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Yang L, Wang X, Zheng JX, Xu ZR, Li LC, Xiong YL, Zhou BC, Gao J, Xu CR. Determination of key events in mouse hepatocyte maturation at the single-cell level. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1996-2010.e6. [PMID: 37557173 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocytes, the liver's predominant cells, perform numerous essential biological functions. However, crucial events and regulators during hepatocyte maturation require in-depth investigation. In this study, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) to explore the precise hepatocyte development process in mice. We defined three maturation stages of postnatal hepatocytes, each of which establishes specific metabolic functions and exhibits distinct proliferation rates. Hepatic zonation is gradually formed during hepatocyte maturation. Hepatocytes or their nuclei with distinct ploidies exhibit zonation preferences in distribution and asynchrony in maturation. Moreover, by combining gene regulatory network analysis with in vivo genetic manipulation, we identified critical maturation- and zonation-related transcription factors. This study not only delineates the comprehensive transcriptomic profiles of hepatocyte maturation but also presents a paradigm to identify genes that function in the development of hepatocyte maturation and zonation by combining genetic manipulation and measurement of coordinates in a single-cell developmental trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jia-Xi Zheng
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Zi-Ran Xu
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Yu-Long Xiong
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jie Gao
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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2
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Yang L, Wang X, Yu XX, Yang L, Zhou BC, Yang J, Xu CR. The default and directed pathways of hepatoblast differentiation involve distinct epigenomic mechanisms. Dev Cell 2023; 58:1688-1700.e6. [PMID: 37490911 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of multiomics analyses in defining cell differentiation pathways during development is ambiguous. During liver development, hepatoblasts follow a default or directed pathway to differentiate into hepatocytes or cholangiocytes, respectively, and this provides a practical model to address this issue. Our study discovered that promoter-associated histone modifications and chromatin accessibility dynamics, rather than enhancer-associated histone modifications, effectively delineated the "default vs. directed" process of hepatoblast differentiation. Histone H3K27me3 on bivalent promoters is associated with this asymmetric differentiation strategy in mice and humans. We demonstrated that Ezh2 and Jmjd3 exert opposing regulatory roles in hepatoblast-cholangiocyte differentiation. Additionally, active enhancers, regulated by P300, correlate with the development of both hepatocytes and cholangiocytes. This research proposes a model highlighting the division of labor between promoters and enhancers, with promoter-associated chromatin modifications governing the "default vs. directed" differentiation mode of hepatoblasts, whereas enhancer-associated modifications primarily dictate the progressive development processes of hepatobiliary lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lu Yang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Bi-Chen Zhou
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; School of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; State Key Laboratory of Female Fertility Promotion, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China.
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3
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Jiang H, Bai L, Song S, Yin Q, Shi A, Zhou B, Lian H, Chen H, Xu CR, Wang Y, Nie Y, Hu S. EZH2 controls epicardial cell migration during heart development. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201765. [PMID: 37037595 PMCID: PMC10087097 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Revised: 03/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is an important transcriptional regulator in development that catalyzes H3K27me3. The role of EZH2 in epicardial development is still unknown. In this study, we show that EZH2 is expressed in epicardial cells during both human and mouse heart development. Ezh2 epicardial deletion resulted in impaired epicardial cell migration, myocardial hypoplasia, and defective coronary plexus development, leading to embryonic lethality. By using RNA sequencing, we identified that EZH2 controls the transcription of tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 3 (TIMP3) in epicardial cells during heart development. Loss-of-function studies revealed that EZH2 promotes epicardial cell migration by suppressing TIMP3 expression. We also found that epicardial Ezh2 deficiency-induced TIMP3 up-regulation leads to extracellular matrix reconstruction in the embryonic myocardium by mass spectrometry. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that EZH2 is required for epicardial cell migration because it blocks Timp3 transcription, which is vital for heart development. Our study provides new insight into the function of EZH2 in cell migration and epicardial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haobin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Shen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Qianqian Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Anteng Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Lian
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Houzao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences; Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchun Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Nie
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Regenerative Medicine, Fuwai Central-China Hospital, Central-China Branch of National Center for Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shengshou Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease, Fuwai Hospital, National Center for Cardiovascular Disease, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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4
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Lu YH, Lu QY, Yan ZY, Xu CR. [Research and exploration of salivary biological markers for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma]. Zhonghua Gan Zang Bing Za Zhi 2023; 31:495-503. [PMID: 37365026 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn501113-20230210-00047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To study using isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantitative proteomics methodologies to screen for salivary biological markers as a simple, non-invasive tool for identifying hepatitis B-related HCC at an early stage. Methods: Saliva samples were collected to extract salivary proteins. Isotope-labeled relative and absolute quantitative proteomics were used to analyze the differentially expressed proteins between the hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and non-HCC groups. Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to verify differential proteins and identify markers in liver cancer tissues and saliva. Statistical analysis was used to analyze the diagnostic efficiency of salivary biomarkers. Results: 152 differentially expressed salivary proteins were screened out between the HCC and non-HCC groups. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays validated that the expressions of α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 (ORM1) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) were significantly increased in HCC (P < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between salivary AFP and serum AFP (P < 0.05). HCC was diagnosed when salivary α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 combined with AFP. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.8726 (95% confidence interval: 0.8104 ~ 0.9347), the sensitivity was 78.3%, and the specificity was 88%. Conclusion: Salivary AFP and α-1-acid glycoprotein 1 can serve as potential biomarkers for hepatitis B-related hepatocellular carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of People's Liberation Army, the 909th flospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Q Y Lu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of People's Liberation Army, the 909th flospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - Z Y Yan
- Department of Infectious Diseases of People's Liberation Army, the 909th flospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
| | - C R Xu
- Department of Infectious Diseases of People's Liberation Army, the 909th flospital, Dongnan Hospital of Xiamen University, Zhangzhou 363000, China
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5
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Gao S, Shi Q, Zhang Y, Liang G, Kang Z, Huang B, Ma D, Wang L, Jiao J, Fang X, Xu CR, Liu L, Xu X, Göttgens B, Li C, Liu F. Identification of HSC/MPP expansion units in fetal liver by single-cell spatiotemporal transcriptomics. Cell Res 2022; 32:38-53. [PMID: 34341490 PMCID: PMC8724330 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-021-00540-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited knowledge of cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying hematopoietic stem cell and multipotent progenitor (HSC/MPP) expansion within their native niche has impeded the application of stem cell-based therapies for hematological malignancies. Here, we constructed a spatiotemporal transcriptome map of mouse fetal liver (FL) as a platform for hypothesis generation and subsequent experimental validation of novel regulatory mechanisms. Single-cell transcriptomics revealed three transcriptionally heterogeneous HSC/MPP subsets, among which a CD93-enriched subset exhibited enhanced stem cell properties. Moreover, by employing integrative analysis of single-cell and spatial transcriptomics, we identified novel HSC/MPP 'pocket-like' units (HSC PLUS), composed of niche cells (hepatoblasts, stromal cells, endothelial cells, and macrophages) and enriched with growth factors. Unexpectedly, macrophages showed an 11-fold enrichment in the HSC PLUS. Functionally, macrophage-HSC/MPP co-culture assay and candidate molecule testing, respectively, validated the supportive role of macrophages and growth factors (MDK, PTN, and IGFBP5) in HSC/MPP expansion. Finally, cross-species analysis and functional validation showed conserved cell-cell interactions and expansion mechanisms but divergent transcriptome signatures between mouse and human FL HSCs/MPPs. Taken together, these results provide an essential resource for understanding HSC/MPP development in FL, and novel insight into functional HSC/MPP expansion ex vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suwei Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Shi
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guixian Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhixin Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baofeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dongyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Jianwei Jiao
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xiangdong Fang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Genome Science & Information, Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Genome and Precision Medicine Technologies, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Longqi Liu
- BGI-ShenZhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xun Xu
- BGI-ShenZhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Genome Read and Write, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Berthold Göttgens
- Department of Haematology, Wellcome-Medical Research Council Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cheng Li
- School of Life Sciences, Center for Bioinformatics, Center for Statistical Science, Peking University, Beijing, China.
| | - Feng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.
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6
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Choi JP, Yang X, He S, Song R, Xu ZR, Foley M, Wong JJL, Xu CR, Zheng X. CCM2L (Cerebral Cavernous Malformation 2 Like) Deletion Aggravates Cerebral Cavernous Malformation Through Map3k3-KLF Signaling Pathway. Stroke 2021; 52:1428-1436. [PMID: 33657857 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.120.031523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaesung P Choi
- Lab of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School (J.P.C., X.Z.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Centre for Inflammation, Centenary Institute, School of Life Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, NSW, Australia (J.P.C.)
| | - Xi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China (X.Y., X.Z.)
| | - Shuang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China (S.H., Z.-R.X., C.-R.X.)
| | - Renhua Song
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School (R.S., J.J.-L.W.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zi-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China (S.H., Z.-R.X., C.-R.X.)
| | - Matthew Foley
- Australian Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (M.F.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Justin J-L Wong
- Epigenetics and RNA Biology Program Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School (R.S., J.J.-L.W.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China (S.H., Z.-R.X., C.-R.X.)
| | - Xiangjian Zheng
- Lab of Cardiovascular Signaling, Centenary Institute, Sydney Medical School (J.P.C., X.Z.), University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, China (X.Y., X.Z.)
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7
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Feng S, Wu J, Qiu WL, Yang L, Deng X, Zhou Y, Chen Y, Li X, Yu L, Li H, Xu ZR, Xiao Y, Ren X, Zhang L, Wang C, Sun Z, Wang J, Ding X, Chen Y, Gadue P, Pan G, Ogawa M, Ogawa S, Na J, Zhang P, Hui L, Yin H, Chen L, Xu CR, Cheng X. Large-scale Generation of Functional and Transplantable Hepatocytes and Cholangiocytes from Human Endoderm Stem Cells. Cell Rep 2020; 33:108455. [PMID: 33296648 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The ever-increasing therapeutic and pharmaceutical demand for liver cells calls for systems that enable mass production of hepatic cells. Here we describe a large-scale suspension system that uses human endoderm stem cells (hEnSCs) as precursors to generate functional and transplantable hepatocytes (E-heps) or cholangiocytes (E-chos). hEnSC-derived hepatic populations are characterized by single-cell transcriptomic analyses and compared with hESC-derived counterparts, in-vitro-maintained or -expanded primary hepatocytes and adult cells, which reveals that hepatic differentiation of hEnSCs recapitulates in vivo development and that the heterogeneities of the resultant populations can be manipulated by regulating the EGF and MAPK signaling pathways. Functional assessments demonstrate that E-heps and E-chos possess properties comparable with adult counterparts and that, when transplanted intraperitoneally, encapsulated E-heps were able to rescue rats with acute liver failure. Our study lays the foundation for cell-based therapeutic agents and in vitro applications for liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sisi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Jiaying Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10087, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10087, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaogang Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Yabin Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Yu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion of the Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hongsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Zi-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10087, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yini Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Xiongzhao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Ludi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Chenhua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Sun
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jinglin Wang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Drum Tower Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing 21008, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Yuelei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guoyu Pan
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation and Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Mina Ogawa
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Shinichiro Ogawa
- McEwen Centre for Regenerative Medicine, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Toronto General Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jie Na
- Center for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Peilin Zhang
- International Cooperation Laboratory on Signal Transduction, Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Institute/Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Luonan Chen
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China; Key Laboratory of Systems Biology, Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200031, China; Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650223, China.
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 10087, China.
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 200031 Shanghai, China.
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8
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Wang X, Yang L, Wang YC, Xu ZR, Feng Y, Zhang J, Wang Y, Xu CR. Comparative analysis of cell lineage differentiation during hepatogenesis in humans and mice at the single-cell transcriptome level. Cell Res 2020; 30:1109-1126. [PMID: 32690901 PMCID: PMC7784864 DOI: 10.1038/s41422-020-0378-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
During embryogenesis, the liver is the site of hepatogenesis and hematopoiesis and contains many cell lineages derived from the endoderm and mesoderm. However, the characteristics and developmental programs of many of these cell lineages remain unclear, especially in humans. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing of whole human and mouse fetal livers throughout development. We identified four cell lineage families of endoderm-derived, erythroid, non-erythroid hematopoietic, and mesoderm-derived non-hematopoietic cells, and defined the developmental pathways of the major cell lineage families. In both humans and mice, we identified novel markers of hepatic lineages and an ID3+ subpopulation of hepatoblasts as well as verified that hepatoblast differentiation follows the “default-directed” model. Additionally, we found that human but not mouse fetal hepatocytes display heterogeneity associated with expression of metabolism-related genes. We described the developmental process of erythroid progenitor cells during human and mouse hematopoiesis. Moreover, despite the general conservation of cell differentiation programs between species, we observed different cell lineage compositions during hematopoiesis in the human and mouse fetal livers. Taken together, these results reveal the dynamic cell landscape of fetal liver development and illustrate the similarities and differences in liver development between species, providing an extensive resource for inducing various liver cell lineages in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Zi-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Department of Human Anatomy, Histology, and Embryology, and School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University Health Science Center, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China.
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9
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Yu XX, Xu CR. Understanding generation and regeneration of pancreatic β cells from a single-cell perspective. Development 2020; 147:147/7/dev179051. [PMID: 32280064 DOI: 10.1242/dev.179051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the mechanisms that underlie the generation and regeneration of β cells is crucial for developing treatments for diabetes. However, traditional research methods, which are based on populations of cells, have limitations for defining the precise processes of β-cell differentiation and trans-differentiation, and the associated regulatory mechanisms. The recent development of single-cell technologies has enabled re-examination of these processes at a single-cell resolution to uncover intermediate cell states, cellular heterogeneity and molecular trajectories of cell fate specification. Here, we review recent advances in understanding β-cell generation and regeneration, in vivo and in vitro, from single-cell technologies, which could provide insights for optimization of diabetes therapy strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
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10
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Feng Y, Qiu WL, Yu XX, Zhang Y, He MY, Li LC, Yang L, Zhang W, Franti M, Ye J, Hoeck JD, Xu CR. Characterizing pancreatic β-cell heterogeneity in the streptozotocin model by single-cell transcriptomic analysis. Mol Metab 2020; 37:100982. [PMID: 32247924 PMCID: PMC7184252 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.100982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The streptozotocin (STZ) model is widely used in diabetes research. However, the cellular and molecular states of pancreatic endocrine cells in this model remain unclear. This study explored the molecular characteristics of islet cells treated with STZ and re-evaluated β-cell dysfunction and regeneration in the STZ model. Methods We performed single-cell RNA sequencing of pancreatic endocrine cells from STZ-treated mice. High-quality sequencing data from 2,999 cells were used to identify clusters via Louvain clustering analysis. Principal component analysis (PCA), t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE), uniform manifold approximation and projection (UMAP), force-directed layout (FDL), and differential expression analysis were used to define the heterogeneity and transcriptomic changes in islet cells. In addition, qPCR and immunofluorescence staining were used to confirm findings from the sequencing data. Results Untreated β-cells were divided into two populations at the transcriptomic level, a large high-Glut2 expression (Glut2high) population and a small low-Glut2 expression (Glut2low) population. At the transcriptomic level, Glut2low β-cells in adult mice did not represent a developmentally immature state, although a fraction of genes associated with β-cell maturation and function were downregulated in Glut2low cells. After a single high-dose STZ treatment, most Glut2high cells were killed, but Glut2low cells survived and over time changed to a distinct cell state. We did not observe conversion of Glut2low to Glut2high β-cells up to 9 months after STZ treatment. In addition, we did not detect transcriptomic changes in the non-β endocrine cells or a direct trans-differentiation pathway from the α-cell lineage to the β-cell lineage in the STZ model. Conclusions We identified the heterogeneity of β-cells in both physiological and pathological conditions. However, we did not observe conversion of Glut2low to Glut2high β-cells, transcriptomic changes in the non-β endocrine cells, or direct trans-differentiation from the α-cell lineage to the β-cell lineage in the STZ model. Our results clearly define the states of islet cells treated with STZ and allow us to re-evaluate the STZ model widely used in diabetes studies. β-cells show heterogeneity in both physiological and pathological conditions. Glut2low β-cells survive from high dose of STZ, but over time change to a distinct cell state. The expression profiles of non-β endocrine cells rarely change in the STZ model. Glut2low β-cells do not represent a developmentally immature state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ye Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, China
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Yang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyi Zhang
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Beijing, China
| | - Michael Franti
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA
| | - Junqing Ye
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim (China) Investment Co., Beijing, China.
| | - Joerg D Hoeck
- Department of Research Beyond Borders, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharmaceuticals, Ridgefield, CT, USA.
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China.
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11
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Li YS, Jiang BY, Yang JJ, Zhang XC, Zhang Z, Ye JY, Zhong WZ, Tu HY, Chen HJ, Wang Z, Xu CR, Wang BC, Du HJ, Chuai S, Han-Zhang H, Su J, Zhou Q, Yang XN, Guo WB, Yan HH, Liu YH, Yan LX, Huang B, Zheng MM, Wu YL. Unique genetic profiles from cerebrospinal fluid cell-free DNA in leptomeningeal metastases of EGFR-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer: a new medium of liquid biopsy. Ann Oncol 2019; 29:945-952. [PMID: 29346604 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdy009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Leptomeningeal metastases (LM) are more frequent in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutations. Due to limited access to leptomeningeal lesions, the purpose of this study was to explore the potential role of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) as a source of liquid biopsy in patients with LM. Patients and methods Primary tumor, CSF, and plasma in NSCLC with LM were tested by next-generation sequencing. In total, 45 patients with suspected LM underwent lumbar puncture, and those with EGFR mutations diagnosed with LM were enrolled. Results A total of 28 patients were enrolled in this cohort; CSF and plasma were available in 26 patients, respectively. Driver genes were detected in 100% (26/26), 84.6% (22/26), and 73.1% (19/26) of samples comprising CSF cell-free DNA (cfDNA), CSF precipitates, and plasma, respectively; 92.3% (24/26) of patients had much higher allele fractions in CSF cfDNA than the other two media. Unique genetic profiles were captured in CSF cfDNA compared with those in plasma and primary tissue. Multiple copy number variations (CNVs) were mainly identified in CSF cfDNA, and MET copy number gain identified in 47.8% (11/23) of patients was the most frequent one, while other CNVs included ERBB2, KRAS, ALK, and MYC. Moreover, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of TP53 was identified in 73.1% (19/26) CSF cfDNA, which was much higher than that in plasma (2/26, 7.7%; P < 0.001). There was a trend towards a higher frequency of concomitant resistance mutations in patients with TP53 LOH than those without (70.6% versus 33.3%; P = 0.162). EGFR T790M was identified in CSF cfDNA of 30.4% (7/23) of patients who experienced TKI progression. Conclusion CSF cfDNA could reveal the unique genetic profiles of LM and should be considered as the most representative liquid biopsy medium for LM in EGFR-mutant NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Y Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J J Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X C Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Zhang
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Y Ye
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Z Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Y Tu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H J Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C R Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B C Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H J Du
- Department of Pulmonology, General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Command, Guangzhou, China
| | - S Chuai
- Burning Rock Biotech, Guangzhou, China
| | | | - J Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X N Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - W B Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H H Yan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y H Liu
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - L X Yan
- Department of Pathology, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Huang
- Department of Radiology, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - M M Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine in Lung Cance, Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China.
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12
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Yu XX, Qiu WL, Yang L, Zhang Y, He MY, Li LC, Xu CR. Defining multistep cell fate decision pathways during pancreatic development at single-cell resolution. EMBO J 2019; 38:e100164. [PMID: 30737258 PMCID: PMC6463266 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2018100164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The generation of terminally differentiated cell lineages during organogenesis requires multiple, coordinated cell fate choice steps. However, this process has not been clearly delineated, especially in complex solid organs such as the pancreas. Here, we performed single-cell RNA-sequencing in pancreatic cells sorted from multiple genetically modified reporter mouse strains at embryonic stages E9.5-E17.5. We deciphered the developmental trajectories and regulatory strategies of the exocrine and endocrine pancreatic lineages as well as intermediate progenitor populations along the developmental pathways. Notably, we discovered previously undefined programs representing the earliest events in islet α- and β-cell lineage allocation as well as the developmental pathway of the "first wave" of α-cell generation. Furthermore, we demonstrated that repressing ERK pathway activity is essential for inducing both α- and β-lineage differentiation. This study provides key insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying cell fate choice and stepwise cell fate commitment and can be used as a resource to guide the induction of functional islet lineage cells from stem cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Mao-Yang He
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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13
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Abstract
Pancreatic endocrine cells, which are clustered in islets, regulate blood glucose stability and energy metabolism. The distinct cell types in islets, including insulin-secreting β cells, are differentiated from common endocrine progenitors during the embryonic stage. Immature endocrine cells expand via cell proliferation and mature during a long postnatal developmental period. However, the mechanisms underlying these processes are not clearly defined. Single-cell RNA-sequencing is a promising approach for the characterization of distinct cell populations and tracing cell lineage differentiation pathways. Here, we describe a method for the single-cell RNA-sequencing of isolated pancreatic β cells from embryonic, neonatal and postnatal pancreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chen Li
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Xin-Xin Yu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University
| | - Ye Feng
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University;
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14
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Yang L, Li LC, Wang X, Wang WH, Wang YC, Xu CR. The contributions of mesoderm-derived cells in liver development. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 92:63-76. [PMID: 30193996 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The liver is an indispensable organ for metabolism and drug detoxification. The liver consists of endoderm-derived hepatobiliary lineages and various mesoderm-derived cells, and interacts with the surrounding tissues and organs through the ventral mesentery. Liver development, from hepatic specification to liver maturation, requires close interactions with mesoderm-derived cells, such as mesothelial cells, hepatic stellate cells, mesenchymal cells, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hematopoietic cells. These cells affect liver development through precise signaling events and even direct physical contact. Through the use of new techniques, emerging studies have recently led to a deeper understanding of liver development and its related mechanisms, especially the roles of mesodermal cells in liver development. Based on these developments, the current protocols for in vitro hepatocyte-like cell induction and liver-like tissue construction have been optimized and are of great importance for the treatment of liver diseases. Here, we review the roles of mesoderm-derived cells in the processes of liver development, hepatocyte-like cell induction and liver-like tissue construction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Yan-Chun Wang
- Haidian Maternal & Child Health Hospital, Beijing, 100080, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, China.
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15
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Li LC, Qiu WL, Zhang YW, Xu ZR, Xiao YN, Hou C, Lamaoqiezhong, Yu P, Cheng X, Xu CR. Single-cell transcriptomic analyses reveal distinct dorsal/ventral pancreatic programs. EMBO Rep 2018; 19:embr.201846148. [PMID: 30065074 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201846148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The pancreas of vertebrates is separately derived from both the dorsal and ventral endodermal domains. However, the difference between these two programs has been unclear. Here, using a pancreatic determination gene, Pdx1, driven GFP transgenic mouse strain, we identified Pdx1-GFP highly expressing cells (Pdx1high) and Pdx1-GFP lowly expressing cells (Pdx1low) in both embryonic dorsal Pdx1-expressing region (DPR) and ventral Pdx1-expressing region (VPR). We analyzed the transcriptomes of single Pdx1low and Pdx1high cells from the DPR and VPR. In the VPR, Pdx1low cells have an intermediate progenitor identity and can generate hepatoblasts, extrahepatobiliary cells, and Pdx1high pancreatic progenitor cells. In the DPR, Pdx1high cells are directly specified as pancreatic progenitors, whereas Pdx1low cells are precocious endocrine cells. Therefore, our study defines distinct road maps for dorsal and ventral pancreatic progenitor specification. The findings provide guidance for optimization of current β-cell induction protocols by following the in vivo dorsal pancreatic specification program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zi-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China.,PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi-Ni Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Caiying Hou
- General Hospital of PLA Rocket Force, Beijing, China
| | - Lamaoqiezhong
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Beijing, China
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16
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Yu XX, Qiu WL, Yang L, Li LC, Zhang YW, Xu CR. Dynamics of chromatin marks and the role of JMJD3 during pancreatic endocrine cell fate commitment. Development 2018; 145:145/6/dev163162. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.163162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 02/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Pancreatic endocrine lineages are derived from pancreatic progenitors that undergo a cell fate transition requiring a switch from low to high Ngn3 expression. However, the underlying chromatin regulatory mechanisms are unclear. Here, we performed epigenomic analysis of gene regulatory loci featuring histone marks in cells with low or high level of Ngn3 expression. In combination with transcriptomic analysis, we discovered that in Ngn3-high cells, the removal of H3K27me3 was associated with the activation of key transcription factors and the establishment of primed and active enhancers. Deletion of Jmjd3, a histone demethylase for H3K27me3, at the pancreatic progenitor stage impaired the efficiency of endocrine cell fate transition and thereafter islet formation. Curiously, single-cell RNA-seq revealed that the transcriptome and developmental pathway of Ngn3-high cells were not affected by the deletion of Jmjd3. Our study indicates sequential chromatin events and identifies a crucial role for Jmjd3 in regulating the efficiency of the transition from Ngn3-low to Ngn3-high cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Yu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Differentiation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Qiu WL, Zhang YW, Feng Y, Li LC, Yang L, Xu CR. Deciphering Pancreatic Islet β Cell and α Cell Maturation Pathways and Characteristic Features at the Single-Cell Level. Cell Metab 2018. [PMID: 29514075 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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18
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Yang L, Wang WH, Qiu WL, Guo Z, Bi E, Xu CR. A single-cell transcriptomic analysis reveals precise pathways and regulatory mechanisms underlying hepatoblast differentiation. Hepatology 2017; 66:1387-1401. [PMID: 28681484 PMCID: PMC5650503 DOI: 10.1002/hep.29353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED How bipotential hepatoblasts differentiate into hepatocytes and cholangiocytes remains unclear. Here, using single-cell transcriptomic analysis of hepatoblasts, hepatocytes, and cholangiocytes sorted from embryonic day 10.5 (E10.5) to E17.5 mouse embryos, we found that hepatoblast-to-hepatocyte differentiation occurred gradually and followed a linear default pathway. As more cells became fully differentiated hepatocytes, the number of proliferating cells decreased. Surprisingly, proliferating and quiescent hepatoblasts exhibited homogeneous differentiation states at a given developmental stage. This unique feature enabled us to combine single-cell and bulk-cell analyses to define the precise timing of the hepatoblast-to-hepatocyte transition, which occurs between E13.5 and E15.5. In contrast to hepatocyte development at almost all levels, hepatoblast-to-cholangiocyte differentiation underwent a sharp detour from the default pathway. New cholangiocyte generation occurred continuously between E11.5 and E14.5, but their maturation states at a given developmental stage were heterogeneous. Even more surprising, the number of proliferating cells increased as more progenitor cells differentiated into mature cholangiocytes. Based on an observation from the single-cell analysis, we also discovered that the protein kinase C/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway promoted cholangiocyte maturation. CONCLUSION Our studies have defined distinct pathways for hepatocyte and cholangiocyte development in vivo, which are critically important for understanding basic liver biology and developing effective strategies to induce stem cells to differentiate toward specific hepatic cell fates in vitro. (Hepatology 2017;66:1387-1401).
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wei-Hua Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China,PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program; Peking University, Beijing, 100871, China
| | - Zhen Guo
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China
| | - Erfei Bi
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences; Peking University, Beijing, 100871 China,Corresponding author: Dr. Cheng-Ran Xu,
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19
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Pi C, Zhang YC, Xu CR, Zhou Q. [Precision treatment after resistance to first-generation EGFR-TKI in patients with non-small cell lung cancer]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2017; 39:94-97. [PMID: 28219202 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Recently, with the research progress in molecular classification, the treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has been established as a model of anti-tumor treatment of precision medicine. The discovery of epidermal growth factor receptor-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKI) has transformed the treatment of NSCLC from platinum based doublet chemotherapy into era of target therapy. EGFR-TKI, such as erlotinib and gefitinib, have been recommended as standard first-line treatment of patients with EGFR mutation. However, acquired resistance, defined as tumor progression after initial response, seems to be an inevitable consequence of this treatment approach. Clinical modes of EGFR-TKI failure are classified into three types: dramatic progression, gradual progression and local progression. A threonine-to-methionine substitution (T790M) in exon 20 of the EGFR gene is the most common mechanism of resistance. Other mechanisms of resistance include MET amplification, epithelial to mesenchymal transition, small cell transformation, and PIK3CA mutation. This brief comment will provide an overview of the complex and heterogeneous problem of acquired resistance to EGFR-TKI therapy in NSCLC, and the clinical treatment options and new targeted drugs overcoming EGFR-TKI acquired resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pi
- Graduate School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Y C Zhang
- Graduate School, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - C R Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital and Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou 510080, China
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20
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Chen J, Xu CR, Xi M, Hu WW, Tang ZH, Zang GQ. Predictors of liver histological changes and a sustained virological response to peginterferon among chronic hepatitis B e antigen-positive patients with normal or minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase levels. J Viral Hepat 2017; 24:573-579. [PMID: 28107601 DOI: 10.1111/jvh.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
A proportion of chronic hepatitis B patients with normal or only minimally elevated alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels display significant histologic changes and would benefit from antiviral therapy. We aim to evaluate the histologic abnormalities seen in these patients and then determine which of them would most likely respond to peginterferon therapy. One hundred and thirteen hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive patients with a normal or minimally elevated ALT level and moderate-to-severe histologic changes in their liver tissue were selected to receive peginterferon monotherapy and participate in a follow-up analysis. A multiple logistic regression analysis indicated that increasing age (P=.049) and lower hepatitis B virus (HBV) DNA levels (P=.038) were associated with significant histological abnormalities in patients with a normal or minimally elevated ALT. Our predictive model which incorporated HBeAg testing at treatment week 12 combined with hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) testing at treatment week 24 was able to identify which patients with a normal ALT level would achieve a sustained virological response (SVR) (positive predictive value [PPV]: 66.7%, negative predictive value [NPV]: 90.0%). Lower HBsAg and HBeAg levels at treatment week 24 were associated with a SVR in patients with a minimally elevated ALT level (PPV: 100.0%, NPV: 100.0%). A liver biopsy and antiviral therapy should be strongly considered when treating HBeAg-positive patients with a normal or minimally elevated ALT level, low HBV DNA level, and aged >35 years. On-treatment quantification of combined HBsAg and HBeAg test results may be useful for predicting a SVR to peginterferon monotherapy in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chen
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - C R Xu
- Department of Infectious Disease, Southeast Hospital affiliated with Xiamen University, Zhangzhou, China
| | - M Xi
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - W W Hu
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Z H Tang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - G Q Zang
- Department of Infectious Disease, The Sixth People's Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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21
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Qiu WL, Zhang YW, Feng Y, Li LC, Yang L, Xu CR. Deciphering Pancreatic Islet β Cell and α Cell Maturation Pathways and Characteristic Features at the Single-Cell Level. Cell Metab 2017; 25:1194-1205.e4. [PMID: 28467935 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2016] [Revised: 02/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic β and α cells play essential roles in maintaining glucose homeostasis. However, the mechanisms by which these distinct cell populations are generated, expand, and mature during pancreas development remain unclear. In this study, we addressed this critical question by performing a single-cell transcriptomic analysis of mouse β and α cells sorted from fetal to adult stages. We discovered that β and α cells use different regulatory strategies for their maturation and that cell proliferation peaks at different developmental times. However, the quiescent and proliferative cells in both the β lineage and α lineage are synchronous in their maturation states. The heterogeneity of juvenile β cells reflects distinct cell-cycling phases, origins, and maturation states, whereas adult β cells are relatively homogeneous at the transcriptomic level. These analyses provide not only a high-resolution roadmap for islet lineage development but also insights into the mechanisms of cellular heterogeneity, cell number expansion, and maturation of both β and α cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Lin Qiu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ye Feng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; PKU-Tsinghua-NIBS Graduate Program, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Liu Yang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China; Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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22
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Yang JJ, Zhou Q, Yan HH, Zhang XC, Chen HJ, Tu HY, Wang Z, Xu CR, Su J, Wang BC, Jiang BY, Bai XY, Zhong WZ, Yang XN, Wu YL. A phase III randomised controlled trial of erlotinib vs gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with EGFR mutations. Br J Cancer 2017; 116:568-574. [PMID: 28103612 PMCID: PMC5344291 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2016.456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2016] [Revised: 12/18/2016] [Accepted: 12/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: A phase III trial was conducted to compare the safety and efficacy of erlotinib with that of gefitinib in advanced non-small cell lung cancer harbouring epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in exon 19 or 21. Methods: Eligible patients were randomised to receive erlotinib (150 mg per day) or gefitinib (250 mg per day) orally until disease progression or unacceptable toxicity. We aimed to determine whether erlotinib is superior to gefitinib in efficacy. The primary end point was progression-free survival. Results: A total of 256 patients were randomised to receive erlotinib (N=128) or gefitinib (N=128). Median progression-free survival was not better with erlotinib than with gefitinib (13.0 vs 10.4 months, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62–1.05, P=0.108). The corresponding response rates and median overall survival were 56.3% vs 52.3% (P=0.530) and 22.9 vs 20.1 months (95% CI 0.63–1.13, P=0.250), respectively. There were no significant differences in grade 3/4 toxicities between the two arms (P=0.172). Conclusions: The primary end point was not met. Erlotinib was not significantly superior to gefitinib in terms of efficacy in advanced non-small cell lung cancer with epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in exon 19 or 21, and the two treatments had similar toxicities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J J Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Q Zhou
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H H Yan
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X C Zhang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H J Chen
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - H Y Tu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Z Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - C R Xu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - J Su
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B C Wang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - B Y Jiang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X Y Bai
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - W Z Zhong
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - X N Yang
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Y L Wu
- Guangdong Lung Cancer Institute, Guangdong General Hospital & Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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23
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Wang QR, Xu C, Xu CR, Wang RJ. Complete mitochondrial genome of the Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis Chen) and Chinese catfish (S. asotus Linnaeus): Structure, phylogeny, and intraspecific variation. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:18198-209. [PMID: 26782467 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.23.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The complete mitochondrial genome of the Southern catfish (Silurus meridionalis) and the Chinese catfish (S. asotus), was determined using the long and accurate polymerase chain reaction (LA-PCR) method. The mitochondrial DNA nucleotide sequences of S. meridionalis and S. asotus were compared with those of 47 other catfish species in the same order. The total length of mitochondrial DNA for S. meridionalis and S. asotus was 16,526 and 16,525 bp, respectively, and included 13 protein-coding genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding control region. This mitochondrial gene arrangement is identical to that observed in other Siluriformes. To determine the relative phylogenetic positions of S. meridionalis and S. asotus, and to discover phylogenetic relationships among 24 families of Siluriformes, analyses were conducted, based on mitochondrial DNA, 12S ribosomal RNA, 16S ribosomal RNA, and 13 protein-coding gene sequence data sets. Phylogenetic analyses were congruent with a basal split of the order into Clupeiformes, Characiformes, Cypriniformes, and Siluriformes, and supported a closer relationship of the Southern catfish (family Siluridae) and the Chinese catfish (family Siluridae) to Pimelodidae than to Bagridae. We concluded that these two species are part of a molecular clade that is different from that proposed in recent studies, in which Amblycipitidae appears as a sister group. Our results showed Amblycipitidae appearing as the most basal extant, and Bagridae appearing as a sister group of Cranoglanididae and Pangasiidae. The Siluriformes showed close phylogenetic relationship to the Characiformes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q R Wang
- Department of Biology, Zunyi Normal College, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - C Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - C R Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - R J Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Mohan R, Mao Y, Zhang S, Zhang YW, Xu CR, Gradwohl G, Tang X. Differentially Expressed MicroRNA-483 Confers Distinct Functions in Pancreatic β- and α-Cells. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:19955-66. [PMID: 26109062 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.650705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin secreted from pancreatic β-cells and glucagon secreted from pancreatic α-cells are the two major hormones working in the pancreas in an opposing manner to regulate and maintain a normal glucose homeostasis. How microRNAs (miRNAs), a population of non-coding RNAs so far demonstrated to be differentially expressed in various types of cells, regulate gene expression in pancreatic β-cells and its closely associated α-cells is not completely clear. In this study, miRNA profiling was performed and compared between pancreatic β-cells and their partner α-cells. One novel miRNA, miR-483, was identified for its highly differential expression in pancreatic β-cells when compared to its expression in α-cells. Overexpression of miR-483 in β-cells increased insulin transcription and secretion by targeting SOCS3, a member of suppressor of cytokine signaling family. In contrast, overexpression of miR-483 decreased glucagon transcription and secretion in α-cells. Moreover, overexpressed miR-483 protected against proinflammatory cytokine-induced apoptosis in β-cells. This correlates with a higher expression level of miR-483 and the expanded β-cell mass observed in the islets of prediabetic db/db mice. Together, our data suggest that miR-483 has opposite effects in α- and β-cells by targeting SOCS3, and the imbalance of miR-483 and its targets may play a crucial role in diabetes pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramkumar Mohan
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Yiping Mao
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Shungang Zhang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- the College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- the College of Life Sciences, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China, and
| | - Gérard Gradwohl
- the Institute of Genetics and Molecular and Cellular Biology, Department of Development and Stem cells, University of Strasbourg, 67404 Illkirch, France
| | - Xiaoqing Tang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, Michigan 49931,
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25
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Xu CR, Li LC, Donahue G, Ying L, Zhang YW, Gadue P, Zaret KS. Dynamics of genomic H3K27me3 domains and role of EZH2 during pancreatic endocrine specification. EMBO J 2014; 33:2157-70. [PMID: 25107471 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201488671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Endoderm cells undergo sequential fate choices to generate insulin-secreting beta cells. Ezh2 of the PRC2 complex, which generates H3K27me3, modulates the transition from endoderm to pancreas progenitors, but the role of Ezh2 and H3K27me3 in the next transition to endocrine progenitors is unknown. We isolated endoderm cells, pancreas progenitors, and endocrine progenitors from different staged mouse embryos and analyzed H3K27me3 genome-wide. Unlike the decline in H3K27me3 domains reported during embryonic stem cell differentiation in vitro, we find that H3K27me3 domains increase in number during endocrine progenitor development in vivo. Genes that lose the H3K27me3 mark typically encode transcriptional regulators, including those for pro-endocrine fates, whereas genes that acquire the mark typically are involved in cell biology and morphogenesis. Deletion of Ezh2 at the pancreas progenitor stage enhanced the production of endocrine progenitors and beta cells. Inhibition of EZH2 in embryonic pancreas explants and in human embryonic stem cell cultures increased endocrine progenitors in vitro. Our studies reveal distinct dynamics in H3K27me3 targets in vivo and a means to modulate beta cell development from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ran Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Lin-Chen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Greg Donahue
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lei Ying
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu-Wei Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation, College of Life Sciences Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Paul Gadue
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth S Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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26
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Zaret KS, Xu CR, Caravaca J. Activating the genome during development and exit from mitosis. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.344.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth S. Zaret
- Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman Schoool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Cheng-Ran Xu
- Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman Schoool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
| | - Juanma Caravaca
- Cell and Developmental BiologyPerelman Schoool of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPA
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Abstract
Understanding the basis for multipotency, whereby stem cells and other progenitors can differentiate into certain tissues and not others, provides insights into the mechanism of cell programming in development, homeostasis, and disease. We recently reported a screen of diverse chromatin marks to obtain clues about chromatin states in the multipotent embryonic endoderm. Genetic and pharmacologic tests of certain marks' function demonstrated that the relevant chromatin modifying factors modulate the fate choice for liver or pancreas induction in the endoderm. The information about chromatin states from embryonic studies can be used to predict lineage-specific developmental potential and chromatin modifiers to enhance particular cell fate transitions from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ran Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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28
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Abstract
Transcriptionally silent genes can be marked by histone modifications and regulatory proteins that indicate the genes' potential to be activated. Such marks have been identified in pluripotent cells, but it is unknown how such marks occur in descendant, multipotent embryonic cells that have restricted cell fate choices. We isolated mouse embryonic endoderm cells and assessed histone modifications at regulatory elements of silent genes that are activated upon liver or pancreas fate choices. We found that the liver and pancreas elements have distinct chromatin patterns. Furthermore, the histone acetyltransferase P300, recruited via bone morphogenetic protein signaling, and the histone methyltransferase Ezh2 have modulatory roles in the fate choice. These studies reveal a functional "prepattern" of chromatin states within multipotent progenitors and potential targets to modulate cell fate induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ran Xu
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Philip A. Cole
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - David J. Meyers
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Jay Kormish
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Sharon Dent
- Department of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Univ. Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957
| | - Kenneth S. Zaret
- Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Epigenetics Program, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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29
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Xu CR, Feeney AJ. The epigenetic profile of Ig genes is dynamically regulated during B cell differentiation and is modulated by pre-B cell receptor signaling. J Immunol 2009; 182:1362-9. [PMID: 19155482 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.182.3.1362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Ag receptor loci poised for V(D)J rearrangement undergo germline transcription (GT) of unrearranged genes, and the accessible gene segments are associated with posttranslational modifications (PTM) on histones. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the dynamic changes of four PTM throughout B and T cell differentiation in freshly isolated ex vivo cells. Methylation of lysines 4 and 79 of histone H3, and acetylation of H3, demonstrated stage and lineage specificity, and were most pronounced at the J segments of loci poised for, or undergoing, rearrangement, except for dimethylation of H3K4, which was more equally distributed on V, D, and J genes. Focusing on the IgL loci, we demonstrated there are no active PTM in the absence of pre-BCR signaling. The kappa locus GT and PTM on Jkappa genes are rapidly induced following pre-BCR signaling in large pre-B cells. In contrast, the lambda locus shows greatly delayed onset of GT and PTM, which do not reach high levels until the immature B cell compartment, the stage at which receptor editing is initiated. Analysis of MiEkappa(-/-) mice shows that this enhancer plays a key role in inducing not only GT, but PTM. Using an inducible pre-B cell line, we demonstrate that active PTM on Jkappa genes occur after GT is initiated, indicating that histone PTM do not make the Jkappa region accessible, but conversely, GT may play a role in adding PTM. Our data indicate that the epigenetic profile of IgL genes is dramatically modulated by pre-BCR signaling and B cell differentiation status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ran Xu
- Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
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Xu CR, Liu C, Wang YL, Li LC, Chen WQ, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Histone acetylation affects expression of cellular patterning genes in the Arabidopsis root epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:14469-74. [PMID: 16176989 PMCID: PMC1242287 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0503143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis root has a unique cellular pattern in its single-layered epidermis. Cells residing over the intercellular spaces between underlying cortical cells (H position) differentiate into hair cells, whereas those directly over cortical cells (N position) differentiate into non-hair cells. Recent studies have revealed that this cellular pattern is determined by interactions of six patterning genes CPC, ETC, GL2, GL3/EGL3, TTG, and WER, and that the position-dependent expression of the CPC, GL2, and WER genes is essential for their appropriate interactions. However, little is known about how the expressions of the pattern genes are determined. Here we show that trichostatin A (TSA) treatment of germinating Arabidopsis seedlings alters the cellular pattern of the root epidermis to induce hair cell development at nonhair positions. The effects of TSA treatment are rapid, reversible, concentration-dependent, and position-independent. TSA inhibition of histone deacetylase activity results in hyperacetylation of the core histones H3 and H4, and alters the expression levels and cell specific expression of the patterning genes CPC, GL2 and WER. Analysis of histone deacetylase mutant cellular patterning further verified the participation of histone acetylation in cellular patterning, and revealed that HDA18 is a key component in the regulatory machinery of the Arabidopsis root epidermis. We propose a working model to suggest that histone acetylation may function in mediating a positional cue to direct expression of the patterning genes in the root epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ran Xu
- PKU-Yale Joint Research Center of Agricultural and Plant Molecular Biology, National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Gene Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Xu CR, Liu C, Wang YL, Li LC, Chen WQ, Xu ZH, Bai SN. Histone acetylation affects expression of cellular patterning genes in the Arabidopsis root epidermis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005. [PMID: 16176989 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503143102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The Arabidopsis root has a unique cellular pattern in its single-layered epidermis. Cells residing over the intercellular spaces between underlying cortical cells (H position) differentiate into hair cells, whereas those directly over cortical cells (N position) differentiate into non-hair cells. Recent studies have revealed that this cellular pattern is determined by interactions of six patterning genes CPC, ETC, GL2, GL3/EGL3, TTG, and WER, and that the position-dependent expression of the CPC, GL2, and WER genes is essential for their appropriate interactions. However, little is known about how the expressions of the pattern genes are determined. Here we show that trichostatin A (TSA) treatment of germinating Arabidopsis seedlings alters the cellular pattern of the root epidermis to induce hair cell development at nonhair positions. The effects of TSA treatment are rapid, reversible, concentration-dependent, and position-independent. TSA inhibition of histone deacetylase activity results in hyperacetylation of the core histones H3 and H4, and alters the expression levels and cell specific expression of the patterning genes CPC, GL2 and WER. Analysis of histone deacetylase mutant cellular patterning further verified the participation of histone acetylation in cellular patterning, and revealed that HDA18 is a key component in the regulatory machinery of the Arabidopsis root epidermis. We propose a working model to suggest that histone acetylation may function in mediating a positional cue to direct expression of the patterning genes in the root epidermal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Ran Xu
- PKU-Yale Joint Research Center of Agricultural and Plant Molecular Biology, National Key Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Gene Engineering, College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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He HT, Xu CR, Song X, Siahaan TJ. Syntheses of cyclic prodrugs of RGD peptidomimetics with various macrocyclic ring sizes: evaluation of physicochemical, transport and antithrombic properties. J Pept Res 2003; 61:331-42. [PMID: 12753380 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.2003.00062.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this work was to synthesize cyclic prodrugs 1a-d of RGD peptidomimetics 2a-d with various ring sizes (n[CH2] = 1, 3, 5 and 7) and to evaluate the effect of ring size on their transport, physicochemical, enzymatic stability, and antithrombic properties. The syntheses of cyclic prodrugs 1a-d were achieved by converging two key intermediates, Boc-Phe-O-CH2-OCO-OpNP (5) and H2N-(CH2)n-CO-Asp(OBzl)-OTce (8a-d), to give linear precursors Boc-Phe-O-CH2-OCO-HN-(CH2)n-CO-Asp(OBzl)-OTce (9a-d). The N- and C-terminus protecting groups were removed from 9a-d to give 10a-d. Linear precursors 10a-d were cyclized, and the remaining Bzl-protecting group was removed to produce cyclic prodrugs 1a-d in around 20% overall yield. The linear RGD peptidomimetics (2a-d) were synthesized using standard Boc-amino acid chemistry by solution-phase method. Increasing the ring size by adding methylene groups also increases the hydrophobicity of the cyclic prodrugs and parent RGD peptidomimetics. The transport properties of cyclic prodrugs 1c and 1d were 2.6- and 4.4-fold better than those of parent compounds 2c and 2d, respectively. These results suggest that increasing the hydrophobicity of the cyclic prodrugs and parent RGD peptidomimetics enhanced their transport properties. The hydrodynamic radii of the cyclic prodrugs were also smaller than those of their respective parent compounds, suggesting that the change in size may contribute to their transport properties. The chemical stability of the cyclic prodrugs was affected by the ring size, and the cyclic prodrug with the larger ring size (i.e. 1d) was more stable than the smaller one (i.e. 1a). All the cyclic prodrugs were more stable at pH 4 than at pH 7 and 10. Prodrug-to-drug conversion could be induced by isolated esterase as well as esterase found in human plasma. An increase in the length of methylene group (n[CH2] = 1, 3, 5, 7) enhanced the antithrombic activity of the prodrugs and the parent compounds. In summary, the ring size of cyclic prodrugs affected their transport, physicochemical, and antithrombic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- H T He
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Simons Research Laboratories, The University of Kansas Lawrence, KS 66047, USA
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Abstract
Two new secodammarane triterpenoid saponins were isolated from the leaves of Cyclocarya paliurus. Based on chemical and spectral analysis they were assigned as (20S)-20-hydroxy-24-O-alpha-L-arabino-pyranosyl-3,4- secodammar-4(28),11,25-trien-3-oic acid, named cyclocarioside II and 25-hydroxy-(20S,24R)-epoxy-12R-O-beta-D- quinovopyranosyl-3,4-secodammar-4(28)-en,3-oic acid, named cyclocarioside III.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Shu
- Department of Pharmacy, Jiangxi College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi, China
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Xu CR. [Studies on the chemical constituents of Fissistigma oldhamii]. Zhong Yao Tong Bao 1982; 7:30-1. [PMID: 6215156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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