1
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Lin CC, Chiu LH, Chang WH, Lin CAJ, Chen RM, Ho YS, Zuo CS, Changou A, Cheng YF, Lai WFT. A Non-Invasive Method for Monitoring Osteogenesis and Osseointegration Using Near-Infrared Fluorescent Imaging: A Model of Maxilla Implantation in Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24055032. [PMID: 36902462 PMCID: PMC10003657 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24055032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Currently, computed tomography and conventional X-ray radiography usually generate a micro-artifact around metal implants. This metal artifact frequently causes false positive or negative diagnoses of bone maturation or pathological peri-implantitis around implants. In an attempt to repair the artifacts, a highly specific nanoprobe, an osteogenic biomarker, and nano-Au-Pamidronate were designed to monitor the osteogenesis. In total, 12 Sprague Dawley rats were included in the study and could be chategorized in 3 groups: 4 rats in the X-ray and CT group, 4 rats in the NIRF group, and 4 rats in the sham group. A titanium alloy screw was implanted in the anterior hard palate. The X-ray, CT, and NIRF images were taken 28 days after implantation. The X-ray showed that the tissue surrounded the implant tightly; however, a gap of metal artifacts was noted around the interface between dental implants and palatal bone. Compared to the CT image, a fluorescence image was noted around the implant site in the NIRF group. Furthermore, the histological implant-bone tissue also exhibited a significant NIRF signal. In conclusion, this novel NIRF molecular imaging system precisely identifies the image loss caused by metal artifacts and can be applied to monitoring bone maturation around orthopedic implants. In addition, by observing the new bone formation, a new principle and timetable for an implant osseointegrated with bone can be established and a new type of implant fixture or surface treatment can be evaluated using this system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chiu
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Walter H. Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An J. Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan
| | - Ruei-Ming Chen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Chun S. Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
| | - Austin Changou
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Core Facility Center, Office of Research and Development, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
| | - Yue-Fa Cheng
- College of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan 066008, China
| | - Wen-Fu T. Lai
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA 02478, USA
- Institute of Graduate Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei 110, Taiwan
- Department of Research and Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University-Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City 235, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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2
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Chen MH, Lee CH, Liang HK, Huang SC, Li JP, Lin CAJ, Chen JK. Integrating the microneedles with carboplatin to facilitate the therapeutic effect of radiotherapy for skin cancers. Biomater Adv 2022; 141:213113. [PMID: 36099811 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2022.213113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In most skin cancer patients, excisional surgery is required to remove tumorous tissue. However, the risk of locoregional recurrence after surgery alone is relatively high, particularly for a locally advanced stage of melanoma. Therefore, additional adjuvant treatments, such as radiotherapy, can be used after surgery to inhibit recurrent melanoma after surgical removal. To enhance local radiotherapy, we present the combined X-ray radiation and radiosensitizers (carboplatin) through microneedles (MNs) to treat melanoma. The MNs could be beneficial to precisely delivering carboplatin into the sub-epidermal layer of the melanoma region and alleviate patients' fear and discomfort during the drug administration compared to the traditional local injection. The carboplatin was loaded into the tips of dissolving gelatin MNs (carboplatin-MNs) through the molding method. The results show gelatin MNs have sufficient mechanical strength and can successfully administer carboplatin into the skin. Both in vitro and in vivo studies suggest that carboplatin can enhance radiotherapy in melanoma treatment. With a combination of radiotherapy and carboplatin, the inhibition effect of carboplatin delivered into the B16F10 murine melanoma model through MNs administration (1.2 mg/kg) is equivalent to that through an intravenous route (5 mg/kg). The results demonstrate a promise of combined carboplatin and X-ray radiation treatment in treating melanoma by MNs administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Center for Biomedical Engineering in Cancer, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan.
| | - Chun-Hung Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Hsiang-Kuang Liang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Taiwan University, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan; Division of Radiation Oncology, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan; Department of Radiation Oncology, Cancer Center Branch, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei City 100225, Taiwan
| | - Su-Chin Huang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Jui-Ping Li
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan; Center for Biomedical Engineering in Cancer, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan City 320314, Taiwan
| | - Jen-Kun Chen
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Nanomedicine, National Health Research Institutes, Miaoli County 35053, Taiwan; Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung City 40227, Taiwan; Graduated Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City 11490, Taiwan.
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3
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Cherng JH, Lin CAJ, Liu CC, Yeh JZ, Fan GY, Tsai HD, Chung CF, Hsu SD. Hemostasis and Anti-Inflammatory Abilities of AuNPs-Coated Chitosan Dressing for Burn Wounds. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071089. [PMID: 35887586 PMCID: PMC9321560 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2022] [Revised: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Burn injuries are a common hazard in the military, as fire is likely to be weaponized. Thus, it is important to find an effective substance to accelerate burn wound healing. This study used chitosan and gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as wound dressings and investigated their effectiveness in femoral artery hemorrhage swine and rat burn models. Chitosan dressing has significant hemostatic properties compared with gauze. Histological results showed that burn wounds treated with chitosan or AuNP-coated chitosan dressings exhibited more cells and a continuous structure of the epidermis and dermis than those of the control and untreated lesion groups. Furthermore, both chitosan dressings have been shown to positively regulate the expression of genes- and cytokines/chemokines-related to the wound healing process; AuNP-coated chitosan significantly lessened severe sepsis and inflammation, balanced the activities of pro-fibrotic and anti-fibrotic ligands for tissue homeostasis, regulated angiogenesis, and inhibited apoptosis activity, thereby being beneficial for the burn microenvironment. Hence, chitosan alone or in combination with AuNPs represents a prospective therapeutic substance as a burn dressing which might be helpful for burn wound care. This study provides a novel hemostasis dressing for modern warfare that is simple to use by most medical and paramedical personnel handling for burn treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juin-Hong Cherng
- Graduate Institute of Life Sciences, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-An J. Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Engineering in Cancer, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320, Taiwan;
| | - Cheng-Che Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Graduate Institute of Physiology, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Jue-Zong Yeh
- Department of Pharmacy, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
| | - Gang-Yi Fan
- Department and Graduate Institute of Biology and Anatomy, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan;
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-D.T.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Hsin-Da Tsai
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-D.T.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Chun-Fang Chung
- Laboratory of Adult Stem Cell and Tissue Regeneration, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan; (H.-D.T.); (C.-F.C.)
| | - Sheng-Der Hsu
- Division of Traumatology, Department of Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 114, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
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Hou TY, Shao FY, Sun YT, Yang KS, Chang WH, Lin CAJ. From mono-PEGylation towards anti-nonspecific protein interaction: comparison of dihydrolipoic acid versus glutathione-capped fluorescent gold nanoclusters using gel electrophoresis. Nanoscale 2020; 12:17786-17794. [PMID: 32820774 DOI: 10.1039/d0nr03359f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ultrafine fluorescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) have emerged as biocompatible nanoprobes for biomedical imaging in vivo, and the precision surface chemistry of AuNCs is the key for attaining their clinical application. Comparison of two promising candidates for future nanomedicine, i.e. dihydrolipoic acid- versus glutathione-capped AuNCs (AuNC@DHLA vs. AuNC@GSH), was conducted for the first time to clarify their polyethylene glycol-related bioconjugate chemistry (PEGylation) and protein interactions. Gel electrophoresis was performed to separate the number of AuNCs PEGylation, and the molecular weight of the PEG spacer dominated the resolution of the separation in the gel. We have engineered and isolated the mono-PEGylated AuNCs either from the indirect carbodiimide bioconjugate chemistry or the direct Au-S binding. One-pot synthesis showed great efficiency for isolating mono-PEGylated AuNC@GSH from the tailored controlled aggregation of Au(i)-thiolate complexes on in situ generated Au(0) cores. Post-PEGylation of AuNC@GSH was also feasible using monodendate thiol-terminated PEG, but bidendate ligands of AuNC@DHLA exhibited low PEGylated efficiency by Au-S binding. In addition, mono-PEGylated AuNC@GSH significantly enhanced the ability of anti-nonspecific protein adsorption, but mono-PEGylated AuNC@DHLA cannot avoid the nonspecific binding with serum albumin. In addition, specific nano-assembly involving mono-biotinylated AuNCs with streptavidin were also compared using gel electrophoresis. These results provide key insights into the selection, preparation and design of functional AuNCs as nanoprobes for versatile biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzu-Yin Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan 320314, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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5
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Lin CC, Chang WHS, Cheng TM, Chiu LH, Wang YH, Lin CAJ, Ho YS, Zuo CS, Wang YM, Lai WFT. Two new, near-infrared, fluorescent probes as potential tools for imaging bone repair. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2580. [PMID: 32054952 PMCID: PMC7018698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59522-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A precise imaging technique to evaluate osteogenesis, osteodifferentiation, and osseointegration following peri-implant surgery is in high clinical demand. Herein, we report the generation of two new, near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probes for use in the molecular imaging of bone repair. The first probe aims to monitor the in vitro differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) into osteoblasts. A NIR fluorochrome was conjugated to a cyclic peptide that binds to integrin α5β1, a factor that promotes osteogenesis in MSCs and therefore functioned as an osteoblast-specific marker. The second probe aims to monitor osteogenesis, and was generated by conjugating the drug pamidronate to a NIR fluorescent gold nanocluster. Pamidronate specifically binds to hydroxyapatite (HA), a mineral present in bone that is produced by osteoblasts, and therefore provides a functional marker for new bone formation. Our results show that both probes bind to their specific targets in vitro-differentiated osteoblasts, and not to undifferentiated MSCs, and emit NIR fluorescence for functional detection. This in vitro work demonstrates the ability of these probes to bind to active osteoblasts and their mineral deposits and highlight their potential utility as clinical tools for the imaging of the osseointegration process at the molecular level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Chou Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Tsai-Mu Cheng
- Ph.D. Program for Translational Medicine, College of Medicine and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Li-Hsuan Chiu
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Research and Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University/Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Hsun Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
| | - Yuan-Soon Ho
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun S Zuo
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Yun-Ming Wang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Bioengineering, Center for Intelligent Drug Systems and Smart Bio-devices (IDS2B), National Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
| | - Wen-Fu Thomas Lai
- McLean Imaging Center, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA.
- Institute of Graduate Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Research and Department of Dentistry, Taipei Medical University/Shuang-Ho Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
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6
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Chao YC, Cheng KP, Lin CY, Chang YL, Ko YY, Hou TY, Huang CY, Chang WH, Lin CAJ. Publisher Correction: Non-Toxic Gold Nanoclusters for Solution-Processed White Light-Emitting Diodes. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7698. [PMID: 31097736 PMCID: PMC6522482 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43788-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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7
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Chao YC, Cheng KP, Lin CY, Chang YL, Ko YY, Hou TY, Huang CY, Chang WH, Lin CAJ. Non-Toxic Gold Nanoclusters for Solution-Processed White Light-Emitting Diodes. Sci Rep 2018; 8:8860. [PMID: 29891846 PMCID: PMC5995872 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-27201-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed optoelectronic devices are attractive because of the potential low-cost fabrication and the compatibility with flexible substrate. However, the utilization of toxic elements such as lead and cadmium in current optoelectronic devices on the basis of colloidal quantum dots raises environmental concerns. Here we demonstrate that white-light-emitting diodes can be achieved by utilizing non-toxic and environment-friendly gold nanoclusters. Yellow-light-emitting gold nanoclusters were synthesized and capped with trioctylphosphine. These gold nanoclusters were then blended with the blue-light-emitting organic host materials to form the emissive layer. A current efficiency of 0.13 cd/A was achieved. The Commission Internationale de l’Eclairage chromaticity coordinates of (0.27, 0.33) were obtained from our experimental analysis, which is quite close to the ideal pure white emission coordinates (0.33, 0.33). Potential applications include innovative lighting devices and monitor backlight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chiang Chao
- Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, 11677, Taiwan.
| | - Kai-Ping Cheng
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Yi Lin
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Li Chang
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Yun Ko
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Tzu-Yin Hou
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Walter H Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-An J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Center for Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, 32023, Taiwan.
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8
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Huang HY, Cai KB, Chang LY, Chen PW, Lin TN, Lin CAJ, Shen JL, Talite MJ, Chou WC, Yuan CT. Eco-friendly luminescent solar concentrators with low reabsorption losses and resistance to concentration quenching based on aqueous-solution-processed thiolate-gold nanoclusters. Nanotechnology 2017; 28:375702. [PMID: 28682300 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aa7e1f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Heavy-metal-containing quantum dots (QDs) with engineered electronic states have been served as luminophores in luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs) with impressive optical efficiency. Unfortunately, those QDs involve toxic elements and need to be synthesized in a hazardous solvent. Recently, biocompatible, eco-friendly gold nanoclusters (AuNCs), which can be directly synthesized in an aqueous solution, have gained much attention for promising applications in 'green photonics'. Here, we explored the solid-state photophysical properties of aqueous-solution-processed, glutathione-stabilized gold nanoclusters (GSH-AuNCs) with a ligand-to-metal charge-transfer (LMCT) state for developing 'green' LSCs. We found that such GSH-AuNCs exhibit a large Stokes shift with almost no spectral overlap between the optical absorption and PL emission due to the LMCT states, thus, suppressing reabsorption losses. Compared with GSH-AuNCs in solution, the photoluminescence quantum yields (PL-QYs) of the LSCs can be enhanced, accompanied with a lengthened PL lifetime owing to the suppression of non-radiative recombination rates. In addition, the LSCs do not suffer from severe concentration-induced PL quenching, which is a common weakness for conventional luminophores. As a result, a common trade-off between light-harvesting efficiency and solid-state PL-QYs can be bypassed due to nearly-zero spectral overlap integral between the optical absorption and PL emission. We expect that GSH-AuNCs hold great promise for serving as luminophores for 'green' LSCs by further enhancing solid-state PL-QYs.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Y Huang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Taoyuan, Taiwan
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9
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Talite MJA, Lin HT, Jiang ZC, Lin TN, Huang HY, Heredia E, Flores A, Chao YC, Shen JL, Lin CAJ, Yuan CT. Solid-state, ambient-operation thermally activated delayed fluorescence from flexible, non-toxic gold-nanocluster thin films: towards the development of biocompatible light-emitting devices. Nanotechnology 2016; 27:345701. [PMID: 27405350 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/34/345701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Luminescent gold nanoclusters (AuNCs) with good biocompatibility have gained much attention in bio-photonics. In addition, they also exhibit a unique photo-physical property, namely thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF), by which both singlet and triplet excitons can be harvested. The combination of their non-toxic material property and unique TADF behavior makes AuNCs biocompatible nano-emitters for bio-related light-emitting devices. Unfortunately, the TADF emission is quenched when colloidal AuNCs are transferred to solid states under ambient environment. Here, a facile, low-cost and effective method was used to generate efficient and stable TADF emissions from solid AuNCs under ambient environment using polyvinyl alcohol as a solid matrix. To unravel the underlying mechanism, temperature-dependent static and transient photoluminescence measurements were performed and we found that two factors are crucial for solid TADF emission: small energy splitting between singlet and triplet states and the stabilization of the triplet states. Solid TADF films were also deposited on the flexible plastic substrate with patterned structures, thus mitigating the waveguide-mode losses. In addition, we also demonstrated that warm white light can be generated based on a co-doped single emissive layer, consisting of non-toxic, solution-processed TADF AuNCs and fluorescent carbon dots under UV excitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J A Talite
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, Taiwan
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10
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Jiang ZC, Lin TN, Lin HT, Talite MJ, Tzeng TT, Hsu CL, Chiu KP, Lin CAJ, Shen JL, Yuan CT. A Facile and Low-Cost Method to Enhance the Internal Quantum Yield and External Light-Extraction Efficiency for Flexible Light-Emitting Carbon-Dot Films. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19991. [PMID: 26822337 PMCID: PMC4731801 DOI: 10.1038/srep19991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Solution-processed, non-toxic carbon dots (CDs) have attracted much attention due to their unique photoluminescence (PL) properties. They are promising emissive layers for flexible light-emitting devices. To this end, the CDs in pristine aqueous solutions need to be transferred to form solid-state thin films without sacrificing their original PL characteristics. Unfortunately, solid-state PL quenching induced by extra non-radiative (NR) energy transfer among CDs would significantly hinder their practical applications in optoelectronics. Here, a facile, low-cost and effective method has been utilized to fabricate high-performance CD/polymer light-emitting flexible films with submicron-structured patterns. The patterned polymers can serve as a solid matrix to disperse and passivate CDs, thus achieving high internal quantum yields of 61%. In addition, they can act as an out-coupler to mitigate the waveguide-mode losses, approximately doubling the external light-extraction efficiency. Such CD/polymer composites also exhibit good photo-stability, and thus can be used as eco-friendly, low-cost phosphors for solid-state lighting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z C Jiang
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - T N Lin
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - H T Lin
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - M J Talite
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - T T Tzeng
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - C L Hsu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - K P Chiu
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - C A J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - J L Shen
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
| | - C T Yuan
- Department of Physics, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li, 320, Taiwan
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11
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Abstract
Precisely controlling microbubble size is critical for medical ultrasound imaging, where large microbubble contrast agents may lead to pulmonary microvascular embolization. Here we introduced a method of preparing uniform microbubbles for ultrasound images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Ying Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Republic of China
- Center for Biomedical Technology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Cheng-An J. Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Republic of China
- Center for Biomedical Technology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Walter H. Chang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering
- Chung Yuan Christian University
- Republic of China
- Center for Biomedical Technology
- Chung Yuan Christian University
| | - Chih-Kuang Yeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Environmental Sciences
- National Tsing Hua University
- Republic of China
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12
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Lin TN, Chih KH, Yuan CT, Shen JL, Lin CAJ, Liu WR. Laser-ablation production of graphene oxide nanostructures: from ribbons to quantum dots. Nanoscale 2015; 7:2708-15. [PMID: 25583066 DOI: 10.1039/c4nr05737f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A new one-step method for the preparation of graphene oxide (GO) nanostructures has been developed by pulsed laser ablation in GO solution. The formation of different shapes of GO nanostructures, such as ribbons, nanoflakes (including nano-squares, nano-rectangles, nano-triangles, nano-hexagons, and nano-disks) and quantum dots, has been demonstrated by scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Photoreduction for the GO occurred during irradiation by the pulsed laser. The GO quantum dots exhibit a blue photoluminescence, originating from recombination of the localized carriers in the zigzag-edge states.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Lin
- Physics Department, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan.
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13
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Lin TN, Huang LT, Shu GW, Yuan CT, Shen JL, Lin CAJ, Chang WH, Chiu CH, Lin DW, Lin CC, Kuo HC. Distance dependence of energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to graphene oxide. Opt Lett 2013; 38:2897-2899. [PMID: 23903173 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.002897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We report the distance-dependent energy transfer from an InGaN quantum well to graphene oxide (GO) by time-resolved photoluminescence (PL). A pronounced shortening of the PL decay time in the InGaN quantum well was observed when interacting with GO. The nature of the energy-transfer process has been analyzed, and we find the energy-transfer efficiency depends on the 1/d² separation distance, which is dominated by the layer-to-layer dipole coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Lin
- Department of Physics and Institute of Biomedical Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Chan WH, Houng WL, Lin CAJ, Lee CH, Li PW, Hsieh JT, Shen JL, Yeh HI, Chang WH. Impact of dihydrolipoic acid on mouse embryonic stem cells and related regulatory mechanisms. Environ Toxicol 2013; 28:87-97. [PMID: 21462292 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2010] [Revised: 01/03/2011] [Accepted: 01/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
α-Lipoic acid (LA) is a thiol with antioxidant properties that protects against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis. LA is absorbed from the diet, taken up by cells and tissues, and subsequently reduced to dihydrolipoic acid (DHLA). Recently, DHLA has been used as the hydrophilic nanomaterial preparations, and therefore, determination of its bio-safety profile is essential. In this article, we show that DHLA (50-100 μM) induces apoptotic processes in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESC-B5), but exerts no injury effects at treatment dosages below 50 μM. Higher concentrations of DHLA (50-100 μM) directly increased the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in ESC-B5 cells, along with a significant increase in cytoplasmic free calcium and nitric oxide (NO) levels, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), activation of caspases-9 and -3, and cell death. Pretreatment with NO scavengers suppressed the apoptotic biochemical changes induced by 100 μM DHLA and promoted the gene expression levels of p53 and p21 involved in apoptotic signaling. Our results collectively indicate that DHLA at concentrations of 50-100 μM triggers apoptosis of ESC-B5 cells, which involves both ROS and NO. Importantly, at doses of less than 50 μM (0-25 μM), DHLA does not exert hazardous effects on ESC-B5 cell properties, including viability, development and differentiation. These results provide important information in terms of dosage safety and biocompatibility of DHLA to facilitate its further use as a precursor for biomaterial preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hsiung Chan
- Department of Bioscience Technology, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung Li 32023, Taiwan
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15
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Lin CAJ, Chuang WK, Huang ZY, Kang ST, Chang CY, Chen CT, Li JL, Li JK, Wang HH, Kung FC, Shen JL, Chan WH, Yeh CK, Yeh HI, Lai WFT, Chang WH. Rapid transformation of protein-caged nanomaterials into microbubbles as bimodal imaging agents. ACS Nano 2012; 6:5111-5121. [PMID: 22607131 DOI: 10.1021/nn300768d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We present a general method for converting colloidal nanomaterials into microbubbles as ultrasound contrast agents. Protein-caged nanomaterials, made either by self-assembled nanoparticles' protein corona or by fluorescent gold nanoclusters, can be rapidly transformed into microbubbles via a sonochemical route, which promote disulfide cross-linking of cysteine residues between protein-caged nanomaterials and free albumin during acoustic cavitation. The proposed methods yielded microbubbles with multiple functions by adjusting the original nanoparticle/protein mixture. We also showed a new dual-modal imaging agent of fluorescent gold microbubbles in vitro and in vivo, which can hold many potential applications in medical diagnostics and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-An J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan.
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Wang HH, Lin CAJ, Lee CH, Lin YC, Tseng YM, Hsieh CL, Chen CH, Tsai CH, Hsieh CT, Shen JL, Chan WH, Chang WH, Yeh HI. Fluorescent gold nanoclusters as a biocompatible marker for in vitro and in vivo tracking of endothelial cells. ACS Nano 2011; 5:4337-44. [PMID: 21608984 DOI: 10.1021/nn102752a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
We have been investigating the fluorescent property and biocompatibility of novel fluorescent gold nanoclusters (FANC) in human aortic endothelial cells (HAEC) and endothelial progenitor cells (EPC). FANC (50-1000 nmol/L) was delivered into cells via the liposome complex. The fluorescence lasted for at least 28 days with a half-life of 9 days in vitro. Examination of 12 transcripts regulating the essential function of endothelial cells after a 72 h delivery showed that only the vascular cell adhesion molecule 1 and the vascular endothelial cadherin were down-regulated at high concentration (500 nmol/L). In addition, no activation of caspase 3 or proliferating cell nuclear antigens was detected. 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5- diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay demonstrated that, unlike the markedly suppressed viability in cells treated with quantum dots, FANC had minimal effect on the viability, unless above 500 nmol/L, at which level a minor reduction of viability mainly caused by liposome was found. Tube formation assay showed no impaired angiogenesis in the EPC treated with FANC. In vivo study using hindlimb ischemic mice with an intramuscular injection of FANC-labeled human EPC showed that the cells preserved an angiogenic potential and exhibited traceable signals after 21 days. These findings demonstrated that FANC is a promising biocompatible fluorescent probe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsueh-Hsiao Wang
- Departments of Medical Research and Internal Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
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Shu GW, Lin CC, Lin HT, Lin TN, Shen JL, Chiu CH, Li ZY, Kuo HC, Lin CC, Wang SC, Lin CAJ, Chang WH. Energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to Au nanoclusters via optical waveguiding. Opt Express 2011; 19 Suppl 2:A194-A200. [PMID: 21445220 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.00a194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present the first observation of resonance energy transfer from InGaN quantum wells to Au nanoclusters via optical waveguiding. Steady-state and time-resolved photoluminescence measurements provide conclusive evidence of resonance energy transfer and obtain an optimum transfer efficiency of ~72%. A set of rate equations is successfully used to model the kinetics of resonance energy transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- G W Shu
- Department of Physics and Center for Nanotechnology at CYCU, Chung Yuan Christian University, 32023 Chung-Li, Taiwan
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Hsieh MF, Li JKJ, Lin CAJ, Huang SH, Sperling RA, Parak WJ, Chang WH. Tracking of cellular uptake of hydrophilic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots/hydroxyapatite composites nanoparticles in MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:2758-2762. [PMID: 19438032 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the fluorescent labeling of osteoblast cells using the biocompatible hydroxyapatite (HA) grown with nucleating seed of hydrophilic CdSe/ZnS quantum dots (QDs) allowing the real-time observation of cell under confocal microscope. We found that the MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells can engulf HA with surface-tailored QDs showing fluorescent spots in the cytoplasm, while HA and QDs nanoparticles were not engulfed. It is interesting to see that the fluorescence was only displayed in the cytoplasm of MC3T3-E1 osteoblast cells. It can be envisioned that the nano-sized hydroxyapatite bearing fluorescent QD can only be internalized in the cytoplasm. Therefore, it is worth utilizing these composite particles to observe cellular physiology with minimal toxicity to the osteoblast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Fa Hsieh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, R&D Center for Membrane Technology and Center for Nano Bioengineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Lin CAJ, Yang TY, Lee CH, Huang SH, Sperling RA, Zanella M, Li JK, Shen JL, Wang HH, Yeh HI, Parak WJ, Chang WH. Synthesis, characterization, and bioconjugation of fluorescent gold nanoclusters toward biological labeling applications. ACS Nano 2009; 3:395-401. [PMID: 19236077 DOI: 10.1021/nn800632j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Synthesis of ultrasmall water-soluble fluorescent gold nanoclusters is reported. The clusters have a decent quantum yield, high colloidal stability, and can be readily conjugated with biological molecules. Specific staining of cells and nonspecific uptake by living cells is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-An J Lin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, Chung-Li 32023, Taiwan, ROC
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Lin CAJ, Sperling RA, Li JK, Yang TY, Li PY, Zanella M, Chang WH, Parak WJ. Design of an amphiphilic polymer for nanoparticle coating and functionalization. Small 2008; 4:334-41. [PMID: 18273855 DOI: 10.1002/smll.200700654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-An J Lin
- Center for NanoScience, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Lin CAJ, Liedl T, Sperling RA, Fernández-Argüelles MT, Costa-Fernández JM, Pereiro R, Sanz-Medel A, Chang WH, Parak WJ. Bioanalytics and biolabeling with semiconductor nanoparticles (quantum dots). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1039/b618902d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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