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Randler C, Rahafar A, Großmann N. Big five personality and recreation specialization are related to satisfaction with life in birders. Heliyon 2023; 9:e21455. [PMID: 37954277 PMCID: PMC10632718 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e21455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Personality traits and recreation specialization are related to an individual's satisfaction with life. In addition, previous research has identified relationships between personality traits and recreational specialization. However, little is known about the interrelationship of the two variables in relation to life satisfaction. In this study, we addressed these relationships in birdwatchers. 555 birders (Mage = 49.11 years, SDage = 17.14; 380 males, 170 females, 2 diverse, 3 without answer) from German-speaking countries filled out an online survey. The participants rated the BFI-10, a global assessment of life satisfaction, and three dimensions of recreation specialization (skill/knowledge, behavior, commitment). Satisfaction with life was positively correlated with extraversion, agreeableness, and conscientiousness, and negatively with neuroticism. Concerning recreation specialization, positive relationships between satisfaction with life and skill/knowledge as well as behavior were found; especially the dimension of skill/knowledge was positively related to conscientiousness and negatively to neuroticism. Openness was negatively related to the three dimensions of recreation specialization. The mediation analyses showed that skill/knowledge is directly and indirectly related to satisfaction with life. Birding as active outdoor activity has positive relationship with life satisfaction, and this seems to be mainly based on the cognitive component, with a high knowledge related to a higher life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Arash Rahafar
- Department of Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Nadine Großmann
- Department for Didactics of Biology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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Randler C, Jokimäki J, de Salvo M, de Almeida Barbosa R, Staller N, Tryjanowski P, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki ML, Tsai JS, Ortiz-Pulido R, Rahafar A, Giuffrida L. Spatial, temporal, and motivational changes due to the COVID-19 pandemic in a nature-based leisure activity - A global survey of birders. iScience 2023; 26:107483. [PMID: 37588164 PMCID: PMC10425937 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Birdwatchers contribute an immense amount of data to citizen science databases. Thus, birding is important from the leisure perspective and from nature conservation. During the COVID-19 pandemic, we studied birdwatchers on a global scale in over 50 countries by applying the model of behavior change, which focuses on changes in opportunity (spatial, temporal), motivation, and capability (avoidance behavior). The sample consisted of 5051 participants (3437 men, 1575 women, mean age 49 years). Birders changed their spatial behavior to more local birding and to avoidance behavior by choosing different places and different clock times. Concerning motivation, being outdoors showed the highest increase and being with friends the strongest decrease. Higher specialized birders experienced a stronger shift toward regional birding. Birders that focused on new, local, or unrewarding places experienced an increase in motivation. Our study empirically supports the behavior change model and highlights the need to address the heterogeneity of the recreationists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jukka Jokimäki
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, Rovaniemi, Finland
| | - Maria de Salvo
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Renan de Almeida Barbosa
- Graduate Program in Science Education, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Naomi Staller
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
- Department of Life Science Systems, Technical University of Munich, Freising, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Garching, Germany
| | | | - Jo-Szu Tsai
- Department of Biological Resources, National Chiayi University, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | - Raúl Ortiz-Pulido
- Population Ecology Laboratory, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Pachuca, Mexico
| | - Arash Rahafar
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laura Giuffrida
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
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Härtel T, Vanhöfen J, Randler C. Selection of Indicator Bird Species as a Baseline for Knowledge Assessment in Biodiversity Survey Studies. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2230. [PMID: 37444028 PMCID: PMC10340033 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The loss of Earth's biodiversity is accompanied by a loss of public knowledge about species. Many scientists are convinced that knowledge about species is an important prerequisite to interest and investment in species conservation. In the past, knowledge about species has mostly been assessed using birds, but there is no consensus on which birds could serve as a baseline for knowledge about species in the general public. The aim of this study is to provide a list of the 'golden 50' bird species in Germany that can be used by educational institutions, as well as studies about species knowledge to make them more comparable. The list can also serve as a basis for the selection of so-called flagship species, which are used for the protection of habitats and other species due to their high likeability. To achieve this, three consecutive steps were conducted: an analysis of bird-related databases to determine which species might be common and known and two expert panel studies. The data analysis included several factors: species characteristics, Citizen Science data, public value and importance, and scientific studies. In both the first and second rounds, experts were asked for their opinion on which species should be known by the general public in Germany. The first expert panel, which consisted of only a small group of experts (n = 6), was mainly used to reduce the number of species for the second panel. In the second expert panel, 197 ornithologically qualified experts from all over Germany were asked for their assessment. The correlations between the expert assessments and the different variables were all significant (except for the species trait "colourfulness"), which validates the selection process used here and consequently the species list that has been compiled. The selection process can also be applied to other biogeographical regions or taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Härtel
- Department of Biology, Eberhard-Karls-University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany; (J.V.); (C.R.)
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Pelin M, Sert H, Horzum MB, Randler C. Relationship between burnout levels of nurses and their circadian preference, sleep quality, and personality traits. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:885-895. [PMID: 37338040 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2222814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/21/2023]
Abstract
Occupational stress and burnout are widely encountered among many healthcare professionals, including nurses and doctors, as well as among members of other professions. For example, nurses, who have disrupted circadian rhythms, are seen to have sleep problems. In addition, their personality traits are also considered to be related with burnout. This study aimed to identify nurses' circadian preference and personality traits along with their effects on sleep quality and their relationship with burnout. In this study, 211 nurses (40 male, 171 female) using the correlational model from quantitative research methods was used since the variables of morningness/eveningness, personality trait, sleep quality, and burnout were aimed to be investigated at once, without intervention, within the predictivity context of the relationship among them. When the scores obtained from the burnout scale were examined, it was observed that the emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment subdimensions were so close to the median value and mean, while depersonalization was quite low compared to these sub-dimensions. The participants' sleep quality was seen to be at the lowest step of the poor sleep quality class. When the scores obtained from the MESSI scale are examined, it is seen that the scores obtained from the morning affect dimension are above the median value, and the highest average according to the Five-Factor Personality Traits Scale is obtained in the subdimensions of agreeableness and conscientiousness. Female gender, constantly work at night, having a high number of weekly working hours increased burnout level. Additionally Evening chronotype, poor sleep quality, neuroticism, agreeableness, extroversion and conscientiousness personality traits were found to be associated with burnout in this study. In the study, being of different chronotypes, having other personality traits, and varying sleep quality scores were seen to affect the sub-dimensions of burnout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Pelin
- Institute of Health Science, Department of Medical Nursing, Science Sakarya University, Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Havva Sert
- Faculty of Health Science, Department of Medical Nursing, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Mehmet Bariş Horzum
- Education Faculty, Computer and Instructional Technology Department, Sakarya University, Serdivan, Türkiye
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tubingen, Germany
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Abstract
Background and objective This study aimed to evaluate the sleep patterns of students and employees working onsite versus those working from home during the COVID-19 pandemic using actigraphy. Methods A total of 75 students/employees (onsite: N = 40, home-office: N = 35; age range: 19-56 years; 32% male; 42.7% students, 49.3% employees) were studied between December 2020 and January 2022 using actigraphy, a sleep diary, and an online questionnaire assessing sociodemographics and morningness-eveningness. Independent-sample t-tests, paired-sample tests, and a multivariate general linear model adjusting for age (fixed factors: sex and work environment) were applied. Results Overall, onsite workers had significantly earlier rise times (7:05 [SD: 1:11] versus 7:44 [1:08] hours) and midpoints of sleep (2:57 [0:58] versus 3:33 [0:58] hours) on weekdays compared to home-office workers. Sleep efficiency, sleep duration, variability of sleep timing, and social jetlag did not differ between the groups. Discussion Home-office workers showed a delay in sleep timing that did not affect any other sleep parameters such as sleep efficiency or nighttime sleep duration. The work environment had only marginal impact on sleep patterns and thus sleep health in this sample. Sleep timing variability did not differ between groups. Supplementary Information The online version of this article (10.1007/s11818-023-00408-5) contains supplementary material 1 and 2, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirja Quante
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Helen Deutsch
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Randler C, Vanhöfen J, Härtel T, Neunhoeffer F, Engeser C, Fischer C. Psychological restoration depends on curiosity, motivation, and species richness during a guided bird walk in a suburban blue space. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1176202. [PMID: 37342642 PMCID: PMC10278354 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1176202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Urban and suburban green and blue spaces are important places for human recreation, and the impact of biodiversity on psychological and recalled restoration has received much attention. This study addresses the relationship between bird species richness and restoration in a controlled field experiment (guided bird walk) applying a battery of individual trait scales (need for cognition, personality) as predictors of restoration. We found a significant positive relationship between the number of bird species present and recalled restoration. Personality, bird species knowledge, bird related interest as test measures, demographics and birding specialization as self-report had no influence on psychological restoration. However, need for cognition correlated positively with psychological restoration, thus providing a new predictive variable. All subscales of the intrinsic motivation scale (enjoyment, perceived competence, perceived choice, pressure/tension) were positively correlated with restoration except of pressure/tension. Learning emotions like interest and well-being were positively related to restoration, while boredom was negatively related. Therefore, we suggest research to examine the restorative function of more cognitive-oriented programs because people may also need cognition when it comes to restoration. We also suggest a broader focus on education and cognitive aspects when it comes to linking biodiversity and health within the framework of ecosystem services.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Janina Vanhöfen
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Talia Härtel
- Department of Biology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Cheyenne Engeser
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Fischer
- Hector Research Institute of Education Sciences and Psychology, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Gorgol J, Waleriańczyk W, Randler C. Exploring the associations between the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) and the higher-order personality factors. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:812-823. [PMID: 37183995 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2212043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Morningness-eveningness refers to individual differences in the sleep-wake cycle. Research indicates that morningness-eveningness is associated with the Big Five (neuroticism, extraversion, openness to experience, agreeableness, conscientiousness) and the Big Two (alpha-stability, beta-plasticity) personality factors. However, the latter has not yet been tested within the multidimensional approach to morningness-eveningness. In the present study, we have adapted the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi) to Polish (https://osf.io/rcxb5) to explore the associations between its subscales (morning affect, eveningness, distinctness) and the Big Two personality traits in a sample of 1106 participants (559 women and 547 men) aged 18 to 55 (M = 36.26, SD = 9.90). In bivariate correlations, morning affect was positively related to alpha-stability and beta-plasticity, distinctness was correlated negatively with alpha-stability and beta-plasticity, while eveningness was positively correlated only with beta-plasticity. Furthermore, the confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure of the Polish version of MESSi, while the associations with affect and the symptoms of depression and anxiety attested to its validity. Overall, the present study provides the first evidence for the associations between MESSi subscales and the Big Two personality traits, as well as shows a good fit of the three-factor structure of MESSi in the Polish population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Gorgol
- Faculty of Psychology, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
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8
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Staller N, Randler C, Weigel M, Schredl M. Chronotype and sensory-processing sensitivity: A cross-sectional survey. Chronobiol Int 2023; 40:725-733. [PMID: 37096551 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2023.2204158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Here we examined the possibility of a relationship of sensory processing sensitivity (SPS) with chronotype in a German-speaking sample of N = 1807 (1008 female, 799 male) with a mean age of 47.75 ± 14.41 y (range: 18-97 y). The data were collected using an anonymous online questionnaire (Chronotype: one item of the Morning-Evening-Questionnaire, as well as typical bedtimes on weekdays and weekends; SPS: German version of the three-factor model ; Big Five: NEO-FFI-30) between 21 and 27 April 2021. Results. We found morningness to correlate with the SPS facet low sensory threshold (LST), while eveningness correlated to aesthetic sensitivity (AES) and marginally significant to ease of excitation (EOE). Discussion: The results show that the correlations between chronotype and the Big Five personality traits are not consistent with the direction of the correlations between chronotype and the SPS facets. The reason for this could be different genes that are responsible for the individual traits influence each other differently depending on their expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Muriel Weigel
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Schredl
- Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim/Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
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Härtel T, Randler C, Baur A. Using Species Knowledge to Promote Pro-Environmental Attitudes? The Association among Species Knowledge, Environmental System Knowledge and Attitude towards theEnvironment in Secondary School Students. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13060972. [PMID: 36978514 PMCID: PMC10044244 DOI: 10.3390/ani13060972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Scientists and conservationists suggest species knowledge as a possible starting point when it comes to creating deeper knowledge and awareness of nature, the environment, and biodiversity. The aim of this work was to analyze secondary school students’ species knowledge of vertebrates and invertebrates. This is one of the first studies that also draws on invertebrates. Furthermore, we investigated whether knowledge of species forms a basis for the formation of environmental knowledge and attitude towards the environment. For this purpose, a questionnaire on species knowledge was developed. In addition, a questionnaire was used to measure environmental system knowledge, and the 2-MEV Attitude Scale to measure attitude towards the environment. The questionnaires were completed by 103 seventh and eighth-grade (age: 12–13) students of a secondary German school (Gymnasium, highest stratification level). The students identified more vertebrates than invertebrates (50.15% vs. 36.7%). The structural equation model with the latent variables species knowledge, environmental system knowledge, and attitude towards the environment showed that species knowledge has a highly significant influence on the two other latent variables. More precisely species knowledge explained 28% of the variance in environmental systems knowledge and 17% of the variance in attitude towards the environment. This study can therefore draw attention to the relevance of teaching species knowledge in the sense of Education for Sustainable Development, in order not to promote decreasing biodiversity through dwindling species knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Talia Härtel
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- Heidelberg School of Education, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Heidelberg University of Education, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, 72076 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Armin Baur
- Heidelberg School of Education, 69115 Heidelberg, Germany
- Department of Biology, Heidelberg University of Education, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Dutour M, Fernández GJ, Randler C. How great tits respond to urgency‐based information in allopatric Southern house wren mobbing calls. Ethology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/eth.13329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Dutour
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Gustavo J. Fernández
- Grupo de Investigación en Ecofisiología de Fauna Silvestre, INIBIOMA‐CONICET, Asentamiento Universitario San Martín de los Andes (AUSMA) Universidad Nacional del Comahue Neuquén Argentina
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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11
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Dutour
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - A. R. Ridley
- Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley WA Australia
| | - C. Randler
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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12
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Randler C, Murawiec S, Tryjanowski P. Committed Bird-Watchers Gain Greater Psychological Restorative Benefits Compared to Those Less Committed Regardless of Expertise. Ecopsychology 2022. [DOI: 10.1089/eco.2021.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | | | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
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13
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Staller N, Kalbacher L, Randler C. Impact of pandemic lockdown on learning behaviour and sleep quality in German students. Somnologie 2022; 26:98-105. [PMID: 35401045 PMCID: PMC8981197 DOI: 10.1007/s11818-022-00346-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This study addresses the effects of the coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) restriction measures on sleep and bedtime habits of N = 637 German university students.
Methods
The questionnaire was distributed online during two different time periods in 2020 (February 27–March 21) and in 2021 (February 27–March 27). The first data collection phase was immediately before the first strict lockdown to contain the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany, and the second data collection phase was during the second lockdown. The survey was composed of validated questionnaires and additional questions regarding the changes in sleep/bedtimes and the status of lectures during the lockdown phase.
Results
The average Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) score in the sample decreased during the lockdown phase, corresponding to the fact that students were less burdened with daytime sleepiness. Moreover, the sample had earlier rise and earlier bedtimes on free days during the lockdown period. Furthermore, the increase in flexible learning times brought about by the pandemic negatively impacted the students’ lifestyle and increased irregularities in sleeping habits.
Conclusion
Significant changes in sleeping patterns seem to be attributable to the pandemic lockdown as found in this self-reported student survey. While daytime sleepiness decreased and earlier overall bedtimes were noted, the impact on the irregularity of sleeping and learning patterns seems to be the most notable finding, as this affects overall quality of life and learning performance. Further studies are needed to validate these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Lisa Kalbacher
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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14
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Paciello LM, Quante M, Weidenauer C, Rueschman M, Nieratschker V, Poets CF, Randler C. Validity of chronotype questionnaires in adolescents: Correlations with actigraphy. J Sleep Res 2022; 31:e13576. [PMID: 35246881 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
There are only a few validated chronotype and morningness-eveningness questionnaires for adolescents. We evaluated three such questionnaires, namely Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved; reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents; and Composite Scale of Morningness in adolescents against actigraphy. Fifty-five healthy 13- to 16-year-old adolescents completed the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, Composite Scale of Morningness, and Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale, and provided a 7-day actigraphy and sleep diary recording about their sleep-wake patterns. We examined the correlations between sleep-wake and activity parameters, and the questionnaires. The influence of age and sex on chronotype classification was studied using uni- and multivariate analyses. All three chronotype questionnaires showed good internal consistency and convergent validity. Spearman correlations reflected less daytime sleepiness, earlier sleep times, midpoints of sleep, and acrophase in morning-oriented participants. Evening-oriented participants had more sleepiness and later respective sleep-wake times. Chronotype classification differed significantly between questionnaires. The Composite Scale of Morningness classified more participants as morning types when compared with the reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (12 versus 7, respectively), and fewer adolescents as evening types (5 versus 9, respectively). Age and sex had no significant influence on questionnaire scores. The Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved, reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents, and Composite Scale of Morningness are valid instruments to determine circadian preference in adolescents; however, chronotype classification from the Composite Scale of Morningness and reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents cannot be used interchangeably.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonie M Paciello
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirja Quante
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Corina Weidenauer
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Michael Rueschman
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Vanessa Nieratschker
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christian F Poets
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Malte Ring
- Economic Education Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Taiga Brahm
- Economic Education Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Juliane Richter
- Leibniz‐Institut für Wissensmedien Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Katharina Scheiter
- Department of Psychology, Leibniz‐Institut für Wissensmedien Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Didactics of Biology Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Staller N, Randler C. Chronotype and organizational citizenship behavior during the COVID-19 restriction phase in Germany. BIOL RHYTHM RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2021.1988207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Randler C. Leaders Inspiring the Next Generation of Citizen Scientists – An Analysis of the Predictors of Leadership in Birding. Front Ecol Evol 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2021.727719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Citizen Science (CS) is a megatrend of the 21st century given its importance for nature conservation. CS projects dealing with birds often require knowledge and abilities to identify species. This knowledge is not easy to acquire and people often learn from leaders during field trips and lectures about birds. This emphasizes the need for leaders in ornithology. Although data of CS projects are increasing, less is known about people providing guidance and taking over leadership roles. In this study, leadership roles (leading field trips, giving lectures/presentations) are analyzed by studying demographic variables, birding specialization, and the social dimension of the involvement concept of serious leisure. Participants were recruited via many channels to cover a broad range of birdwatchers in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland who participated in the online survey. A total of 1,518 participants were men, 1,390 were women (mean age 47.7). Mean years of birding were on average 24.5. 845 persons lead at least one field trip, and 671 gave on lecture (in combination 991). Mean number of field trips led during the last 5 years was 13.43, mean number of presentations was 8.21. Persons that gave presentations also led field trips (Phi = 0.593, p < 0.001). However, there are still people that preferred leading field trips over lecturing and vice versa. Men more than women took over leadership roles. A binary logistic regression showed an influence of age, gender, and university degree. Social relatedness was related to being a leader, also birding skill/competence as well as self-report behavior of birding were significant predictors for leadership roles. Years of birdwatching and both commitment scales were not significant. The data indicate that more diversity in leadership roles might be beneficial with more women and younger persons.
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Randler C, Adan A, Antofie MM, Arrona-Palacios A, Candido M, Boeve-de Pauw J, Chandrakar P, Demirhan E, Detsis V, Di Milia L, Fančovičová J, Gericke N, Haldar P, Heidari Z, Jankowski KS, Lehto JE, Lundell-Creagh R, Medina-Jerez W, Meule A, L. Milfont T, Orgilés M, Morales A, Natale V, Ortiz-Jiménez X, Pande B, Partonen T, Pati AK, Prokop P, Rahafar A, Scheuch M, Sahu S, Tomažič I, Tonetti L, Vallejo Medina P, van Petegem P, Vargas A, Vollmer C. Animal Welfare Attitudes: Effects of Gender and Diet in University Samples from 22 Countries. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11071893. [PMID: 34202129 PMCID: PMC8300362 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2021] [Revised: 06/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Animal Welfare Attitudes (AWA) are defined as human attitudes towards the welfare of animals in different dimensions and settings. Demographic factors, such as age and gender are associated with AWA. The aim of this study was to assess gender differences among university students in a large convenience sample from twenty-two nations in AWA. A total of 7914 people participated in the study (5155 women, 2711 men, 48 diverse). Participants completed a questionnaire that collected demographic data, typical diet and responses to the Composite Respect for Animals Scale Short version (CRAS-S). In addition, we used a measure of gender empowerment from the Human Development Report. The largest variance in AWA was explained by diet, followed by country and gender. In terms of diet, 6385 participants reported to be omnivores, 296 as pescatarian, 637 ate a vegetarian diet and 434 were vegans (n = 162 without answer). Diet was related with CRAS-S scores; people with a vegan diet scored higher in AWA than omnivores. Women scored significantly higher on AWA than men. Furthermore, gender differences in AWA increased as gender inequality decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School and Research Network, University of Tübingen, D-72072 Tübingen, Germany
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Technology, University of Education Heidelberg, D-69120 Heidelberg, Germany
- Correspondence:
| | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain;
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria-Mihaela Antofie
- Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Food Industry and Environmental Protection, “Lucian Blaga” University of Sibiu, 550012 Sibiu, Romania;
| | - Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Writing Lab, Institute for the Future of Education, Tecnologico de Monterrey, 64849 Monterery, Mexico;
| | - Manecas Candido
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Pedagogica Mazombique, University Rovuma, 3100 Nampula, Mozambique;
| | - Jelle Boeve-de Pauw
- Department of Training and Education Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.-d.P.); (P.v.P.)
| | - Priti Chandrakar
- SoS in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (P.C.); (B.P.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Eda Demirhan
- Department of Special Education, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54300, Turkey;
| | - Vassilis Detsis
- Department of Economics and Sustainable Development, Harokopio University, Venizelou 70, 17676 Athens, Greece;
| | - Lee Di Milia
- School of Business & Law, CQ University Australia, Rockhampton, QLD 4701, Australia;
| | - Jana Fančovičová
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Education, Trnava University, Priemyselná 4, 918 43 Trnava, Slovakia;
| | - Niklas Gericke
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Karlstad University, 65188 Karlstad, Sweden;
| | - Prasun Haldar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Midnapore City College, Paschim Medinipur 721129, West Bengal, India;
| | - Zeinab Heidari
- Independent Researcher, 1653676331 Tehran, Iran; (Z.H.); (A.R.)
| | | | - Juhani E. Lehto
- Educational Sciences, Open University, P.O. Box 9 (Siltavuorenpenger 3 A), University of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Ryan Lundell-Creagh
- Department of Psychology, Bishops University, Sherbrooke, QC J1M 1Z7, Canada;
| | | | - Adrian Meule
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336 Munich, Germany;
- Schoen Clinic Roseneck, Am Roseneck 6, 83209 Prien am Chiemsee, Germany
| | - Taciano L. Milfont
- School of Psychology, University of Waikato, 3240 Hamilton, New Zealand;
| | - Mireia Orgilés
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Alexandra Morales
- Department of Health Psychology, Miguel Hernández University, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain; (M.O.); (A.M.)
| | - Vincenzo Natale
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (V.N.); (L.T.)
| | | | - Babita Pande
- SoS in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (P.C.); (B.P.); (A.K.P.)
| | - Timo Partonen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare (THL), P.O. Box 30 (Mannerheimintie 166), 00271 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Atanu Kumar Pati
- SoS in Life Science, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India; (P.C.); (B.P.); (A.K.P.)
- Center for Translational Chronobiology, Pt. Ravishankar Shukla University, Raipur 492010, India
- Gangadhar Meher University, Sambalpur 768004, India
| | - Pavol Prokop
- Department of Environmental Ecology and Landscape Management, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University, Ilkovičova 6, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia;
- Institute of Zoology, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Dúbravská cesta 9, 845 06 Bratislava, Slovakia
| | - Arash Rahafar
- Independent Researcher, 1653676331 Tehran, Iran; (Z.H.); (A.R.)
| | - Martin Scheuch
- Austrian Educational Competence Centre for Biology, University of Vienna, Porzellangasse 4/2, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
- Environmental Education, University College for Agricultural & Environmental Education, Angermayergasse 1, 1130 Vienna, Austria
| | - Subhashis Sahu
- Ergonomics & Occupational Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physiology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani 741235, West Bengal, India;
| | - Iztok Tomažič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Lorenzo Tonetti
- Department of Psychology “Renzo Canestrari”, University of Bologna, Viale Berti Pichat 5, 40127 Bologna, Italy; (V.N.); (L.T.)
| | - Pablo Vallejo Medina
- Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. Cra. 9 Bis #62-43, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (P.V.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Peter van Petegem
- Department of Training and Education Sciences, University of Antwerp, Prinsstraat 13, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium; (J.B.-d.P.); (P.v.P.)
| | - Alejandro Vargas
- Fundación Universitaria Konrad Lorenz. Cra. 9 Bis #62-43, 110231 Bogotá, Colombia; (P.V.M.); (A.V.)
| | - Christian Vollmer
- Department of Research and Development in Teacher Education, University College of Teacher Education Tyrol, Pastorsstr. 7, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;
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Öğütlü H, Uygun SD, Randler C. Psychometric Properties of the Turkish version of the Morningness - Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) in Adolescents. Chronobiol Int 2021; 38:1650-1658. [PMID: 34167383 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2021.1938597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi) is an assessment tool that evaluates distinctness of daily changes as well as the person's propensity for morningness and eveningness. The aim of this study is to evaluate psychometric properties of the Turkish version of MESSi and associations of chronotypes and diurnal variations with personality, affect, sleep quality as well as validity of the scale in Turkish adolescents. The sample of this study consisted of 445 students between ages of 10-19. Participants filled in MESSi, Morningness/Eveningness Scale for Children, Composite Scale of Morningness, Personality Traits Scale (BIG-5), Positive and Negative Affect Scale (PANAS), Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). Reliability analysis of the scale showed quite reliable internal consistency values. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used to test construct validity of three-factor model of MESSi. An acceptable model fit was demonstrated in CFA. There was a moderate and significant relationship between MA and DI subscale scores of MESSi. A moderate but negative correlation was found between MA and EV subscale scores of MESSi. MA and DI subscale scores of MESSi were found to be weakly correlated with conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience and subscale scores of BIG-5, respectively. There was a positive correlation of positive affect subscale scores of PANAS with MA and DI subscale scores of MESSi. MA subscale scores of MESSi were found to be negatively correlated with scores of subjective sleep quality, latency, duration, disturbances, habitual sleep efficiency, daytime dysfunction, and global scores of PSQI. This study shows that Turkish version of MESSi is valid and reliable for use in adolescents. Three-factor MESSi provides an advantage over other chronotype scales in adolescence since it includes DI subscale as well as MA and EV subscales. Psychometric results were supported by other chronotype scales and clinical features such as sleep, affect, and personality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hakan Öğütlü
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Ankara City Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Sabide Duygu Uygun
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Dr. Sami Ulus Maternity and Children's Health and Diseases Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Randler C. Users of a citizen science platform for bird data collection differ from other birdwatchers in knowledge and degree of specialization. Glob Ecol Conserv 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gecco.2021.e01580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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Randler C, Heil F. Determinants of Bird Species Literacy-Activity/Interest and Specialization Are More Important Than Socio-Demographic Variables. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061595. [PMID: 34071521 PMCID: PMC8229662 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Biodiversity is declining around the world and knowledge about biodiversity declines in a similar way. In this study, we addressed predictors of species knowledge, i.e., the question of what influences or causes species knowledge. The focus was knowledge about common bird species in Germany. Data were collected from July to October 2020 via an online questionnaire, containing demographic data, engagement in birdwatching, interest/activity, and images of 28 bird species native to Germany. Data were collected from adult students, lecturers and administrative staff of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen. Men identified more species than women, garden owners more than non-owners. Hometown size had no influence. Employees scored higher than students. However, we found that birding specialization was the most important predictor, followed by bird-related interest/activity. We suggest including such questions in addition to conventional demographic questions in the future. Abstract Biodiversity is declining, and knowledge about biodiversity declines in a similar way. Previous studies have already addressed predictors of species knowledge. Here, we studied bird species knowledge related to demographics, but also to individual differences in affinity to nature, by including (i) birding specialization and (ii) bird-related activities/interest. Data were collected from July to October 2020 via an online questionnaire, containing demographic data, birding specialization, interest/activity, and images of 28 bird species native to Germany. Participants were adult students, lecturers and administrative staff of the Eberhard Karls University Tübingen. A total of 1967 questionnaires were returned in this study (35.3% male, 53.8% students, 69% had access to a garden). Mean identification score was 16.31 ± 6.38. Thus, participants were able to identify more than half of the species (total species n = 28). Men identified more species than women, garden owners had higher identification scores than non-owners, while hometown size was not significant. A distance to the next forest patch >10 km was related to lower identification scores. Employees scored higher than students. Correlation between species knowledge and birding specialization was high, as was the correlation with bird interest/activity. Higher scores were found in older people. In the linear univariate model, birding specialization and bird interest were the most influential predictors of species knowledge, followed by distance to next forest patch and occupation (student vs employees). Other variables were not significant. We suggest including such measures (interest, attitude, etc.) into further studies and move forward from the urban–rural narrative to more complex analyses of living circumstances.
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Randler C, Staller N, Tryjanowski P. Negative social jetlag - Special consideration of leisure activities and evidence from birdwatchers. J Sleep Res 2021; 30:e13372. [PMID: 33960554 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Birdwatching (birding) is a nature-based recreational activity, often including arising early in the morning. In the present study, we tested the effect of a negative social jetlag (SJL) in birders. Negative SJL implies that people have an even earlier sleep-wake rhythm on free days or weekends. As birds' activities start before or shortly after sunrise, especially during spring and early summer, birdwatchers follow this diurnal pattern. Further, birders are not homogeneous and vary greatly in recreational specialisation. The study was based on an online survey with 2,404 birdwatchers (55% male) who responded to questions about their sleep-wake times and about their birding activities. Birders show the same differences between weekdays and weekends/free days sleep like most other people. However, birdwatching days started earlier than weekdays (14 min) and lasted longer. Thus, birdwatching days are shifted towards an earlier sleep-wake rhythm in total. Birdwatchers experience a sleep curtailment during birding. Instead of sleeping ~30 min longer on weekends, they arise ~15 min earlier, summing up to a sleep reduction of about ~45 min compared to a regular weekend. The more psychologically committed birders are, the less they sleep, the earlier they arise, and the earlier is their midpoint of sleep on birdwatching days; meaning that highly specialised birders shift their sleep-wake rhythm to an earlier time compared to their regular weekend, and even their weekday sleep. Thus, birders may suffer more from the short- and long-term consequences of negative SJL. The results might stand representatively for other nature-related leisure activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Department of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Science, Poznań, Poland
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Affiliation(s)
- Mylène Dutour
- School of Biological Sciences University of Western Australia Crawley Western Australia Australia
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Dutour M, Kalb N, Salis A, Randler C. Number of callers may affect the response to conspecific mobbing calls in great tits (Parus major). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s00265-021-02969-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Staller N, Randler C. Relationship Between Big Five Personality Dimensions, Chronotype, and DSM-V Personality Disorders. Front Netw Physiol 2021; 1:729113. [PMID: 36925575 PMCID: PMC10013154 DOI: 10.3389/fnetp.2021.729113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Morningness-eveningness (M/E) is an important variable in individual differences and has an impact on many areas of life including general and mental health. In previous work eveningness has shown to correlate to personality disorders (PDs) and mental instability such as psychoticism, depression, and bipolar disorders. Therefore, a relationship between M/E and PDs can be assumed but has never been tested. The aim of this study was to assess a possible relationship between DSM-5-PDs and circadian timing (chronotype; M/E). We used the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved and clock time-based measurements, the PID-5 brief version, and the Big Five brief version. Sample: N = 630; mean age: 27.76 years, SD: 11.36 years; 137 male, 489 female, 4 diverse. In this short screening a relationship between eveningness and DSM-5-personality traits, (evening-oriented participants showing a higher PID-5 score: morningness -0.208/p < 0.001; eveningness: 0.153/p < 0.001) was found. Moreover, participants with high levels of distinctness (fluctuations of the perceived energy level during the day) are prone to PDs too, with distinctness being the best predictor for a high PID-5 score in this sample (0.299/p < 0.001). In the regression analysis, neuroticism, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion contributed significantly to the model with higher scores on extraversion, agreeableness and conscientiousness being related to lower scores on the PID-5. Neuroticism was positively related to PID-5 scores. Later midpoint of sleep (higher eveningness) was associated with higher PID-5 scores, as were higher fluctuations/amplitude during the day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Staller
- Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kolomeichuk SN, Randler C, Morozov AV, Gubin DG, Drake CL. Social Jetlag and Excessive Daytime Sleepiness from a Sample of Russian Children and Adolescents. Nat Sci Sleep 2021; 13:729-737. [PMID: 34113200 PMCID: PMC8187033 DOI: 10.2147/nss.s290895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Insufficient nocturnal sleep is a primary source of excessive daytime sleepiness. Most previous research has focused on the disparity between sleep demands and study start times in adolescents. Fewer studies have focused on elementary schoolchildren. We hypothesize that late sleep timing is connected to excessive daytime sleepiness in a sample of Russian children and adolescents. The major goals of our study were to evaluate excessive daytime sleepiness in Russian schoolchildren and adolescents using the Russian version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS) and to estimate its relationship with sleep-wake parameters using the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ). MATERIALS AND METHODS Student subjects were from public educational facilities in the Republic of Karelia. They completed both the PDSS and the Munich Chronotype Questionnaire to estimate sleep parameters and chronotype (MSFsc). Five hundred and eleven students provided data for the PDSS and sleep-wake variables, and 479 for the full MCTQ data. RESULTS The overall prevalence of Excessive Daytime Sleepiness (EDS) in our sample was 18%. The total PDSS score was inversely correlated with sleep length on school nights and was independent of respondents' sex. Higher PDSS scores were associated with later bedtimes on school days and free days, and shorter sleep duration on school days. Late chronotype and more pronounced social jetlag were both positively correlated with high PDSS scores. A negative correlation was found between chronotype and the duration of the sleep period on weekdays (p < 0.001) and a positive correlation was found on weekends (p < 0.001). Longer average sleep duration was positively related to less daytime sleepiness. CONCLUSION This study suggests that excessive daytime sleepiness is chronotype-dependent. School start times could be shifted to a later hour to prolong sleep and reduce EDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergey N Kolomeichuk
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology, Karelian Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.,Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia
| | - Christoph Randler
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Tübingen, D-72076, Germany
| | - Artem V Morozov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology of Animals, Institute of Biology, Karelian Science Centre, Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - Denis G Gubin
- Tyumen State Medical University, Tyumen, Russia.,Tyumen Cardiology Research Center, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, Russian Academy of Science, Tomsk, Russia
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Abstract
Humans show pronounced individual differences in circadian orientation. Transcultural comparisons are interesting since biological (or environmental) factors together with cultural ones may contribute to differences in morningness–eveningness. We compared Spanish and German undergraduates using the Composite Scale of Morningness (CSM) to assess circadian preferences. Confirmatory and multiple groups confirmatory factor analysis were used to assess factor structure and structural invariance across countries. The results showed that a three‐factor model of morningness best characterises the CSM structure of both samples. Partial factorial invariance (factor loadings) across countries was demonstrated for the factors ‘morningness’ and ‘morning alertness’. Scores of both factors were higher in German students. Potential cultural and biological explanations for the differences are discussed. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Pharmacy and Psychology, Institute of Biology I, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Juan Francisco Díaz‐Morales
- Work and Individual Differences Department, Faculty of Psychology, Complutense University of Madrid, Madrid, Spain
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Randler C, Katzmaier T, Kalb J, Kalb N, Gottschalk TK. Baiting/Luring Improves Detection Probability and Species Identification-A Case Study of Mustelids with Camera Traps. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10112178. [PMID: 33266361 PMCID: PMC7700128 DOI: 10.3390/ani10112178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Camera traps are now widely used in animal research because they can monitor animals continuously. Nocturnal mammals are particularly difficult to monitor, and identification without cameras would be difficult. However, camera traps can be improved. We here compared two experimental settings to increase detection and images taken of mustelids, mostly martens. Both tuna bait and glandular scents improved the detection and the number of images taken. Both methods were more successful than a control group setting without any attractants. Abstract Motion-triggered trail cameras (hereafter camera traps) are powerful tools which are increasingly used in biological research, especially for species inventories or the estimation of species activity. However, camera traps do not always reliably detect animal visits, as a target species might be too fast, too small, or too far away to trigger an image. Therefore, researchers often apply attractants, such as food or glandular scents, to increase the likelihood of capturing animals. Moreover, with attractants, individuals might remain in front of a camera trap for longer periods leading to a higher number of images and enhanced image quality, which in turn might aid in species identification. The current study compared how two commonly used attractants, bait (tuna) and glandular scent (mustelid mix), affected the detection and the number of images taken by camera traps compared to control camera sites with conventional camera traps. We used a before–after control group design, including a baseline. Attractants increased the probability of detecting the target species and number of images. Tuna experiments produced on average 7.25 times as many images per visit than control camera traps, and scent lures produced on average 18.7 times as many images per visit than the control traps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.K.); (N.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Tobias Katzmaier
- Department of Regional Management, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof 1, D-72108 Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany; (T.K.); (T.K.G.)
| | - Jochen Kalb
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Nadine Kalb
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (J.K.); (N.K.)
| | - Thomas K. Gottschalk
- Department of Regional Management, University of Applied Forest Sciences Rottenburg, Schadenweilerhof 1, D-72108 Rottenburg am Neckar, Germany; (T.K.); (T.K.G.)
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Randler C, Tryjanowski P, Jokimäki J, Kaisanlahti-Jokimäki ML, Staller N. SARS-CoV2 (COVID-19) Pandemic Lockdown Influences Nature-Based Recreational Activity: The Case of Birders. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E7310. [PMID: 33036351 PMCID: PMC7579058 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17197310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The new corona virus infection SARS-CoV2 which was later renamed COVID-19 is a pandemic affecting public health. The fear and the constraints imposed to control the pandemic may correspondingly influence leisure activities, such as birding, which is the practice of observing birds based on visual and acoustic cues. Birders are people who carry out birding observations around the globe and contribute to the massive data collection in citizen science projects. Contrasting to earlier COVID-19 studies, which have concentrated on clinical, pathological, and virological topics, this study focused on the behavioral changes of birders. A total of 4484 questionnaire survey responses from 97 countries were received. The questionnaire had an open-ended style. About 85% of respondents reported that COVID-19 has changed their birding behavior. The most significant change in birdwatchers' behavior was related to the geographic coverage of birding activities, which became more local. People focused mostly on yard birding. In total, 12% of respondents (n = 542 cases) reported having more time for birding, whereas 8% (n = 356 cases) reported having less time for birding. Social interactions decreased since respondents, especially older people, changed their birding behavior toward birding alone or with their spouse. Women reported more often than men that they changed to birding alone or with their spouse, and women also reported more often about canceled fieldtrips or society meetings. Respondents from higher developed countries reported that they spend currently more time for birding, especially for birding alone or with their spouse, and birding at local hotspots. Our study suggests that long lockdowns with strict regulations may severely impact on leisure activities. In addition, a temporal and spatial shift in birding due to the pandemic may influence data quality in citizen science projects. As nature-based recreation will be directed more toward nearby sites, environmental management resources and actions need to be directed to sites that are located near the users, e.g., in urban and suburban areas. The results can be applied with caution to other nature-based recreational activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
| | - Piotr Tryjanowski
- Institute of Zoology, Poznan University of Life Science, Wojska Polskiego 71C, 60-625 Poznań, Poland;
| | - Jukka Jokimäki
- Arctic Centre, University of Lapland, P.O. Box 122, FI-96101 Rovaniemi, Finland; (J.J.); (M.-L.K.-J.)
| | | | - Naomi Staller
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tuebingen, Germany;
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Duman İ, Horzum MB, Randler C. Adaptation of the intrinsic motivation inventory to Turkish. IJPES 2020. [DOI: 10.17220/ijpes.2020.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Randler C, Kalb J. Predator avoidance behavior of nocturnal and diurnal rodents. Behav Processes 2020; 179:104214. [PMID: 32768461 DOI: 10.1016/j.beproc.2020.104214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Animals trade-off predation risk against feeding opportunities and prey species may use signals or cues of predators to assess predation risk. We analyzed the mesopredators pine and stone marten (Martes martes, M. foina) and nocturnal and diurnal rodents (Glis glis, Apodemus spp., Sciurus vulgaris). The non-experimental approach used camera traps at feeders which were visited by both, predator and prey. As prey species can eavesdrop on predator signals/cues, there should show some avoidance behavior. The study was conducted on a small mountain in Germany, largely covered by wood, between 29.6.2018 and 5.10.2018. Camera traps were placed 0.6 m near a feeder. Food was replenished regularly to provide a continuous food supply. 34 camera traps provided data for an analysis; total trap nights were 513 (12,312 h). Martens detected the food sources first in 10 instances, and prey species Apodemus/G. glis in 24 instances. G. glis seemed to generally avoid places where martens were feeding while Apodemus and Sciurus did not. The visitations of G. glis depended on whether martens were the first visitors and it significantly avoided such places. Similarly, Apodemus appeared less often at a feeder when martens have been present as a first visitor. The time interval to resume feeding to a monitored feeder after a marten visit was significantly longer compared to a control in G. glis, but not in Apodemus and S. vulgaris. The study shows different responses, with the weakest in the diurnal rodent, and the highest in G. glis. Thus, if a food resource was known by prey species before a predator occurred, the trade-off was shifted towards feeding, but when the predators detect the food source first, the trade-off was shifted to predator avoidance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany.
| | - Jochen Kalb
- Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076, Tuebingen, Germany
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Randler C, Wagner A, Rögele A, Hummel E, Tomažič I. Attitudes toward and Knowledge about Wolves in SW German Secondary School Pupils from within and outside an Area Occupied by Wolves ( Canis lupus). Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:ani10040607. [PMID: 32252328 PMCID: PMC7222842 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The wolf (Canis lupus) was extinct from large parts of Europe, but during the last decades, wolves re-entered their previous distribution area in Germany. The federal state of Baden-Württemberg has delineated a wolf area where some individuals are roaming around. We compared secondary school students from within and outside the wolf area, and analysed gender, age, and residency effects on attitude and knowledge. A total of 254 students from secondary schools participated in this study with a mean age of 12.63 ± 2.17. We asked for basic attitudes toward wolves and for knowledge about wolves. In detail, age was related to the subscale interest to learn, with lower interest scores related to an increasing age. Girls reported a higher level of fear of wolves, and, concerning residency, conservation attitudes were lower within the wolf area compared to outside. Boys had a higher level of knowledge than girls. A higher level of knowledge was related to a greater conservation attitude, a greater interest to learn, a lower level of fear/harm, and a lower acceptance of hunting. Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) were exterminated from most areas of western Europe during the last two centuries, but, during the last decades, wolves re-entered their previous distribution area in Germany. We compared secondary school students from within and outside a delineated wolf area, and analysed gender, age, and residency. A total of 254 students participated in this study (age: M = 12.63 ± 2.17). We used a measurement introduced which consisted of three parts, demographics, attitudes and knowledge. There was a significant overall effect of age, gender, and residency in attitudes toward wolves. More specifically, age was related to the subscale interest to learn, with lower interest scores related to an increasing age. Girls reported a higher level of fear. Conservation was lower within the wolf area than outside. Boys had a higher level of knowledge than girls. A higher level of knowledge was related to greater conservation, a greater interest to learn, a lower level of fear, and a lower acceptance of hunting. Hence, in order to improve students’ conservation attitudes, it would be useful to foster learning about wolves at school. Special attention should be paid to ensuring that girls also internalize the content of these lessons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- Didaktik der Biologie, Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: 0049-7072-2974611
| | - Annkathrin Wagner
- Didaktik der Biologie, Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Alena Rögele
- Didaktik der Biologie, Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany; (A.W.); (A.R.)
| | - Eberhard Hummel
- Staatliches Seminar für Ausbildung und Fortbildung der Lehrkräfte Ludwigsburg, Königsallee 54-56, 71638 Ludwigsburg, Germany;
| | - Iztok Tomažič
- Univerza v Ljubljani/University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical faculty, Večna pot 111, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenija;
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Frątczak M, Sparks TH, Randler C, Tryjanowski P. Circadian preferences of birdwatchers in Poland: do "owls" prefer watching night birds, and "larks" prefer daytime ones? PeerJ 2020; 8:e8673. [PMID: 32175191 PMCID: PMC7058107 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Birdwatching is a very popular and increasing leisure activity, and the study and observation of birds is more popular in the morning due to the greater activity among birds at that time of day. The aim of our study was to find out whether there was a relationship between the circadian preference of observers and their favourite bird species and whether it was influenced by such factors as professional status, age and gender. In an e-mail survey we asked a total of 433 Polish ornithologists (professionals) or birdwatchers (non-professionals) for their morningness–eveningness preferences (four categories) and favourite (open choice) bird species and received 143 responses. The temporal (circadian) preferences of respondents declined from early morning (35.7%) to evening/nighttime (11.4%). Circadian preference categories differed significantly by age, with early morning respondents significantly older. These preference categories did not differ significantly in terms of response time to the survey invitation or in the percentage of their favourite birds that were categorised as daytime birds. A total of 204 species were identified as favourite birds of which 34 species were mentioned by five or more respondents, with only two, the common crane Grus grus and the Eurasian pygmy owl Glaucidium passerinum mentioned by more than 10% of respondents. The white stork Ciconia ciconia was more popular with professionals than non-professionals and the swift Apus apus less popular. A significant gender × circadian preference interaction was detected for the percentage of favourite birds categorised as daytime birds, with fewer daytime birds among early morning female recorders. The presented results are obviously of a correlative nature, but open the door for further, more advanced study and suggest there may be a need to investigate temporal biases when analysing citizen-based data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim H Sparks
- Poznan University of Life Sciences, Poznan, Poland
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Arrona-Palacios A, Díaz-Morales JF, Adan A, Randler C. Sleep habits, circadian preferences and substance use in a Mexican population: the use of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi). Chronobiol Int 2019; 37:111-122. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2019.1688339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Arrona-Palacios
- Writing Lab, TecLabs, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Transferencia de Tecnología, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | | | - Ana Adan
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, School of Psychology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Institute of Neurosciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübigen, Tübingen, Germany
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Kalb N, Anger F, Randler C. Great tits encode contextual information in their food and mobbing calls. R Soc Open Sci 2019; 6:191210. [PMID: 31827857 PMCID: PMC6894574 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.191210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The calling behaviour of Paridae species (i.e. titmice, tits and chickadees) in a predator-related context is well-studied. Parid species are known to alter call types, note composition or call duration according to predation risk. However, how these species encode information about a non-threatening context, such as food sources, has been subject to only few studies. Studies in Carolina chickadees (Poecile carolinensis) have shown that this species alters the ratio of C and D notes to encode information about the presence of food and/or the flight behaviour of the signaller. This suggests that parids also use graded signals to encode information about non-predatory contexts. No study to date has directly compared the calls of a feeding context with those of a predation (i.e. mobbing) context. Hence, the aim of this study was to compare the calling behaviour of these two situations in great tits (Parus major). Calls uttered at a feeder were recorded, analysed and compared with calls uttered in front of taxidermy mounts of sparrowhawks (Accipiter nisus). In the food context, great tits reduced the number of D notes and increased the number of B, C and E notes compared with the mobbing context. Furthermore, tits produced calls with longer D notes and shorter intervals between D notes than in the mobbing context. This indicates that great tits use two mechanisms of graded signals (i.e. note type and acoustic structure of D calls) to inform conspecifics about the nature of a situation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kalb
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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Randler C, Kolomeichuk SN, Morozov AV, Petrashova DA, Pozharskaya VV, Martynova AA, Korostovtseva LS, Bochkarev MV, Sviryaev YV, Polouektov MG, Drake C. Psychometric properties of the Russian version of the Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). Heliyon 2019; 5:e02134. [PMID: 31372567 PMCID: PMC6661285 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient sleep could severely impair both cognitive and learning skills. More prominent changes are found in children and adolescents. Tools used to estimate sleepiness in the adult population are commonly inappropriate for children. The objective of our study was to provide a reliable instrument to measure excessive sleepiness for upcoming studies in Russian-speaking children, applying the Russian version of Pediatric Daytime Sleepiness Scale (PDSS). The following tasks were resolved in our study: translation, validation, and analysis of psychometric properties of the Russian adaptation of the PDSS by standard tests. After the semantic validation of the instrument through a multi-stage translation process we checked its psychometric validation. A total of 552 students, consisting of N = 285 for the exploratory factor analysis (EFA), N = 267 for the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and N = 204 for test-retest analysis of public elementary schools located in Northern Russia completed the PDSS and Munich Chronotype Questionnaire to estimate sleep parameters in the classroom during the lessons. Response rate was 90%; excluded cases contained no data. Further, 204 of our participants completed the PDSS in a 3 months interval to check the test-retest reliability. Internal consistency was measured by Cronbach's alpha coefficients and CFA was used to test factorial validity of the tool. Concurrent validity and test-retest reliability were assessed via intra-class coefficient. Internal consistency of the PDSS scale was high (Cronbach's α = 0.8). The construct validity of the PDSS was supported by CFA (factor loadings were from 0.438 to 0.727) and the test-retest reliability demonstrated by the intra-class coefficient was 0.70. The total PDSS score was independent of sex. The mean total value of PDSS was 11.95 ± 6.24. Higher scores on PDSS were negatively correlated with sleep duration. Thus, the construct validity of the instrument remains valid and could be used for Russian-speaking youth samples in the evaluation of daytime sleepiness. It could be useful in future applications by sleep scientists and health practitioners.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Randler
- University of Tuebingen, Department of Biology, Auf der Morgenstelle 24, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - S N Kolomeichuk
- Laboratory of Genetics, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia.,Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | - A V Morozov
- Laboratory of Ecological Physiology of Animals, Institute of Biology of the Karelian Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Petrozavodsk, Russia
| | - D A Petrashova
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | - V V Pozharskaya
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | - A A Martynova
- Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Apatity, Murmansk Region, Russia
| | | | - M V Bochkarev
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | - Y V Sviryaev
- Almazov National Medical Research Center, Saint-Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - C Drake
- Henry Ford Hospital Sleep Disorders and Research Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Kalb N, Randler C. Behavioral responses to conspecific mobbing calls are predator-specific in great tits ( Parus major). Ecol Evol 2019; 9:9207-9213. [PMID: 31463016 PMCID: PMC6706190 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
When facing a predator, animals need to perform an appropriate antipredator behavior such as escaping or mobbing to prevent predation. Many bird species exhibit distinct mobbing behaviors and vocalizations once a predator has been detected. In some species, mobbing calls transmit information about predator type, size, and threat, which can be assessed by conspecifics. We recently found that great tits (Parus major) produce longer D calls with more elements and longer intervals between elements when confronted with a sparrowhawk, a high‐threat predator, in comparison to calls produced in front of a less‐threatening tawny owl. In the present study, we conducted a playback experiment to investigate if these differences in mobbing calls elicit different behavioral responses in adult great tits. We found tits to have a longer latency time and to keep a greater distance to the speaker when sparrowhawk mobbing calls were broadcast. This suggests that tits are capable of decoding information about predator threat in conspecific mobbing calls. We further found a tendency for males to approach faster and closer than females, which indicates that males are willing to take higher risks in a mobbing context than females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kalb
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Kasaeian A, Weidenauer C, Hautzinger M, Randler C. Reproductive Success, Relationship Orientation, and Sexual Behavior in Heterosexuals: Relationship With Chronotype, Sleep, and Sex. Evol Psychol 2019; 17:1474704919859760. [PMID: 31272215 PMCID: PMC10480892 DOI: 10.1177/1474704919859760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Following previous studies, chronotype was related to sexual attitudes and behavior. Evening people tend to be more promiscuous and follow short-term mating strategies and extra-pair matings (EPM), which might lead to a higher reproductive success. In this study, one aim was to assess reproductive success directly by asking for children, and, second, to obtain a higher sample size for the analysis of sexual behavior and chronotype than in previous studies. N = 1,843 heterosexual persons (551 men, 1,288 women, 4 without data) responded to our online survey. Five hundred fifty-nine persons were single and 1,281 in a relationship; 203 reported having children (1.9 ± 0.81). Age was positively related and age at first intercourse was negatively related to the number of children. People being later chronotypes had fewer children, and shorter sleep duration was linked with more children. Extroversion was correlated with number of children, as was the long-term relationship orientation. Sociosexual orientation and EPM were unrelated to number of children. Age at first intercourse was earlier in evening people, and unrestricted sociosexuality was higher in late chronotypes. Morning orientation correlated with long-term relationship orientation and eveningness with short-term relationship orientation. Number of sexual partners was lower in morning people. Men were more evening oriented, later chronotypes, and slept shorter. There were no differences in sociosexual behavior, but men were less restricted in attitude and desire. Men scored higher on short-term relationship orientation and women higher on long-term relationship orientation. This study confirmed previous results about chronotype and sexual behavior but provided the first evidence that morningness was related to higher reproductive success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Kasaeian
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corina Weidenauer
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Martin Hautzinger
- Department of Psychology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Chronotype is an individual difference trait that is closely linked to biological variables. Usually, men and women differ in their chronotype with men being more evening oriented than women. The aim of the study was to assess gender differences in chronotype based on a systematic review and meta-analysis. In addition, many recent studies do not report gender differences any more although researchers collected data on men and women. This motivated us to contact many researchers directly to obtain and use these additional data. We included 164 studies giving 201 effect size measures in a data set, which only included the most commonly used questionnaires (MEQ, rMEQ and CSM) totaling 186,289 participants in total, of which 75,622 were men and 110,667 were women. We calculated an effect size of the standardized mean difference of -0.072 (95% CI from -0.062 to -0.082) in the fixed effects and of -0.066 (95% CI from -0.043 to- 0.089) in the random effects model. Men were on average more evening oriented than women. Type of questionnaire did not influence the standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders. Mean age, standard deviation of age and publication year (p ≤ 0.05) were found to have significant effects on the standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders. The standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders is predicted to change from negative to positive with increasing mean age (young women were more morning orientated than young men, but older women were less morning orientated than older men). This suggests that the differences between men and women diminish with time. The standardized mean difference in chronotype between genders is decreasing with increasing publication year, as well as with high variation in age of the samples. Abbreviations: CSM: Composite Scale of Morningness (Smith et al. 1989); MEQ: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Horne and Ostberg, 1976); rMEQ: reduced Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (Adan & Almiral, 1991); SMD: standardized mean difference (measure of effect size).
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
| | - Judith Engelke
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Randler C, Vollmer C, Kalb N, Itzek-Greulich H. Breakpoints of time in bed, midpoint of sleep, and social jetlag from infancy to early adulthood. Sleep Med 2019; 57:80-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.sleep.2019.01.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Kalb N, Anger F, Randler C. Subtle variations in mobbing calls are predator-specific in great tits (Parus major). Sci Rep 2019; 9:6572. [PMID: 31024037 PMCID: PMC6484080 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43087-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species are known to use vocalizations to recruit con- and heterospecifics to mobbing events. In birds, the vocalizations of the Family Paridae (titmice, tits and chickadees) are well-studied and have been shown to recruit conspecifics and encode information about predation risk. Species use the number of elements within a call, call frequency or call type to encode information. We conducted a study with great tits (Parus major) in the field where we presented taxidermy mounts of two predators of different threat levels (tawny owl, Strix aluco, and sparrowhawk, Accipiter nisus) and compared the mobbing calls of these two contexts. We hypothesized, based on results of studies in other paridae species, that tits vary the number or type of elements of a call according to predatory context. We found great tits to vary the number of D elements and the interval between those elements. Great tits produced significantly longer D calls with more elements and longer intervals between elements when confronted with a sparrowhawk (high-threat) compared to a tawny owl (low-threat) mount. Furthermore, birds produced more D calls towards the high-threat predator. This suggests that the basic D calls are varied depending on threat intensity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kalb
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany.
| | - Fabian Anger
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Barış Horzum
- Computer and Instructional Technology Department, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Tuncay Ayas
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
| | - Christoph Randler
- Biology Department, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Betül Düşünceli
- Psychological Counseling and Guidance Department, Sakarya University, Sakarya, Türkiye
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Weidenauer C, Täuber L, Huber S, Rimkus K, Randler C. Measuring circadian preference in adolescence with the Morningness-Eveningness Stability Scale improved (MESSi). BIOL RHYTHM RES 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/09291016.2019.1600268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Weidenauer
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Lara Täuber
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sophia Huber
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Kim Rimkus
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine Kalb
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Fabian Anger
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology Eberhard Karls University Tübingen Tübingen Germany
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Vagos P, Rodrigues PFS, Pandeirada JNS, Kasaeian A, Weidenauer C, Silva CF, Randler C. Factorial Structure of the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale (MESSi) and Sex and Age Invariance. Front Psychol 2019; 10:3. [PMID: 30705648 PMCID: PMC6344426 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Assessing morningness-eveningness preferences (chronotype), an individual characteristic that is mirrored in daily mental and physiological fluctuations, is crucial given their overarching influence in a variety of domains. The current work aimed to investigate the best factor structure of an instrument recently presented to asses this characteristic: the Morningness-Eveningness-Stability-Scale improved (MESSi). For the first time, the originally proposed three-factor structure was pitched against a uni- and a two-factor solution. Another novelty was to establish that the best-fitting model would be invariant in relation to sex and age, two variables that influence chronotype. A Confirmatory Factor Analyses on the data obtained from a sample of 2096 German adults (age: 18–76; M = 25.5, SD = 7.64) revealed that the originally proposed three-factor structure of the MESSi – Morning Affect, Eveningness, and Distinctness – was the only one to achieve acceptable fit indicators. Furthermore, each scale obtained good internal consistency. In order to assess age invariance, following the literature on development and chronotype, our sample was divided into three age groups: 18–21 years, 22–31 years, and 32 years or older. Full measurement invariance of the three-factor model was found for sex and age. Regarding differences between sexes, females did not differ significantly from males in Morning Affect, but scored significantly lower on Eveningness and higher on Distinctness; this last result has been consistent across validation studies of the MESSi. With respect to age differences, the oldest group scored lower on Eveningness and Distinctness in comparison with the other two age-groups; the intermediate group (age: 22–31) scored lower on Morning Affect when compared to both the younger and older age groups. Additionally, both Eveningness and Distinctness were negatively correlated with age. This latter relation has been consistently reported in other validation studies. Our results reinforce the idea that the MESSi assesses three different components of chronotype in a reliable manner and that this instrument can be used to explore sex and age differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Vagos
- INPP, Universidade Portucalense, Porto, Portugal.,CINEICC, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro F S Rodrigues
- CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Josefa N S Pandeirada
- CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,William James Research Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ali Kasaeian
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Corina Weidenauer
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Carlos F Silva
- CINTESIS, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal.,William James Research Center, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Abstract
Case studies have a long tradition in biomedical research. Here, I will analyze an important person from a chronobiological aspect, Santa Claus. Although it might be dangerous for researchers to publish analyses about Santa Claus, because, given the possibility that he may be unsatisfied with my analysis, this could lead to an embargo of parcels for my whole family. Nevertheless, some intrepid researches already diagnosed Santa Claus, ending up in some important research results. A search in Web of Science revealed only N = 224 publications about Santa Claus, which is really low. The question, I am addressing here is, whether Santa Claus is an "evening owl" or a night chronotype. In this report, I summarize the facts known about Santa Claus on the one side and about evening chronotypes on the other and sum up these results in a "vote counting" manner as pros and cons. The results are summarized in Table 1. In total, there is 12 times support for the hypothesis, 2 times against and 1 equivocal (Table 1). This result is significant (binomial test, p = 0.013). Therefore, the conclusion is "Santa Claus is an evening type".
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph Randler
- a Department of Biology , Eberhard Karls University Tübingen , Tübingen , Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Iztok Tomažič
- Department of Biology, Biotechnical faculty, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenija
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Faßl C, Quante M, Mariani S, Randler C. Preliminary findings for the validity of the Morningness–Eveningness-Stability Scale improved (MESSi): Correlations with activity levels and personality. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:135-142. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1519570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Corina Faßl
- Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mirja Quante
- Department of Neonatology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Sara Mariani
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Department of Medicine, Brigham & Women`s Hospital & Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christoph Randler
- Department of Biology, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- LEAD Graduate School & Research Network, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
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