIM) cases from electronic medical records (EMRs). We developed four algorithms on a training set of 31,211 patient records from a large tertiary hospital. We determined the performance of these algorithms against manually curated records. The best algorithm used a combination of elevated creatine kinase (>4× the upper limit of normal (ULN)), discharge summary, diagnosis, and absence of statin in discharge medications. This algorithm achieved a positive predictive value of 52-71% and a sensitivity of 72-78% on two validation sets of >30,000 records each. Using this algorithm, the incidence of SIM was estimated at 0.18%. This algorithm captured three times more rhabdomyolysis cases than spontaneous reports (95% vs. 30% of manually curated gold standard cases). Our results show the potential power of utilizing data and text mining of EMRs to enhance pharmacovigilance activities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S L Chan
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - M Y Tham
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - S H Tan
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - C Loke
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Bpq Foo
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - Y Fan
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.,Genome Institute of Singapore, Singapore
| | - P S Ang
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore
| | - L R Brunham
- Translational Laboratory in Genetic Medicine, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore.,Department of Medicine, Center for Heart and Lung Innovation, University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - C Sung
- Vigilance and Compliance Branch, Health Products Regulation Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore.,Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Zeng L, Doyle EJ, Rhodes TL, Wang G, Sung C, Peebles WA, Bobrek M. A novel technique for real-time estimation of edge pedestal density gradients via reflectometer time delay data. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E719. [PMID: 27910620 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new model-based technique for fast estimation of the pedestal electron density gradient has been developed. The technique uses ordinary mode polarization profile reflectometer time delay data and does not require direct profile inversion. Because of its simple data processing, the technique can be readily implemented via a Field-Programmable Gate Array, so as to provide a real-time density gradient estimate, suitable for use in plasma control systems such as envisioned for ITER, and possibly for DIII-D and Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak. The method is based on a simple edge plasma model with a linear pedestal density gradient and low scrape-off-layer density. By measuring reflectometer time delays for three adjacent frequencies, the pedestal density gradient can be estimated analytically via the new approach. Using existing DIII-D profile reflectometer data, the estimated density gradients obtained from the new technique are found to be in good agreement with the actual density gradients for a number of dynamic DIII-D plasma conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Zeng
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - E J Doyle
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - T L Rhodes
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - G Wang
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - C Sung
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W A Peebles
- Physics and Astronomy Department, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - M Bobrek
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831-6006, USA
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sung C, Peebles WA, Wannberg C, Rhodes TL, Nguyen X, Lantsov R, Bardóczi L. A frequency tunable, eight-channel correlation ECE system for electron temperature turbulence measurements on the DIII-D tokamak. Rev Sci Instrum 2016; 87:11E123. [PMID: 27910687 DOI: 10.1063/1.4961296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A new eight-channel correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic has recently been installed on the DIII-D tokamak to study both turbulent and coherent electron temperature fluctuations under various plasma conditions and locations. This unique system is designed to cover a broad range of operation space on DIII-D (1.6-2.1 T, detection frequency: 72-108 GHz) via four remotely selected local oscillators (80, 88, 96, and 104 GHz). Eight radial locations are measured simultaneously in a single discharge covering as much as half the minor radius. In this paper, we present design details of the quasi-optical system, the receiver, as well as representative data illustrating operation of the system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sung
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - W A Peebles
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - C Wannberg
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - T L Rhodes
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - X Nguyen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - R Lantsov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| | - L Bardóczi
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90098, USA
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Sorbom B, Ball J, Palmer T, Mangiarotti F, Sierchio J, Bonoli P, Kasten C, Sutherland D, Barnard H, Haakonsen C, Goh J, Sung C, Whyte D. ARC: A compact, high-field, fusion nuclear science facility and demonstration power plant with demountable magnets. Fusion Engineering and Design 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fusengdes.2015.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
39
|
Sung C, White AE, Howard NT, Mikkelsen D, Irby J, Leccacorvi R, Vieira R, Oi C, Rice J, Reinke M, Gao C, Ennever P, Porkolab M, Churchill R, Theiler C, Walk J, Hughes J, Hubbard A, Greenwald M. Correlation ECE diagnostic in Alcator C-Mod. EPJ Web of Conferences 2015. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/20158703007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
|
40
|
Howard NT, Sung C, White AE. Measurement of electron temperature fluctuations using a tunable correlation electron cyclotron emission system on Alcator C-Mod. Rev Sci Instrum 2014; 85:11D811. [PMID: 25430224 DOI: 10.1063/1.4886422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A tunable correlation electron cyclotron (CECE) system was recently installed on the Alcator C-Mod tokamak to provide local, quantitative measurement of electron temperature fluctuations in the tokamak core. This system represents a significant upgrade from the original CECE system, expanding the measurement capabilities from 4 to 8 total channels, including 2 remotely tunable YIG filters (6-18 GHz; 200 MHz bandwidth). Additional upgrades were made to the optical system to provide enhanced poloidal resolution and allow for measurement of turbulent fluctuations below kθρs < 0.3. These expanded capabilities allow for single shot measurement of partial temperature fluctuation profiles in the region ρ = 0.7 - 0.9 (square root of normalized toroidal flux) in a wide variety of plasma conditions. These measurements are currently being used to provide stringent tests of the gyrokinetic model in ongoing model validation efforts. Details of the hardware upgrades, turbulent fluctuation measurements, and ongoing comparisons with simulations are presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N T Howard
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - C Sung
- MIT - Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - A E White
- MIT - Plasma Science and Fusion Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Seo M, Lee SH, Han S, Sung C, Son DH, Lee JJ. Peliosis Hepatis Shows Isometabolism on (18)F-FDG PET/CT: Two Case Reports. Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2014; 48:309-12. [PMID: 26396637 DOI: 10.1007/s13139-014-0281-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 05/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Peliosis hepatis (PH) is a rare benign disease that is characterized by multiple blood-filled cystic spaces in the hepatic parenchyma. It is also characterized by a range of radiologic findings that might mimic various diseases, including metastatic liver disease and hepatocellular carcinoma. The findings of PH on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) are not well reported. We here report two cases of biopsy-proven PH. Both patients had been treated for cancer (advanced gastric carcinoma and rectal adenocarcinoma), and follow-up CT of both cases revealed hepatic lesions with the possibility of metastasis. Examination of (18)F-FDG PET/CT images suggested that the lesions were isometabolic, having metabolism similar to that of adjacent hepatic parenchyma. The outcomes of hepatic core-needle biopsies were consistent with peliosis hepatis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Minjung Seo
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 South Korea
| | - Suk Hyun Lee
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 South Korea
| | - Sangwon Han
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 South Korea
| | - Changhwan Sung
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 South Korea
| | - Da Hye Son
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jong Jin Lee
- Departments of Nuclear Medicine, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, 86 Asanbyeongwon-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736 South Korea
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Sung C, White AE, Irby JH, Leccacorvi R, Vieira R, Oi CY, Peebles WA, Nguyen X. Design of a correlation electron cyclotron emission diagnostic for Alcator C-Mod. Rev Sci Instrum 2012; 83:10E311. [PMID: 23126971 DOI: 10.1063/1.4731750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
A correlation electron cyclotron emission (CECE) diagnostic has been installed in Alcator C-Mod. In order to measure electron temperature fluctuations, this diagnostic uses a spectral decorrelation technique. Constraints obtained with nonlinear gyrokinetic simulations guided the design of the optical system and receiver. The CECE diagnostic is designed to measure temperature fluctuations which have k(θ) ≤ 4.8 cm(-1) (k(θ)ρ(s) < 0.5) using a well-focused beam pattern. Because the CECE diagnostic is a dedicated turbulence diagnostic, the optical system is also flexible, which allows for various collimating lenses and antenna to be used. The system overview and the demonstration of its operability as designed are presented in this paper.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sung
- Plasma Science and Fusion Center, MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Kim YJ, Satapathy SK, Law L, Volfson A, Friedman B, Yang S, Sung C, Siegel DS, DeVito B. Hematemesis from ruptured aberrant right hepatic artery aneurysm eroding through the duodenal wall. Endoscopy 2012; 43 Suppl 2 UCTN:E323-4. [PMID: 22020707 DOI: 10.1055/s-0030-1256736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y J Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hofstra North Shore-LIJ Health system at Long Island Jewish Medical Center, New York 11040, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Bhandari A, Cuthbertson E, Sung C, Siegel D, Lobko I. Abstract No. 301: Hemorrhage following percutaneous CT guided ablation of large renal neoplasms: Utility of pre-ablation embolization. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2011.01.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
45
|
Abstract
ABSTRACTElectrospinning derived from electro spraying is a process by which sub-micron polymer fibers can be produced using an electrostatically driven jet of polymer solution. The fibers are collected as non-woven mat and offer a high surface to volume ratio. Polyaniline is an organic conducting polymer and can be used to fabricate conducting nano fibers by blending with suitable polymers like poly methyl methacrylate. In this present work we have explored the effects of electrospinning parameters on the formation of PANI/PMMA fibers and the phase morphology of the electrospun fibers using advanced electron microscopy and scanning probe microscopy techniques.
Collapse
|
46
|
Sung C, Kim BG, Kim S, Joo HS, Kim PI. Probiotic potential of Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9 as anti-Staphylococcus aureus agent isolated from the vaginal microbiota of a healthy woman. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:908-916. [PMID: 19709336 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04485.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To isolate and characterize an antagonist for use as probiotic agent in the biocontrol of Staphylococcus aureus. METHODS AND RESULTS Bacteria that exhibited antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria including Staph. aureus were isolated from 12 healthy women, with Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9 showing the strongest activity. The bacteriocin produced by Staph. hominis MBBL 2-9 was purified by 60% ammonium sulfate saturation, ultrafiltration, HLB cartridge and reverse-phase HPLC. The molecular weight was estimated as 2038.2 Da by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry. The antagonist survived up to 2 h in artificial gastric juice (pH 2.5) and grew in the presence of 1% porcine bile extract. In addition, Staph. hominis MBBL 2-9 adhered effectively to HT-29 epithelial cell line. CONCLUSION Staphylococcus hominis MBBL 2-9 exhibited desirable probiotic traits such as acid tolerance, bile resistance and adherence to epithelial cell line. The bacterium also produced a bacteriocin with unique molecular weight and high antimicrobial activity similar to traditional antibiotics. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study is the first report of a bacteriocin-producing Staph. hominis MBBL 2-9 that has potential for use as a probiotic agent against Staph. aureus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C Sung
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - B-G Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea., Institute of Bioengineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Kim
- Division of Food Science, Korea University, Anam-dong, Sungbuk-ku, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Joo
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - P I Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Institute of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Pukac L, Kanakaraj P, Humphreys R, Alderson R, Bloom M, Sung C, Riccobene T, Johnson R, Fiscella M, Mahoney A, Carrell J, Boyd E, Yao XT, Zhang L, Zhong L, von Kerczek A, Shepard L, Vaughan T, Edwards B, Dobson C, Salcedo T, Albert V. HGS-ETR1, a fully human TRAIL-receptor 1 monoclonal antibody, induces cell death in multiple tumour types in vitro and in vivo. Br J Cancer 2005; 92:1430-41. [PMID: 15846298 PMCID: PMC2361994 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6602487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 235] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumour necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) induces apoptosis in a variety of tumour cells through activation of TRAIL-R1 and TRAIL-R2 death signalling receptors. Here, we describe the characterisation and activity of HGS-ETR1, the first fully human, agonistic TRAIL-R1 mAb that is being developed as an antitumour therapeutic agent. HGS-ETR1 showed specific binding to TRAIL-R1 receptor. HGS-ETR1 reduced the viability of multiple types of tumour cells in vitro, and induced activation of caspase 8, Bid, caspase 9, caspase 3, and cleavage of PARP, indicating activation of TRAIL-R1 alone was sufficient to induce both extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways. Treatment of cell lines in vitro with HGS-ETR1 enhanced the cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic agents (camptothecin, cisplatin, carboplatin, or 5-fluorouracil) even in tumour cell lines that were not sensitive to HGS-ETR1 alone. In vivo administration of HGS-ETR1 resulted in rapid tumour regression or repression of tumour growth in pre-established colon, non-small-cell lung, and renal tumours in xenograft models. Combination of HGS-ETR1 with chemotherapeutic agents (topotecan, 5-fluorouracil, and irinotecan) in three independent colon cancer xenograft models resulted in an enhanced antitumour efficacy compared to either agent alone. Pharmacokinetic studies in the mouse following intravenous injection showed that HGS-ETR1 serum concentrations were biphasic with a terminal half-life of 6.9–8.7 days and a steady-state volume of distribution of approximately 60 ml kg−1. Clearance was 3.6–5.7 ml−1 day−1 kg−1. These data suggest that HGS-ETR1 is a specific and potent antitumour agent with favourable pharmacokinetic characteristics and the potential to provide therapeutic benefit for a broad range of human malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Pukac
- Human Genome Sciences Inc., 9800 Medical Center Drive, Rockville, MD 20850, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Musumeci P, Tochitsky SY, Boucher S, Clayton CE, Doyuran A, England RJ, Joshi C, Pellegrini C, Ralph JE, Rosenzweig JB, Sung C, Tolmachev S, Travish G, Varfolomeev AA, Varfolomeev AA, Yarovoi T, Yoder RB. High energy gain of trapped electrons in a tapered, diffraction-dominated inverse-free-electron laser. Phys Rev Lett 2005; 94:154801. [PMID: 15904152 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.94.154801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2004] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Energy gain of trapped electrons in excess of 20 MeV has been demonstrated in an inverse-free-electron-laser (IFEL) accelerator experiment. A 14.5 MeV electron beam is copropagated with a 400 GW CO2 laser beam in a 50 cm long undulator strongly tapered in period and field amplitude. The Rayleigh range of the laser, approximately 1.8 cm, is much shorter than the undulator length yielding a diffraction-dominated interaction. Experimental results on the dependence of the acceleration on injection energy, laser focus position, and laser power are discussed. Simulations, in good agreement with the experimental data, show that most of the energy gain occurs in the first half of the undulator at a gradient of 70 MeV/m and that the structure in the measured energy spectrum arises because of higher harmonic IFEL interaction in the second half of the undulator.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P Musumeci
- Neptune Laboratory, Department of Physics and Astronomy, UCLA, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Tarnay JN, Szeri F, Iliás A, Annilo T, Sung C, Le Saux O, Váradi A, Dean M, Boyd CD, Robinow S. The dMRP/CG6214 gene of Drosophila is evolutionarily and functionally related to the human multidrug resistance-associated protein family. Insect Mol Biol 2004; 13:539-548. [PMID: 15373810 DOI: 10.1111/j.0962-1075.2004.00512.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are involved in the transport of substrates across biological membranes and are essential for many cellular processes. Of the fifty-six Drosophila ABC transporter genes only white, brown, scarlet, E23 and Atet have been studied in detail. Phylogenetic analyses identify the Drosophila gene dMRP/CG6214 as an orthologue to the human multidrug-resistance associated proteins MRP1, MRP2, MRP3 and MRP6. To study evolutionarily conserved roles of MRPs we have initiated a characterization of dMRP. In situ hybridization and Northern analysis indicate that dMRP is expressed throughout development and appears to be head enriched in adults. Functional studies indicate that DMRP is capable of transporting a known MRP1 substrate and establishes DMRP as a high capacity ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive organic anion transporter.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J N Tarnay
- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Robinson MR, Baffi J, Yuan P, Sung C, Byrnes G, Cox TA, Csaky KG. Safety and pharmacokinetics of intravitreal 2-methoxyestradiol implants in normal rabbit and pharmacodynamics in a rat model of choroidal neovascularization. Exp Eye Res 2002; 74:309-17. [PMID: 11950241 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2001.1132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) is the leading cause of severe vision loss associated with age-related macular degeneration. As the pathogenesis of CNV formation is better understood, mechanism-based therapies, including the use of antiangiogenesis inhibitors, have been investigated. 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME2), an endogenous metabolite of estradiol, has been shown in the chick allantoic membrane model and the corneal micropocket assay to have antiangiogenic properties. The authors sought to determine the safety and pharmacokinetics of sustained-release intravitreal 2ME2 implants in normal rabbit and their efficacy in a rat model of CNV. 2ME2 implants were constructed using two designs: implant A, a silicone-based reservoir implant for the rabnbit eye, and implant B, a microimplant matrix design for the rat eye. In vitro release rates of both implants were determined. New Zealand white (NZW) rabbits had implant A placed in the vitreous cavity of one eye and the ocular toxicity was evaluated by clinical examination, serial electroretinography (ERG), and histopathology over a 28 week period. The steady state clearance of 2ME2 in the rabbit eye was calculated from in vivo release rates divided by steady state vitreous concentrations. A CNV model in the Brown-Norway rat was performed by injecting an adenoviral vector encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor in the subretinal space. Following the injection, a 2ME2 or sham (no drug) microimplant was placed in the vitreous cavity. Animals were killed over a 3 week period and the eyes examined for CNV by histopathology. Results showed that following a short burst, the release rate of implant A followed zero-order kinetics, typical of reservoir devices, and the cumulative release of implant B was proportional to the square root of time, as expected for a matrix delivery device. The safety studies in normal rabbit showed no ocular toxicities by clinical examination, ERG, and histopathology. Pharmacokinetic evaluation in the rabbit showed mean 2ME2 vitreous levels within the therapeutic range for the inhibition of endothelial cell proliferation. The experimental rat model showed a significant reduction in CNV in eyes treated with the 2ME2 implant. In conclusion, sustained-release 2ME2 intravitreal implants, which can be designed to deliver potentially therapeutic vitreous levels of 2ME2 for an extended period of time, appeared to be safe in normal rabbit and effective in a rat model of CNV. Sustained-release 2ME2 intravitreal implants may hold promise in the treatment of recurrent CNV refractory to standard therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M R Robinson
- National Eye Institute, NIH, 10 Center Dr/MSC 1863, Bldg 10/Room 10N112, Bethesda, MD 20892-1863, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|