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Cheng W, Fukuda M, Kim S, Liu Y, Chen X, Holmes C, Li Y, Chung H, Ren Y, Guan J. Osmotically Rupturing Phagosomes in Macrophages Using PNIPAM Microparticles. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:24244-24256. [PMID: 37186785 PMCID: PMC10426762 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c05335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The rupture of macrophage phagosomes has been implicated in various human diseases and plays a critical role in immunity. However, the mechanisms underlying this process are complex and not yet fully understood. This study describes the development of a robust engineering method for rupturing phagosomes based on a well-defined mechanism. The method utilizes microfabricated microparticles composed of uncrosslinked linear poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) as phagocytic objects. These microparticles are internalized into phagosomes at 37 °C. By exposing the cells to a cold shock at 0 °C, the vast majority of the microparticle-containing phagosomes rupture. The percentage of phagosomal rupture decreases with the increase of the cold-shock temperature. The osmotic pressure in the phagosomes and the tension in the phagosomal membrane are calculated using the Flory-Huggins theory and the Young-Laplace equation. The modeling results indicate that the osmotic pressure generated by dissolved microparticles is probably responsible for phagosomal rupture, are consistent with the experimentally observed dependence of phagosomal rupture on the cold-shock temperature, and suggest the existence of a cellular mechanism for resisting phagosomal rupture. Moreover, the effects of various factors including hypotonic shock, chloroquine, tetrandrine, colchicine, and l-leucyl-l-leucine O-methyl ester (LLOMe) on phagosomal rupture have been studied with this method. The results further support that the osmotic pressure generated by the dissolved microparticles causes phagosomal rupture and demonstrated usefulness of this method for studying phagosomal rupture. This method can be further developed, ultimately leading to a deeper understanding of phagosomal rupture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Masahiro Fukuda
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Sundol Kim
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Xingchi Chen
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Hoyong Chung
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Yi Ren
- College of Medicine, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
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Holmes C, Ishida W, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Elder BD, Cottrill E, Locke J, Witham TF. Comparing the efficacy of adipose-derived and bone marrow-derived cells in a rat model of posterolateral lumbar fusion. J Orthop Res 2022; 40:909-916. [PMID: 34081344 DOI: 10.1002/jor.25111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Although bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMCs) have been widely used in spinal fusion procedures, adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) offer a number of advantages as an alternative clinical cell source. This study directly compares the efficacy of ASCs and BMCs from the same donor animals to achieve successful fusion when combined with a clinical-grade bone graft substitute in a rat lumbar fusion model. ASCs and BMCs were isolated from the same Lewis donor rats and grown to passage 2 (P2). Single-level bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar fusion surgery was performed on syngeneic rats divided into three experimental groups: clinical-grade bone graft substitute alone (CBGS); CBGS+ rat ASCs (rASC); and, CBGS+ rat BMCs (rBMC). Eight weeks postoperatively, fusion was evaluated via micro-CT, manual palpation and histology. In vitro analysis of the osteogenic capacity of rBMCs and rASCs was also performed. Results indicated that the average fusion volume in the rASC group was the largest and was significantly larger than the CBGS group. Although the rASC group displayed the highest fusion rates via micro-CT and manual palpation, this difference was not statistically significant. Cell-seeded grafts showed more histological bone formation than cell-free grafts. P2 rASCs and rBMCs displayed similar in vitro osteogenic differentiation capacities. Overall, this study showed that, when combined with a clinical-grade bone graft substitute in a rat model, rASCs cells yielded the largest fusion masses and comparable fusion results to rBMCs. These results add to growing evidence that ASCs provide an attractive alternative to BMCs for spinal fusion procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | | | - Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - John Locke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Berg H, Chowdhury EH, Nusair I, Rowley M, Garrison EK, Holmes C, Musial J, Lyons C, Potter S, Ramberg L, Raymond C, Rohrer J, Rottenberg C, Saraswati A, Skidmore E, Verini A, Zhang CY. Celebrating Fifty Years of Feminist Studies: Notes of Appreciation from Authors. Feminist Studies 2022. [DOI: 10.1353/fem.2022.0045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2023]
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Kong Kam Wa T, Holmes C, O'Brien K. A case series of paediatric patients with spinal muscular atrophy type I undergoing scoliosis correction surgery. Anaesth Rep 2021; 9:e12138. [PMID: 34870210 DOI: 10.1002/anr3.12138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal muscular atrophy is a neuromuscular disorder with degeneration of spinal motor neurons. Type I is a severe variant that was recently shown to be amenable to treatment with the antisense oligonucleotide nusinersen. As a result of increased life expectancy with this treatment, more children with spinal muscular atrophy type I are presenting for spinal correction surgery. In this case series, we present four such patients who underwent spinal surgery at our institution over the course of one year. Pre-operative assessment showed evidence of reduced respiratory function requiring nocturnal non-invasive ventilation in all four patients. A difficult airway was encountered in two of the four patients. Postoperative complications were ubiquitous and included CSF leak, poor wound healing, metal frame exposure, frame instability and wound infection. There were no postoperative respiratory complications and all four children returned to their respiratory baseline postoperatively. All patients underwent successful lumbar puncture and intrathecal nusinersen injection following their spinal surgeries. Given the risk of complications and prolonged recovery following spinal surgery, a detailed family discussion is advisable.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kong Kam Wa
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
| | - C Holmes
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
| | - K O'Brien
- Department of Anaesthesiology Children's Health Ireland at Temple Street Dublin Ireland
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Walia N, Rao N, Garrett M, Yates K, Malone S, Holmes C. Proton pump inhibitor use and the risk of peritoneal dialysis associated peritonitis. Intern Med J 2021; 53:397-403. [PMID: 34719853 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The use of proton-pump inhibitors (PPI) has been associated with an increased risk of developing spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients with cirrhosis. Whether PPI use confers a similar risk in developing peritonitis in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients remains unclear. METHODS Patients on PD were retrospectively identified. Data such as PPI use during PD, underlying diagnoses, comorbidities, and baseline serum tests were collected. Univariable and multivariable analysis was conducted using logistic regression to assess whether PPI use and other factors were associated with PD peritonitis. RESULTS 57 patients were identified with a median(interquartile range(IQR)) age of 65.0(51.5-74.0) years. The median(IQR) time on PD was 29.0(17.5-45.0) months. 28 patients were on a PPI during PD. 57% of the PPI group went on to develop peritonitis, compared to 31% of patients without PPI exposure (OR=2.96, 95% CI:[1.00, 8.78], p=0.050). Months on PD (OR=1.03, 95% CI:[1.00, 1.06], p=0.026), serum urea (OR=0.88, 95% CI:[0.80, 0.97], p=0.017), congestive cardiac failure (OR=5.44, 95% CI:[1.29, 23.00], p=0.021) and renovascular disease (OR=14.59, 95% CI:[1.68, 126.67], p=0.015) were identified as possible risk factors for peritonitis on univariable analysis. Following adjustment for covariates, serum urea, but not PPI use, was associated with PD peritonitis (OR=0.87, 95% CI:[0.78,0.98], p=0.020). CONCLUSION PPI use during PD was not associated with peritonitis. Due to the small number of patients and the limited number of studies investigating the effect of PPI use on PD peritonitis, further research is needed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Walia
- Renal Department, Bendigo Health, VIC, Australia.,Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - N Rao
- Renal Department, Bendigo Health, VIC, Australia
| | - M Garrett
- Home Dialysis, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - K Yates
- Home Dialysis, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - S Malone
- Home Dialysis, Bendigo Health, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
| | - C Holmes
- Renal Department, Bendigo Health, VIC, Australia.,Monash Rural Health, Monash University, Bendigo, VIC, Australia
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Perdomo-Pantoja A, Holmes C, Lina IA, Liauw JA, Puvanesarajah V, Goh BC, Achebe CC, Cottrill E, Elder BD, Grayson WL, Redmond KJ, Hur SC, Witham TF. Effects of Single-Dose Versus Hypofractionated Focused Radiation on Vertebral Body Structure and Biomechanical Integrity: Development of a Rabbit Radiation-Induced Vertebral Compression Fracture Model. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021; 111:528-538. [PMID: 33989720 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Vertebral compression fracture is a common complication of spinal stereotactic body radiation therapy. Development of an in vivo model is crucial to fully understand how focal radiation treatment affects vertebral integrity and biology at various dose fractionation regimens. We present a clinically relevant animal model to analyze the effects of localized, high-dose radiation on vertebral microstructure and mechanical integrity. Using this model, we test the hypothesis that fractionation of radiation dosing can reduce focused radiation therapy's harmful effects on the spine. METHODS AND MATERIALS The L5 vertebra of New Zealand white rabbits was treated with either a 24-Gy single dose of focused radiation or 3 fractionated 8-Gy doses over 3 consecutive days via the Small Animal Radiation Research Platform. Nonirradiated rabbits were used as controls. Rabbits were euthanized 6 months after irradiation, and their lumbar vertebrae were harvested for radiologic, histologic, and biomechanical testing. RESULTS Localized single-dose radiation led to decreased vertebral bone volume and trabecular number and a subsequent increase in trabecular spacing and thickness at L5. Hypofractionation of the radiation dose similarly led to reduced trabecular number and increased trabecular spacing and thickness, yet it preserved normalized bone volume. Single-dose irradiated vertebrae displayed lower fracture loads and stiffness compared with those receiving hypofractionated irradiation and with controls. The hypofractionated and control groups exhibited similar fracture load and stiffness. For all vertebral samples, bone volume, trabecular number, and trabecular spacing were correlated with fracture loads and Young's modulus (P < .05). Hypocellularity was observed in the bone marrow of both irradiated groups, but osteogenic features were conserved in only the hypofractionated group. CONCLUSIONS Single-dose focal irradiation showed greater detrimental effects than hypofractionation on the microarchitectural, cellular, and biomechanical characteristics of irradiated vertebral bodies. Correlation between radiologic measurements and biomechanical properties supported the reliability of this animal model of radiation-induced vertebral compression fracture, a finding that can be applied to future studies of preventative measures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida
| | - Ioan A Lina
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jason A Liauw
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Varun Puvanesarajah
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Brian C Goh
- Harvard Combined Orthopaedic Residency Program, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Chukwuebuka C Achebe
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kristin J Redmond
- Department of Radiation Oncology and Molecular Radiation Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Soojung C Hur
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.
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Holmes C, Krautwurst U, Graham K, Fernandez V. "No Silver Bullet Solution": Cruel Optimism and Canada’s COVID-19 Public Health Messages. anthropologica 2021. [DOI: 10.18357/anthropologica6312021326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Science twines through many of the discussions related to hope for a return to normalcy within public discussions of COVID‑19. The framings of techno-scientific solutions for COVID‑19 are similar to those that are presented to address many societal problems. The messy scientific and regulatory underpinnings of this desired silver bullet rarely make it fully into view. Technoscientific-related hope and its associated affects can operate as a kind of “cruel optimism” (Berlant 2010, 2011). It can be an affective response to return to life as “normal” that is psychologically soothing, even as its enactment may replicate destructive social, political, and economic structures. Hope and technoscience thread throughout the interactions between journalists and health officials in the health press briefings in the first wave of the COVID‑19 pandemic. Technoscientific complexity that challenges the desire to return to normal is rarely brought up in Ontario and Nova Scotia public health briefings. But when it is, health officials in this zone of interaction balance explanations of scientific reality and caution, while attempting to not crush hope for a techno-scientifically mediated return to normal. As such, public health discourse obscures or tempers cruel optimism rather than directly confronting it.
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Valera IC, Wacker AL, Hwang HS, Holmes C, Laitano O, Landstrom AP, Parvatiyar MS. Essential roles of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex in different cardiac pathologies. Adv Med Sci 2021; 66:52-71. [PMID: 33387942 DOI: 10.1016/j.advms.2020.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The dystrophin-glycoprotein complex (DGC), situated at the sarcolemma dynamically remodels during cardiac disease. This review examines DGC remodeling as a common denominator in diseases affecting heart function and health. Dystrophin and the DGC serve as broad cytoskeletal integrators that are critical for maintaining stability of muscle membranes. The presence of pathogenic variants in genes encoding proteins of the DGC can cause absence of the protein and/or alterations in other complex members leading to muscular dystrophies. Targeted studies have allowed the individual functions of affected proteins to be defined. The DGC has demonstrated its dynamic function, remodeling under a number of conditions that stress the heart. Beyond genetic causes, pathogenic processes also impinge on the DGC, causing alterations in the abundance of dystrophin and associated proteins during cardiac insult such as ischemia-reperfusion injury, mechanical unloading, and myocarditis. When considering new therapeutic strategies, it is important to assess DGC remodeling as a common factor in various heart diseases. The DGC connects the internal F-actin-based cytoskeleton to laminin-211 of the extracellular space, playing an important role in the transmission of mechanical force to the extracellular matrix. The essential functions of dystrophin and the DGC have been long recognized. DGC based therapeutic approaches have been primarily focused on muscular dystrophies, however it may be a beneficial target in a number of disorders that affect the heart. This review provides an account of what we now know, and discusses how this knowledge can benefit persistent health conditions in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isela C Valera
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Amanda L Wacker
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Hyun Seok Hwang
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Orlando Laitano
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Andrew P Landstrom
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA; Department of Cell Biology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Michelle S Parvatiyar
- Department of Nutrition, Food and Exercise Sciences, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
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Liu Y, Holmes C. Tissue Regeneration Capacity of Extracellular Vesicles Isolated From Bone Marrow-Derived and Adipose-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal/Stem Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:648098. [PMID: 33718390 PMCID: PMC7952527 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.648098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-based therapies have demonstrated tissue repair and regeneration capacity in various preclinical models. These therapeutic effects have recently been largely attributed to the paracrine effects of the MSC secretome, including proteins and extracellular vesicles (EVs). EVs are cell-secreted nano-sized vesicles with lipid bilayer membranes that facilitate cell–cell signaling. Treatments based on MSC-derived EVs are beginning to be explored as an alternative to MSC transplantation-based therapies. However, it remains to be determined which MSC source produces EVs with the greatest therapeutic potential. This review compares the tissue regeneration capacity of EVs isolated from the two most common clinical sources of adult MSCs, bone marrow and adipose tissue, with a particular focus on their angiogenic, osteogenic, and immunomodulatory potentials. Other important issues in the development of MSC-derived EV based therapies are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallhassee, FL, United States
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallhassee, FL, United States
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Holmes C, Elder BD, Ishida W, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Locke J, Cottrill E, Lo SFL, Witham TF. Comparing the efficacy of syngeneic iliac and femoral allografts with iliac crest autograft in a rat model of lumbar spinal fusion. J Orthop Surg Res 2020; 15:410. [PMID: 32933551 PMCID: PMC7490887 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-020-01936-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite widespread use of femoral-sourced allografts in clinical spinal fusion procedures and the increasing interest in using femoral reamer-irrigator-aspirator (RIA) autograft in clinical bone grafting, few studies have examined the efficacy of femoral grafts compared to iliac crest grafts in spinal fusion. The objective of this study was to directly compare the use of autologous iliac crest with syngeneic femoral and iliac allograft bone in the rat model of lumbar spinal fusion. METHODS Single-level bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar spinal fusion surgery was performed on Lewis rats divided into three experimental groups: iliac crest autograft, syngeneic iliac crest allograft, and syngeneic femoral allograft bone. Eight weeks postoperatively, fusion was evaluated via microCT analysis, manual palpation, and histology. In vitro analysis of the colony-forming and osteogenic capacity of bone marrow cells derived from rat femurs and hips was also performed to determine whether there was a correlation with the fusion efficacy of these graft sources. RESULTS Although no differences were observed between groups in CT fusion mass volumes, iliac allografts displayed an increased number of radiographically fused fusion masses and a higher rate of bilateral fusion via manual palpation. Histologically, hip-derived grafts showed better integration with host bone than femur derived ones, likely associated with the higher concentration of osteogenic progenitor cells observed in hip-derived bone marrow. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the feasibility of using syngeneic allograft bone in place of autograft bone within inbred rat fusion models and highlights the need for further study of femoral-derived grafts in fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL, USA.
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - John Locke
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Edwards C, Mcdowell B, Holroyd C, Cardwell C, Mchenry M, Meenagh G, Holmes C, Mcguiness B. THU0134 COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.4506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Background:Increasing evidence suggests that systemic inflammation may be associated with an increased risk of developing cognitive dysfunction and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Some studies have found an association between rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and neurodegeneration with several finding increased incidence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in those with RA compared to healthy controls.Objectives:This study aims to use preliminary data from theRheumatoid arthritis, medication and memorystudy (RESIST) to investigate the prevalence of MCI in a population of patients with RA and explore the relationship between MCI and specific demographic and clinical characteristics.Methods:The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) was used as a cognitive screening tool and was administered to subjects ≥55 years of age who had been diagnosed with RA according to the ACR/EULAR criteria. Demographic and clinical data was recorded at screening in face-to-face interviews and included age, gender, date of RA diagnosis and RA medication. RA disease activity score from 28 joints (DAS28), rheumatoid factor (RF) level, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (anti-CCP) level, erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) were recorded. 260 participants completed both screening and baseline visits as part of the RESIST longitudinal study, MoCA scores from baseline were analysed for these participants. Statistical analysis was used to provide descriptive statistics and explore possible predictors of cognitive impairment.Results:A total of 636 participants (mean age 68.1 yrs, female 67.5%) were screened between May 2018 and December 2019. The mean MoCA for screened participants was 25.4; 45.3% scored <26 in the MoCA and were considered to have mild cognitive impairment. Age was negatively correlated with MoCA score and was the only significant predictor of cognitive impairment. For each year of increase in age the MoCA score reduced by a mean of 0.08 points (p<0.05). There was little evidence of a difference in mean MoCA score by gender, RA medication, duration of disease, DAS28 score, ESR, anti-CCP or RF levels. The mean MoCA scores increased by 0.4 points between screening and baseline (P<0.001).Conclusion:A large proportion of participants scored below the proposed cut-off for normal cognition in the MoCA suggesting a high prevalence of MCI in adults >55 years with moderately active RA. This provides further support for the role of chronic inflammation in cognitive dysfunction and AD. Screening for MCI in rheumatology clinics might be clinically useful.DemographicsOutcomeAge mean years (+/-SD) (n=633)68.1 (8.01)Gender (n=636)Female n (%)429 (67.5)RA Medication (n=636)csDMARD n (%)TNFi n (%)368 (57.9)268 (42.1)Duration of RA mean years (+/-SD) (n=484)14.4 (13.9)DAS28 mean (+/-SD) (n=306)3.5 (2.04)ESR mean (+/-SD) (n=501)23.4 (22.0)Anti-CCP (n=387)Positive n (%)236 (61)Rheumatoid Factor (n=377)Positive n (%)277 (73.5)MoCA Score points (n=636)≥26, n (%)<26 n (%)348 (54.7)288 (45.3)Subjective memory concerns (n=430)Yes n (%)No n (%)95 (22.1)335 (77.9)Disclosure of Interests:Christopher Edwards Grant/research support from: Abbvie, Biogen, Roche, Consultant of: Abbvie, Samsung, Speakers bureau: Abbvie, BMS, Biogen, Celgene, Fresenius, Gilead, Janssen, Lilly, Mundipharma, Pfizer, MSD, Novartis, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, UCB, Bethany McDowell: None declared, Chris Holroyd: None declared, Chris Cardwell: None declared, Michelle McHenry Speakers bureau: Novartis, Pfizer, AbbVie, Celgene, Lilly, Gary Meenagh: None declared, Clive Holmes: None declared, Bernadette McGuiness: None declared
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Ishida W, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Elder BD, Locke J, Holmes C, Witham TF, Lo SFL. Effects of Intraoperative Intrawound Antibiotic Administration on Spinal Fusion: A Comparison of Vancomycin and Tobramycin in a Rat Model. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2019; 101:1741-1749. [PMID: 31577679 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.18.00988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local, intrawound use of antibiotic powder, such as vancomycin and tobramycin, in spinal fusion surgery has become an increasingly common prophylactic measure in an attempt to reduce rates of postsurgical infection. However, the effects of localized antibiotic delivery on fusion remain unclear. The objective of this study was to examine the in vivo effects of intraoperative local delivery of 2 antibiotics commonly used in bone-grafting surgery on spinal fusion outcomes in a rat model. METHODS Single-level (L4-L5), bilateral posterolateral intertransverse process lumbar fusion surgery was performed on 60 female Lewis rats (6 to 8 weeks of age) using syngeneic iliac crest allograft mixed with clinical bone-graft substitute and varying concentrations of antibiotics (n = 12 each): (1) control without any antibiotics, (2) low-dose vancomycin (14.3 mg/kg), (3) high-dose vancomycin (71.5 mg/kg), (4) low-dose tobramycin (28.6 mg/kg), and (5) high-dose tobramycin (143 mg/kg). Eight weeks postoperatively, fusion was evaluated via micro-computed tomography (µCT), manual palpation, and histological analysis, with blinding to treatment group. In the µCT analysis, fusion-mass volumes were measured for each rat. Each spine specimen (L4-L5) was rated (manual palpation score) on a scale of 2 to 0 (2 = fused, 1 = partially fused, and 0 = non-fused). RESULTS The mean fusion-mass volume on µCT (mm) was as follows: control, 29.3 ± 6.2; low-dose vancomycin, 26.3 ± 8.9; high-dose vancomycin, 18.8 ± 7.9; low-dose tobramycin, 32.7 ± 9.0; and high-dose tobramycin, 43.8 ± 11.9 (control versus high-dose vancomycin, p < 0.05; and control versus high-dose tobramycin, p < 0.05). The mean manual palpation score for each group was as follows: control, 1.46 ± 0.58; low-dose vancomycin, 0.86 ± 0.87; high-dose vancomycin, 0.68 ± 0.62; low-dose tobramycin, 1.25 ± 0.71; and high-dose tobramycin, 1.32 ± 0.72 (control versus high-dose vancomycin, p < 0.05). The histological analyses demonstrated a similar trend with regard to spinal fusion volume. CONCLUSIONS Intraoperative local application of vancomycin, particularly at a supraphysiological dosage, may have detrimental effects on fusion-mass formation. No inhibitory effect of tobramycin on fusion-mass formation was observed. CLINICAL RELEVANCE When spine surgeons decide to use intraoperative intrawound antibiotics in spinal fusion surgery, they should weigh the reduction in surgical site infection against a possible inhibitory effect on fusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | | | - John Locke
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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McDonald F, Holmes C, Jones M, Graham JE. How Do Postgenomic Innovations Emerge? Building Legitimacy by Proteomics Standards and Informing the Next-Generation Technology Policy. OMICS 2019; 23:406-415. [PMID: 31380729 DOI: 10.1089/omi.2019.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
How do postgenomic innovations emerge and become legitimate? Proteomics, a frequently utilized postgenomic technology, provides a valuable case study of the sociotechnical strategies used by an emergent scientific field to establish its legitimacy and assert political power. Chief among these strategies is standard making, an inherently political process that requires examination through a critical social science lens. We report in this study an original case study from interviews with proteomics scientists and observations at conferences of the Human Proteome Organization and Australasian Proteomics Society over a 5-year period (2011-2015). The study contributes new knowledge on how an emerging postgenomic science uses standard-setting practices to politically legitimize a hitherto contested technology. Drawing on legitimacy theory, we show how proteomics scientists and organizations used standards as strategic tools to establish the legitimacy of this postgenomic field and affirm that proteomics can generate verifiable and reproducible results, thereby establishing it as a legitimate scientific field. Notably, legitimacy can be leveraged, at the same time, to maximize political power vis-à-vis other fields of science and as such embodies power relationships. These data collectively inform the broader context, in which postgenomic innovations emerge and legitimize, both technically and politically, through standards making. These findings have relevance for the design of next generation technology policies by demonstrating that standards are not "just" standards or neutral constructs but also tools to leverage political power of and by science and innovation actors, as shown in this case study of the emerging early phase of proteomics from 2011 to 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona McDonald
- 1Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Christina Holmes
- 2Health Program, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, Canada
| | - Mavis Jones
- 3Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janice E Graham
- 3Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- 4Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Doody K, Barry D, Holmes C. Key Performance Indicators in Paediatric Anaesthesia. Ir Med J 2019; 112:948. [PMID: 31535837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aims Currently no national guidelines on performance measurement exist for paediatric anaesthesia in Ireland1. The purpose of this study was to ascertain if we are achieving Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) in areas of post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) and post-operative pain when compared to international standards. Methods The study was carried out from January 2018 to February 2018 at Temple Street Children’s University Hospital. In total 743 patients were included. Results 743 patients were included in the study. 86 (12%) were recorded as having a post-operative pain score of >4/10. 15 (1.2%) of patients were recorded as experiencing PONV. Orthopaedic surgery had the highest frequency of post-operative pain accounting for 33% of all cases. General surgery was associated with highest risk of PONV. Discussion The results from the study indicate we are achieving results similar to data from international centres. There is a paucity of published data from Irish centres and as national guidelines are developed for a model of care for paediatric anaesthesia we hope this data can be used when comparing other paediatric centres within Ireland.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Doody
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin
| | - D Barry
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin
| | - C Holmes
- Department of Anaesthesiology, Temple Street Children’s University Hospital, Dublin
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15
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Cottrill E, Ahmed AK, Lessing N, Pennington Z, Ishida W, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Lo SF, Howell E, Holmes C, Goodwin CR, Theodore N, Sciubba DM, Witham TF. Investigational growth factors utilized in animal models of spinal fusion: Systematic review. World J Orthop 2019; 10:176-191. [PMID: 31041160 PMCID: PMC6475812 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v10.i4.176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 01/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over 400000 Americans annually undergo spinal fusion surgeries, yet up to 40% of these procedures result in pseudoarthrosis even with iliac crest autograft, the current “gold standard” treatment. Tissue engineering has the potential to solve this problem via the creation of bone grafts involving bone-promoting growth factors (e.g., bone morphogenetic protein 2). A broad assessment of experimental growth factors is important to inform future work and clinical potential in this area. To date, however, no study has systematically reviewed the investigational growth factors utilized in preclinical animal models of spinal fusion.
AIM To review all published studies assessing investigational growth factors for spinal fusion in animal models and identify promising agents for translation.
METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the literature using PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, and Web of Science databases with searches run on May 29th, 2018. The search query was designed to include all non-human, preclinical animal models of spinal fusion reported in the literature without a timespan limit. Extracted data for each model included surgical approach, level of fusion, animal species and breed, animal age and sex, and any other relevant characteristics. The dosages/sizes of all implant materials, spinal fusion rates, and follow-up time points were recorded. The data were analyzed and the results reported in tables and text. PRISMA guidelines were followed for this systematic review.
RESULTS Twenty-six articles were included in this study, comprising 14 experimental growth factors: AB204 (n = 1); angiopoietin 1 (n = 1); calcitonin (n = 3); erythropoietin (n = 1); basic fibroblast growth factor (n = 1); growth differentiation factor 5 (n = 4), combined insulin-like growth factor 1 + transforming growth factor beta (n = 4); insulin (n = 1); NELL-1 (n = 5); noggin (n = 1); P-15 (n = 1); peptide B2A (n = 2); and secreted phosphoprotein 24 (n = 1). The fusion rates of the current gold standard treatment (autologous iliac crest bone graft, ICBG) and the leading clinically used growth factor (BMP-2) ranged widely in the included studies, from 0-100% for ICBG and from 13%-100% for BMP-2. Among the identified growth factors, calcitonin, GDF-5, NELL-1, and P-15 resulted in fusion rates of 100% in some cases. In addition, six growth factors - AB204, angiopoietin 1, GDF-5, insulin, NELL-1, and peptide B2A - resulted in significantly enhanced fusion rates compared to ICBG, BMP-2, or other internal control in some studies. Large heterogeneity in animal species, fusion method, and experimental groups and time points was observed across the included studies, limiting the direct comparison of the growth factors identified herein.
CONCLUSION Several promising investigational growth factors for spinal fusion have been identified herein; directly comparing the fusion efficacy and safety of these agents may inform clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - A Karim Ahmed
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Noah Lessing
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Zachary Pennington
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | | | - Sheng-fu Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Elizabeth Howell
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - C Rory Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, United States
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Daniel M Sciubba
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21287, United States
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16
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Pyett A, Holmes C, Enever C, Fryer A, Paynter D, Rixham P, Weston S. EP-1807 Use of SPC techniques to generate assessment criteria for transit dosimetry analysis. Radiother Oncol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(19)32227-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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17
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Perdomo-Pantoja A, Ishida W, Zygourakis C, Holmes C, Iyer RR, Cottrill E, Theodore N, Witham TF, Lo SFL. Accuracy of Current Techniques for Placement of Pedicle Screws in the Spine: A Comprehensive Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 51,161 Screws. World Neurosurg 2019; 126:664-678.e3. [PMID: 30880208 DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2019.02.217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pedicle screws (PSs) are routinely used for stabilization to enhance fusion in a variety of spinal diseases. Although the accuracy of different PS placement methods has been previously reported, most of these studies have been limited to 1 or 2 techniques. The purpose was to determine the current accuracy of PS placement among 4 modalities of PS insertion (freehand [FH], fluoroscopy-assisted [FA], computed tomography navigation-guided [CTNav], and robot-assisted [RA]) and analyze variables associated with screw misplacement. METHODS A systematic review was performed of peer-reviewed articles reporting PS accuracy of 1 technique from January 1990 to June 2018. Accuracy of PS placement, PS insertion technique, and pedicle breach (PB) data were collected. A meta-analysis was performed to estimate the overall pooled (OP) rates of PS accuracy as a primary outcome, stratified by screw insertion techniques. Potential determinants were analyzed via meta-regression analyses. RESULTS Seventy-eight studies with 7858 patients, 51,161 PSs, and 3614 cortical PBs were included. CTNav showed the highest PS placement accuracy compared with other techniques: OP accuracy rates were 95.5%, 93.1%, 91.5%, and 90.5%, via CTNav, FH, FA, and RA techniques, respectively. RA and CTNav were associated with the highest PS accuracy in the thoracic spine, compared with FH. CONCLUSIONS The OP data show that CTNav has the highest PS accuracy rates. Thoracic PSs were associated with lower accuracy rates; however, RA showed fewer breaches in the thoracic spine compared with FH and FA. Given the heterogeneity among studies, further standardized and comparative investigations are required to confirm our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Corinna Zygourakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Florida A&M University-Florida State University College of Engineering, Tallahassee, Florida, USA
| | - Rajiv R Iyer
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Ethan Cottrill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Nicholas Theodore
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
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McLean K, Glasbey J, Borakati A, Brooks T, Chang H, Choi S, Goodson R, Nielsen M, Pronin S, Salloum N, Sewart E, Vanniasegaram D, Drake T, Gillies M, Harrison E, Chapman S, Khatri C, Kong C, Claireaux H, Bath M, Mohan M, McNamee L, Kelly M, Mitchell H, Fitzgerald J, Bhangu A, Nepogodiev D, Antoniou I, Dean R, Davies N, Trecarten S, Henderson I, Holmes C, Wylie J, Shuttleworth R, Jindal A, Hughes F, Gouda P, Fleck R, Hanrahan M, Karunakaran P, Chen J, Sykes M, Sethi R, Suresh S, Patel P, Patel M, Varma R, Mushtaq J, Gundogan B, Bolton W, Khan T, Burke J, Morley R, Favero N, Adams R, Thirumal V, Kennedy E, Ong K, Tan Y, Gabriel J, Bakhsh A, Low J, Yener A, Paraoan V, Preece R, Tilston T, Cumber E, Dean S, Ross T, McCance E, Amin H, Satterthwaite L, Clement K, Gratton R, Mills E, Chiu S, Hung G, Rafiq N, Hayes J, Robertson K, Dynes K, Huang H, Assadullah S, Duncumb J, Moon R, Poo S, Mehta J, Joshi K, Callan R, Norris J, Chilvers N, Keevil H, Jull P, Mallick S, Elf D, Carr L, Player C, Barton E, Martin A, Ratu S, Roberts E, Phan P, Dyal A, Rogers J, Henson A, Reid N, Burke D, Culleton G, Lynne S, Mansoor S, Brennan C, Blessed R, Holloway C, Hill A, Goldsmith T, Mackin S, Kim S, Woin E, Brent G, Coffin J, Ziff O, Momoh Z, Debenham R, Ahmed M, Yong C, Wan J, Copley H, Raut P, Chaudhry F, Nixon G, Dorman C, Tan R, Kanabar S, Canning N, Dolaghan M, Bell N, McMenamin M, Chhabra A, Duke K, Turner L, Patel T, Chew L, Mirza M, Lunawat S, Oremule B, Ward N, Khan M, Tan E, Maclennan D, McGregor R, Chisholm E, Griffin E, Bell L, Hughes B, Davies J, Haq H, Ahmed H, Ungcharoen N, Whacha C, Thethi R, Markham R, Lee A, Batt E, Bullock N, Francescon C, Davies J, Shafiq N, Zhao J, Vivekanantham S, Barai I, Allen J, Marshall D, McIntyre C, Wilson H, Ashton A, Lek C, Behar N, Davis-Hall M, Seneviratne N, Esteve L, Sirakaya M, Ali S, Pope S, Ahn J, Craig-McQuaide A, Gatfield W, Leong S, Demetri A, Kerr A, Rees C, Loveday J, Liu S, Wijesekera M, Maru D, Attalla M, Smith N, Brown D, Sritharan P, Shah A, Charavanamuttu V, Heppenstall-Harris G, Ng K, Raghvani T, Rajan N, Hulley K, Moody N, Williams M, Cotton A, Sharifpour M, Lwin K, Bright M, Chitnis A, Abdelhadi M, Semana A, Morgan F, Reid R, Dickson J, Anderson L, McMullan R, Ahern N, Asmadi A, Anderson L, Boon Xuan JL, Crozier L, McAleer S, Lees D, Adebayo A, Das M, Amphlett A, Al-Robeye A, Valli A, Khangura J, Winarski A, Ali A, Woodward H, Gouldthrope C, Turner M, Sasapu K, Tonkins M, Wild J, Robinson M, Hardie J, Heminway R, Narramore R, Ramjeeawon N, Hibberd A, Winslow F, Ho W, Chong B, Lim K, Ho S, Crewdson J, Singagireson S, Kalra N, Koumpa F, Jhala H, Soon W, Karia M, Rasiah M, Xylas D, Gilbert H, Sundar-Singh M, Wills J, Akhtar S, Patel S, Hu L, Brathwaite-Shirley C, Nayee H, Amin O, Rangan T, Turner E, McCrann C, Shepherd R, Patel N, Prest-Smith J, Auyoung E, Murtaza A, Coates A, Prys-Jones O, King M, Gaffney S, Dewdney C, Nehikhare I, Lavery J, Bassett J, Davies K, Ahmad K, Collins A, Acres M, Egerton C, Cheng K, Chen X, Chan N, Sheldon A, Khan S, Empey J, Ingram E, Malik A, Johnstone M, Goodier R, Shah J, Giles J, Sanders J, McLure S, Pal S, Rangedara A, Baker A, Asbjoernsen C, Girling C, Gray L, Gauntlett L, Joyner C, Qureshi S, Mogan Y, Ng J, Kumar A, Park J, Tan D, Choo K, Raman K, Buakuma P, Xiao C, Govinden S, Thompson O, Charalambos M, Brown E, Karsan R, Dogra T, Bullman L, Dawson P, Frank A, Abid H, Tung L, Qureshi U, Tahmina A, Matthews B, Harris R, O'Connor A, Mazan K, Iqbal S, Stanger S, Thompson J, Sullivan J, Uppal E, MacAskill A, Bamgbose F, Neophytou C, Carroll A, Rookes C, Datta U, Dhutia A, Rashid S, Ahmed N, Lo T, Bhanderi S, Blore C, Ahmed S, Shaheen H, Abburu S, Majid S, Abbas Z, Talukdar S, Burney L, Patel J, Al-Obaedi O, Roberts A, Mahboob S, Singh B, Sheth S, Karia P, Prabhudesai A, Kow K, Koysombat K, Wang S, Morrison P, Maheswaran Y, Keane P, Copley P, Brewster O, Xu G, Harries P, Wall C, Al-Mousawi A, Bonsu S, Cunha P, Ward T, Paul J, Nadanakumaran K, Tayeh S, Holyoak H, Remedios J, Theodoropoulou K, Luhishi A, Jacob L, Long F, Atayi A, Sarwar S, Parker O, Harvey J, Ross H, Rampal R, Thomas G, Vanmali P, McGowan C, Stein J, Robertson V, Carthew L, Teng V, Fong J, Street A, Thakker C, O'Reilly D, Bravo M, Pizzolato A, Khokhar H, Ryan M, Cheskes L, Carr R, Salih A, Bassiony S, Yuen R, Chrastek D, Rosen O'Sullivan H, Amajuoyi A, Wang A, Sitta O, Wye J, Qamar M, Major C, Kaushal A, Morgan C, Petrarca M, Allot R, Verma K, Dutt S, Chilima C, Peroos S, Kosasih S, Chin H, Ashken L, Pearse R, O'Loughlin R, Menon A, Singh K, Norton J, Sagar R, Jathanna N, Rothwell L, Watson N, Harding F, Dube P, Khalid H, Punjabi N, Sagmeister M, Gill P, Shahid S, Hudson-Phillips S, George D, Ashwood J, Lewis T, Dhar M, Sangal P, Rhema I, Kotecha D, Afzal Z, Syeed J, Prakash E, Jalota P, Herron J, Kimani L, Delport A, Shukla A, Agarwal V, Parthiban S, Thakur H, Cymes W, Rinkoff S, Turnbull J, Hayat M, Darr S, Khan U, Lim J, Higgins A, Lakshmipathy G, Forte B, Canning E, Jaitley A, Lamont J, Toner E, Ghaffar A, McDowell M, Salmon D, O'Carroll O, Khan A, Kelly M, Clesham K, Palmer C, Lyons R, Bell A, Chin R, Waldron R, Trimble A, Cox S, Ashfaq U, Campbell J, Holliday R, McCabe G, Morris F, Priestland R, Vernon O, Ledsam A, Vaughan R, Lim D, Bakewell Z, Hughes R, Koshy R, Jackson H, Narayan P, Cardwell A, Jubainville C, Arif T, Elliott L, Gupta V, Bhaskaran G, Odeleye A, Ahmed F, Shah R, Pickard J, Suleman Y, North A, McClymont L, Hussain N, Ibrahim I, Ng G, Wong V, Lim A, Harris L, Tharmachandirar T, Mittapalli D, Patel V, Lakhani M, Bazeer H, Narwani V, Sandhu K, Wingfield L, Gentry S, Adjei H, Bhatti M, Braganza L, Barnes J, Mistry S, Chillarge G, Stokes S, Cleere J, Wadanamby S, Bucko A, Meek J, Boxall N, Heywood E, Wiltshire J, Toh C, Ward A, Shurovi B, Horth D, Patel B, Ali B, Spencer T, Axelson T, Kretzmer L, Chhina C, Anandarajah C, Fautz T, Horst C, Thevathasan A, Ng J, Hirst F, Brewer C, Logan A, Lockey J, Forrest P, Keelty N, Wood A, Springford L, Avery P, Schulz T, Bemand T, Howells L, Collier H, Khajuria A, Tharakan R, Parsons S, Buchan A, McGalliard R, Mason J, Cundy O, Li N, Redgrave N, Watson R, Pezas T, Dennis Y, Segall E, Hameed M, Lynch A, Chamberlain M, Peck F, Neo Y, Russell G, Elseedawy M, Lee S, Foster N, Soo Y, Puan L, Dennis R, Goradia H, Qureshi A, Osman S, Reeves T, Dinsmore L, Marsden M, Lu Q, Pitts-Tucker T, Dunn C, Walford R, Heathcote E, Martin R, Pericleous A, Brzyska K, Reid K, Williams M, Wetherall N, McAleer E, Thomas D, Kiff R, Milne S, Holmes M, Bartlett J, Lucas de Carvalho J, Bloomfield T, Tongo F, Bremner R, Yong N, Atraszkiewicz B, Mehdi A, Tahir M, Sherliker G, Tear A, Pandey A, Broyd A, Omer H, Raphael M, Chaudhry W, Shahidi S, Jawad A, Gill C, Fisher IH, Adeleja I, Clark I, Aidoo-Micah G, Stather P, Salam G, Glover T, Deas G, Sim N, Obute R, Wynell-Mayow W, Sait M, Mitha N, de Bernier G, Siddiqui M, Shaunak R, Wali A, Cuthbert G, Bhudia R, Webb E, Shah S, Ansari N, Perera M, Kelly N, McAllister R, Stanley G, Keane C, Shatkar V, Maxwell-Armstrong C, Henderson L, Maple N, Manson R, Adams R, Semple E, Mills M, Daoub A, Marsh A, Ramnarine A, Hartley J, Malaj M, Jewell P, Whatling E, Hitchen N, Chen M, Goh B, Fern J, Rogers S, Derbyshire L, Robertson D, Abuhussein N, Deekonda P, Abid A, Harrison P, Aildasani L, Turley H, Sherif M, Pandey G, Filby J, Johnston A, Burke E, Mohamud M, Gohil K, Tsui A, Singh R, Lim S, O'Sullivan K, McKelvey L, O'Neill S, Roberts H, Brown F, Cao Y, Buckle R, Liew Y, Sii S, Ventre C, Graham C, Filipescu T, Yousif A, Dawar R, Wright A, Peters M, Varley R, Owczarek S, Hartley S, Khattak M, Iqbal A, Ali M, Durrani B, Narang Y, Bethell G, Horne L, Pinto R, Nicholls K, Kisyov I, Torrance H, English W, Lakhani S, Ashraf S, Venn M, Elangovan V, Kazmi Z, Brecher J, Sukumar S, Mastan A, Mortimer A, Parker J, Boyle J, Elkawafi M, Beckett J, Mohite A, Narain A, Mazumdar E, Sreh A, Hague A, Weinberg D, Fletcher L, Steel M, Shufflebotham H, Masood M, Sinha Y, Jenvey C, Kitt H, Slade R, Craig A, Deall C, Reakes T, Chervenkoff J, Strange E, O'Bryan M, Murkin C, Joshi D, Bergara T, Naqib S, Wylam D, Scotcher S, Hewitt C, Stoddart M, Kerai A, Trist A, Cole S, Knight C, Stevens S, Cooper G, Ingham R, Dobson J, O'Kane A, Moradzadeh J, Duffy A, Henderson C, Ashraf S, McLaughin C, Hoskins T, Reehal R, Bookless L, McLean R, Stone E, Wright E, Abdikadir H, Roberts C, Spence O, Srikantharajah M, Ruiz E, Matthews J, Gardner E, Hester E, Naran P, Simpson R, Minhas M, Cornish E, Semnani S, Rojoa D, Radotra A, Eraifej J, Eparh K, Smith D, Mistry B, Hickling S, Din W, Liu C, Mithrakumar P, Mirdavoudi V, Rashid M, Mcgenity C, Hussain O, Kadicheeni M, Gardner H, Anim-Addo N, Pearce J, Aslanyan A, Ntala C, Sorah T, Parkin J, Alizadeh M, White A, Edozie F, Johnston J, Kahar A, Navayogaarajah V, Patel B, Carter D, Khonsari P, Burgess A, Kong C, Ponweera A, Cody A, Tan Y, Ng A, Croall A, Allan C, Ng S, Raghuvir V, Telfer R, Greenhalgh A, McKerr C, Edison M, Patel B, Dear K, Hardy M, Williams P, Hassan S, Sajjad U, O'Neill E, Lopes S, Healy L, Jamal N, Tan S, Lazenby D, Husnoo S, Beecroft S, Sarvanandan T, Weston C, Bassam N, Rabinthiran S, Hayat U, Ng L, Varma D, Sukkari M, Mian A, Omar A, Kim J, Sellathurai J, Mahmood J, O'Connell C, Bose R, Heneghan H, Lalor P, Matheson J, Doherty C, Cullen C, Cooper D, Angelov S, Drislane C, Smith A, Kreibich A, Palkhi E, Durr A, Lotfallah A, Gold D, Mckean E, Dhanji A, Anilkumar A, Thacoor A, Siddiqui Z, Lim S, Piquet A, Anderson S, McCormack D, Gulati J, Ibrahim A, Murray S, Walsh S, McGrath A, Ziprin P, Chua E, Lou C, Bloomer J, Paine H, Osei-Kuffour D, White C, Szczap A, Gokani S, Patel K, Malys M, Reed A, Torlot G, Cumber E, Charania A, Ahmad S, Varma N, Cheema H, Austreng L, Petra H, Chaudhary M, Zegeye M, Cheung F, Coffey D, Heer R, Singh S, Seager E, Cumming S, Suresh R, Verma S, Ptacek I, Gwozdz A, Yang T, Khetarpal A, Shumon S, Fung T, Leung W, Kwang P, Chew L, Loke W, Curran A, Chan C, McGarrigle C, Mohan K, Cullen S, Wong E, Toale C, Collins D, Keane N, Traynor B, Shanahan D, Yan A, Jafree D, Topham C, Mitrasinovic S, Omara S, Bingham G, Lykoudis P, Miranda B, Whitehurst K, Kumaran G, Devabalan Y, Aziz H, Shoa M, Dindyal S, Yates J, Bernstein I, Rattan G, Coulson R, Stezaker S, Isaac A, Salem M, McBride A, McFarlane H, Yow L, MacDonald J, Bartlett R, Turaga S, White U, Liew W, Yim N, Ang A, Simpson A, McAuley D, Craig E, Murphy L, Shepherd P, Kee J, Abdulmajid A, Chung A, Warwick H, Livesey A, Holton P, Theodoreson M, Jenkin S, Turner J, Entwisle J, Marchal S, O'Connor S, Blege H, Aithie J, Sabine L, Stewart G, Jackson S, Kishore A, Lankage C, Acquaah F, Joyce H, McKevitt K, Coffey C, Fawaz A, Dolbec K, O'Sullivan D, Geraghty J, Lim E, Bolton L, FitzPatrick D, Robinson C, Ramtoola T, Collinson S, Grundy L, McEnhill P, Harbhajan Singh G, Loughran D, Golding D, Keeling R, Williams R, Whitham R, Yoganathan S, Nachiappan R, Egan R, Owasil R, Kwan M, He A, Goh R, Bhome R, Wilson H, Teoh P, Raji K, Jayakody N, Matthams J, Chong J, Luk C, Greig R, Trail M, Charalambous G, Rocke A, Gardiner N, Bulley F, Warren N, Brennan E, Fergurson P, Wilson R, Whittingham H, Brown E, Khanijau R, Gandhi K, Morris S, Boulton A, Chandan N, Barthorpe A, Maamari R, Sandhu S, McCann M, Higgs L, Balian V, Reeder C, Diaper C, Sale T, Ali H, Archer C, Clarke A, Heskin J, Hurst P, Farmer J, O'Flynn L, Doan L, Shuker B, Stott G, Vithanage N, Hoban K, Nesargikar P, Kennedy H, Grossart C, Tan E, Roy C, Sim P, Leslie K, Sim D, Abul M, Cody N, Tay A, Woon E, Sng S, Mah J, Robson J, Shakweh E, Wing V, Mills H, Li M, Barrow T, Balaji S, Jordan H, Phillips C, Naveed H, Hirani S, Tai A, Ratnakumaran R, Sahathevan A, Shafi A, Seedat M, Weaver R, Batho A, Punj R, Selvachandran H, Bhatt N, Botchey S, Khonat Z, Brennan K, Morrison C, Devlin E, Linton A, Galloway E, McGarvie S, Ramsay N, McRobbie H, Whewell H, Dean W, Nelaj S, Eragat M, Mishra A, Kane T, Zuhair M, Wells M, Wilkinson D, Woodcock N, Sun E, Aziz N, Ghaffar MKA. Critical care usage after major gastrointestinal and liver surgery: a prospective, multicentre observational study. Br J Anaesth 2019; 122:42-50. [PMID: 30579405 DOI: 10.1016/j.bja.2018.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient selection for critical care admission must balance patient safety with optimal resource allocation. This study aimed to determine the relationship between critical care admission, and postoperative mortality after abdominal surgery. METHODS This prespecified secondary analysis of a multicentre, prospective, observational study included consecutive patients enrolled in the DISCOVER study from UK and Republic of Ireland undergoing major gastrointestinal and liver surgery between October and December 2014. The primary outcome was 30-day mortality. Multivariate logistic regression was used to explore associations between critical care admission (planned and unplanned) and mortality, and inter-centre variation in critical care admission after emergency laparotomy. RESULTS Of 4529 patients included, 37.8% (n=1713) underwent planned critical care admissions from theatre. Some 3.1% (n=86/2816) admitted to ward-level care subsequently underwent unplanned critical care admission. Overall 30-day mortality was 2.9% (n=133/4519), and the risk-adjusted association between 30-day mortality and critical care admission was higher in unplanned [odds ratio (OR): 8.65, 95% confidence interval (CI): 3.51-19.97) than planned admissions (OR: 2.32, 95% CI: 1.43-3.85). Some 26.7% of patients (n=1210/4529) underwent emergency laparotomies. After adjustment, 49.3% (95% CI: 46.8-51.9%, P<0.001) were predicted to have planned critical care admissions, with 7% (n=10/145) of centres outside the 95% CI. CONCLUSIONS After risk adjustment, no 30-day survival benefit was identified for either planned or unplanned postoperative admissions to critical care within this cohort. This likely represents appropriate admission of the highest-risk patients. Planned admissions in selected, intermediate-risk patients may present a strategy to mitigate the risk of unplanned admission. Substantial inter-centre variation exists in planned critical care admissions after emergency laparotomies.
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Lina IA, Ishida W, Liauw JA, Lo SFL, Elder BD, Perdomo-Pantoja A, Theodros D, Witham TF, Holmes C. A mouse model for the study of transplanted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell survival and proliferation in lumbar spinal fusion. Eur Spine J 2018; 28:710-718. [PMID: 30511246 DOI: 10.1007/s00586-018-5839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Bone marrow aspirate has been successfully used alongside a variety of grafting materials to clinically augment spinal fusion. However, little is known about the fate of these transplanted cells. Herein, we develop a novel murine model for the in vivo monitoring of implanted bone marrow cells (BMCs) following spinal fusion. METHODS A clinical-grade scaffold was implanted into immune-intact mice undergoing spinal fusion with or without freshly isolated BMCs from either transgenic mice which constitutively express the firefly luciferase gene or syngeneic controls. The in vivo survival, distribution and proliferation of these luciferase-expressing cells was monitored via bioluminescence imaging over a period of 8 weeks and confirmed via immunohistochemistry. MicroCT imaging was performed 8 weeks to assess fusion. RESULTS Bioluminescence imaging indicated transplanted cell survival and proliferation over the first 2 weeks, followed by a decrease in cell numbers, with transplanted cell survival still evident at the end of the study. New bone formation and increased fusion mass volume were observed in mice implanted with cell-seeded scaffolds. CONCLUSIONS By enabling the tracking of transplanted bone marrow-derived cells during spinal fusion in vivo, this mouse model will be integral to developing a deeper understanding of the biological processes underlying spinal fusion in future studies. These slides can be retrieved under Electronic Supplementary Material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioan A Lina
- Department of Otolaryngology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Jason A Liauw
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic School of Medicine, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Perdomo-Pantoja
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Debebe Theodros
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans St, Rm 2M-51, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
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Wallis D, Holmes C, Holroyd C, Sonpal K, Zarroug J, Adams J, Edwards CJ. Dose reduction of biological therapies for inflammatory rheumatic diseases: what do patients think? Scand J Rheumatol 2018; 48:251-252. [DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2018.1533034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D Wallis
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Holmes
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - C Holroyd
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - K Sonpal
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Zarroug
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Adams
- Centre for Innovation and Leadership in Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - CJ Edwards
- Rheumatology Department, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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Musial J, Holmes C. Five-Year Study on Hiring Trends in Gender, Women's, and Feminist Studies. Feminist Studies 2018. [DOI: 10.1353/fem.2018.0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ishida W, Elder BD, Holmes C, Lo SFL, Goodwin CR, Kosztowski TA, Bydon A, Gokaslan ZL, Wolinsky JP, Sciubba DM, Witham TF. Comparison Between S2-Alar-Iliac Screw Fixation and Iliac Screw Fixation in Adult Deformity Surgery: Reoperation Rates and Spinopelvic Parameters. Global Spine J 2017; 7:672-680. [PMID: 28989847 PMCID: PMC5624376 DOI: 10.1177/2192568217700111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. OBJECTIVE The S2-alar-iliac (S2AI) technique has been described as an alternative method for pelvic fixation in place of iliac screws (ISs) in spinal deformity surgery. The objective of this study was to analyze the impact of S2AI screws on radiographical outcomes, including spinopelvic parameters. METHODS A retrospective review of 17 patients receiving ISs and 46 patients receiving S2AI screws for correction of adult spinal deformity between 2010 and 2015 with minimum 1-year follow-up was conducted. Patient data on postoperative complications, including reoperation rates and proximal junctional kyphosis (PJK), and radiographical parameters was collected and statistically analyzed. RESULTS With mean follow-up of 21.1 months, the overall reoperation rate was significantly lower in the S2AI group than in the IS group (21.7% vs 58.8%, P = .01), but the incidence of PJK was similar (32.6% vs 35.3%, P > .99). Moreover, the time to reoperation in the IS group was significantly shorter than in the S2AI group (P = .001), and the S2AI group trended toward a longer time to reoperation due to PJK (P = .08). There was a significantly higher change in pelvic incidence (PI) in the S2AI group (-6.0°) compared with the IS group (P = .001). CONCLUSIONS Compared with the IS technique, the S2AI technique demonstrated a lower rate of overall reoperation, a similar rate of PJK, longer time to reoperation, and possible reduction in PI. Future studies may be warranted to clarify the mechanism of these results and how they can be translated into improved patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishida
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally to the article
| | - Benjamin D. Elder
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,These authors contributed equally to the article.,Benjamin D. Elder, Department of Neurological Surgery, Mayo Clinic, 200 1st SW, Rochester, MN 55905, USA.
| | - Christina Holmes
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L. Lo
- Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - C. Rory Goodwin
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Ali Bydon
- The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Wendel-Hummell C, Sellon A, Kang H, Lassmann H, Swartzendruber L, Holmes C, Nary D, LaPierre T. IMPLEMENTING KANSAS’S UNIVERSAL ASSESSMENT IN A MANAGED LONG-TERM SERVICES AND SUPPORTS ENVIRONMENT. Innov Aging 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igx004.2411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - A. Sellon
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - H. Kang
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | | | | | - C. Holmes
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
| | - D. Nary
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas
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Meyer T, Harland A, Haworth B, Holmes C, Lucas T, Sherratt P. The Influence of Different Melt Temperatures on the Mechanical Properties of Injection Molded PA-12 and the Post Process Detection by Thermal Analysis. INT POLYM PROC 2017. [DOI: 10.3139/217.3288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Polyamide 12 (PA-12) test plates were injection molded using different melt temperatures and the influence on mechanical properties was investigated using quasi-static tensile and instrumented impact behavior in two conditioned states: dried, and following accelerated moisture intake. Energy absorption in tension is strongly dependent on process temperature (variations up to 99%) and additional variation (around 18%) was evident when testing at different conditioning states. Under high-velocity loading, the total impact energy varied by up to 8.70% and 9.05%, when systematic changes were made to process melt temperature and at moisture content, respectively, with all samples failing ductile. Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) was used to characterise the unique endothermic melting behavior of molded PA-12 samples, by linking different process histories to the respective mechanical properties. With focus on the first heating curve progression, significant changes within the endothermic melting region were pointed out and quantified by using MatLab (software), proving DSC as a reliable testing tool for post-production analysis with increased practical implications regarding quality control as well as failure analysis. Findings for the initial heating curve progression were explained by studying the re-crystallisation peak values during cooling phase and obtained data for the second heating.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Meyer
- Sport Technology Institute , Loughborough University, Loughborough , UK
| | - A. Harland
- Sport Technology Institute , Loughborough University, Loughborough , UK
| | - B. Haworth
- Department of Materials , Loughborough University, Loughborough , UK
| | - C. Holmes
- Adidas Future Team , Adidas AG, Herzogenaurach , Germany
| | - T. Lucas
- Adidas Future Team , Adidas AG, Herzogenaurach , Germany
| | - P. Sherratt
- Sport Technology Institute , Loughborough University, Loughborough , UK
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Watson J, Nieto-Barajas L, Holmes C. Characterizing variation of nonparametric random probability measures using the Kullback–Leibler divergence. STATISTICS-ABINGDON 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/02331888.2016.1258072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. Watson
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L. Nieto-Barajas
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Department of Statistics, ITAM, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - C. Holmes
- Department of Statistics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Ishida W, Elder BD, Holmes C, Goodwin CR, Lo SFL, Kosztowski TA, Bydon A, Gokaslan ZL, Wolinsky JP, Sciubba DM, Witham TF. S2-Alar-Iliac Screws are Associated with Lower Rate of Symptomatic Screw Prominence than Iliac Screws: Radiographic Analysis of Minimal Distance from Screw Head to Skin. World Neurosurg 2016; 93:253-60. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2016.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2016] [Revised: 06/08/2016] [Accepted: 06/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Ishida W, Elder BD, Holmes C, Lo SFL, Witham TF. Variables Affecting Fusion Rates in the Rat Posterolateral Spinal Fusion Model with Autogenic/Allogenic Bone Grafts: A Meta-analysis. Ann Biomed Eng 2016; 44:3186-3201. [PMID: 27473706 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-016-1701-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 07/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The rat posterolateral spinal fusion model with autogenic/allogenic bone graft (rat PFABG) has been increasingly utilized as an experimental model to assess the efficacy of novel fusion treatments. The objective of this study was to investigate the reliability of the rat PFABG model and examine the effects of different variables on spinal fusion. A web-based literature search from January, 1970 to September, 2015, yielded 26 studies, which included 40 rat PFABG control groups and 449 rats. Data regarding age, weight, sex, and strain of rats, graft volume, graft type, decorticated levels, surgical approach, institution, the number of control rats, fusion rate, methods of fusion assessment, and timing of fusion assessment were collected and analyzed. The primary outcome variable of interest was fusion rate, as evaluated by manual palpation. Fusion rates varied widely, from 0 to 96%. The calculated overall fusion rate was 46.1% with an I 2 value of 62.4, which indicated moderate heterogeneity. Weight >300 g, age >14 weeks, male rat, Sprague-Dawley strain, and autogenic coccyx grafts increased fusion rates with statistical significance. Additionally, an assessment time-point ≥8 weeks had a trend towards statistical significance (p = 0.070). Multi-regression analysis demonstrated that timing of assessment and age as continuous variables, as well as sex as a categorical variable, can predict the fusion rate with R 2 = 0.82. In an inter-institution reliability analysis, the pooled overall fusion rate was 50.0% [44.8, 55.3%], with statistically significant differences among fusion outcomes at different institutions (p < 0.001 and I 2 of 72.2). Due to the heterogeneity of fusion outcomes, the reliability of the rat PFABG model was relatively limited. However, selection of adequate variables can optimize its use as a control group in studies evaluating the efficacy of novel fusion therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wataru Ishida
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA.
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA
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Holmes C, McDonald F, Jones M, Graham J. Knowledge Translation: Moving Proteomics Science to Innovation in Society. OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology 2016; 20:352-61. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2016.0032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Fiona McDonald
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mavis Jones
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - Janice Graham
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Holmes C. Ecofeminism. Australian Feminist Studies 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/08164649.2016.1175054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Holmes C, Carlson SM, McDonald F, Jones M, Graham J. Exploring the post-genomic world: differing explanatory and manipulatory functions of post-genomic sciences. New Genet Soc 2016; 35:49-68. [PMID: 27134568 PMCID: PMC4841027 DOI: 10.1080/14636778.2015.1133280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Richard Lewontin proposed that the ability of a scientific field to create a narrative for public understanding garners it social relevance. This article applies Lewontin's conceptual framework of the functions of science (manipulatory and explanatory) to compare and explain the current differences in perceived societal relevance of genetics/genomics and proteomics. We provide three examples to illustrate the social relevance and strong cultural narrative of genetics/genomics for which no counterpart exists for proteomics. We argue that the major difference between genetics/genomics and proteomics is that genomics has a strong explanatory function, due to the strong cultural narrative of heredity. Based on qualitative interviews and observations of proteomics conferences, we suggest that the nature of proteins, lack of public understanding, and theoretical complexity exacerbates this difference for proteomics. Lewontin's framework suggests that social scientists may find that omics sciences affect social relations in different ways than past analyses of genetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Siobhan M. Carlson
- Interdisciplinary Studies, University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, NB, Canada
| | - Fiona McDonald
- Australian Centre for Health Law Research, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Mavis Jones
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Janice Graham
- Technoscience and Regulation Research Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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Goldstein D, Holmes C, Sullivan P, Mash D, Sidransky E, Stefani A, Kopin I, Sharabi Y. Biomarkers and mechanisms of central catecholamine deficiency in MSA. Auton Neurosci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.autneu.2015.07.353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wootton L, Holmes C, Sahoo N, Beddar S. TH-CD-BRA-06: Proton Beam Entrance Dosimetry with the Exradin W1 Plastic Scintillation Detector. Med Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4926231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Elder BD, Lo SFL, Holmes C, Goodwin CR, Kosztowski TA, Lina IA, Locke JE, Witham TF. The biomechanics of pedicle screw augmentation with cement. Spine J 2015; 15:1432-45. [PMID: 25797809 DOI: 10.1016/j.spinee.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CONTEXT A persistent challenge in spine surgery is improving screw fixation in patients with poor bone quality. Augmenting pedicle screw fixation with cement appears to be a promising approach. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to survey the literature and assess the previous biomechanical studies on pedicle screw augmentation with cement to provide in-depth discussions of the biomechanical benefits of multiple parameters in screw augmentation. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING This is a systematic literature review. METHODS A search of Medline was performed, combining search terms of pedicle screw, augmentation, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, polymethylmethacrylate, calcium phosphate, or calcium sulfate. The retrieved articles and their references were reviewed, and articles dealing with biomechanical testing were included in this article. RESULTS Polymethylmethacrylate is an effective material for enhancing pedicle screw fixation in both osteoporosis and revision spine surgery models. Several other calcium ceramics also appear promising, although further work is needed in material development. Although fenestrated screw delivery appears to have some benefits, it results in similar screw fixation to prefilling the cement with a solid screw. Some differences in screw biomechanics were noted with varying cement volume and curing time, and some benefits from a kyphoplasty approach over a vertebroplasty approach have been noted. Additionally, in cadaveric models, cemented-augmented screws were able to be removed, albeit at higher extraction torques, without catastrophic damage to the vertebral body. However, there is a risk of cement extravasation leading to potentially neurological or cardiovascular complications with cement use. A major limitation of these reviewed studies is that biomechanical tests were generally performed at screw implantation or after a limited cyclic loading cycle; thus, the results may not be entirely clinically applicable. This is particularly true in the case of the bioactive calcium ceramics, as these biomechanical studies would not have measured the effects of osseointegration. CONCLUSIONS Polymethylmethacrylate and various calcium ceramics appear promising for the augmentation of pedicle screw fixation biomechanically in both osteoporosis and revision spine surgery models. Further translational studies should be performed, and the results summarized in this review will need to be correlated with the clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.
| | - Sheng-Fu L Lo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Christina Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Courtney R Goodwin
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Thomas A Kosztowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ioan A Lina
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - John E Locke
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Timothy F Witham
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1800 Orleans St, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Salem Y, Liu H, Podgore J, Schwarz B, Holmes C. Benefits and barriers of physical therapy students participation in resource-poor international clinical education. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Elder BD, Holmes C, Goodwin CR, Lo SF, Puvanesarajah V, Kosztowski TA, Locke JE, Witham TF. A systematic assessment of the use of platelet-rich plasma in spinal fusion. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 43:1057-70. [PMID: 25794962 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1300-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 03/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinal fusion is one of the most commonly performed procedures for the treatment of spinal instability caused by a multitude of pathologies. However, despite significant advances in spinal instrumentation, failed fusion, or pseudoarthrosis, remains a significant challenge. Therefore, other additives such as bone graft extenders and growth factors have been explored as a method to augment fusion rates. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) represents an additional approach, as it has shown some promise in bone regeneration. While the general use of PRP in orthopedic applications has been reviewed previously, its use in spinal fusion has not been systematically analyzed. The objective of this review is to systematically discuss the role of PRP in augmentation of bone regeneration for the purpose of spinal fusion. Background information on PRP, including a discussion of its preparation, activation, and growth factors, is included. Additionally, data from in vitro studies utilizing PRP in bone tissue engineering strategies is analyzed, and the available animal and clinical studies are systematically reviewed in order to provide guidance on future research pathways as well as the potential role of PRP in spinal fusion surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D Elder
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, 1800 Orleans St., Room 6007, Baltimore, MD, 21287, USA,
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Mackin D, Zhang X, Li Y, Li H, Wu R, Poenisch F, Suzuki K, Kerr M, Holmes C, Zhu X, Sahoo N, Gillin M. MO-F-16A-05: Spot-Scanning Proton Therapy Patient-Specific Quality Assurance: Our Methodology and Results From 295 Treatment Plans. Med Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4889176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Cook GA, Sullivan P, Holmes C, Goldstein DS. Cardiac sympathetic denervation without Lewy bodies in a case of multiple system atrophy. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2014; 20:926-8. [PMID: 24794098 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2014.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Revised: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G A Cook
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - P Sullivan
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - C Holmes
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - D S Goldstein
- Clinical Neurocardiology Section, NINDS, NIH, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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Brant S, Holmes C, West L, Cobert M, Jessen M, Peltz M. Influence of Oxidative and Anaplerotic Subtrates on Myocardial Metabolism During Hypothermic Machine Perfusion. J Heart Lung Transplant 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2014.01.680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Holmes C, Daoud J, Bagnaninchi PO, Tabrizian M. Polyelectrolyte multilayer coating of 3D scaffolds enhances tissue growth and gene delivery: non-invasive and label-free assessment. Adv Healthc Mater 2014; 3:572-80. [PMID: 24030932 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201300301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Layer-by-layer (LbL) deposition is a versatile technique which is beginning to be be explored for inductive tissue engineering applications. Here, it is demonstrated that a polyelectrolyte multilayer film system composed of glycol-chitosan (Glyc-CHI) and hyaluronic acid (HA) can be used to coat 3D micro-fabricated polymeric tissue engineering scaffolds. In order to overcome many of the limitations associated with conventional techniques for assessing cell growth and viability within 3D scaffolds, two novel, real-time, label-free techniques are introduced: impedance monitoring and optical coherence phase microscopy. Using these methods, it is shown that LbL-coated scaffolds support in vitro cell growth and viability for a period of at least two weeks at levels higher than uncoated controls. These polyelectrolyte multilayer coatings are then further adapted for non-viral gene delivery applications via incorporation of DNA carrier lipoplexes. Scaffold-based delivery of the enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) marker gene from these coatings is successfully demonstrated in vitro, achieving a two-fold increase in transfection efficiency compared with control scaffolds. These results show the great potential of Glyc-CHI/HA polyelectrolyte multilayer films for a variety of gene delivery and inductive tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Jamal Daoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal H3A 2B4 Canada
| | - Pierre O. Bagnaninchi
- MRC Centre for Regenerative Medicine; University of Edinburgh; Edinburgh EH16 4SB Scotland
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal H3A 2B4 Canada
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Lambert JC, Ibrahim-Verbaas CA, Harold D, Naj AC, Sims R, Bellenguez C, DeStafano AL, Bis JC, Beecham GW, Grenier-Boley B, Russo G, Thorton-Wells TA, Jones N, Smith AV, Chouraki V, Thomas C, Ikram MA, Zelenika D, Vardarajan BN, Kamatani Y, Lin CF, Gerrish A, Schmidt H, Kunkle B, Dunstan ML, Ruiz A, Bihoreau MT, Choi SH, Reitz C, Pasquier F, Cruchaga C, Craig D, Amin N, Berr C, Lopez OL, De Jager PL, Deramecourt V, Johnston JA, Evans D, Lovestone S, Letenneur L, Morón FJ, Rubinsztein DC, Eiriksdottir G, Sleegers K, Goate AM, Fiévet N, Huentelman MW, Gill M, Brown K, Kamboh MI, Keller L, Barberger-Gateau P, McGuiness B, Larson EB, Green R, Myers AJ, Dufouil C, Todd S, Wallon D, Love S, Rogaeva E, Gallacher J, St George-Hyslop P, Clarimon J, Lleo A, Bayer A, Tsuang DW, Yu L, Tsolaki M, Bossù P, Spalletta G, Proitsi P, Collinge J, Sorbi S, Sanchez-Garcia F, Fox NC, Hardy J, Deniz Naranjo MC, Bosco P, Clarke R, Brayne C, Galimberti D, Mancuso M, Matthews F, Moebus S, Mecocci P, Del Zompo M, Maier W, Hampel H, Pilotto A, Bullido M, Panza F, Caffarra P, Nacmias B, Gilbert JR, Mayhaus M, Lannefelt L, Hakonarson H, Pichler S, Carrasquillo MM, Ingelsson M, Beekly D, Alvarez V, Zou F, Valladares O, Younkin SG, Coto E, Hamilton-Nelson KL, Gu W, Razquin C, Pastor P, Mateo I, Owen MJ, Faber KM, Jonsson PV, Combarros O, O'Donovan MC, Cantwell LB, Soininen H, Blacker D, Mead S, Mosley TH, Bennett DA, Harris TB, Fratiglioni L, Holmes C, de Bruijn RF, Passmore P, Montine TJ, Bettens K, Rotter JI, Brice A, Morgan K, Foroud TM, Kukull WA, Hannequin D, Powell JF, Nalls MA, Ritchie K, Lunetta KL, Kauwe JS, Boerwinkle E, Riemenschneider M, Boada M, Hiltuenen M, Martin ER, Schmidt R, Rujescu D, Wang LS, Dartigues JF, Mayeux R, Tzourio C, Hofman A, Nöthen MM, Graff C, Psaty BM, Jones L, Haines JL, Holmans PA, Lathrop M, Pericak-Vance MA, Launer LJ, Farrer LA, van Duijn CM, Van Broeckhoven C, Moskvina V, Seshadri S, Williams J, Schellenberg GD, Amouyel P. Meta-analysis of 74,046 individuals identifies 11 new susceptibility loci for Alzheimer's disease. Nat Genet 2013; 45:1452-8. [PMID: 24162737 PMCID: PMC3896259 DOI: 10.1038/ng.2802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2947] [Impact Index Per Article: 267.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Eleven susceptibility loci for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD) were identified by previous studies; however, a large portion of the genetic risk for this disease remains unexplained. We conducted a large, two-stage meta-analysis of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in individuals of European ancestry. In stage 1, we used genotyped and imputed data (7,055,881 SNPs) to perform meta-analysis on 4 previously published GWAS data sets consisting of 17,008 Alzheimer's disease cases and 37,154 controls. In stage 2, 11,632 SNPs were genotyped and tested for association in an independent set of 8,572 Alzheimer's disease cases and 11,312 controls. In addition to the APOE locus (encoding apolipoprotein E), 19 loci reached genome-wide significance (P < 5 × 10(-8)) in the combined stage 1 and stage 2 analysis, of which 11 are newly associated with Alzheimer's disease.
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Sima C, Gates JC, Holmes C, Mennea PL, Zervas MN, Smith PGR. Terahertz bandwidth photonic Hilbert transformers based on synthesized planar Bragg grating fabrication. Opt Lett 2013; 38:3448-3451. [PMID: 23988981 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.003448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Terahertz bandwidth photonic Hilbert transformers are proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The integrated device is fabricated via a direct UV grating writing technique in a silica-on-silicon platform. The photonic Hilbert transformer operates at bandwidths of up to 2 THz (~16 nm) in the telecom band, a 10-fold greater bandwidth than any previously reported experimental approaches. Achieving this performance requires detailed knowledge of the system transfer function of the direct UV grating writing technique; this allows improved linearity and yields terahertz bandwidth Bragg gratings with improved spectral quality. By incorporating a flat-top reflector and Hilbert grating with a waveguide coupler, an ultrawideband all-optical single-sideband filter is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaotan Sima
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Butchart JW, Wolfe LJ, Holmes C, Brewer L, Bennett K, Williams D, O'Halloran AM, King-Kallimanis BL, Kenny RA, McDonald C, Pearce MS, Newton JL, Kerr S, Dean KJ, Jenkinson C, Wilcock GK, McCrory C, Gallagher D, Kenny RA, Robinson SM, Canavan M, O'Keeffe ST, Jackson TA, Nicolson P, Sheehan B. Psychiatry and mental health. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Banerjee S, Hellier J, Romeo R, Dewey M, Knapp M, Ballard C, Baldwin R, Bentham P, Fox C, Holmes C, Katona C, Lawton C, Lindesay J, Livingston G, McCrae N, Moniz-Cook E, Murray J, Nurock S, Orrell M, O'Brien J, Poppe M, Thomas A, Walwyn R, Wilson K, Burns A. Study of the use of antidepressants for depression in dementia: the HTA-SADD trial--a multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine. Health Technol Assess 2013; 17:1-166. [PMID: 23438937 DOI: 10.3310/hta17070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Depression is common in dementia, causing considerable distress and other negative impacts. Treating it is a clinical priority, but the evidence base is sparse and equivocal. This trial aimed to determine clinical effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine in reducing depression 13 weeks post randomisation compared with placebo. DESIGN Multicentre, parallel-group, double-blind placebo-controlled randomised controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness of sertraline and mirtazapine with 13- and 39-week follow-up. SETTING Nine English old-age psychiatry services. PARTICIPANTS A pragmatic trial. Eligibility: probable or possible Alzheimer's disease (AD), depression (4+ weeks) and Cornell Scale for Depression in Dementia (CSDD) score of 8+. EXCLUSIONS clinically too critical (e.g. suicide risk); contraindication to medication; taking antidepressants; in another trial; and having no carer. INTERVENTIONS (1) Sertraline; (2) mirtazapine; and (3) placebo, all with normal care. Target doses: 150 mg of sertraline or 45 mg of mirtazapine daily. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES OUTCOME CSDD score. Randomisation: Allocated 1 : 1 : 1 through Trials Unit, independently of trial team. Stratified block randomisation by centre, with randomly varying block sizes; computer-generated randomisation. Blinding: Double blind: medication and placebo identical for each antidepressant. Referring clinicians, research workers, participants and pharmacies were blind. Statisticians blind until analyses completed. RESULTS Numbers randomised: 326 participants randomised (111 placebo, 107 sertraline and 108 mirtazapine). OUTCOME Differences in CSDD at 13 weeks from an adjusted linear-mixed model: mean difference (95% CI) placebo-sertraline 1.17 (-0.23 to 2.78; p = 0.102); placebo-mirtazapine 0.01 (-1.37 to 1.38; p = 0.991); and mirtazapine-sertraline 1.16 (-0.27 to 2.60; p = 0.112). HARMS Placebo group had fewer adverse reactions (29/111, 26%) than sertraline (46/107, 43%) or mirtazapine (44/108, 41%; p = 0.017); 39-week mortality equal, five deaths in each group. CONCLUSIONS This is a trial with negative findings but important clinical implications. The data suggest that the antidepressants tested, given with normal care, are not clinically effective (compared with placebo) for clinically significant depression in AD. This implies a need to change current practice of antidepressants being the first-line treatment of depression in AD. From the data generated we formulated the following recommendations for future work. (1) The secondary analyses presented here suggest that there would be value in carrying out a placebo-controlled trial of the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of mirtazapine in the management of Behavioural and Psychological Symptoms of Dementia. (2) A conclusion from this study is that it remains both ethical and essential for trials of new medication for depression in dementia to have a placebo arm. (3) Further research is required to evaluate the impact that treatments for depression in people with dementia can have on their carers not only in terms of any impacts on their quality of life, but also the time they spend care-giving. (4) There is a need for research into alternative biological and psychological therapies for depression in dementia. These could include evaluations of new classes of antidepressants (such as venlafaxine) or antidementia medication (e.g. cholinesterase inhibitors). (5) Research is needed to investigate the natural history of depression in dementia in the community when patients are not referred to secondary care services. (6) Further work is needed to investigate the cost modelling results in this rich data set, investigating carer burden and possible moderators to the treatment effects. (7) There is scope for reanalysis of the primary outcome in terms of carer and participant CSDD results.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Banerjee
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, BSMS Teaching Building, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
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Sima C, Gates JC, Rogers HL, Mennea PL, Holmes C, Zervas MN, Smith PGR. Ultra-wide detuning planar Bragg grating fabrication technique based on direct UV grating writing with electro-optic phase modulation. Opt Express 2013; 21:15747-15754. [PMID: 23842361 DOI: 10.1364/oe.21.015747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A direct UV grating writing technique based on phase-controlled interferometry is proposed and demonstrated in a silica-on-silicon platform, with a wider wavelength detuning range than any previously reported UV writing technology. Electro-optic phase modulation of one beam in the interferometer is used to manipulate the fringe pattern and thus control the parameters of the Bragg gratings and waveguides. Various grating structures with refractive index apodization, phase shifts and index contrasts of up to 0.8 × 10(-3) have been demonstrated. The method offers significant time/energy efficiency as well as simplified optical layout and fabrication process. We have shown Bragg gratings can be made from 1200 nm to 1900 nm exclusively under software control and the maximum peak grating reflectivity only decreases by 3 dBover a 250 nm (~32 THz) bandwidth.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Sima
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
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Mackin D, Zhang X, Li Y, Taylor M, Kerr M, Holmes C, Sahoo N, Poenisch F, Li H, Lii M, Amos R, Wu R, Suzuki K, Gillin M, Zhu X. SU-E-T-157: Improving Spot Scanning Proton Therapy Patient-Specific Quality Assurance Through Early Application of Second-Check Dose Calculation Software. Med Phys 2013. [DOI: 10.1118/1.4814592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Butchart JW, Wolfe LJ, Holmes C, O'Hare CJ, Lawlor BA, Kenny RA, Goldberg SE, Whittamore KH, Harwood RH, Gladman JR, Schneider JM. Psychiatry and mental health. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Sima C, Gates JC, Rogers HL, Mennea PL, Holmes C, Zervas MN, Smith PGR. Phase controlled integrated interferometric single-sideband filter based on planar Bragg gratings implementing photonic Hilbert transform. Opt Lett 2013; 38:727-729. [PMID: 23455279 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.000727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The monolithically integrated all-optical single-sideband (SSB) filter based on photonic Hilbert transform and planar Bragg gratings is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. An SSB suppression of 12 dB at 6 GHz and sideband switching are achieved via thermal tuning. An X-coupler, photonic Hilbert transformer, flat top reflector, and a micro heater are incorporated in a single silicon-on-silica substrate. The device can be thermally tuned by the micro heater on top of the channel waveguide. The device is fabricated using a combination of direct UV grating writing technology and photolithography.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaotan Sima
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Holmes C, Tabrizian M, Bagnaninchi PO. Motility imaging via optical coherence phase microscopy enables label-free monitoring of tissue growth and viability in 3D tissue-engineering scaffolds. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 9:641-5. [DOI: 10.1002/term.1687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christina Holmes
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal Canada
| | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; McGill University; Montreal Canada
- Faculty of Dentistry; McGill University; Montreal Canada
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Holmes
- University of Southampton; Division of Clinical and Experimental Science; Memory Assessment and Research Centre; Moorgreen Hospital; Southampton; UK
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