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Bandyopadhyay G, Jehrio MG, Baker C, Bhattacharya S, Misra RS, Huyck HL, Chu CY, Myers JR, Ashton J, Polter S, Cochran M, Bushnell T, Dutra J, Katzman PJ, Deutsch GH, Mariani TJ, Pryhuber GS. Bulk RNA Sequencing of Human Pediatric Lung Cell Populations Reveals Unique Transcriptomic Signature Associated with Post-natal Pulmonary Development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024. [PMID: 38442187 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00385.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-natal lung development results in an increasingly functional organ prepared for gas exchange and pathogenic challenges. It is achieved through cellular differentiation and migration. Changes in the tissue architecture during this development process are well documented and increasing cellular diversity associated with it are reported in recent years. Despite recent progress, transcriptomic and molecular pathways associated with human post-natal lung development are yet to be fully understood. In this study we investigated gene expression patterns associated with healthy pediatric lung development in four major enriched cell populations (epithelial, endothelial, and non-endothelial mesenchymal cells, along with lung leukocytes) from one-day-old to eight-year-old organ donors with no known lung disease. For analysis, we considered the donors in 4 age groups [less than 30 days old neonates, 30 days to < 1 year old infants, toddlers (1 to < 2 years) and children 2 years and older] and assessed differentially expressed genes (DEG). We found increasing age-associated transcriptional changes in all four major cell types in pediatric lung. Transition from neonate to infant stage showed highest number of DEG compared to number of DEG found during infant to toddler- or toddler to older children- transitions. Profiles of differential gene expression and further pathway enrichment analyses indicate functional epithelial cell maturation and increased capability of antigen presentation and chemokine-mediated communication. Our study provides a comprehensive reference of gene expression patterns during healthy pediatric lung development that will be useful in identifying and understanding aberrant gene expression patterns associated with early life respiratory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gautam Bandyopadhyay
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew G Jehrio
- Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Cameron Baker
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | | | - Ravi S Misra
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Heidie L Huyck
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Chin-Yi Chu
- Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jason R Myers
- Genomics Research Center, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - John Ashton
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steven Polter
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew Cochran
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Timothy Bushnell
- UR Flow Cytometry Core Facility, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jennifer Dutra
- CTSI, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Philip J Katzman
- Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gail H Deutsch
- Department of Laboratories, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY, United States
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2
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Chu CY, Kim SY, Pryhuber GS, Mariani TJ, McGraw MD. Single-cell resolution of human airway epithelial cells exposed to bronchiolitis obliterans-associated chemicals. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 326:L135-L148. [PMID: 38084407 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00304.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a fibrotic lung disease characterized by progressive luminal narrowing and obliteration of the small airways. In the nontransplant population, inhalation exposure to certain chemicals is associated with BO; however, the mechanisms contributing to disease induction remain poorly understood. This study's objective was to use single-cell RNA sequencing for the identification of transcriptomic signatures common to primary human airway epithelial cells after chemical exposure to BO-associated chemicals-diacetyl or nitrogen mustard-to help explain BO induction. Primary airway epithelial cells were cultured at air-liquid interface and exposed to diacetyl, nitrogen mustard, or control vapors. Cultures were dissociated and sequenced for single-cell RNA. Differential gene expression and functional pathway analyses were compared across exposures. In total, 75,663 single cells were captured and sequenced from all exposure conditions. Unbiased clustering identified 11 discrete phenotypes, including 5 basal, 2 ciliated, and 2 secretory cell clusters. With chemical exposure, the proportion of cells assigned to keratin 5+ basal cells decreased, whereas the proportion of cells aligned to secretory cell clusters increased compared with control exposures. Functional pathway analysis identified interferon signaling and antigen processing/presentation as pathways commonly upregulated after diacetyl or nitrogen mustard exposure in a ciliated cell cluster. Conversely, the response of airway basal cells differed significantly with upregulation of the unfolded protein response in diacetyl-exposed basal cells, not seen in nitrogen mustard-exposed cultures. These new insights provide early identification of airway epithelial signatures common to BO-associated chemical exposures.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a devastating fibrotic lung disease of the small airways, or bronchioles. This original manuscript uses single-cell RNA sequencing for identifying common signatures of chemically exposed airway epithelial cells in BO induction. Chemical exposure reduced the proportion of keratin 5+ basal cells while increasing the proportion of keratin 4+ suprabasal cells. Functional pathways contributory to these shifts differed significantly across exposures. These new results highlight similarities and differences in BO induction across exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - So-Young Kim
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
| | - Matthew D McGraw
- Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, United States
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3
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Osborn RM, Leach J, Zanche M, Ashton JM, Chu C, Thakar J, Dewhurst S, Rosenberger S, Pavelka M, Pryhuber GS, Mariani TJ, Anderson CS. Preparation of noninfectious scRNAseq samples from SARS-CoV-2-infected epithelial cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0281898. [PMID: 36827401 PMCID: PMC9956660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0281898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) is an infectious disease caused by the SARS coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus. Direct assessment, detection, and quantitative analysis using high throughput methods like single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNAseq) is imperative to understanding the host response to SARS-CoV-2. One barrier to studying SARS-CoV-2 in the laboratory setting is the requirement to process virus-infected cell cultures, and potentially infectious materials derived therefrom, under Biosafety Level 3 (BSL-3) containment. However, there are only 190 BSL3 laboratory facilities registered with the U.S. Federal Select Agent Program, as of 2020, and only a subset of these are outfitted with the equipment needed to perform high-throughput molecular assays. Here, we describe a method for preparing non-hazardous RNA samples from SARS-CoV-2 infected cells, that enables scRNAseq analyses to be conducted safely in a BSL2 facility-thereby making molecular assays of SARS-CoV-2 cells accessible to a much larger community of researchers. Briefly, we infected African green monkey kidney epithelial cells (Vero-E6) with SARS-CoV-2 for 96 hours, trypsin-dissociated the cells, and inactivated them with methanol-acetone in a single-cell suspension. Fixed cells were tested for the presence of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virions using the Tissue Culture Infectious Dose Assay (TCID50), and also tested for viability using flow cytometry. We then tested the dissociation and methanol-acetone inactivation method on primary human lung epithelial cells that had been differentiated on an air-liquid interface. Finally, we performed scRNAseq quality control analysis on the resulting cell populations to evaluate the effects of our virus inactivation and sample preparation protocol on the quality of the cDNA produced. We found that methanol-acetone inactivated SARS-CoV-2, fixed the lung epithelial cells, and could be used to obtain noninfectious, high-quality cDNA libraries. This methodology makes investigating SARS-CoV-2, and related high-containment RNA viruses at a single-cell level more accessible to an expanded community of researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raven M. Osborn
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Justin Leach
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Michelle Zanche
- Genomics Research Center, Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - John M. Ashton
- Genomics Research Center, Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - ChinYi Chu
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Children’s Health Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Translational Biomedical Sciences Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Biophysics, Structural, and Computational Biology Program, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Stephen Dewhurst
- Clinical and Translational Sciences Institute, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Sonia Rosenberger
- Department of Environmental Health and Safety, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Biosafety Level 3 Facility, Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Martin Pavelka
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Biosafety Level 3 Facility, Center for Advanced Research Technologies, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Gloria S. Pryhuber
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Children’s Health Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Children’s Health Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher S. Anderson
- Department of Pediatrics and Center for Children’s Health Research, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, United States of America
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4
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McCall MN, Chu CY, Wang L, Benoodt L, Thakar J, Corbett A, Holden-Wiltse J, Slaunwhite C, Grier A, Gill SR, Falsey AR, Topham DJ, Caserta MT, Walsh EE, Qiu X, Mariani TJ. A systems genomics approach uncovers molecular associates of RSV severity. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009617. [PMID: 34962914 PMCID: PMC8746750 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection results in millions of hospitalizations and thousands of deaths each year. Variations in the adaptive and innate immune response appear to be associated with RSV severity. To investigate the host response to RSV infection in infants, we performed a systems-level study of RSV pathophysiology, incorporating high-throughput measurements of the peripheral innate and adaptive immune systems and the airway epithelium and microbiota. We implemented a novel multi-omic data integration method based on multilayered principal component analysis, penalized regression, and feature weight back-propagation, which enabled us to identify cellular pathways associated with RSV severity. In both airway and immune cells, we found an association between RSV severity and activation of pathways controlling Th17 and acute phase response signaling, as well as inhibition of B cell receptor signaling. Dysregulation of both the humoral and mucosal response to RSV may play a critical role in determining illness severity. This paper presents a novel approach to understanding the localized molecular responses to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and the system-level correlates of clinical outcomes. To do this, we developed a novel statistical method able to integrate high dimensional molecular data characterizing the host airway microbota and immune and nasal gene expression. We show that this integrative approach facilitates superior performance in estimating clinical outcome as opposed to any single data type. Using this approach, we identified both cell type-specific and shared biomarkers and regulatory pathways associated with RSV severity. Specifically, we identified an association between RSV severity, activation of pathways controlling Th17, and inhibition of B cell receptor signaling, which were present in both the site of infection airway and in peripheral immune cells. These results can guide future efforts to identify biomarkers for identifying or predicting illness severity following infant RSV infection. They may also be useful as biomarkers to inform the efficacy of future interventions (e.g., therapies) or preventative measures to suppress the rate of severe disease (e.g., vaccines).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Biomedical Genetics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Lauren Benoodt
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Juilee Thakar
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Anthony Corbett
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Slaunwhite
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Alex Grier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Steven R Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Mary T Caserta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester New York, United States of America
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5
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Mo CKM, Cho KY, Au AKY, Chu CY. Optimisation of Gadolinium and Iodinated Contrast Ratio for 1.5T and 3T MR Arthrography: An In Vitro Study. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- CKM Mo
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KY Cho
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - AKY Au
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
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6
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Lui HKH, Lee DTF, Cheng JHM, Tang KYK, Chu CY, Leung WKW, Kan WK. Single-Pass Split-Bolus Whole-Body Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography Protocol for Trauma Patients. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2021. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2117195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- HKH Lui
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - DTF Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - JHM Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - KYK Tang
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WKW Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - WK Kan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong
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7
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Chu CY, Qiu X, McCall MN, Wang L, Corbett A, Holden-Wiltse J, Slaunwhite C, Grier A, Gill SR, Pryhuber GS, Falsey AR, Topham DJ, Caserta MT, Walsh EE, Mariani TJ. Airway Gene Expression Correlates of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Disease Severity and Microbiome Composition in Infants. J Infect Dis 2021; 223:1639-1649. [PMID: 32926149 PMCID: PMC8136980 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of severe respiratory disease in infants. The causes and correlates of severe illness in the majority of infants are poorly defined. METHODS We recruited a cohort of RSV-infected infants and simultaneously assayed the molecular status of their airways and the presence of airway microbiota. We used rigorous statistical approaches to identify gene expression patterns associated with disease severity and microbiota composition, separately and in combination. RESULTS We measured comprehensive airway gene expression patterns in 106 infants with primary RSV infection. We identified an airway gene expression signature of severe illness dominated by excessive chemokine expression. We also found an association between Haemophilus influenzae, disease severity, and airway lymphocyte accumulation. Exploring the time of onset of clinical symptoms revealed acute activation of interferon signaling following RSV infection in infants with mild or moderate illness, which was absent in subjects with severe illness. CONCLUSIONS Our data reveal that airway gene expression patterns distinguish mild/moderate from severe illness. Furthermore, our data identify biomarkers that may be therapeutic targets or useful for measuring efficacy of intervention responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Anthony Corbett
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Clinical and Translational Science Institute, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Christopher Slaunwhite
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Alex Grier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Steven R Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Gloria S Pryhuber
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- David H. Smith Center for Vaccine Biology and Immunology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Mary T Caserta
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York, USA
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8
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Wang L, Chu CY, McCall MN, Slaunwhite C, Holden-Wiltse J, Corbett A, Falsey AR, Topham DJ, Caserta MT, Mariani TJ, Walsh EE, Qiu X. Airway gene-expression classifiers for respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) disease severity in infants. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:57. [PMID: 33632195 PMCID: PMC7908785 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00913-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A substantial number of infants infected with RSV develop severe symptoms requiring hospitalization. We currently lack accurate biomarkers that are associated with severe illness. Method We defined airway gene expression profiles based on RNA sequencing from nasal brush samples from 106 full-tem previously healthy RSV infected subjects during acute infection (day 1–10 of illness) and convalescence stage (day 28 of illness). All subjects were assigned a clinical illness severity score (GRSS). Using AIC-based model selection, we built a sparse linear correlate of GRSS based on 41 genes (NGSS1). We also built an alternate model based upon 13 genes associated with severe infection acutely but displaying stable expression over time (NGSS2). Results NGSS1 is strongly correlated with the disease severity, demonstrating a naïve correlation (ρ) of ρ = 0.935 and cross-validated correlation of 0.813. As a binary classifier (mild versus severe), NGSS1 correctly classifies disease severity in 89.6% of the subjects following cross-validation. NGSS2 has slightly less, but comparable, accuracy with a cross-validated correlation of 0.741 and classification accuracy of 84.0%. Conclusion Airway gene expression patterns, obtained following a minimally-invasive procedure, have potential utility for development of clinically useful biomarkers that correlate with disease severity in primary RSV infection. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00913-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Chin-Yi Chu
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Matthew N McCall
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | | | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Anthony Corbett
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.,Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - David J Topham
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Mary T Caserta
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA. .,Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, NY, USA.
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester School Medicine, Rochester, NY, USA.
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9
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Anderson CS, Zhang Y, Corbett A, Chu CY, Wang L, Qiu X, McCall M, Topham D, Mariani T, Walsh EE, Scheuermann R, Caserta MT. 1409. Genomic Variation Among Respiratory Syncytial Viruses. Open Forum Infect Dis 2020. [PMCID: PMC7777656 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofaa439.1591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) can be easily classified into two subtypes (A and B) based on the nucleic acid sequence of their genome. Phylogenic approaches have shown that within both subtypes separate lineages of viruses exist and new lineages continue to emerge. The role these genomic variations play in disease severity during RSV infection is largely unknown.
Methods
Next-generation viral RNA sequencing was performed on archived frozen nasal swabs of children infected with RSV in Rochester, NY between 1977-1998. Genomic variation was compared across year-of-isolation, age of host, and inpatient/outpatient status of host. Local RSV genomic variation was compared to variation of publicly available sequences isolated from hosts residing in other parts of the world.
Results
A and B subtypes demonstrated significant differences in the genetic sequence and primary-protein structure over time. G-protein was the most variable in both subtypes, but they differed in the number of unique genotypes detected. We found a significant association with disease severity (inpatient/outpatient status) and RSV phylogenetic topology, although the magnitude of the association differed by subtype. Variation in the primary protein structure of RSV viral proteins was also significantly associated with disease severity, but depended on which viral protein, and which subtype, was investigated. Lastly, local RSV genomic and protein-structure variation was similar to what was seen globally during this time period.
Conclusion
Overall, both subtypes demonstrated significant genetic change over time and these changes were associated with disease severity. These results suggest that the genetic variability of RSV may affect RSV disease in humans.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yun Zhang
- J. Craig Venter Institute, La Jolla, California
| | | | - Chin-Yi Chu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Lu Wang
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | - Xing Qiu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY
| | | | | | - Tom Mariani
- University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Cheng JHM, Leung WKW, Wong AHC, Lee BKH, Leung BST, Chu CY, Kan WK. Percutaneous Transhepatic Biliary Stones Removal — An Effective and Safe Alternative. Hong Kong Journal of Radiology 2020. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr2016940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- JHM Cheng
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - WKW Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - AHC Wong
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - BKH Lee
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - BST Leung
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
| | - WK Kan
- Department of Radiology, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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Caserta MT, Wang L, Chu CY, Slaunwhite C, Holden-Wiltse J, Corbett A, Falsey AR, Topham D, Mariani T, Walsh EE, Qiu X. 415. Airway Gene-Expression Classifiers for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Disease Severity in Infants. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6809319 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background RSV infection is common in infants with a majority of those affected displaying mild clinical symptoms. However, a substantial number develop severe symptoms requiring hospitalization. We currently lack sensitive and specific predictors to identify a majority of those who develop severe disease. Methods High throughput RNA sequencing (RNAseq) of nasal epithelial cells defined airway gene expression patterns in RSV-infected subjects. Using multivariate linear regression analysis with AIC-based model selection, we built a sparse linear predictor of RSV disease severity, the Nasal Gene Severity Score-NGSS1. Using a similar statistical approach, we built an alternate predictor based upon genes displaying stable expression over time (NGSS2). We evaluated predictive performance of both models using leave-one-out cross-validation analyses. Results We defined comprehensive airway gene expression profiles from 106 full-tem previously healthy RSV-infected subjects with a range of RSV disease severity prospectively enrolled in the AsPIRES study. Nasal samples were obtained during acute infection (day 1–10 of illness; 106 samples), and convalescence (day 14–28 of illness; 69 samples). All subjects had a primary infection and were assigned a cumulative clinical illness severity score (GRSS) (Table 1). From the RNA seq data 41 genes were identified as the NGSS1 which is strongly correlated with disease severity (GRSS) in both the naive (ρ=0.935) and cross-validated analysis (ρ of 0.813). As a binary classifier (mild vs. severe), NGSS1 correctly classifies 89.6% of the subjects following cross-validation (Figure 1). Next, we evaluated genes that were stably expressed in both acute illness and convalescence samples in 54 subjects with data from both time points. Repeating the regression based step wise model selection identified 13 genes as NGSS2, which was significantly correlated with GRSS (ρ = 0.741). This model has slightly less, but comparable, prediction accuracy with a cross-validated correlation of 0.741 and cross-validated classification accuracy of 84.0% (Figure 2). Conclusion Airway gene expression patterns, obtained following a minimally-invasive nasal procedure, have potential utility as prognostic biomarkers for severe infant RSV infections. ![]()
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Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary T Caserta
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Lu Wang
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Chin-Yi Chu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | | | | | - Ann R Falsey
- University of Rochester, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Thomas Mariani
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Xing Qiu
- University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Chu CY, Cho YT, Jiang JH, Chang CC, Liao SC, Tang CH. Patients with chronic urticaria have a higher risk of psychiatric disorders: a population-based study. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:335-341. [PMID: 31220338 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) in a national population is largely unknown. OBJECTIVES To investigate the prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication use in patients with CU in Taiwan. METHODS Data were sourced from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database for 2011. Patients who had a primary/secondary International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification diagnosis code of 708·1, 708·8 or 708·9 during 2011 with at least two outpatient visits and an antihistamine prescription were identified as CU cases. Patients with CU were classified into three disease severity groups according to their medication types. Psychiatric disorders were identified by patients having three outpatient visits with a primary or secondary diagnosis of a given psychiatric disease. Psychiatric medication use was defined by having at least four outpatient visits with prescriptions for anxiolytics, antidepressants or sleeping pills in 2010 or 2011. RESULTS Of the 167 132 patients with CU, 82·5% had mild CU, 17·0% had moderate CU and 0·4% had severe CU. Patients with CU had a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication prescription than control groups. The relative risk (RR) of psychiatric disorders was 1·43 for patients with mild, 1·50 for patients with moderate and 2·32 for patients with severe CU vs. the controls (P < 0·001). For psychiatric medication prescription, the RRs were 1·95, 2·70 and 2·09, respectively, vs. controls (P < 0·001). CONCLUSIONS Patients with CU had a higher prevalence and risk of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication prescription than control groups. What's already known about this topic? Previous studies have shown a high prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities in patients with chronic urticaria (CU), with rates ranging from 35% to 60%. Anxiety, depression and somatoform disorders have been reported as the most prevalent mental disorders in patients with CU. What does this study add? Patients with CU had a higher prevalence of psychiatric disorders and psychiatric medication use than control groups in the general population. The relative risk (RR) of psychiatric disorders was 1·43 for those with mild CU, 1·50 for those with moderate CU and 2·32 for those with severe CU vs. controls. The RR for psychiatric medication use was 1·95 for those with mild CU, 2·70 for those with moderate CU and 2·09 for those with severe CU vs. controls. Mental health evaluations and management are important elements in CU management.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Departments of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - Y T Cho
- Departments of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - J H Jiang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C C Chang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - S C Liao
- Departments of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, 7 Chung-Shan South Road, Taipei, 10002, Taiwan
| | - C H Tang
- School of Health Care Administration, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Walsh EE, Mariani TJ, Chu C, Grier A, Gill SR, Qiu X, Wang L, Holden-Wiltse J, Corbett A, Thakar J, Benoodt L, McCall MN, Topham DJ, Falsey AR, Caserta MT. Aims, Study Design, and Enrollment Results From the Assessing Predictors of Infant Respiratory Syncytial Virus Effects and Severity Study. JMIR Res Protoc 2019; 8:e12907. [PMID: 31199303 PMCID: PMC6595944 DOI: 10.2196/12907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The majority of infants hospitalized with primary respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection have no obvious risk factors for severe disease. Objective The aim of this study (Assessing Predictors of Infant RSV Effects and Severity, AsPIRES) was to identify factors associated with severe disease in full-term healthy infants younger than 10 months with primary RSV infection. Methods RSV infected infants were enrolled from 3 cohorts during consecutive winters from August 2012 to April 2016 in Rochester, New York. A birth cohort was prospectively enrolled and followed through their first winter for development of RSV infection. An outpatient supplemental cohort was enrolled in the emergency department or pediatric offices, and a hospital cohort was enrolled on admission with RSV infection. RSV was diagnosed by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. Demographic and clinical data were recorded and samples collected for assays: buccal swab (cytomegalovirus polymerase chain reaction, PCR), nasal swab (RSV qualitative PCR, complete viral gene sequence, 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid [RNA] amplicon microbiota analysis), nasal wash (chemokine and cytokine assays), nasal brush (nasal respiratory epithelial cell gene expression using RNA sequencing [RNAseq]), and 2 to 3 ml of heparinized blood (flow cytometry, RNAseq analysis of purified cluster of differentiation [CD]4+, CD8+, B cells and natural killer cells, and RSV-specific antibody). Cord blood (RSV-specific antibody) was also collected for the birth cohort. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression will be used for analysis of data using a continuous Global Respiratory Severity Score (GRSS) as the outcome variable. Novel statistical methods will be developed for integration of the large complex datasets. Results A total of 453 infants were enrolled into the 3 cohorts; 226 in the birth cohort, 60 in the supplemental cohort, and 78 in the hospital cohort. A total of 126 birth cohort infants remained in the study and were evaluated for 150 respiratory illnesses. Of the 60 RSV positive infants in the supplemental cohort, 42 completed the study, whereas all 78 of the RSV positive hospital cohort infants completed the study. A GRSS was calculated for each RSV-infected infant and is being used to analyze each of the complex datasets by correlation with disease severity in univariate and multivariate methods. Conclusions The AsPIRES study will provide insights into the complex pathogenesis of RSV infection in healthy full-term infants with primary RSV infection. The analysis will allow assessment of multiple factors potentially influencing the severity of RSV infection including the level of RSV specific antibodies, the innate immune response of nasal epithelial cells, the adaptive response by various lymphocyte subsets, the resident airway microbiota, and viral factors. Results of this study will inform disease interventions such as vaccines and antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Walsh
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - ChinYi Chu
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Alex Grier
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Steven R Gill
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Xing Qiu
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Lu Wang
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Anthony Corbett
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Juilee Thakar
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Lauren Benoodt
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Matthew N McCall
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - David J Topham
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Ann R Falsey
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
| | - Mary T Caserta
- University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, NY, United States
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Luk SY, Lo SSW, Chu CY, Ma MW. Indurated Penile Swelling as a Rare Initial Clinical Presentation of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma: a Case Report. Hong Kong J Radiol 2019. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1916857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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15
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Tang DCW, Chu CY, Li R, Cheng SWH, Ng RYT, Tse JCH, Lai AYT, Sung THT, Tang KYK, Leung WKW, Khoo JLS. Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischaemic Stroke due to Large-vessel Occlusion: Single-centre Experience. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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16
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Lee GKY, Lee KH, Chu CY, Li HL, Khoo JLS. Non-traumatic Ischiorectal Epidermoid Cyst. Hong Kong J Radiol 2018. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1616403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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17
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Lee BKH, Chu CY, Tang KYK, Cheng Y, Cheung FKY. Gastroduodenal Intussusception Secondary to Hyperplastic Polyps with Adenocarcinoma. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1716435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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18
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Chen KL, Cho YT, Yang CW, Sheen YS, Liang CW, Lacouture ME, Chu CY. Olmutinib-induced palmoplantar keratoderma. Br J Dermatol 2017; 178:e129-e131. [PMID: 28869782 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.15935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K L Chen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital Hsin-Chu Branch, Taiwan
| | - Y T Cho
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Yang
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Y S Sheen
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - C W Liang
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pathology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - M E Lacouture
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, U.S.A
| | - C Y Chu
- Department of Dermatology, National Taiwan University Hospital and National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
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Mariani TJ, Qiu X, Chu C, Wang L, Thakar J, Holden-Wiltse J, Corbett A, Topham DJ, Falsey AR, Caserta MT, Walsh EE. Association of Dynamic Changes in the CD4 T-Cell Transcriptome With Disease Severity During Primary Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Young Infants. J Infect Dis 2017; 216:1027-1037. [PMID: 28962005 PMCID: PMC5853440 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jix400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Nearly all children are infected with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) within the first 2 years of life, with a minority developing severe disease (1%-3% hospitalized). We hypothesized that an assessment of the adaptive immune system, using CD4+ T-lymphocyte transcriptomics, would identify gene expression correlates of disease severity. Methods Infants infected with RSV representing extremes of clinical severity were studied. Mild illness (n = 23) was defined as a respiratory rate (RR) < 55 and room air oxygen saturation (SaO2) ≥ 97%, and severe illness (n = 23) was defined as RR ≥ 65 and SaO2 ≤ 92%. RNA from fresh, sort-purified CD4+ T cells was assessed by RNA sequencing. Results Gestational age, age at illness onset, exposure to environmental tobacco smoke, bacterial colonization, and breastfeeding were associated (adjusted P < .05) with disease severity. RNA sequencing analysis reliably measured approximately 60% of the genome. Severity of RSV illness had the greatest effect size upon CD4 T-cell gene expression. Pathway analysis identified correlates of severity, including JAK/STAT, prolactin, and interleukin 9 signaling. We also identified genes and pathways associated with timing of symptoms and RSV group (A/B). Conclusions These data suggest fundamental changes in adaptive immune cell phenotypes may be associated with RSV clinical severity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology
| | - ChinYi Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program.,Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology
| | | | | | | | | | - Ann R Falsey
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center.,Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
| | | | - Edward E Walsh
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center.,Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital, Rochester, New York
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Chu CY, Tang YK, Chan ATS, Lo SSW. Usg Quiz: A Child with Vomiting and Abdominal Pain. HONG KONG J EMERG ME 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/102490791101800517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Abstract
Objective The classical radiographic signs in acute epiglottitis are qualitative. The purpose of our study was to identify objective radiographic parameters to aid diagnosis of acute epiglottitis in Chinese adults. Methods A case-control study of Chinese adult patients attending the accident and emergency department (AED) who were subsequently diagnosed to have acute epiglottitis from 1st January 2009 to 31st December 2013 in a public hospital in Hong Kong. Controls were one-to-one age- and sex-matched patients who attended the AED during the study period for orthopaedic problems with cervical spine radiographs taken. Cases and controls were retrieved from the hospital computer system and their radiographs were interpreted by two specialist radiologists with various pharyngeal and laryngeal parameters, including the dimensions of the third cervical vertebral body, epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold, hypopharynx, retropharyngeal soft tissue and retrotracheal soft tissue, measured and analysed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios were calculated for each of the parameters. Results Twenty-six patients and 26 age- and sex-matched controls were included in the study. Epiglottis width of 5.5 mm or more was found to be 96.2% sensitive and 100% specific in diagnosing acute epiglottitis. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were infinity and 0.04 respectively. Aryepiglottic fold width of 5.9 mm or more was 92.3% sensitive and 80.8% specific. Positive and negative likelihood ratios were 4.80 and 0.10 respectively. Conclusion The identified objective radiographic parameters should aid in the diagnosis of acute epiglottitis in Chinese adults. (Hong Kong j. emerg.med. 2016;23:168-175)
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Affiliation(s)
| | - NY Pan
- Princess Margaret Hospital, Department of Radiology, 2-10 Princess Margaret Hospital Road, Kwai Chung, N.T., Hong Kong
| | - CY Chu
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Department of Radiology, 3 Lok Man Road, Chai Wan, Hong Kong
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22
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Lai YTA, Chu CY, Sung HT, Tang CW, Leung KW, Lo SWS, Khoo LSJ. Endovascular Therapy for Cerebral Vasospasm Following Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Haemorrhage. Hong Kong J Radiol 2017. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1715387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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23
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Niu QH, Cheng JL, Song XQ, Yang L, Chu CY, Liu H, Zhang LF, Li Y, Li YH. [Correlation between the clinical symptoms and the activation pattern of brain neurons in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi 2017; 97:1290-1294. [PMID: 28482427 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0376-2491.2017.17.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To explore the correlation between clinical symptoms of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and the activation pattern of brain neurons at resting. Methods: A total of 26 patients diagnosed with fist-episode OCD were selected and underwent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scanning at resting state. The fMRI data were processed by statistical parametric mapping (SPM8), Data Processing Assistant for Resting-State fMRI Analysis Toolkit (DPARSFA), and Resting State fMRI Data Analysis Toolkit (REST) software. With age as concomitant variable, Pearson Correlation Analysis was adopted to study the correlation between clinical symptoms (obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior) of patients and their regional homogeneity ( ReHo) values of whole brain. Results: The positive correlation between obsessive thoughts score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in insular_L, insular_R, cerebellum_L, cerebellum_R, calcarine_L, cuneus_L. The negative correlation between obsessive thoughts score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in thalamus_L, precuneus_L, caudate_L, cingulum_R, frontal_R. The positive correlation between compulsive behavior score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in temporal_L, frontal_inf_orb_l, frontal_inf_orb_R, frontal_mid_L, precentral_R. The negative correlation between compulsive behavior score of patients with OCD and ReHo value lied in cingulum-L, cingulum-R, caudate_L. Conclusion: Different obsessive-compulsive symptoms has different image foundation, and the dysfunction of cingulate has a major impact on the incidence of both obsessive thoughts and compulsive behavior of OCD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q H Niu
- Department of Psychiatry, the First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, China
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Chu CY, Qiu X, Wang L, Bhattacharya S, Lofthus G, Corbett A, Holden-Wiltse J, Grier A, Tesini B, Gill SR, Falsey AR, Caserta MT, Walsh EE, Mariani TJ. The Healthy Infant Nasal Transcriptome: A Benchmark Study. Sci Rep 2016; 6:33994. [PMID: 27658638 PMCID: PMC5034274 DOI: 10.1038/srep33994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Responses by resident cells are likely to play a key role in determining the severity of respiratory disease. However, sampling of the airways poses a significant challenge, particularly in infants and children. Here, we report a reliable method for obtaining nasal epithelial cell RNA from infants for genome-wide transcriptomic analysis, and describe baseline expression characteristics in an asymptomatic cohort. Nasal epithelial cells were collected by brushing of the inferior turbinates, and gene expression was interrogated by RNA-seq analysis. Reliable recovery of RNA occurred in the absence of adverse events. We observed high expression of epithelial cell markers and similarity to the transcriptome for intrapulmonary airway epithelial cells. We identified genes displaying low and high expression variability, both inherently, and in response to environmental exposures. The greatest gene expression differences in this asymptomatic cohort were associated with the presence of known pathogenic viruses and/or bacteria. Robust bacteria-associated gene expression patterns were significantly associated with the presence of Moraxella. In summary, we have developed a reliable method for interrogating the infant airway transcriptome by sampling the nasal epithelium. Our data demonstrates both the fidelity and feasibility of our methodology, and describes normal gene expression and variation within a healthy infant cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Xing Qiu
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Lu Wang
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Gerry Lofthus
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Anthony Corbett
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Jeanne Holden-Wiltse
- Department of Biostatistics and Computational Biology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Alex Grier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Brenda Tesini
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Steven R. Gill
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Ann R. Falsey
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Mary T. Caserta
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Edward E. Walsh
- Department of Medicine, Rochester General Hospital University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
| | - Thomas J. Mariani
- Division of Neonatology and Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester NY, USA
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Lee TF, Chu CY, Sung HT, Leung ST, Leung KW, Kan WK. Reduction in Lens Dose in Temporal Bone Computed Tomography by Modification of Scanning Plane. Hong Kong J Radiol 2016. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1615339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lai BMH, Chu CY, Leung BST, Fung VKP, Lee DTF, Sung THT, Khoo JLS. Appendicitis Computed Tomography Score: a Useful Tool for Predicting Perforation and Surgical Course of Acute Appendicitis. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1515310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Lee TF, Chu CY, Cheng CS, Khoo JLS. Incarcerated Right Diaphragmatic Hernia: a Rare Sequela of Open Radiofrequency Ablation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Hong Kong J Radiol 2015. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1514255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Chuang KH, Whitney-Miller CL, Chu CY, Zhou Z, Dokus MK, Schmit S, Barry CT. MicroRNA-494 is a master epigenetic regulator of multiple invasion-suppressor microRNAs by targeting ten eleven translocation 1 in invasive human hepatocellular carcinoma tumors. Hepatology 2015; 62:466-80. [PMID: 25820676 PMCID: PMC4682466 DOI: 10.1002/hep.27816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Vascular invasion provides a direct route for tumor metastasis. The degree to which microRNA (miRNA) expression plays a role in tumor vascular invasion is unclear. Here, we report that miR-494 is up-regulated in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tumors with vascular invasion and can promote HCC cell invasiveness by gene inactivation of multiple invasion-suppressor miRNAs. Our results show that ten eleven translocation (TET) methylcytosine dioxygenase, predominantly TET1 in HCC cells, is a direct target of miR-494. The reduced 5'-hydroxymethylcytosine levels observed in the proximal cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) regions of multiple invasion-suppressor miRNA genes are strongly associated with their transcriptional repression upon miR-494 overexpression, whereas enforced DNA demethylation can abolish the repression. Furthermore, TET1 knockdown shows a similar effect as miR-494 overexpression. Conversely, miR-494 inhibition or enforced TET1 expression is able to restore invasion-suppressor miRNAs and inhibit miR-494-mediated HCC cell invasion. CONCLUSIONS miR-494 can trigger gene silencing of multiple invasion-suppressor miRNAs by inhibiting genomic DNA demethylation by direct targeting of TET1, thereby leading to tumor vascular invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY,Department of Surgery Research, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY,Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY,
Address reprint requests to: Kuang-Hsiang Chuang, Ph.D., Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Avenue, Rochester, NY 14642. E-mail: ; fax: +1-585-276-1201 or Christopher T. Barry, M.D., MOHAN Foundation, 267 Kipauk Garden Road, Chennai 600010, India. E-mail: ; fax: +91-044-26263477
| | - Christa L Whitney-Miller
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY
| | - Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology and Center for Pediatric Biomedical Research, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY,Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY
| | - Zhongren Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY
| | - M Katherine Dokus
- Department of Surgery Research, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY
| | - Shannon Schmit
- Department of Surgery Research, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY
| | - Christopher T Barry
- The Wilmot Cancer Institute, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY,Department of Surgery Research, University of Rochester Medical CenterRochester, NY
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Chu CY, Jiang X, Jinnai H, Pei RY, Lin WF, Tsai JC, Chen HL. Correction: Real-space evidence of the equilibrium ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure of a diblock copolymer. Soft Matter 2015; 11:4142. [PMID: 25939696 DOI: 10.1039/c5sm90077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Correction for 'Real-space evidence of the equilibrium ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure of a diblock copolymer' by C. Y. Chu et al., Soft Matter, 2015, 11, 1871-1876.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan.
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Barry CT, Chuang KH, Whitney-Miller CL, Chu CY, Zhou Z, Katherine Dokus M, Schmit S. MiR-494 is a master epigenetic regulator of multiple invasion-suppressor microRNAs via targeting TET1 in invasive human HCC tumors. Indian Journal of Transplantation 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijt.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
In diffusion magnetic resonance imaging, accurate and reliable estimation of intravoxel fiber architectures is a major prerequisite for tractography algorithms or any other derived statistical analysis. Several methods have been proposed that estimate intravoxel fiber architectures using low angular resolution acquisitions owing to their shorter acquisition time and relatively low b-values. But these methods are highly sensitive to noise. In this work, we propose a nonconvex regularized blind compressed sensing approach to estimate intravoxel fiber architectures in low angular resolution acquisitions. The method models diffusion-weighted (DW) signals as a sparse linear combination of unfixed reconstruction basis functions and introduces a nonconvex regularizer to enhance the noise immunity. We present a general solving framework to simultaneously estimate the sparse coefficients and the reconstruction basis. Experiments on synthetic, phantom, and real human brain DW images demonstrate the superiority of the proposed approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- HIT-INSA Sino French Research Centre fssor Biomedical Imaging, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, People's Republic of China. CREATIS, CNRS UMR 5220, Inserm U630, INSA of Lyon, University of Lyon, Villeurbanne, France
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Chu CY, Jiang X, Jinnai H, Pei RY, Lin WF, Tsai JC, Chen HL. Real-space evidence of the equilibrium ordered bicontinuous double diamond structure of a diblock copolymer. Soft Matter 2015; 11:1871-1876. [PMID: 25635830 DOI: 10.1039/c4sm02608j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ordered bicontinuous double diamond (OBDD) structure has long been believed to be an unstable ordered network nanostructure, which is relative to the ordered bicontinuous double gyroid (OBDG) structure for diblock copolymers. Using electron tomography, we present the first real-space observation of the thermodynamically stable OBDD structure in a diblock copolymer composed of a stereoregular block, syndiotactic polypropylene-block-polystyrene (sPP-b-PS), in which the sPP tetrapods are interconnected via a bicontinuous network with Pn3̄m symmetry. The OBDD structure underwent a thermally reversible order-order transition (OOT) to OBDG upon heating, and the transition was accompanied with a slight reduction of domain spacing, as demonstrated both experimentally and theoretically. The thermodynamic stability of the OBDD structure was attributed to the ability of the configurationally regular sPP block to form helical segments, even above its melting point, as the reduction of internal energy associated with the helix formation may effectively compensate the greater packing frustration in OBDD relative to that in the tripods of OBDG.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Frontier Research Center on Fundamental and Applied Sciences of Matters, National Tsing Hua University, Hsin-Chu 30013, Taiwan.
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Lee BKH, Chu CY, Leung KW, Khoo JLS. Haemorrhagic Complication of Mandibular Metastasis of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Controlled by Endovascular Embolisation. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1414232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Wan AYH, Shih MH, Lai BMH, Chu CY, Tang KYK, Chan RTM, Khoo JLS. Achievable Radiation Dose Reduction with Comparable Image Quality in Chest Radiography. Hong Kong J Radiol 2014. [DOI: 10.12809/hkjr1413198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Bhattacharya S, Zhou Z, Yee M, Chu CY, Lopez AM, Lunger VA, Solleti SK, Resseguie E, Buczynski B, Mariani TJ, O'Reilly MA. The genome-wide transcriptional response to neonatal hyperoxia identifies Ahr as a key regulator. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 307:L516-23. [PMID: 25150061 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00200.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Premature infants requiring supplemental oxygen are at increased risk for developing bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Rodent models involving neonatal exposure to excessive oxygen concentrations (hyperoxia) have helped to identify mechanisms of BPD-associated pathology. Genome-wide assessments of the effects of hyperoxia in neonatal mouse lungs could identify novel BPD-related genes and pathways. Newborn C57BL/6 mice were exposed to 100% oxygen for 10 days, and whole lung tissue RNA was used for high-throughput, sequencing-based transcriptomic analysis (RNA-Seq). Significance Analysis of Microarrays and Ingenuity Pathway Analysis were used to identify genes and pathways affected. Expression patterns for selected genes were validated by qPCR. Mechanistic relationships between genes were further tested in cultured mouse lung epithelial cells. We identified 300 genes significantly and substantially affected following acute neonatal hyperoxia. Canonical pathways dysregulated in hyperoxia lungs included nuclear factor (erythryoid-derived-2)-like 2-mediated oxidative stress signaling, p53 signaling, eNOS signaling, and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (Ahr) pathways. Cluster analysis identified Ccnd1, Cdkn1a, and Ahr as critical regulatory nodes in the response to hyperoxia, with Ahr serving as the major effector node. A mechanistic role for Ahr was assessed in lung epithelial cells, and we confirmed its ability to regulate the expression of multiple hyperoxia markers, including Cdkn1a, Pdgfrb, and A2m. We conclude that a global assessment of gene regulation in the acute neonatal hyperoxia model of BPD-like pathology has identified Ahr as one driver of gene dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyaroop Bhattacharya
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Zhongyang Zhou
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Min Yee
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Perinatal and Pediatric Origins of Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Chin-Yi Chu
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Ashley M Lopez
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Valerie A Lunger
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Siva Kumar Solleti
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Emily Resseguie
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Perinatal and Pediatric Origins of Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Bradley Buczynski
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Perinatal and Pediatric Origins of Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
| | - Thomas J Mariani
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Pediatric Molecular and Personalized Medicine Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; and
| | - Michael A O'Reilly
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York; Perinatal and Pediatric Origins of Disease Program, Department of Pediatrics, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, New York
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Kardaun SH, Sekula P, Valeyrie-Allanore L, Liss Y, Chu CY, Creamer D, Sidoroff A, Naldi L, Mockenhaupt M, Roujeau JC. Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS): an original multisystem adverse drug reaction. Results from the prospective RegiSCAR study. Br J Dermatol 2014; 169:1071-80. [PMID: 23855313 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.12501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 521] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/02/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cases of severe drug hypersensitivity, demonstrating a variable spectrum of cutaneous and systemic involvement, are reported under various names, especially drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS). Case definition and overlap with other severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCAR) are debated. OBJECTIVES To analyse the spectrum of signs and symptoms of DRESS and distribution of causative drugs in a large multicentre series. PATIENTS AND METHODS RegiSCAR, a multinational registry of SCAR, prospectively enrolled 201 potential cases from 2003 to mid-2009. Using a standardized scoring system, 117 cases were validated as showing probable or definite DRESS. RESULTS The male/female ratio was 0.80; females were borderline significantly younger than males. Next to the ubiquitous exanthema, the main features were eosinophilia (95%), visceral involvement (91%), high fever (90%), atypical lymphocytes (67%), mild mucosal involvement (56%) and lymphadenopathy (54%). The reaction was protracted in all but two patients; two patients died during the acute phase. Drug causality was plausible in 88% of cases. Antiepileptic drugs were involved in 35%, allopurinol in 18%, antimicrobial sulfonamides and dapsone in 12% and other antibiotics in 11%. The median time interval after drug intake was 22 days (interquartile range 17-31) for all drugs with (very) probable causality, with differences between drugs. CONCLUSION This prospective observational study supports the hypothesis that DRESS is an original phenotype among SCAR in terms of clinical and biological characteristics, causative drugs, and time relation. The diversity of causative drugs was rather limited, and mortality was lower than that suggested by prior publications.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kardaun
- Department of Dermatology, Reference Center for Cutaneous Adverse Reactions, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713, GZ, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Leung ST, Chu CY, Lai BMH, Cheung FMF, Khoo JLS. Scrotal wall metastasis as the first manifestation of primary gastric adenocarcinoma. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20:70-3. [DOI: 10.12809/hkmj133879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Abstract
Melamine contamination in food has resulted in sickness and deaths of human infants, pets, and farm animals in the past decade. The majority of the victims suffered from acute kidney injury, nephrolithiasis, and urolithiasis. Since then, animal studies have revealed the possible target organs of the melamine toxicity and the extent of the adverse effects of the contaminant. State-of-the-art analytical methods have been developed to achieve the "zero tolerance" aim for such economically motivated adulteration. These studies provide in-depth understanding of the melamine toxicity and promising analytical methods, which can help us safeguard our dairy food source.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Chu
- a Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology , The Chinese University of Hong Kong , Shatin , New Territories , Hong Kong
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Lay CH, Chang FY, Chu CY, Chen CC, Chi YC, Hsieh TT, Huang HH, Lin CY. Enhancement of anaerobic biohydrogen/methane production from cellulose using heat-treated activated sludge. Water Sci Technol 2011; 63:1849-1854. [PMID: 21902022 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2011.390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is an effective technology to convert cellulosic wastes to methane and hydrogen. Heat-treatment is a well known method to inhibit hydrogen-consuming bacteria in using anaerobic mixed cultures for seeding. This study aims to investigate the effects of heat-treatment temperature and time on activated sludge for fermentative hydrogen production from alpha-cellulose by response surface methodology. Hydrogen and methane production was evaluated based on the production rate and yield (the ability of converting cellulose into hydrogen and methane) with heat-treated sludge as the seed at various temperatures (60-97 degrees C) and times (20-60 min). Batch experiments were conducted at 55 degrees C and initial pH of 8.0. The results indicate that hydrogen and methane production yields peaked at 4.3 mmol H2/g cellulose and 11.6 mmol CH4/g cellulose using the seed activated sludge that was thermally treated at 60 degrees C for 40 min. These parameter values are higher than those of no-treatment seed (HY 3.6 mmol H2/g cellulose and MY 10.4 mmol CH4/g cellulose). The maximum hydrogen production rate of 26.0 mmol H2/L/d and methane production rate of 23.2 mmol CH4/L/d were obtained for the seed activated sludge that was thermally treated at 70 degrees C for 50 min and 60 degrees C for 40 min, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- C H Lay
- Department of Environmental Engineering and Science, Feng Chia University, Taichung, Chinese Taiwan.
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Khaw KS, Ngan Kee WD, Chu CY, Ng FF, Tam WH, Critchley LAH, Rogers MS, Wang CC. Effects of different inspired oxygen fractions on lipid peroxidation during general anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section. Br J Anaesth 2010; 105:355-60. [PMID: 20576633 DOI: 10.1093/bja/aeq154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND During general anaesthesia (GA) for Caesarean section (CS), fetal oxygenation is increased by administering an inspired oxygen fraction (Fi(o(2))) of 1.0. However, it is unclear whether such high Fi(o(2)) will increase oxygen free radical activity. METHODS We randomized 39 ASA I-II parturients undergoing elective CS under GA to receive 30% (Gp 30), 50% (Gp 50), or 100% (Gp 100) oxygen with nitrous oxide and sevoflurane adjusted to provide equivalent minimum alveolar concentration. Baseline maternal arterial blood before preoxygenation and maternal arterial, umbilical arterial and venous blood at delivery were sampled for assays of the by-product of lipid peroxidation, isoprostane, and for measurement of blood gases and oxygen content. RESULTS Maternal and umbilical isoprostane concentrations were similar among the three groups at delivery, despite significantly increased maternal and fetal oxygenation in Gp 100. However, paired comparisons of maternal delivery vs baseline concentration of isoprostane showed an increase at delivery for all groups [Gp 30: mean 342 (sd 210) vs 154 (65) pg ml(-1), P=0.016; Gp 50: 284 (129) vs 156 (79) pg ml(-1), P=0.009; Gp 100: 332 (126) vs 158 (68) pg ml(-1), P<0.001]. The magnitude of increase was similar in all three groups and independent of the Fi(o(2)) or duration after induction. CONCLUSIONS GA for CS is associated with a marked increase in free radical activity in the mother and baby. The mechanism is unclear but it is independent of the inspired oxygen in the anaesthetic mixture. Therefore, when 100% oxygen is administered with sevoflurane for GA, fetal oxygenation can be increased, without inducing an increase in lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Khaw
- Department of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.
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Pong JCF, Chu CY, Chu KO, Poon TCW, Ngai SM, Pang CP, Wang CC. Identification of hemopexin in tear film. Anal Biochem 2010; 404:82-5. [PMID: 20450875 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Human tear fluid is a complex mixture of aqueous lipids, proteins, enzymes, and other biochemical and cellular elements. By conventional comparative proteomic approaches, we investigated the proteome in human tear fluid and compared the tear protein profile of normal control subjects with that of patients suffering from the ocular inflammatory disease vernal keratoconjunctivitis (VKC). Collected tear samples were directed to two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis protein separation and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry peptide identification. Six differentially expressed proteins-interleukin 4, phospholipase A2, albumin, lactoferrin, hemopexin, and lipocalin-were displayed. Hemopexin had not been reported previously in tear film. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay confirmed that hemopexin concentrations were significantly higher in VKC tear samples and increased with disease stages. The results implied clinical interest of hemopexin in the tear proteome and eye diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey C F Pong
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Eye Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong
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Chuang KH, Altuwaijri S, Li G, Lai JJ, Chu CY, Lai KP, Lin HY, Hsu JW, Keng P, Wu MC, Chang C. Neutropenia with impaired host defense against microbial infection in mice lacking androgen receptor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 206:1181-99. [PMID: 19414555 PMCID: PMC2715023 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20082521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils, the major phagocytes that form the first line of cell-mediated defense against microbial infection, are produced in the bone marrow and released into the circulation in response to granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF). Here, we report that androgen receptor knockout (ARKO) mice are neutropenic and susceptible to acute bacterial infection, whereas castration only results in moderate neutrophil reduction in mice and humans. Androgen supplement can restore neutrophil counts via stabilizing AR in castrated mice, but not in ARKO and testicular feminization mutant (Tfm) mice. Our results show that deletion of the AR gene does not influence myeloid lineage commitment, but significantly reduces the proliferative activity of neutrophil precursors and retards neutrophil maturation. CXCR2-dependent migration is also decreased in ARKO neutrophils as compared with wild-type controls. G-CSF is unable to delay apoptosis in ARKO neutrophils, and ARKO mice show a poor granulopoietic response to exogenous G-CSF injection. In addition, AR can restore G-CSF–dependent granulocytic differentiation upon transduction into ARKO progenitors. We further found that AR augments G-CSF signaling by activating extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and also by sustaining Stat3 activity via diminishing the inhibitory binding of PIAS3 to Stat3. Collectively, our findings demonstrate an essential role for AR in granulopoiesis and host defense against microbial infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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Xu H, Lui WT, Chu CY, Ng PS, Wang CC, Rogers MS. Anti-angiogenic effects of green tea catechin on an experimental endometriosis mouse model. Hum Reprod 2008; 24:608-18. [PMID: 19088106 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/den417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of new blood vessels plays an essential role in growth and survival of endometriosis. Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) from green tea has powerful anti-angiogenic properties and our aim was to evaluate these properties in experimental endometriosis. METHODS AND RESULTS Eutopic endometrium from endometriosis patients was transplanted s.c. to severely compromised immunodeficient mice, randomly treated i.p. with EGCG (anti-angiogenic and -oxidant), Vitamin E (a non-angiogenic antioxidant) or saline for 2 weeks. The endometrial implant, including adjacent host outer skin and subcutaneous layers plus inner abdominal muscle and peritoneum, was collected. New microvessels were determined by species-specific immunohistochemistry. Angiogenic factors in lesions and abdominal muscle were detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Apoptosis was studied by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling and quantitative real-time PCR. In saline control, endometrial implants developed new blood vessels with proliferating glandular epithelium and were tightly adhered to host subcutaneous and abdominal muscle layers. After EGCG, endometriotic lesions were smaller than control (P < 0.05), and glandular epithelium was smaller and eccentrically distributed. Angiogenesis in lesions from the implant and adjacent tissues was under-developed, and microvessel size and density were lower (both P < 0.01) than control. mRNA for angiogenic vascular endothelial growth factor A, but not hypoxia inducible factor 1, alpha subunit, was significantly down-regulated in lesions after EGCG (P < 0.05). In addition, apoptosis in the lesions was more obvious, and nuclear factor kappa B and mitogen activated protein kinase 1 mRNA levels were up-regulated (P < 0.05) after EGCG treatment. No differences were observed with Vitamin E treatment. CONCLUSIONS EGCG significantly inhibits the development of experimental endometriosis through anti-angiogenic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong
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Choy KW, Liu YM, Chu CY, Wang CC, Lui WT, Lee LL, Pang MW, Rogers MS, Yip SK. High isoprostane level in cardinal ligament-derived fibroblasts and urine sample of women with uterine prolapse. BJOG 2008; 115:1179-83. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1471-0528.2008.01806.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lin YT, Wang CT, Lee JH, Chu CY, Tsao WC, Yang YH, Chiang BL. Higher Bcl-2 levels decrease staphylococcal superantigen-induced apoptosis of CD4+ T cells in atopic dermatitis. Allergy 2007; 62:520-6. [PMID: 17313401 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Staphylococcal superantigens (SsAgs) contribute to the persistence of allergic skin inflammation in atopic dermatitis (AD). The aims of this study were to (1) determine whether there are differences between AD patients and healthy subjects in SsAg-induced caspase-3 activation and SsAg-induced changes of anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of CD4+ T cells; (2) investigate the effect of interleukin (IL)-4 on SsAg-induced caspase-3 activation and SsAg-induced changes of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA levels of CD4+ T cells. METHODS Using immunofluorescence staining followed by flow cytometric analysis and real-time PCR, we analyzed peripheral blood mononuclear cells with or without staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB) stimulation in the presence or absence of recombinant IL-4 or anti-IL-4 neutralizing antibodies in 16 AD patients and 14 healthy subjects. RESULTS SEB-reactive (TCRVbeta3+, Vbeta12+, and Vbeta17+) CD4+ T cells from AD patients were more resistant to SEB-induced caspase-3 activation and SEB-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA than those from healthy subjects. Exogenously added IL-4 inhibited SEB-induced caspase-3 activation and SEB-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA in SEB-reactive CD4+ T cells from healthy subjects. Inhibition of endogenous IL-4 by using anti-IL-4 neutralizing antibodies up-regulated SEB-induced caspase-3 activation and SEB-induced decrease of Bcl-2 and Bcl-2 mRNA in SEB-reactive CD4+ T cells from AD patients. CONCLUSIONS Following SsAg stimulation, IL-4 produced by T cells in AD patients down-regulates SsAg-induced caspase-3 activation and apoptosis of CD4+ T cells through inhibiting the decrease of Bcl-2. This may impair deletion of SsAg-activated T cells and resolution of allergic skin inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y T Lin
- Department of Pediatrics, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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Chu KO, Wang CC, Chu CY, Choy KW, Pang CP, Rogers MS. Uptake and distribution of catechins in fetal organs following in utero exposure in rats. Hum Reprod 2006; 22:280-7. [PMID: 16959805 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/del353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although catechins are known to be powerful antioxidants, no reports have shown their transport to fetal organs. We investigated the distribution of catechins in fetal rat organs after maternal exposure to green tea extract (GTE). METHODS GTE (550 mg/kg) or water was fed orally to pregnant dams at 15.5 days of gestation, the dams were sacrificed and fetal organs were dissected 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 5, and 8 h later. Catechins and catechin gallates were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) after solid-phase extraction. RESULTS In the GTE-treated group, catechins were detected in most of the fetal organs studied, including the brain, eyes, heart, lungs, kidneys and liver but not in the control group. The first peak times (T(max)) were about 0.5-1 h. The maximum concentrations (C(max)) of catechins in the fetal eye were about 2-10 times higher than in the other organs, ranging from 249 pmol/g for epicatechin (EC) to 831 pmol/g for epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG). Catechin gallates were generally more readily taken up by fetal organs than catechins. EGCG had the highest level of uptake according to area under the curve (AUC) plots and the highest C(max) in all organs. CONCLUSIONS Various fetal organs had low but significant levels of catechins after GTE intake by the dams, and organ levels were found to be related to catechin structure. EGCG could be a potential candidate for antioxidant supplementation of the fetus in utero.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Chu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The Chinese Univerity of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the relationship between the levels of maternal oxidative stress and glycaemia during pregnancy and to compare the predictive values of 8-epimer of prostaglandin F(2alpha) (8-isoPGF(2alpha)) and mean arterial pressure (MAP) in midpregnancy for the development of hypertensive complications in later pregnancy. DESIGN Prospective observational study as an ancillary study to the Hyperglycaemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome (HAPO) study. SETTING Obstetric clinics and wards of a university teaching hospital in Hong Kong. POPULATION Selected women with singleton pregnancies attending the antenatal clinic. METHODS Pregnant women who met HAPO inclusion criteria were recruited for the study. Glucose tolerance was assessed by a 75-g 2-hour oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 24-32 weeks of gestation. Fasting plasma samples for 8-isoPGF(2alpha) estimation and urine samples for 8-isoPGF(2alpha) and 2,3-dinor 8-isoPGF(2alpha) assays were collected and blood pressures measured during the OGTT visit. Random plasma and urine samples were also obtained at 34-37 weeks. Glucose results were unblinded to the attending obstetrician if limits preset under the HAPO protocol were met. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Maternal plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) and urinary 8-isoPGF(2alpha) and 2,3-dinor 8-isoPGF(2alpha) both at the time of OGTT (24-32 weeks) and at 34-37 weeks of gestation. Incidence of pre-eclampsia and gestational hypertension. RESULTS Of the 408 women who attended for OGTT at 24-32 weeks, two met the glucose criteria for unblinding and 25 had missing 8-isoPGF(2alpha) values and thus were excluded from analysis. Of the 381 women, 338 (88.7%) attended for random plasma samples at 34-37 weeks. Significant correlations were observed between maternal fasting plasma isoprostane and both fasting (r= 0.20; P < 0.001) and 2-hour (r= 0.39; P < 0.001) plasma glucose levels at the time of OGTT. Gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia occurred in 17 (4.2%) women, and at the time of OGTT, they had significantly higher fasting plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) (P < 0.001), urine 8-isoPGF(2alpha) (P < 0.005) and urine 2,3-dinor 8-isoPGF(2alpha) to creatinine ratios (P < 0.001), as well as higher MAP (P < 0.001) than women who remained normotensive. At 34-37 weeks, only random plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) was significantly higher (P < 0.001) among the women with gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia. CONCLUSIONS Plasma markers of oxidative stress were positively correlated with plasma glucose at the time of OGTT (24-32 weeks). Women who subsequently developed gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia had significantly higher plasma and urine markers of oxidative stress at the time of OGTT but only higher plasma markers at 34-37 weeks. Plasma 8-isoPGF(2alpha) appears to be a very good predictor of subsequent gestational hypertension/pre-eclampsia when measured at the time of OGTT, but its ability to discriminate deteriorates as pregnancy advances.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Rogers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong.
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Chuang KH, Lee YF, Lin WJ, Chu CY, Altuwaijri S, Wan YJY, Chang C. 9-cis-Retinoic Acid Inhibits Androgen Receptor Activity through Activation of Retinoid X Receptor. Mol Endocrinol 2005; 19:1200-12. [PMID: 15650026 DOI: 10.1210/me.2004-0181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Although the retinoic X receptor (RXR) forms heterodimers with many members of the estrogen receptor subfamily, the interaction between RXR and the members of the glucocorticoid receptor subfamily remains unclear. Here we show that the RXR can form a heterodimer with the androgen receptor (AR) under in vitro and in vivo conditions. Functional analyses further demonstrated that the AR, in the presence or absence of androgen, can function as a repressor to suppress RXR target genes, thereby preventing the RXR binding to the RXR DNA response element. In contrast, RXR can function as a repressor to suppress AR target genes in the presence of 9-cis-retinoic acid, but unliganded RXR can function as a weak coactivator to moderately enhance AR transactivation. Together, these results not only reveal a unique interaction between members of the two nuclear receptor subfamilies, but also represent the first evidence showing a nuclear receptor (RXR) may function as either a repressor or a coactivator based on the ligand binding status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuang-Hsiang Chuang
- George Whipple Laboratory for Cancer Research, Department of Pathology, University of Rochester Medical Center, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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