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Bundy J, Shaw J, Hammel M, Nguyen J, Robbins C, Mercier I, Suryanarayanan A. Role of β3 subunit of the GABA type A receptor in triple negative breast cancer proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. Cell Cycle 2024:1-18. [PMID: 38623967 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2024.2340912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) is known for its heterogeneous nature and aggressive onset. The unresponsiveness to hormone therapies and immunotherapy and the toxicity of chemotherapeutics account for the limited treatment options for TNBC. Ion channels have emerged as possible therapeutic candidates for cancer therapy, but little is known about how ligand gated ion channels, specifically, GABA type A ligand-gated ion channel receptors (GABAAR), affect cancer pathogenesis. Our results show that the GABAA β3 subunit is expressed at higher levels in TNBC cell lines than non-tumorigenic cells, therefore contributing to the idea that limiting the GABAAR via knockdown of the GABAA β3 subunit is a potential strategy for decreasing the proliferation and migration of TNBC cells. We employed pharmacological and genetic approaches to investigate the role of the GABAA β3 subunit in TNBC proliferation, migration, and cell cycle progression. The results suggest that pharmacological antagonism or genetic knockdown of GABAA β3 subunit decreases TNBC proliferation and migration. In addition, GABAA β3 subunit knockdown causes cell cycle arrest in TNBC cell lines via decreased cyclin D1 and increased p21 expression. Our findings suggest that membrane bound GABAA receptors containing the β3 subunit can be further developed as a potential novel target for the treatment of TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Bundy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Shaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - M Hammel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - J Nguyen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - C Robbins
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - A Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Philadelphia College of Pharmacy, Saint Joseph's University, Pharmacology and Toxicology Center (PTC), Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Pinto S, Kotschevar C, Hunt A, Middendorf A, Robbins C, Miller E, Van Gilder D. Impact of a Public Health Awareness Campaign on Patients' Perceptions of Expanded Pharmacy Services in South Dakota Using the Theory of Planned Behavior. Pharmacy (Basel) 2022; 10:pharmacy10060178. [PMID: 36548334 PMCID: PMC9788309 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy10060178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pharmacists can offer medication expertise to help better control diabetes and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and improve patient outcomes, particularly in rural communities. This project evaluated the impact of an awareness campaign on perceptions of expanded pharmacy services. Methods: The “Your Pharmacists Knows” campaign included a 30-s commercial, print material, and media announcements. A non-randomized pre-post study was completed using a modified theory of planned behavior (mTPB) to assess knowledge, attitude, perceived benefits and norms, and perceived control. A 73-item survey was administered to a convenience sample (n = 172) across South Dakota. Regression models to assess intent and utilization were conducted using age, gender, race, education, population, and insurance status as predictors for mTPB constructs. Results: Most common predictors were female gender and higher education level (p < 0.001). All mTPB constructs were significant predictors of intent to use services (p < 0.001). Knowledge and perceived control had the largest influence on intent. Additionally, there was significant improvement in post-campaign service utilization (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This campaign positively influenced intent to seek and utilize services in rural communities where pharmacies may be the only healthcare option for miles. Through targeted campaigns, patients with diabetes or CVD may find access to services to better manage their conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharrel Pinto
- College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Community Practice Innovation Center (CPIC), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Allied and Population Health, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Aaron Hunt
- Community Practice Innovation Center (CPIC), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Allied and Population Health, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Alex Middendorf
- Community Practice Innovation Center (CPIC), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Christopher Robbins
- Community Practice Innovation Center (CPIC), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Allied and Population Health, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Erin Miller
- Community Practice Innovation Center (CPIC), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Allied and Population Health, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
| | - Deidra Van Gilder
- Community Practice Innovation Center (CPIC), South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy and Allied Health Professions, South Dakota State University, Brookings, SD 57007, USA
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Arnold P, Belchos J, Meagher A, Robbins C, Sparks Joplin T, Ortiz D, Ferries I, Hartwell J. Postoperative Pancreatic Fistula Following Traumatic Splenectomy: A Morbid and Costly Complication. J Surg Res 2022; 280:35-43. [PMID: 35952555 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2022.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Development of clinically relevant postoperative pancreatic fistula (CR-POPF) in adult splenectomies following trauma occur in 1%-3% of cases. We hypothesized that the use of sutures in splenic hilum ligation compared to staples was associated with a reduced rate of CR-POPF incidence. METHODS Adult trauma patients (age ≥17 y) that underwent nonelective splenectomy from 2010 to 2020 were retrospectively evaluated from the trauma registries of all three adult level 1 trauma centers in Indiana. Patients were excluded if they were pregnant, currently incarcerated, expired within 72 h of admission, or had a pancreatic injury diagnosed preoperatively or intraoperatively. A Firth logistic regression using a penalized-maximum likelihood estimate for rare events was used for univariate predictive modeling (SPSS 28.0) of surgical technique on CR-POPF development. RESULTS Four hundred nineteen adult splenectomies following trauma were conducted; 278 were included. CR-POPF developed in 14 cases (5.0%). Sutures alone were used in 200 cases: seven developed CR-POPF (3.5%). Staples alone or in combination with sutures were used in 74 cases: seven developed CR-POPF (9.5%). There was no statistically significant difference between the use of sutures alone compared to the use of staples alone (P = 0.123) or in combination (P = 0.100) in CR-POPF incidence. CONCLUSIONS Our 10-y retrospective review of CR-POPF finds the complication to be rare but morbid. This study was underpowered to show any difference in surgical technique. However, we do propose a new institutional norm that CR-POPF develop in 5% of splenectomies after trauma and conclude that further study of optimal technique for emergent splenectomy is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Arnold
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana.
| | - Jessica Belchos
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana; Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ashley Meagher
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christopher Robbins
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Tasha Sparks Joplin
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Damaris Ortiz
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana; Sidney & Lois Eskenazi Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Ian Ferries
- Ascension St. Vincent Hospital, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Jennifer Hartwell
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Surgery, Indianapolis, Indiana
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Li Y, Swallow J, Robbins C, Caird MS, Leis A, Hong RA. Gabapentin and intrathecal morphine combination therapy results in decreased oral narcotic use and more consistent pain scores after posterior spinal fusion for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Orthop Surg Res 2021; 16:672. [PMID: 34781972 PMCID: PMC8594153 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-021-02525-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gabapentin and intravenous patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) can reduce postoperative pain scores, postoperative opioid use, and time to completing physical therapy compared to PCA alone after posterior spinal fusion (PSF) for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS). Gabapentin combined with intrathecal morphine has not been studied. The primary purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate whether perioperative gabapentin and intrathecal morphine provide more effective pain control than intrathecal morphine alone after PSF for AIS. Methods Patients aged 11 to 18 years who underwent PSF for AIS were identified. Patients who received intrathecal morphine only (ITM group) were matched by age and sex to patients who received intrathecal morphine and perioperative gabapentin (ITM+GABA group). The ITM+GABA group received gabapentin preoperatively and for up to 2 days postoperatively. Both groups received oxycodone and the same non-narcotic adjuvant medications. Results Our final study group consisted of 50 patients (25 ITM, 25 ITM+GABA). The ITM+GABA group had significantly lower mean total oxycodone consumption during the hospitalization (0.798 vs 1.036 mg/kg, P<0.015). While the ITM group had a lower mean pain score between midnight and 8 am on POD 1 (2.4 vs 3.7, P=0.026), pain scores were significantly more consistent throughout the postoperative period in ITM+GABA group. The ITM+GABA group experienced less nausea/vomiting (52% vs 84%, P=0.032) and pruritus (44% vs 72%, P=0.045). Time to physical therapy discharge and length of hospital stay were similar. Conclusion Addition of gabapentin resulted in reduced oral opioid consumption and more consistent postoperative pain scores after PSF for AIS. The patients who received intrathecal morphine and gabapentin also experienced a lower rate of nausea/vomiting and pruritus. Trial registration All data was collected retrospectively from chart review, with institutional IRB approval. Trial registration is not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jennylee Swallow
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Robbins
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle S Caird
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Aleda Leis
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Rebecca A Hong
- Department of Anesthesiology, C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, 1540 E. Hospital Drive, SPC 4245, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-4245, USA.
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Gagnier J, Bedi A, Carpenter J, Robbins C, Miller B. A 5-Year Follow-up of Patients Treated for Full-Thickness Rotator Cuff Tears: A Prospective Cohort Study. Orthop J Sports Med 2021; 9:23259671211021589. [PMID: 34514008 PMCID: PMC8427933 DOI: 10.1177/23259671211021589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The evidence in support of operative versus nonoperative management of rotator cuff tears (RCTs) is limited, based primarily on observational studies of lower scientific merit. Purpose: To (1) compare the efficacy of operative versus nonoperative management of full-thickness RCTs across time and (2) detect variables that predict success within each group. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: We included patients with symptomatic full-thickness RCTs who were enrolled in an institutional shoulder registry. Patient enrollment began in 2009 and continued until early 2018. The following outcome measures were collected at baseline, then 6 months, 1 year, and annually up to 5 years postoperatively: Western Ontario Rotator Cuff Index (WORC), American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, Veterans RAND 12-Item Health Survey (VR-12) mental and physical component subscales (MCS and PCS, respectively), 100-point Single Assessment Numeric Evaluation (SANE) rating, and 100-point visual analog scale (VAS) for pain and for patient satisfaction. We performed regression models for all outcome variables across all 5 years of follow-up and included the following predictor variables: treatment type (operative vs nonoperative), sex, age, symptom duration, smoking status, diabetes status, injury side, and obesity status. Results: A total of 595 patients were included. Longitudinal mixed-effects regression revealed that patients who received operative treatment did better across time on all outcomes. Women (n = 242; 40.7%) did not fare as well as did men on the ASES, WORC, or VR-12 PCS. Older patients tended to improve less on the VR-12 PCS and more on the VR12-MCS. Patients with longer symptom duration at baseline had better scores across time on the ASES, WORC, VAS for pain, and SANE. Current or recent smokers and patients with diabetes tended to have lower scores on all measures across time. For changes in scores from baseline, patients in the operative group improved to a larger degree out to 3 years compared with those in the nonoperative group. Conclusion: Patients with RCTs tended to improve regardless of whether they received operative or nonoperative treatment, but patients who underwent operative treatment improved faster. There appear to be several predictors of improved and worsened outcomes for patients with RCTs undergoing operative or nonoperative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Gagnier
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James Carpenter
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | | | - Bruce Miller
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Walley KC, Semaan DJ, Shah R, Robbins C, Walton DM, Holmes JR, Talusan PG. Long-term Follow-up of Lisfranc Injuries Treated With Open Reduction Internal Fixation Patient-Reported Outcomes. Foot Ankle Orthop 2021; 6:24730114211039496. [PMID: 35097469 PMCID: PMC8702685 DOI: 10.1177/24730114211039496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: There remains a paucity of data regarding long-term patient-reported outcomes following Lisfranc injuries. We sought to collect long-term clinical outcome data following Lisfranc injuries using PROMIS Physical Function (PROMIS-PF) and visual analog scale–foot and ankle (VAS-FA). Methods: A chart review was performed to identify all patients who had surgical treatment of an acute Lisfranc injury at our institution from 2005 to 2014. Of the 45 patients identified, we were able to recruit 19 for a follow-up clinic visit consisting of physical examination, administration of questionnaires addressing pain and medication usage, radiographs, and completion of outcome surveys including PROMIS-Physical Function and visual analog scale–foot and ankle. Results: There were 14 female and 5 male patients enrolled in the study with a mean time of 6.25 years from the time of injury. Within this cohort, the mean PROMIS-PF score was 52.4±8.2 and the mean VAS–foot and ankle score was 76.6±22.3. Conclusion: We report satisfactory long-term patient-reported outcomes using PROMIS-PF and VAS-FA. Level of Evidence: Level III, retrospective cohort study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kempland C Walley
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Derek J Semaan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ronit Shah
- College of Medicine, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, USA
| | - Christopher Robbins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - David M Walton
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - James R Holmes
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Paul G Talusan
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Michigan Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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Amin N, Robbins C, Fang A, Lowe S, Etezadi V. Abstract No. 608 Fluoroscopic-guided percutaneous bone marrow aspiration and core biopsy using the OnControl Bone Marrow Biopsy System versus manual bone biopsy needle: a retrospective comparative analysis. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Surowiec RK, Battle LF, Ward FS, Schlecht SH, Khoury BM, Robbins C, Wojtys EM, Caird MS, Kozloff KM. A xenograft model to evaluate the bone forming effects of sclerostin antibody in human bone derived from pediatric osteogenesis imperfecta patients. Bone 2020; 130:115118. [PMID: 31678490 PMCID: PMC6918492 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2019.115118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a rare and severe skeletal dysplasia marked by low bone mass and poor bone quality which is especially burdensome during childhood. Since clinical trials for pediatric OI are difficult, there is a widespread reliance on genetically modified murine models to understand the skeletal effects of emerging therapeutics. However a common model does not yet exist to understand how patient-specific genotype may influence treatment efficacy. Recently, sclerostin antibody (SclAb) has been introduced as a novel putative anabolic therapy for diseases of low bone mass, but effects in pediatric patients remain unexplored. In this study, we aim to establish a direct xenograft approach using OI patient-derived bone isolates which retain patient-specific genetic defects and cells residing in their intrinsic extracellular environment to evaluate the bone-forming effects of SclAb as a bridge to clinical trials. OI and age matched non-OI patient bone typically discarded as surgical waste during corrective orthopaedic procedures were collected, trimmed and implanted subcutaneously (s.c.) on the dorsal surface of 4-6-week athymic mice. A subset of implanted mice were evaluated at short (1 week), intermediate (4 week), and long-term (12 week) durations to assess bone cell survival and presence of donor bone cells in order to determine an appropriate treatment duration. Remaining implanted mice were randomly assigned to a two or four-week SclAb-treated (25mg/kg s.c. 2QW) or untreated control group. Immunohistochemistry determined osteocyte and osteoblast donor/host relationship, TRAP staining quantified osteoclast activity, and TUNEL assay was used to understand rates of bone cell apoptosis at each implantation timepoint. Longitudinal changes of in vivo μCT outcomes and dynamic histomorphometry were used to assess treatment response and ex vivo μCT and dynamic histomorphometry of host femora served as a positive internal control to confirm a bone forming response to SclAb. Human-derived osteocytes and lining cells were present up to 12 weeks post-implantation with nominal cell apoptosis in the implant. Sclerostin expression remained donor-derived throughout the study. Osterix expression was primarily donor-derived in treated implants and shifted in favor of the host when implants remained untreated. μCT measures of BMD, TMD, BV/TV and BV increased with treatment but response was variable and impacted by bone implant morphology (trabecular, cortical) which was corroborated by histomorphometry. There was no statistical difference between treated and untreated osteoclast number in the implants. Host femora confirmed a systemic bone forming effect of SclAb. Findings support use of the xenograft model using solid bone isolates to explore the effects of novel bone-targeted therapies. These findings will impact our understanding of SclAb therapy in pediatric OI tissue through establishing the efficacy of this treatment in human cells prior to extension to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel K Surowiec
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Lauren F Battle
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ferrous S Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Stephen H Schlecht
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Basma M Khoury
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Christopher Robbins
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Edward M Wojtys
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Michelle S Caird
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Kenneth M Kozloff
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Naimark M, Trinh T, Robbins C, Rodoni B, Carpenter J, Bedi A, Miller B. Effect of Muscle Quality on Operative and Nonoperative Treatment of Rotator Cuff Tears. Orthop J Sports Med 2019; 7:2325967119863010. [PMID: 31428659 PMCID: PMC6683312 DOI: 10.1177/2325967119863010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration are predictors of negative outcomes after rotator cuff repair. However, the impact of muscle degeneration on nonsurgical treatment is unknown. Hypothesis Rotator cuff muscle atrophy and fatty infiltration will reduce the outcomes of operative repair while having a minimal effect on nonsurgical treatment. Additionally, in the setting of atrophy and fatty infiltration, surgical and nonsurgical treatment will produce equivalent outcomes. Study Design Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods Patients undergoing operative and nonoperative treatment of full-thickness rotator cuff tears were prospectively enrolled into a nonrandomized cohort study. Muscle quality was assessed on magnetic resonance imaging by use of the supraspinatus tangent sign, Warner atrophy, and Goutallier fatty infiltration classifications. Grading was performed by 2 independent observers who were blinded to patient treatment and outcomes. Normalized Western Ontario Rotator Cuff (WORC) index was the primary patient-reported outcome. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to determine the impact of muscle quality on treatment outcomes. Results The cohort consisted of 157 patients, 89 (57%) surgical and 68 (43%) nonsurgical, with a mean follow-up of 2.4 years (range, 1-5 years). Tangent sign had the best inter- and intrarater reliability, with kappa statistics of 0.81 and 0.86, respectively. Reliability for Warner atrophy was 0.69 to 0.76 and for Goutallier classification was 0.54 to 0.64. Overall, improvement in WORC scores was higher in the surgical group than the nonsurgical group (39.3 vs 21.2; P < .001). A positive tangent sign was the only independent predictor (P < .01) of worse outcomes in the surgical group, accounting for an estimated 22-point lower improvement in WORC scores. Conclusion A positive tangent sign was predictive of worse operative outcomes, resulting in equivalent improvements between surgical and nonsurgical treatment. The tangent sign is a reliable, prognostic indicator that clinicians can use when counseling patients on the optimal treatment of rotator cuff tears.
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Affiliation(s)
- Micah Naimark
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Thai Trinh
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Christopher Robbins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bridger Rodoni
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - James Carpenter
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Asheesh Bedi
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Bruce Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Bates N, Chatterton J, Robbins C, Wells K, Hughes J, Stone M, Campbell A. Lipid infusion in the management of poisoning: a report of 6 canine cases. Vet rec case rep 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/vetreccr.101036rep] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Bates
- Veterinary Poisons Information ServiceMedical Toxicology and Information ServicesMary Sheridan HouseLondonSE1 9RYUK
| | - J. Chatterton
- Grove Veterinary Centre2 Hibbert Street, New MillsHigh PeakDerbyshireSK22 3JJUK
| | - C. Robbins
- Castle Vets Pet Healthcare Centre1 Tilehurst RoadReadingRG1 7TWUK
| | - K. Wells
- Kingfisher Veterinary PracticeSouth Road Vet CentreMountfield RoadTauntonSomersetTA1 3BQUK
| | - J. Hughes
- Blake Veterinary GroupShowground RoadBridgwaterSomersetTA6 6AJUK
| | - M. Stone
- RSPCA Bristol & District Branch48 Albert RoadSt PhilipsBristolBS2 0XAUK
| | - A. Campbell
- Veterinary Poisons Information ServiceMedical Toxicology and Information ServicesMary Sheridan HouseLondonSE1 9RYUK
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Schunemann H, Brignardello-Petersen R, Chan W, Alonso-Coello P, Koster M, Robbins C. 064WS How to Use the GRADE ”Evidence-to-Recommendations Framework” to Develop Guideline Recommendations for Therapeutic Interventions. BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Regidor D, Robbins C. P059 Dynamic Updating of Clinical Practice Guidelines (CPGS). BMJ Qual Saf 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/bmjqs-2013-002293.144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Rand TG, Robbins C, Rajaraman D, Sun M, Miller JD. Induction of Dectin-1 and asthma-associated signal transduction pathways in RAW 264.7 cells by a triple-helical (1, 3)-β-D glucan, curdlan. Arch Toxicol 2013; 87:1841-50. [PMID: 23543010 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-013-1042-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
People living in damp buildings are typically exposed to spore and mycelial fragments of the fungi that grow on damp building materials. There is experimental evidence that this exposure to triple-helical (1, 3)-β-D glucan and low molecular weight toxins may be associated with non-atopic asthma observed in damp and moldy buildings. However, the mechanisms underlying this response are only partially resolved. Using the pure (1, 3)-β-D glucan, curdlan, and the murine macrophage cell line, RAW 264.7, there were two objectives of this study. The first was to determine whether signal transduction pathways activating asthma-associated cell signaling pathways were stimulated using mouse transduction Pathway Finder(®) arrays and quantitative real-time (QRT) PCR. The second objective was to evaluate the dose and temporal responses associated with transcriptional changes in asthma-associated cytokines, the signal transduction receptor gene Dectin-1, and various transcription factor genes related to the induction of asthma using customized RT-PCR-based arrays. Compared to controls, the 10(-7) M curdlan treatment induced significant changes in gene transcription predominately in the NFkB, TGF-β, p53, JAK/STAT, P13/AKT, phospholipase C, and stress signaling pathways. The 10(-8) M curdlan treatment mainly induced NFkB and TGF-β pathways. Compared to controls, curdlan exposures also induced significant dose- and time-dependent changes in the gene translations. We found that that curdlan as a non-allergenic potentiator modulates a network of transduction signaling pathways not only associated with TH-1, TH-2, and TH-3 cell responses including asthma potentiation, but a variety of other cell responses in RAW 264.7 cells. These results help provide mechanistic basis for some of the phenotypic changes associated with asthma that have been observed in in vitro, in vivo, and human studies and open up a hypothesis-building process that could explain the rise of non-atopic asthma associated with fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Rand
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, 923 Robie St, Halifax, NS, B3H 3C3, Canada,
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Bates N, Chatterton J, Robbins C, Wells K, Hughes J, Stone M, Campbell A. Lipid infusion in the management of poisoning: a report of 6 canine cases. Vet Rec 2013; 172:339. [PMID: 23423482 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Intravenous administration of lipid is a relatively new treatment in the management of toxicity from lipophilic compounds. It is used in human medicine in the treatment of toxicity from lipophilic local anaesthetics and cardiotoxic drugs and can result in dramatic improvement in clinical status. We present six cases of poisoning in dogs successfully treated with lipid infusion after ingestion of ivermectin (3), moxidectin (2) and baclofen (1). The dogs ranged in age from eight weeks to 14 years, and weighed 4-30 kg. Intravenous lipid therapy was started between six and eight hours and 22 hours after ingestion, and all the dogs responded well. In four dogs, there was clinical improvement within one hour; one had improved within two hours and the other within 4.5 hours of lipid administration. The only adverse effect of lipid infusion reported was mild swelling and pain after extravasation in one case which resolved with conservative management. All the dogs were discharged within 24-52 hours after exposure (7-46 hours after the start of lipid administration), and none developed any apparent sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bates
- Veterinary Poisons Information Service, Medical Toxicology and Information Services, Mary Sheridan House, London SE1 9RY, UK.
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15
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Robbins C, Mirmirani P, Messenger AG, Birch MP, Youngquist RS, Tamura M, Filloon T, Luo F, Dawson TL. What women want - quantifying the perception of hair amount: an analysis of hair diameter and density changes with age in caucasian women. Br J Dermatol 2012; 167:324-32. [PMID: 22524482 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2133.2012.11010.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has long been known that women lose satisfaction with their hair with ageing. Our data show that caucasian women perceive a decrease in hair amount in their mid 40s with a further decrease in the mid to late 50s, which leads to this dissatisfaction. Neither loss of density (hairs per cm(2) ) nor shaft diameter alone can fully account for this perception. A new metric, 'hair amount', is proposed as a quantitative metric combining the impact of both density and diameter on the perception of hair loss. OBJECTIVES Creation of a single parameter combining the contribution of diameter and density to perception of female age-related hair loss. METHODS In total, 1099 caucasian women (ages 18-66 years) with self-perceived hair loss and 315 caucasian women (ages 17-86 years) with no complaint of hair loss were evaluated. Scalp hair diameter was measured using optical fibre diameter and image analysis. Scalp hair density was measured by phototrichogram with manual or automated counting. RESULTS Parietal scalp hair diameter increased from ages 20 to 40-45 years, then decreased. Hair density was highest in the youngest group, age 20-30 years, and decreased thereafter with increasing rate. In women self-perceiving hair loss, the rate of decrease in density was significantly faster than for women with no self-perception of hair loss. The combined metric 'hair amount' was relatively constant at younger ages, increasing very slightly to age 35 years, then decreasing significantly. CONCLUSIONS Increasing hair shaft diameter offsets decreasing hair density through the mid 30s. After that, a lower rate of diameter increase combined with the decrease in density begins to significantly impact the perception of hair amount so that thinning becomes increasingly more noticeable in the mid 40s to the mid to late 50s. Quantitative determination of hair amount is a useful tool to combine the contributions of hair density and diameter to women's perception of age-related hair loss.
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Kamath YK, Robbins C. Hair breakage by combing and brushing--a comment on: T. A. Evans and K. Park, A statistical analysis of hair breakage. II. Repeated grooming experiments, J. Cosmet. Sci., 41, 439-456 (2010). J Cosmet Sci 2011; 62:579-585. [PMID: 22682401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2011] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Literature dealing with the mechanisms of hair breakage in combing and brushing published so far has been reviewed as a background for the critical evaluation of the method and data analysis of the paper "Statistical Analysis of Hair Breakage. II" by Evans and Park (1). Accumulated knowledge about hair breakage in these grooming processes indicates that hair breakage in combing and brushing results from tangling, looping, knotting, and impact loading. Fatiguing, though responsible for some weakening of the fiber in the grooming process, it is unlikely to be a significant factor in hair breakage in combing and brushing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Kamath
- Kamath Consulting Inc., Monmouth Junction, NJ 08852, USA
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Rand TG, Dipenta J, Robbins C, Miller JD. Effects of low molecular weight fungal compounds on inflammatory gene transcription and expression in mouse alveolar macrophages. Chem Biol Interact 2011; 190:139-47. [PMID: 21356202 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2011.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 02/13/2011] [Accepted: 02/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory potential and molecular mechanisms underscoring inflammatory responses of lung cells to compounds from fungi that grow on damp building materials is poorly understood in vitro. In this study we evaluated the effect of pure fungal compounds on potentiating acute inflammatory response in primary mouse alveolar macrophages (AMs) and tested the hypothesis that AM responses to low molecular weight fungal compounds exhibit temporal and compound specificity that mimic that observed in the whole lung. Transcriptional responses of 13 inflammation/respiratory burst-associated genes (KC=Cxcl1, Cxcl2, Cxcl5, Cxcl10, Ccl3, Ccl112, Ccl20, IL-1β, Il-6, ifi27 Tnfα, iNOS and Blvrb) were evaluated in mouse AMs exposed to a 1ml (10(-8)mol) dose of either pure atranone C, brevianimide, cladosporin, curdlan, LPS, neoechinulin A & B, sterigmatocystin or TMC-120A for 2h, 4h and 12h PE using customized reverse transcription (RT)-PCR based arrays. Multianalyte ELISA was used to measure expression of 6 pro-inflammatory cytokines common to the transcriptional assays (Cxcl1, Cxcl10, Ccl3, IL1β, Ifn-λ and Tnf-α) to determine whether gene expression corresponded to the transcription data. Compared to controls, all of these compounds induced significant (≥2.5-fold or ≤-2.5-fold change at p≤0.05) time- and compound-specific transcriptional gene alterations in treatment AMs. The highest number of transcribed genes were in LPS treatment AMs at 12h PE (12/13) followed by neoechinulin B at 4h PE (11/13). Highest fold change values (>30) were associated with KC, Cxcl2, Cxcl5 and IL1β genes in cells exposed to LPS. Compound exposures also induced significant (p≤0.05) time- and compound-specific pro-inflammatory responses manifest as differentially elevated Cxcl1, Cxcl10, Ccl3, Ifn-λ and Tnf-α concentrations in culture supernatant of treatment AMs. Dissimilarity in transcriptional responses in AMs and our in vivo model of lung disease is likely attributable to whole lung vs. isolated cell responsive and dose differences between the two studies. The results not only indicate that low molecular weight compounds from fungi that grow in damp built environments are potently pro-inflammatory in vitro, it further highlights the important role AMs play in innate lung defence, and against exposure to low molecular weight fungal compounds. These observations further support our position that exposure to low molecular weight compounds from indoor-associated fungi may provoke some of the inflammatory health effects reported from humans in damp building environments. They also open up a hypothesis building process that could explain the rise of non-atopic asthma associated with fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas G Rand
- Department of Biology, Saint Mary's University, Halifax, NS, Canada B3H 3C3
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Mac Kinnon JL, Robbins C, Wolf J. CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE AND VIETNAM VETERANS WITH WAR-RELATED AMPUTATION: FORTY YEARS POST INJURY. Cardiopulm Phys Ther J 2010. [DOI: 10.1097/01823246-201021040-00009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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20
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Robbins C, Kamath Y. J. Cosmet. Sci.,58, 629-636 (November/December 2007)
Hair breakage during combing. IV. Brushing and combing hair. Int J Cosmet Sci 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2008.00444_3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- T M Ecker
- New England Baptist Hospital, Tufts University School of Medicine, Ste 545, 125 Parker Hill Ave, Boston, MA 02120, USA
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22
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23
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Duggan D, Zheng SL, Knowlton M, Benitez D, Dimitrov L, Wiklund F, Robbins C, Isaacs SD, Cheng Y, Li G, Sun J, Chang BL, Marovich L, Wiley KE, Balter K, Stattin P, Adami HO, Gielzak M, Yan G, Sauvageot J, Liu W, Kim JW, Bleecker ER, Meyers DA, Trock BJ, Partin AW, Walsh PC, Isaacs WB, Gronberg H, Xu J, Carpten JD. Two Genome-wide Association Studies of Aggressive Prostate Cancer Implicate Putative Prostate Tumor Suppressor Gene DAB2IP. J Natl Cancer Inst 2007; 99:1836-44. [DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djm250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 217] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
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24
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Robbins C. Hair breakage during combing. II. Impact loading and hair breakage. Int J Cosmet Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-2494.2007.00371_5.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Revie CW, Robbins C, Gettinby G, Kelly L, Treasurer JW. A mathematical model of the growth of sea lice, Lepeophtheirus salmonis, populations on farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar L., in Scotland and its use in the assessment of treatment strategies. J Fish Dis 2005; 28:603-13. [PMID: 16302954 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2761.2005.00665.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Sea lice are a persistent problem for farmed and wild salmonid populations. Control can be achieved through the use of veterinary medicines. A model was developed to describe the patterns of sea lice infection on salmon farms in Scotland and to predict the likely effect of various treatment strategies. This model takes into account development rates and mortality using compartments representing life history stages and external infection pressure. The national sea lice infection pattern was described using parameters representing stage survival, background infection levels and egg viability rates. The patterns observed across farms varied greatly and the model gave broad agreement to observed trends with different parameters being required in the model for sites using hydrogen peroxide and cypermethrin treatments. The parameter estimates suggest that the background infection pressure on sites where cypermethrin was administered was higher than for those using hydrogen peroxide. Both models had comparable magnitudes of sensitivity with survival from one stage to another being the most sensitive parameter, followed by feedback rates at which gravid females produce eggs, with background infection levels the least sensitive. The effect of different cypermethrin treatment strategies was assessed using the model. Increasing treatments in a production cycle gave more effective control. However, the model showed that timing of treatments is most important if sea lice are to be effectively controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- C W Revie
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK.
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27
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Harker JD, Robbins C. Digital Atlas of Video Endoscopy. Gastroenterol Nurs 2005. [DOI: 10.1097/00001610-200503000-00048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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28
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Hoggett-Jones C, Robbins C, Gettinby G, Blythe S. Modelling the inventory and impact assessment of partitioning and transmutation approaches to spent nuclear fuel management. ANN NUCL ENERGY 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4549(01)00065-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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29
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Carpten J, Nupponen N, Isaacs S, Sood R, Robbins C, Xu J, Faruque M, Moses T, Ewing C, Gillanders E, Hu P, Bujnovszky P, Makalowska I, Baffoe-Bonnie A, Faith D, Smith J, Stephan D, Wiley K, Brownstein M, Gildea D, Kelly B, Jenkins R, Hostetter G, Matikainen M, Schleutker J, Klinger K, Connors T, Xiang Y, Wang Z, De Marzo A, Papadopoulos N, Kallioniemi OP, Burk R, Meyers D, Grönberg H, Meltzer P, Silverman R, Bailey-Wilson J, Walsh P, Isaacs W, Trent J. Germline mutations in the ribonuclease L gene in families showing linkage with HPC1. Nat Genet 2002; 30:181-4. [PMID: 11799394 DOI: 10.1038/ng823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 406] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Although prostate cancer is the most common non-cutaneous malignancy diagnosed in men in the United States, little is known about inherited factors that influence its genetic predisposition. Here we report that germline mutations in the gene encoding 2'-5'-oligoadenylate(2-5A)-dependent RNase L (RNASEL) segregate in prostate cancer families that show linkage to the HPC1 (hereditary prostate cancer 1) region at 1q24-25 (ref. 9). We identified RNASEL by a positional cloning/candidate gene method, and show that a nonsense mutation and a mutation in an initiation codon of RNASEL segregate independently in two HPC1-linked families. Inactive RNASEL alleles are present at a low frequency in the general population. RNASEL regulates cell proliferation and apoptosis through the interferon-regulated 2-5A pathway and has been suggested to be a candidate tumor suppressor gene. We found that microdissected tumors with a germline mutation showed loss of heterozygosity and loss of RNase L protein, and that RNASEL activity was reduced in lymphoblasts from heterozyogous individuals compared with family members who were homozygous with respect to the wildtype allele. Thus, germline mutations in RNASEL may be of diagnostic value, and the 2-5A pathway might provide opportunities for developing therapies for those with prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Carpten
- Cancer Genetics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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30
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Breysse PN, Lees PS, Rooney BC, McArthur BR, Miller ME, Robbins C. End-user exposures to synthetic vitreous fibers: II. Fabrication and installation fabrication of commercial products. Appl Occup Environ Hyg 2001; 16:464-70. [PMID: 11318389 DOI: 10.1080/10473220117198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
This article summarizes the results of exposure monitoring conducted during the installation and fabrication of commercial synthetic vitreous fiber (SVF) products. Included in this investigation were fiberglass duct insulation and construction applications (duct board, duct liner, and duct wrap), pipe and vessel insulation, batt insulation for prefabricated homes, and general fiberglass products. Commercial mineral wool products sampled as a part of this investigation included ceiling tiles, building safing, and loose insulation for prefabricated homes. A total of 520 valid air samples were collected as a part of this investigation and were analyzed using gravimetric, phase contrast microscopy (PCM), or scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Airborne fiber-size distributions were also determined for a subset of samples collected for SEM analysis. As a result of the task-based sampling strategy used in this study, sample times reflect exposures over the time the person was actually engaged in SVF-related work activities, and exposure results are therefore presented as task-length averages (TLAs). Thirty-five total dust samples were collected as a part of this investigation, resulting in 14 TLAs ranging from 0.3 to 7.6 mg/m3. A total of 125 PCM-based TLAs were collected, with the mean TLA time for all product and occupation categories ranging from 277 to 443 minutes. The mean PCM-based TLAs for all product/occupations were below 1.0 f/cm3, ranging from 0.04 to 0.68 f/cm3. A total of 116 SEM TLAs were determined. Average SEM-based TLA concentrations were slightly lower than the PCM-based estimates and ranged from <0.01 to 0.16 f/cm3. The geometric mean fiber diameters for commercial products and occupations sampled as a part of the investigation ranged from 0.8 microm to 1.9 microm. Geometric mean fiber length varied by a factor of approximately three, ranging from 9.5 microm to 29.5 microm.
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Affiliation(s)
- P N Breysse
- School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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31
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Marcelino J, Carpten JD, Suwairi WM, Gutierrez OM, Schwartz S, Robbins C, Sood R, Makalowska I, Baxevanis A, Johnstone B, Laxer RM, Zemel L, Kim CA, Herd JK, Ihle J, Williams C, Johnson M, Raman V, Alonso LG, Brunoni D, Gerstein A, Papadopoulos N, Bahabri SA, Trent JM, Warman ML. CACP, encoding a secreted proteoglycan, is mutated in camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome. Nat Genet 1999; 23:319-22. [PMID: 10545950 DOI: 10.1038/15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 214] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Altered growth and function of synoviocytes, the intimal cells which line joint cavities and tendon sheaths, occur in a number of skeletal diseases. Hyperplasia of synoviocytes is found in both rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, despite differences in the underlying aetiologies of the two disorders. We have studied the autosomal recessive disorder camptodactyly-arthropathy-coxa vara-pericarditis syndrome (CACP; MIM 208250) to identify biological pathways that lead to synoviocyte hyperplasia, the principal pathological feature of this syndrome. Using a positional-candidate approach, we identified mutations in a gene (CACP) encoding a secreted proteoglycan as the cause of CACP. The CACP protein, which has previously been identified as both 'megakaryocyte stimulating factor precursor' and 'superficial zone protein', contains domains that have homology to somatomedin B, heparin-binding proteins, mucins and haemopexins. In addition to expression in joint synovium and cartilage, CACP is expressed in non-skeletal tissues including liver and pericardium. The similarity of CACP sequence to that of other protein families and the expression of CACP in non-skeletal tissues suggest it may have diverse biological activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Marcelino
- Department of Genetics and Center for Human Genetics, Case Western Reserve University and University Hospitals of Cleveland, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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32
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Smith-McCune K, Kalman D, Robbins C, Shivakumar S, Yuschenkoff L, Bishop JM. Intranuclear localization of human papillomavirus 16 E7 during transformation and preferential binding of E7 to the Rb family member p130. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1999; 96:6999-7004. [PMID: 10359828 PMCID: PMC22035 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.96.12.6999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
To study intracellular pathways by which the human papillomavirus 16 oncogene E7 participates in carcinogenesis, we expressed an inducible chimera of E7 by fusion to the hormone-binding domain of the estrogen receptor. The chimeric protein (E7ER) transformed rodent fibroblast cell lines and induced DNA synthesis on addition of estradiol. In coimmunoprecipitation experiments, E7ER preferentially bound p130 when compared to p107 and pRb. After estradiol addition, E7ER localization changed to a more intense intranuclear staining. Induction of E7 function was not correlated with binding to p130 or pRb but rather with intranuclear localization and modest induction of binding to p107.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Smith-McCune
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco CA 94115, USA.
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Abstract
Prophylactic, intratracheal instillation of recombinant human Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (rhSOD) has been shown to lessen lung injury produced by 48 h of hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation in neonatal piglets. However, instillation of small volumes of rhSOD intratracheally would not be expected to result in uniform pulmonary distribution. Aerosolization is a technique that may improve pulmonary distribution of drugs, but is limited by the poor efficiency of most nebulizers. A newly modified ultrasonic nebulizer was tested to assess pulmonary distribution of rhSOD compared to that achieved by intratracheal instillation. rhSOD was dual-labeled with technetium-99m (99mTc) and a fluorescent analog (permitting quantitative and qualitative assessments of pulmonary distribution), and administered to neonatal piglets by intratracheal instillation or by aerosolization. Intratracheal instillation of rhSOD to piglets when supine resulted in nonuniform distribution, with most of the drug being found in the right caudal lobe, and localized in airways. Placing animals in 30 degrees of Trendelenburg and administering half the dose in the left and half in the right lateral decubitus positions improved distribution, but alveolar deposition remained patchy. Aerosolization using a modified ultrasonic nebulizer uniformly delivered 45.8 +/- 3.8% of the rhSOD to the lungs that had been placed in the nebulizer. The rhSOD was still active and present in airways and alveoli in a homogeneous fashion. We conclude that intratracheal instillation of rhSOD in small volumes results in nonuniform pulmonary distribution, while aerosolization enhances rhSOD distribution and alveolar deposition. This has important implications for ongoing clinical trials of rhSOD for the prevention of acute and chronic lung injury in premature neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- E G Langenback
- Department of Pediatrics, SUNY Health Science Center, Stony Brook, New York, USA
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Hacia JG, Sun B, Hunt N, Edgemon K, Mosbrook D, Robbins C, Fodor SP, Tagle DA, Collins FS. Strategies for mutational analysis of the large multiexon ATM gene using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Genome Res 1998; 8:1245-58. [PMID: 9872980 DOI: 10.1101/gr.8.12.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Mutational analysis of large genes with complex genomic structures plays an important role in medical genetics. Technical limitations associated with current mutation screening protocols have placed increased emphasis on the development of new technologies to simplify these procedures. High-density arrays of >90,000-oligonucleotide probes, 25 nucleotides in length, were designed to screen for all possible heterozygous germ-line mutations in the 9.17-kb coding region of the ATM gene. A strategy for rapidly developing multiexon PCR amplification protocols in DNA chip-based hybridization analysis was devised and implemented in preparing target for the 62 ATM coding exons. Improved algorithms for interpreting data from two-color experiments, where reference and test samples are cohybridized to the arrays, were developed. In a blinded study, 17 of 18 distinct heterozygous and 8 of 8 distinct homozygous sequence variants in the assayed region were detected accurately along with five false-positive calls while scanning >200 kb in 22 genomic DNA samples. Of eight heterozygous sequence changes found in more than one sample, six were detected in all cases. Five previously unreported sequence changes, not found by other mutational scanning methodologies on these same samples, were detected that led to either amino acid changes or premature truncation of the ATM protein. DNA chip-based assays should play a valuable role in high throughput sequence analysis of complex genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J G Hacia
- National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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Abstract
This study reports on the development and outcome of a Low Threshold Clinic (LTC) for opiate-dependent drug users. The service originated as a nursing initiative within an inner city Drug Dependency Centre (DDC) and its rationale and treatment approach are explored in relation to the literature and local circumstances. Client baseline and outcome data were systematically gathered to assess service uptake and service efficacy in terms of client outcome. Data are presented for the first two years of operation during which a total of 59 clients entered the LTC. The sociodemographic characteristics and patterns of drug use among this group suggest the service was successful in targeting clients who previously failed to enter traditional treatment programmes despite initial referral to the DDC. Outcome data indicate a tendency for clients to inject less frequently, engage in less criminal activity and, by 12 months, to reduce their dose of prescribed methadone whilst attending the LTC. Tentative conclusions are drawn concerning the value of this service for 'hard-to-reach' drug users and those who may be at a precontemplation stage of change. Recommendations are made for a more comprehensive evaluative study that involves comparison with other treatment approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- I W Ryrie
- King's College, University of London, UK
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36
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Sahgal N, Davis JM, Robbins C, Horowitz S, Langenback EG, Perry RH, Colflesh D, Tierney J, Simon SR. Localization and activity of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase after intratracheal administration. Am J Physiol 1996; 271:L230-5. [PMID: 8770061 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.1996.271.2.l230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Hyperoxia and mechanical ventilation cause acute lung injury which may be mitigated by prophylactic intratracheal (IT) administration of recombinant human CuZn superoxide dismutase (rhSOD). However, little is known about the localization, activity, and metabolism of rhSOD after IT administration by instillation or nebulization. Twenty-six newborn piglets were intubated, mechanically ventilated, and given either saline or fluorescently labeled rhSOD (5 mg/kg IT) by instillation or nebulization. Animals were killed 1, 6, or 12 h later. Intact rhSOD (% total fluorescence still associated with macromolecules) and total SOD activity in lung tissue were then determined. Results indicate that, after 1 and 6 h of administration, the majority of rhSOD present in the lung was still associated with the fluorescent label. By 12 h, most of the rhSOD was no longer fluorescently labeled. At 1 h, lung SOD activity increased by 100% compared with untreated control values, with activity remaining elevated at 6 and 12 h. Laser confocal microscopy of lung tissue showed that at 1 h, labeled rhSOD was found throughout the lung, inside a variety of cell types of airways, respiratory bronchioles, and alveoli. Deposition was more homogeneous after nebulization. Negative controls had minimal background fluorescence. These data indicate that after IT administration, rhSOD is rapidly incorporated into cells in the lung and significantly increases lung SOD activity. These observations have important implications for the clinical use of rhSOD in human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Sahgal
- Department of Pediatrics (Neonatology), Winthrop University Hospital, State University of New York Stony Brook School of Medicine, Mineola 11501, USA
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Robbins C, Green R, Lasker M, Wiseman G, Holzman IR. The lung of the premature infant: pathophysiology of disease and newer therapies. Mt Sinai J Med 1994; 61:416-423. [PMID: 7799978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- C Robbins
- Department of Pediatrics, Mount Sinai School of Medicine (CUNY), New York
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38
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Abstract
A catalogue of the genes encoded by chromosome 21 would provide a framework for assigning roles in the etiology of Down syndrome (DS) to individual genes. We have begun generating such a catalogue, starting with a 1.2 Mb region surrounding the marker D21S55. Our efforts utilized the yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) and cosmid-clone based high resolution physical maps that we have constructed of this region. Direct-selection of fetal brain cDNAs with YAC DNA was used to isolate transcribed sequences. The selected cDNA fragments were analyzed by limited DNA sequence analysis, Northern blot hybridization and screening of cDNA libraries. The cDNA fragments were assigned positions on the physical map by hybridization to a collection of cosmid clones. The accurate determination of map positions for individual cDNA fragments allowed us to determine sources of variability in the cDNA selection procedure. The combined analysis and mapping was used to estimate the completeness of our mapping efforts and to identify procedures that would facilitate large-scale transcript mapping. The transcribed sequence map that we have assembled will allow the importance to DS of genes in this region to be examined and will aid in the design of strategies for larger scale efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Peterson
- Department of Physiology, University of California at San Francisco 94143-0444
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McLeod RS, Robbins C, Burns A, Yao Z, Pritchard PH. Deletion of the propeptide of apolipoprotein A-I impairs exit of nascent apolipoprotein A-I from the endoplasmic reticulum. Biochem J 1994; 302 ( Pt 3):641-8. [PMID: 7945187 PMCID: PMC1137279 DOI: 10.1042/bj3020641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Human apolipoprotein (apo) A-I is secreted as a proprotein of 249 amino acids and is processed extracellularly to the mature form (243 amino acids) by removal of a six-residue propeptide segment. We have examined the role of the apoA-I propeptide in intracellular transport and secretion using transfected baby hamster kidney cells that secreted either proapoA-I (from the wild-type cDNA, A-Iwt) or mature-form apoA-I (from A-I delta pro, a cDNA in which the propeptide sequence was deleted). Deletion of the propeptide from the apoA-I sequence did not affect the rate of apoA-I synthesis, nor did it affect the fidelity of proteolytic removal of the prepeptide. However, the propeptide deletion caused mature-form apoA-I to accumulate within the cells as determined by pulse-chase experiments; the intracellular retention times for the mature-form apoA-I in which the propeptide was prematurely removed was three times longer than that of proapoA-I (t1/2 > 3 h compared with approximately 50 min). There was no detectable degradation of either form of newly synthesized apoA-I. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that, whereas the proapoA-I was located predominantly in the Golgi apparatus, large quantities of the mature-form apoA-I were detected in the endoplasmic reticulum and very little was in the Golgi apparatus of A-I delta pro-transfected cells. These findings suggest that the propeptide sequence may be involved in the intracellular transport of apoA-I from the endoplasmic reticulum to the Golgi apparatus. We propose that the function of the propeptide sequence is to facilitate efficient transport of apoA-I through the secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S McLeod
- Department of Pathology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Zuo J, Robbins C, Baharloo S, Cox DR, Myers RM. Construction of cosmid contigs and high-resolution restriction mapping of the Huntington disease region of human chromosome 4. Hum Mol Genet 1993; 2:889-99. [PMID: 8364572 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/2.7.889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene responsible for Huntington disease (HD) has been localized to a 2.2 million base pair (Mbp) region between the loci D4S10 and D4S98 on the short arm of human chromosome 4. As part of a strategy originally designed to clone the gene based on its chromosomal location, we and others previously identified overlapping yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones covering most of this region. While these YAC clones were useful for initially obtaining long-range clone continuity, a number of features of the YACs indicated that smaller clones are generally more useful in the subsequent steps of the positional cloning strategy. In this paper, we use these YAC clones to generate sets of overlapping cosmid clones covering most of the HD region. We isolated a large number of cosmids by screening a chromosome 4-specific cosmid library with labeled DNA from a minimal overlapping set of YAC clones. These cosmid clones were further analyzed by restriction mapping and hybridization experiments, leading to the assembly of 185 cosmids into eleven contigs covering more than 1.65 Mbp and to a fine-structure restriction map of the region. Nine of these contigs cover 90 percent of the 1.7 Mbp subregion between loci D4S125 and D4S98 where the HD gene is now known to lie. The detailed restriction map and the cosmid clones should facilitate the identification and localization of cDNAs and polymorphic markers, and they provide reagents for large scale DNA sequencing of this region of the human genome. Our results suggest that this strategy should be generally useful for converting YAC clones into cosmid contigs and generating high-resolution restriction maps of genomic regions of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zuo
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0444
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess correlation between nonspecific cervicitis, inflammation, or exudate on cervical smears tests and confirmed presence of known cervical pathogens. DESIGN Investigation of women attending a family practice clinic for smear test by microbiological screening for Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Trichomonas vaginalis, Candida species, group B streptococcus, Gardnerella vaginalis, and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. SETTING Family practice teaching clinic in a university hospital. PATIENTS 411 women presenting for a smear test. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Prevalence of genital infections associated with presence or absence of inflammatory changes on cervical smear. RESULTS Of the 132 women with inflammatory changes on cervical smear, 64 (48%) had positive cultures. Of the 248 without inflammatory changes, 117 (47%) had positive cultures. Subgroup analysis on individual organisms also showed no significant difference between the two groups. CONCLUSION Reports of inflammatory changes on cervical smear testing are a poor indicator of infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- W L Parsons
- Memorial University of Newfoundland, St John's, Canada
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White WB, Berson AS, Robbins C, Jamieson MJ, Prisant LM, Roccella E, Sheps SG. National standard for measurement of resting and ambulatory blood pressures with automated sphygmomanometers. Hypertension 1993; 21:504-9. [PMID: 8458649 DOI: 10.1161/01.hyp.21.4.504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 241] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation develops voluntary standards for medical devices so that manufacturers might provide information on their product and basic safety and performance criteria that should be considered in qualifying the instrument for clinical use. American national standards are generated through a consensus process by committees consisting of experts in research, development, and design from user, industry, and government communities. Draft standards are made available for public review and may become American national standards after review by the American National Standards Institute. The first American national standard for electronic and automated sphygmomanometers was published in monograph form in 1987. The objective of the revised 1992 standard for electronic and automated sphygmomanometers is to provide updated labeling, safety, and performance requirements that help ensure that consumers and health care professionals are supplied with safe, accurate devices for the indirect measurement of blood pressure, including ambulatory blood pressure recorders. This standard permits validation of the automatic or electronic device by comparison with either direct, intra-arterial blood pressure measurements or the noninvasive cuff/stethoscope technique, based on Korotkoff sounds identified by individuals trained in auscultation. This summary report of the 1992 American national standard for automatic sphygmomanometers provides recommendations for the methods of comparison, statistical analysis of the data, presentation of the results, and criteria for acceptability. Users, researchers, and instrument designers should refer to the American national standard monograph for detailed requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- W B White
- Section of Hypertension and Vascular Diseases, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington 06032-3940
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Robbins C. Can we regulate the quality of care. Am J Kidney Dis 1992; 20:200-1. [PMID: 1496979 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-6386(12)80557-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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Abstract
The gene responsible for Huntington disease has been localized to a 2.5 million base pair (Mb) region between the loci D4S10 and D4S168 on the short arm of chromosome 4. As part of a strategy to clone the HD gene on the basis of its chromosomal location, we isolated genomic DNA from the HD region as a set of overlapping yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clones. Twenty-eight YAC clones were identified by screening human YAC libraries with twelve PCR-based sequence-tagged sites (STSs) from the region. We assembled the YAC clones into overlapping sets by hybridizing them to a large number of DNA probes from the HD region, including the STSs. In addition, we isolated the ends of the human DNA inserts of most of the YAC clones to assist in the construction of the contig. Although almost half of the YACs appear to contain chimeric inserts and several contain internal deletions or other rearrangements, we were able to obtain over 2.2 Mb of the HD region in YACs, including one continuous segment of 2.0 Mb covering the region that most likely contains the HD gene. Ten of the twenty eight YAC clones comprise a minimal set spanning the 2.2 Mb. These clones provide reagents for the complete characterization of this region of the genome and for the eventual isolation of the HD gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zuo
- Department of Physiology, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0444
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45
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Abstract
An infant born by cesarean section because of placenta previa had hypovolemia with disseminated intravascular coagulopathy. Diffuse hepatic infarction developed, but the infant ultimately recovered completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Robbins
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Mount Sinai Medical Center, New York, New York 10029
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46
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Robbins C. The multicultural society. Body, mind and spirit. Nursing 1991; 4:9-11. [PMID: 2023688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Weber B, Collins C, Robbins C, Magenis RE, Delaney AD, Gray JW, Hayden MR. Characterization and organization of DNA sequences adjacent to the human telomere associated repeat (TTAGGG)n. Nucleic Acids Res 1990; 18:3353-61. [PMID: 2356126 PMCID: PMC330944 DOI: 10.1093/nar/18.11.3353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a strategy for the cloning of DNA sequences adjacent to the tandemly repeated DNA sequence (TTAGGG)n. Sequence analysis of 14 independently isolated clones revealed the presence of non-repetitive sequences immediately adjacent to or flanked by blocks of the simple repeat (TTAGGG)n. In addition, we provide sequence information on two previously undescribed tandemly repeated sequences, including a 9 bp repeat and a modification of the (TTAGGG)n repeat. Using different mapping approaches six sub-clones, free of the TTAGGG repeat, were assigned to a single human chromosome. Moreover, in situ hybridization mapped one of these subclones, G2 - 1H, definitively to the telomeric band on chromosome 4q. However, Bal 31 insensitivity suggests a location in a more subterminal region. All the (TTAGGG)n-adjacent unique sequences tested are highly conserved among primates but are not present in other mammalian species. Identification and mapping of TTAGGG-adjacent sequences will provide a refined insight into the genomic organization of the (TTAGGG)n repeat. The isolation of chromosome specific TTAGGG-adjacent sequences from subtelomeric regions of all human chromosomes will serve as important end points for the genetic maps and will be useful for the molecular characterization of chromosomal rearrangements involving telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Weber
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Theilmann J, Kanani S, Shiang R, Robbins C, Quarrell O, Huggins M, Hedrick A, Weber B, Collins C, Wasmuth JJ. Non-random association between alleles detected at D4S95 and D4S98 and the Huntington's disease gene. J Med Genet 1989; 26:676-81. [PMID: 2531224 PMCID: PMC1015737 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.26.11.676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Analysis of many families with linked DNA markers has provided support for the Huntington's disease (HD) gene being close to the telomere on the short arm of chromosome 4. However, analysis of recombination events in particular families has provided conflicting results about the precise location of the HD gene relative to these closely linked DNA markers. Here we report an investigation of linkage disequilibrium between six DNA markers and the HD gene in 75 separate families of varied ancestry. We show significant non-random association between alleles detected at D4S95 and D4S98 and the mutant gene. These data suggest that it may be possible to construct high and low risk haplotypes, which may be helpful in DNA analysis and genetic counselling for HD, and represent independent evidence that the gene for HD is centromeric to more distally located DNA markers such as D4S90. This information may be helpful in defining a strategy to clone the gene for HD based on its location in the human genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Theilmann
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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Robbins C. No hablo Inglés! Tearing down the barriers between you and your staff. Exec Housekeep Today 1989; 10:12-4, 24-5. [PMID: 10294308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
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