1
|
Xu DD, Xu CB, Lam HM, Wong FL, Leung AWN, Leong MML, Cho WCS, Hoeven R, Lv Q, Rong R. Proteomic analysis reveals that pheophorbide a-mediated photodynamic treatment inhibits prostate cancer growth by hampering GDP-GTP exchange of ras-family proteins. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2018; 23:35-39. [PMID: 29800714 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We previously reported that pheophorbide a (PhA), excited by 630 nm light, significantly inhibited the growth of prostate cancer cells. In this study, we employed whole-cell proteomics to investigate photodynamic treatment (PDT)-related proteins. METHODS Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was employed to reveal the proteins involved in PhA-mediated PDT in LNCaP and PC-3 prostate cancer cells. RESULTS After PhA-PDT treatment, decreased expression of translationally-controlled tumor protein (TCTP) was found in both PC-3 and LNCaP whole-cell proteomes. In contrast, human rab GDP dissociation inhibitor (GDI) in LNCaP cells and ras-related homologs GDI in PC-3 cells were up-regulated. CONCLUSIONS GDP-GTP exchange is an underlying target of photodynamic treatment in prostate cancer cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Xu
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| | - Chong Bing Xu
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hon Ming Lam
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Fuk-Ling Wong
- School of Life Science, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | | | - Merrin Man Long Leong
- Department of Clinical Oncology, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - William Chi Shing Cho
- Department of Clinical Oncology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Robin Hoeven
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology and Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Qingtao Lv
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Rong Rong
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Xu DD, Lam HM, Hoeven R, Xu CB, Leung AWN, Cho WCS. Photodynamic therapy induced cell death of hormone insensitive prostate cancer PC-3 cells with autophagic characteristics. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2013; 10:278-87. [PMID: 23993854 DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2013.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2012] [Revised: 12/18/2012] [Accepted: 01/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The introduction of photodynamic therapy (PDT) to the treatment of advanced prostate cancer can accomplish the eradication of local neoplasm and distant metastases with minimized damage to the adjacent structures. The evidence of PDT efficacy for androgen-refractory prostate cancer will be especially meaningful for the patients resistant to hormone therapy. METHODS Pheophorbide a (PhA) as a photosensitizer was employed to evaluate the photodynamic efficacy in androgen-insensitive PC-3 prostate cancer cells in culture by cell viability assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) measurement and cell cycle test. Characteristics of apoptosis and autophagy were investigated via DNA fragmentation electrophoresis and immune-fluorescence staining, acidic vesicle determination and detection of LC3B in puncta form by fluorescence microscopy, Western blotting of autophagy-related (Atg) proteins and detailed phenotype shown by electron microscopy. RESULTS PhA exerted significant photo-cytotoxicity toward androgen-insensitive prostate cancer PC-3 cells in photosensitizer-dose and light-dose dependent manners. The photoactivation immediately initiated hyperproduction of ROS, the depolarization of mitochondrial membrane potential and the arrest of the cell cycle in the G0/G1 phase. Autophagy was revealed in PhA-PDT treated PC-3 cells by a significant high amount of acidic vesicular organelles with acridine orange staining, recruitment of LC3B on the membrane of autophagosomes by fluorescent microscopy, double membrane-bound vesicles suggesting autophagosomes by electron microscopy, significant increased Atg proteins such as beclin-1, Atg12-Atg5 conjugation, Atg7 and the conversion of LC3B-I to LC3B-II by Western blot analysis. CONCLUSIONS PhA-mediated PDT induced significant autophagy in hormone-refractory prostate cancer PC-3 cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dan Dan Xu
- School of Chinese Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhao BH, Xu CB. [Cloning and expression of ScFv gene against alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens type A]. Sheng Wu Gong Cheng Xue Bao 2001; 17:543-7. [PMID: 11797218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
The VH and VL genes from a hybridoma cell line producing mouse McAb against alpha-toxin of Clostridium perfringens type A were amplified by RT-PCR. The VH and VL genes were connected thought a flexible linker (Gly4Ser)3 and the VH-linker-VL (ScFv) gene was cloned into a vector pGEM-T. The ScFv gene consists of 726 bp encoding 242 amino acid residues. Both VH and VL genes were confirmed as functionally rearranged mouse immunoglobulin variable region. According to kabat classed method, the VH and VL gene segments belong to mouse Ig heavy chain subgroup II (B) and kappa light chain subgroup III respectively. The ScFv gene was amplified inserted the expression vector pHOG21 and transformed into E coli XL1-BLUE. The ScFv protein was highly expressed in recombinant strain XL1-BLUE (pHOG-2E3) and the expression level of the ScFv was about 25% of total bacteria protein by SDS-PAGE. The neutralization assay showed that the expressed ScFv protein could neutralize the phospholipase C activities of alpha-toxin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- B H Zhao
- College of Life Science, Hebei Normal University, Shijiazhuang 050016, China
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Saetrum Opgaard O, Adner M, Peters TH, Xu CB, Stavenow L, Gulbenkian S, Erlinge D, Edvinsson L, Sharma HS. Endocardial expression and functional characterization of endothelin-1. Mol Cell Biochem 2001; 224:151-8. [PMID: 11693192 DOI: 10.1023/a:1011952504093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1), a 21 amino acid peptide exerts a wide range of biological activities including vasoconstriction, mitogenesis and inotropic effects on the heart. In this study, we examined whether endocardial endothelial cells express ET-1 and evaluated its functional properties. Using immunofluorescence localization method, we demonstrated cytoplasmic staining of ET-1 in the human endocardial endothelial cells from the right atrium and left ventricle. Employing reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) expression of ET-1 mRNA and its receptors ET(A) and ET(B) mRNAs were found in human myocardial as well as in endocardial endothelial cells. Biological activity of endocardial endothelial cells derived ET-1 was established as the conditioned media obtained from cultured porcine endocardial endothelial cells induced a slowly developing, strong and long-lasting contraction of circular rat aortic segments, with similar characteristics to that obtained with exogenous ET-1. Furthermore, the selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, FR 139317, blocked the conditioned media induced contractions. Our results suggest that endocardial endothelial cells express and release biologically active ET-1 which could play a pivotal role in the regulation of myocardial contractility as well as a circulatory peptide may further act in other peripheral target organs.
Collapse
|
5
|
Yin CL, Xu CB, Wang SW. [Effect of aloe-emodin on c-myc gene expression of cultured vascular smooth muscle cells of injured artery]. Zhongguo Zhong Xi Yi Jie He Za Zhi 2001; 21:525-7, 537. [PMID: 12575400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the molecular mechanism of aloe-emodin (AE) in inhibiting smooth muscle cells' (SMC) proliferation. METHODS Deendothelialization was performed in abdominal aorta of Japanese white ear rabbits by using 3F Fogarty arterial embolectomy catheter. The media of abdominal aorta was isolated 48 hrs later for performing primary SMC culture. Cells were synchronized with G0/G1 phase by serum starvation, the AE was then added to the culture medium of experimental group, at a concentration of 20 micrograms/ml, and to the control group, equal volume of culture solution was added instead. The c-myc mRNA and protein expressions were examined 3 hrs later by using techniques of Northern blotting, Western blotting and immunocytochemistry respectively. RESULTS In comparing with the control group, neither the expression of c-myc mRNA nor the expression of c-myc protein was changed after addition of AE. CONCLUSION The inhibition of AE on SMC might not be due to influencing c-myc expression, but via other pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C L Yin
- Department of Cardiology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Affiliation(s)
- N M Morel
- Microvascular Research Laboratory, Boston University, Massachusetts 02215, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Zhao RC, Huang W, Xu XY, Tong XM, Qu YZ, Xu CB, Xue P. Abnormal branching ratios in laser-excited Rydberg series of Yb+, Ba+, and Sr+. Phys Rev A 1996; 53:3994-3999. [PMID: 9913363 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.53.3994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
8
|
Stavenow L, Lindblad B, Xu CB. Unfractionated heparin and low molecular weight heparin do not inhibit the growth of proliferating human arterial smooth muscle cells in culture. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg 1995; 10:215-9. [PMID: 7655975 DOI: 10.1016/s1078-5884(05)80115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To clarify the effects of unfractionated heparin (UH) and low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) on proliferating human smooth muscle cells (SMC) compared to growth arrested SMC. DESIGN A cell culture study where proliferating SMC were exposed to different concentrations of UH and LMWH and the effect on proliferation and collagen secretion was studied. Growth arrested SMC were stimulated with serum and the effect of UH on proliferation was measured. SETTING Sections of Medical Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden. MATERIALS Human SMC were established from arterial tissue obtained at vascular surgery or at organ donation. CHIEF OUTCOME MEASURES Effects of UH and LMWH on total cellular DNA, 3H-thymidine incorporation and collagen secretion using proliferating and growth arrested human SMC in culture. MAIN RESULTS In proliferating SMC that had not been growth arrested, 1 and 10 IU/ml UH and LMWH significantly increased total cellular DNA compared to controls while DNA synthesis was not influenced. The higher cellular DNA was probably not a consequence of increased proliferation as DNA synthesis was not affected by UH or LMWH. The increased total cellular DNA could instead be due to reduced cell death. Higher concentrations (10 IU/ml) of UH and LMWH also increased collagen secretion. In control experiments with UH DNA, synthesis was decreased in stimulated human SMC that had been growth arrested previously to heparin exposure. CONCLUSIONS The effects of UH and LMWH on SMC proliferation will depend on the proliferative state of the SMC. The results might be of relevance for the understanding of the atherosclerotic process and for pharmacologic interventions to prevent restenosis after angioplasty or surgery.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- L Stavenow
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Malmö, University of Lund, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Xu CB, Stavenow L, Pessah-Rasmussen H. Interactions between cultured bovine arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells; effects of modulated low density lipoproteins on cell proliferation and prostacyclin release. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1994; 54:191-8. [PMID: 8036444 DOI: 10.1080/00365519409088424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
We exposed bovine aortic endothelial cells in culture to native LDL (n-LDL) and LDL modulated by dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO-LDL), dimethylsulfoxide-soluble particles from cigarette smoke (DSP-LDL) or Cu2+ (Cu(2+)-LDL) to explore the hypothesis that these LDL-forms might influence interactions between endothelial and smooth muscle cells. It was shown that 3H-thymidine incorporation into endothelial cells was decreased by DMSO-LDL, DSP-LDL and Cu(2+)-LDL compared to n-LDL, while it was higher by DSP-LDL compared to its control i.e. DMSO-LDL. These effects could be transferred by conditioned medium to smooth muscle cell cultures. DSP-LDL or Cu(2+)-LDL decreased total cellular protein of endothelial cells. Initial (15 min) prostacyclin release from endothelial cells was increased by all LDL preparations compared to medium without LDL, most pronounced for Cu(2+)-LDL. If n-LDL was control, only Cu(2+)-LDL significantly increased the release of prostacyclin during 15 min and during 24 h. The release of prostacyclin assayed after 24 h was depressed by DSP-LDL compared to DMSO-LDL. This study demonstrated that interactions between endothelial and smooth muscle cells could be influenced by LDL treated by dimethylsulfoxide-soluble particles from cigarette smoke or by Cu2+, and their effects were not similar. DSP-LDL, in contrast to Cu(2+)-LDL, significantly decreased the release of prostacyclin by endothelial cells after 24 h incubations and via endothelial cell conditioned medium stimulated smooth muscle cell proliferation judged by increased 3H-thymidine incorporation. The results might be of relevance for atherogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Huang W, Xu XY, Xu CB, Xue M, Li LQ, Chen DY. Observation of strong electronic correlation for highly excited double Rydberg states of ytterbium. Phys Rev A 1994; 49:R653-R656. [PMID: 9910398 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.49.r653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
|
11
|
Xu CB, Jiang BQ, Wang WM, Chen H, Guo DJ, Shen D, Chen BX, Mehta SS. Percutaneous transluminal excimer laser coronary angioplasty. Clinical report of six cases. Chin Med J (Engl) 1994; 107:19-24. [PMID: 8187568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Six patients with 95% to 100% occluded atherosclerotic lesions underwent percutaneous transluminal excimer laser coronary angioplasty (PTELCA). Among them, 5 were male and 1 was female; their age ranged from 28 to 66 years. Four patients had LAD stenosis and 2 LCX lesions. Acute angiographic and clinical success was achieved in all patients but one, with a success rate of 83.3%. It was demonstrated that PTELCA is a safe and effective therapy for selected patients with coronary artery disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Cardiovascular Institute, People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Pessah-Rasmussen H, Seidegård J, Stavenow L, Solem JO, Lindblad B, Xu CB. Glutathione transferase activity in human vessels and in cultured arterial smooth muscle cells. INT ANGIOL 1993; 12:348-54. [PMID: 8207312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione transferases play an important role in the detoxification of many different endogeneous and exogenous compounds such as metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) of cigarette tar. There is evidence that PAH may be atherogenic. The glutathione transferase activity towards trans-stilbene oxide (GST-tSBO) can be separated in blood in GST-positive and GST-negative phenotypes. We have previously suggested that the GST-negative phenotype may be associated with a higher morbidity in intermittent claudication among middle aged smokers. In the present study, GST-tSBO could easily be measured in human, rabbit and bovine arterial smooth muscle cells (SMC) in culture. The level of GST-tSBO was higher in rabbit than in bovine SMC. It was stable in bovine SMC during 5 cell passages and it could be induced twofold by long-time incubation with dimethylsulfoxide-soluble particulate matter from cigarette smoke or 3,4-benzo(a)pyrene. There was a positive correlation between the level of GST-tSBO in blood and in "healthy" arterial and venous tissue from individuals operated with coronary bypass. The enzyme levels in arterial tissue were lower than in venous tissue. GST-tSBO in atherosclerotic segments of human arteries was lower than in "healthy" segments from the same artery. These findings suggest that the arterial wall may have a low defense against toxic compounds that may decrease further as atherosclerosis proceeds. It is concluded that SMC are suitable for the study of the effects of PAH in relation to GST-tSBO and that the enzyme activity in blood will reflect the individual GST-tSBO phenotype also in vascular tissues.
Collapse
|
13
|
Xu CB, Stavenow L, Liao W, Erlinge D, Edvinsson L. Interactions between cultured bovine arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells: studies on uptake and degradation of low density lipoproteins by smooth muscle cells. Pharmacol Toxicol 1993; 73:269-73. [PMID: 8115309 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1993.tb00583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the effects of substances released from non-injured and injured bovine arterial endothelial cells on 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells in culture. It was demonstrated that endothelial cell-released non-dialysable (molecular weight cut off 12-14000) substances significantly stimulated 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells. Endothelial cell-released dialysable substances and endothelin-1 did not cause this stimulation. The increase in 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells could be dissociated from cell proliferation. However, in endothelial cell-smooth muscle cell co-culture 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake and degradation by smooth muscle cells were not stimulated. Injury to endothelial cells by lipid-soluble smoke particles or ultraviolet light, which reduced total cellular protein by 15-25%, enhanced the endothelial cell release of the substances stimulating 125I-low density lipoprotein uptake. The results are discussed in relation to atherogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Aorta, Thoracic/cytology
- Aorta, Thoracic/metabolism
- Azepines/pharmacology
- Blood Proteins/pharmacology
- Cattle
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelin Receptor Antagonists
- Endothelins/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Lipoproteins, LDL/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Radiation Injuries, Experimental
- Smoke
- Thymidine/pharmacology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
14
|
Xu CB. [Percutaneous transluminal peripheral excimer-laser angioplasty: two successful cases report]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 1993; 21:161-2, 187-8. [PMID: 8243231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The excimer-laser (XeC1) operating at 308 nm, ablates by means of photochemical mechanisms with minimal thermal injury. Two male patients, 53 years and 67 years, with symptomatic peripheral vascular disease underwent percutaneous transluminal excimer-laser angioplasty (PTPELA). Both of them experienced claudication at a short walking distance and had superficial femoral or initial segmental femoral occlusions from 4 cm to 7 cm in length. The laser emitted 120ns pulses at 20 Hz with delivering 16-18 mJ by 7F and 9F catheter, energy density was about 4mJ/mm. The irradiation time was 157 seconds and 185 seconds respectively. Successful recanalization occurred in our two cases, the residual stenosis were less than 20%. The acute outcome was good without any complications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- People's Hospital, Beijing Medical University
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Xu CB, Verwaerde C, Gras-Masse H, Fontaine J, Bossus M, Trottein F, Wolowczuk I, Tartar A, Capron A. Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase and immunity against parasite fecundity and egg viability. Role of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains. J Immunol 1993; 150:940-9. [PMID: 8423348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We have previously shown that a mAb that inhibits the enzymatic activity of the Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sm28 GST) also reduces female worm fecundity and egg viability in vivo and in vitro. By peptidic epitope mapping and an activity reconstitution assay, the carboxyl terminus (CT) amino acid residues 190-211 and to a lesser extent the truncated amino terminus (NT) residues 10-43 of the enzyme were identified as mAb recognition sites. Sera from rats immunized with the NT (10-43) and CT (190-211) peptides showed a partial inhibitory effect on Sm28 GST activity in a late phase (6 to 7 wk) but not in an early phase (2 to 4 wk) after immunization. Passive transfer of Sm28 GST-inhibiting anti-N- and C-terminal sera, but not of the noninhibitory sera, protected the infected mice by reducing tissue egg deposition and the ability of eggs to hatch. In active immunization experiments, the CT peptide significantly decreased the worm burden (37 to 40%) in mice as did the rSm28 GST (28 to 52%). In terms of tissue egg deposition and egg-hatching ability, immunization with both the NT and CT peptides reproduced the reduction observed after immunization with rSm28 GST. A constant reduction in egg numbers was noted in the small intestines and the livers of the immunized mice. A clear reduction in the ability of intestinal or hepatic eggs to hatch was observed. The results are discussed in terms of the conformational participation of the NT and CT of Sm28 in the expression of GST activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Xu CB, Verwaerde C, Gras-Masse H, Fontaine J, Bossus M, Trottein F, Wolowczuk I, Tartar A, Capron A. Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase and immunity against parasite fecundity and egg viability. Role of the amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.150.3.940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
We have previously shown that a mAb that inhibits the enzymatic activity of the Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sm28 GST) also reduces female worm fecundity and egg viability in vivo and in vitro. By peptidic epitope mapping and an activity reconstitution assay, the carboxyl terminus (CT) amino acid residues 190-211 and to a lesser extent the truncated amino terminus (NT) residues 10-43 of the enzyme were identified as mAb recognition sites. Sera from rats immunized with the NT (10-43) and CT (190-211) peptides showed a partial inhibitory effect on Sm28 GST activity in a late phase (6 to 7 wk) but not in an early phase (2 to 4 wk) after immunization. Passive transfer of Sm28 GST-inhibiting anti-N- and C-terminal sera, but not of the noninhibitory sera, protected the infected mice by reducing tissue egg deposition and the ability of eggs to hatch. In active immunization experiments, the CT peptide significantly decreased the worm burden (37 to 40%) in mice as did the rSm28 GST (28 to 52%). In terms of tissue egg deposition and egg-hatching ability, immunization with both the NT and CT peptides reproduced the reduction observed after immunization with rSm28 GST. A constant reduction in egg numbers was noted in the small intestines and the livers of the immunized mice. A clear reduction in the ability of intestinal or hepatic eggs to hatch was observed. The results are discussed in terms of the conformational participation of the NT and CT of Sm28 in the expression of GST activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - C Verwaerde
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - H Gras-Masse
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - J Fontaine
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - M Bossus
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - F Trottein
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - I Wolowczuk
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - A Tartar
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - A Capron
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité INSERM 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Grzych JM, Grezel D, Xu CB, Neyrinck JL, Capron M, Ouma JH, Butterworth AE, Capron A. IgA antibodies to a protective antigen in human Schistosomiasis mansoni. J Immunol 1993; 150:527-35. [PMID: 8419485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The specific IgA antibody responses to the protective recombinant Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase (Sm28GST) Ag and to derived synthetic peptides have been evaluated before and 6 mo after chemotherapy in S. mansoni-infected patients from Kenya. These studies revealed a parallelism between the age-dependent evolution of IgA antibody levels to Sm28GST and to one synthetic peptide (115-131) and the acquisition of resistance to reinfection. Functional analysis revealed that IgA antibodies to Sm28GST displayed a potent neutralizing effect on the enzymatic properties of the molecule, and also markedly impaired schistosome fecundity, by limiting both the egg laying of mature worms and the hatching capacity of schistosome eggs into viable miracidia. These results suggest that, in addition to IgE, IgA antibodies might participate in the protective immune response against schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Grzych
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Grzych JM, Grezel D, Xu CB, Neyrinck JL, Capron M, Ouma JH, Butterworth AE, Capron A. IgA antibodies to a protective antigen in human Schistosomiasis mansoni. The Journal of Immunology 1993. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.150.2.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The specific IgA antibody responses to the protective recombinant Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione-S-transferase (Sm28GST) Ag and to derived synthetic peptides have been evaluated before and 6 mo after chemotherapy in S. mansoni-infected patients from Kenya. These studies revealed a parallelism between the age-dependent evolution of IgA antibody levels to Sm28GST and to one synthetic peptide (115-131) and the acquisition of resistance to reinfection. Functional analysis revealed that IgA antibodies to Sm28GST displayed a potent neutralizing effect on the enzymatic properties of the molecule, and also markedly impaired schistosome fecundity, by limiting both the egg laying of mature worms and the hatching capacity of schistosome eggs into viable miracidia. These results suggest that, in addition to IgE, IgA antibodies might participate in the protective immune response against schistosomiasis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J M Grzych
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - D Grezel
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - C B Xu
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - J L Neyrinck
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - M Capron
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - J H Ouma
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - A E Butterworth
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | - A Capron
- Centre d'Immunologie et de Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Xu CB, Stavenow L, Pessah-Rasmussen H. Interactions between cultured bovine arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells; studies on the release of prostacyclin by endothelial cells. Artery 1992; 19:94-111. [PMID: 1580800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The release of prostacyclin by endothelial cells (EC) in culture was studied after exposure to two toxic stimuli (UV light or dimethylsulfoxide-soluble smoke particles (DSP)) or to medium conditioned by smooth muscle cells (SMC), basically or after injury to the SMC. An activity stimulating the release of prostacyclin was found together with growth inhibiting activity from arterial SMC, but dissociated from growth stimulating activity. The prostacyclin stimulating activity was increased when SMC were exposed to UV light, while DSP caused a decrease. EC directly exposed to UV light or DSP generally released more prostacyclin than controls. One exception was very low concentrations of DSP. UV light induced a burst of release in contrast to DSP where a continuous release after a two hours lag period was seen. It is concluded that EC will increase the release of prostacyclin in response to injury but the release pattern will depend on the kind and doses of the stimulus. SMC release prostacyclin stimulating activity for EC, which can be modified by exposure to toxic stimuli. The results might have applications for atherogenesis.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Cattle
- Cell Communication/physiology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Serum-Free
- DNA/biosynthesis
- Dimethyl Sulfoxide
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/radiation effects
- Epoprostenol/metabolism
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/radiation effects
- Plants, Toxic
- Proteins/analysis
- Smoke/analysis
- Nicotiana
- Ultraviolet Rays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Xu CB, Pessah-Rasmussen H, Stavenow L. Interactions between cultured bovine arterial endothelial and smooth muscle cells: effects of injury on the release of growth stimulating and growth inhibiting substances. Pharmacol Toxicol 1991; 69:195-200. [PMID: 1796060 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1991.tb01296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Dimethylsulfoxide-soluble particles (DSP) from cigarette smoke and ultraviolet light caused a low degree (cell death less than 30%) and high degree (cell death 60-90%) injury to bovine arterial endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in culture. Conditioned medium from low degree injured endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells generally inhibited DNA synthesis in new smooth muscle cells or endothelial cells while high degree injury increased DNA synthesis in new cells. Specifically, the growth stimulating activity from endothelial cells was decreased after low degree injury but increased after high degree. UV light released more growth stimulating substances from smooth muscle cells after both low and high degree injury. The release of growth inhibiting substances was dependent on both cell kind and degree of injury. In co-culture low and high degree DSP injury to endothelial cells inhibited smooth muscle cell proliferation, which was in contrast to the effect of conditioned medium from high degree injured endothelial cells. Conditioned medium from endothelial cells treated with LDL and glucose inhibited DNA synthesis in smooth muscle cells. It is concluded that injury to endothelial cells or smooth muscle cells will modify the release of growth inhibiting and growth stimulating activity and that this release will depend on cell kind as well as degree and kind of the injurious stimulus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Department of Medicine, University of Lund, Malmö General Hospital, Sweden
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Xu CB, Verwaerde C, Grzych JM, Fontaine J, Capron A. A monoclonal antibody blocking the Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase activity reduces female worm fecundity and egg viability. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:1801-7. [PMID: 1868871 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830210804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The protective effects of two different monoclonal antibodies (mAb) raised against the Schistosoma mansoni 28-kDa glutathione S-transferase (Sm 28 GST) were investigated. Two mAb of the same isotype (IgM) have been selected according to the blocking effect on Sm 28 GST enzymatic activity (S13) or the lack of blockade (H12). When passively transferred into Fischer rats, both S13 and H12 significantly reduced the worm burden. In BALB/c mice clear effects on female worm fecundity and egg viability were observed when the S13 mAb was transferred; these effects included significantly reduced loads of intestinal eggs, reduced egg hatching rates and an increased proportion of non-living eggs. No effect on egg production and egg hatching was observed in H12-treated mice. In addition, worm pairs recovered from S13-but not H12-treated mice laid significantly fewer eggs in vitro, and normal worm pairs incubated in vitro with the S13 mAb produced significantly fewer eggs than those incubated with H12 mAb. The impairment of egg hatching ability was also reproduced in vitro by the S13 mAb. These data suggest the existence of two different effector mechanisms induced by immunization with Sm 28 GST. The effect on the schistosome worm burden appears to be independent of GST activity whereas the effect on S. mansoni female fecundity and egg viability seems to be significantly linked to the inactivation of the enzymatic site.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C B Xu
- Centre d'Immunologie et Biologie Parasitaire, Unité Mixte INSERM U 167-CNRS 624, Institut Pasteur, Lille, France
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Farias LA, Xu CB, Lehan PH, Markov AK. HALOTHANE-EPINEPHRINE-INDUCED VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS (VA) PREVENTED BY FRUCTOSE 1–6 DIPHOSPHATE (FDP). Anesthesiology 1989. [DOI: 10.1097/00000542-198909001-00286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
23
|
Tang J, Xie CW, Xu CB, Jiang BQ, Xu YY, Zhang JY, Meng ZH, Wu HJ, Liu LS, Chang D. Therapeutic actions of alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide in 16 clinical cases. Life Sci 1987; 40:2077-86. [PMID: 2953943 DOI: 10.1016/0024-3205(87)90100-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Alpha-human atrial natriuretic polypeptide (alpha-hANP) was applied to 16 clinical patients, 6 patients with essential hypertension, 7 patients with congestive heart failure and 3 patients with cirrhosis. Following intravenous bolus injection of 400 micrograms of synthetic alpha-hANP, a hypotensive effect of very rapid onset was found, which was more potent in the hypertensive patients than in the normotensive cases. Cardiac functions were improved significantly with a similar time course as the depressor response in the cases of heart failure or hypertension. Hemodynamic observations showed a marked increase in cardiac output, cardiac index, stroke volume, ejection fraction and ejection rate, and a concomitant decrease of the pressure in the right side of the heart and pulmonary circulation in these subjects. In addition, the renal response to alpha-hANP induced obvious increases in urine volume, electrolytes and creatinine excretions in all the subjects. Finally, plasma levels of aldosterone, Arg-vasopressin and noradrenaline were also altered by alpha-hANP. No significant side effects were registered. The above result confirms the therapeutic actions of alpha-hANP in human subjects and opens the possibility to research alpha-hANP as a powerful pharmacological tool as well as potential new medicine for human disorders.
Collapse
|
24
|
Xu CB, Jiang BQ, Wang JY, Sun NL, Chen H, Liu XR, Tian YW, Chen SJ, Li DG, Xie CW. Hemodynamic and renal effects of human alpha atrial natriuretic peptide in two patients with congestive heart failure. A preliminary report. Chin Med J (Engl) 1986; 99:1-8. [PMID: 2942345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
|