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Boyce D, Wempe H, Campbell C, Fuehne S, Zylstra E, Smith G, Wingard C, Jones R. ADVERSE EVENTS ASSOCIATED WITH THERAPEUTIC DRY NEEDLING. Int J Sports Phys Ther 2020; 15:103-113. [PMID: 32089962 PMCID: PMC7015026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a paucity of literature about the adverse events associated with Therapeutic Dry Needling (TDN). Much of the literature surrounding adverse events associated with TDN has been extrapolated from the acupuncture literature. Given that acupuncture and TDN are distinctly different in their application and proposed mechanisms, adverse events associated with TDN should be examined specifically. PURPOSE To determine and report the type of adverse events associated with the utilization of TDN. STUDY DESIGN Prospective Questionnaire. METHODS Four hundred and twenty physical therapists participated in this study. Information related to minor and major adverse events that occurred during 20,464 TDN treatment sessions was collected. Each physical therapist respondent was asked to fill out two weekly self-reported electronic surveys over a six-week period. One survey was related to "minor adverse events" (i.e. pain, bleeding, bruising), while the other was related to "major adverse events" (i.e. pneumothorax, excessive bleeding, prolonged aggravation). Following the six-week period, descriptive statistics were used to describe the adverse events (AE) associated with TDN and calculate the frequencies of those events. RESULTS A total of 7,531 minor AE's were reported, indicating that 36.7% of the reported TDN treatments resulted in a minor AE. The top three minor AE's were bleeding (16%), bruising (7.7%), and pain during dry needling (5.9 %). The average ratio of minor AE's for all respondents across all weeks was 0.53 or approximately one event for every two patients. Twenty major AE's were reported out of the 20,494 treatments for a rate of <0.1% (1 per 1,024 TDN treatments). No associations were noted between the frequency of adverse events and the number of patients treated, practitioner age, level of education, years in practice, level of training or months experience with dry needling. CONCLUSION Expected minor AE's such as mild bleeding, bruising, and pain during TDN were common and major AE's were rare. Physical therapists and other medical practitioners need to be aware of the risks of TDN. Based on the findings of this study the overall risk of a major adverse event during TDN is small. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 3, survey research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Boyce
- Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Hannah Wempe
- Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Spencer Fuehne
- Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Grant Smith
- Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program, Louisville, KY, USA
| | | | - Richard Jones
- Bellarmine University Physical Therapy Program, Louisville, KY, USA
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Sumner SCJ, Snyder RW, Wingard C, Mortensen NP, Holland NA, Shannahan JH, Dhungana S, Pathmasiri W, Han L, Lewin AH, Fennell TR. Distribution and biomarkers of carbon-14-labeled fullerene C60 ([(14) C(U)]C60 ) in female rats and mice for up to 30 days after intravenous exposure. J Appl Toxicol 2015. [PMID: 25727383 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3110.distribution] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive distribution study was conducted in female rats and mice exposed to a suspension of uniformly carbon-14-labeled C60 ([(14) C(U)]C60 ). Rodents were administered [(14) C(U)]C60 (~0.9 mg kg(-1) body weight) or 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone-saline vehicle alone via a single tail vein injection. Tissues were collected at 1 h and 1, 7, 14 and 30 days after administration. A separate group of rodents received five daily injections of suspensions of either [(14) C(U)]C60 or vehicle with tissue collection 14 days post exposure. Radioactivity was detected in over 20 tissues at all time points. The highest concentration of radioactivity in rodents at each time point was in liver, lungs and spleen. Elimination of [(14) C(U)]C60 was < 2% in urine and feces at any 24 h time points. [(14) C(U)]C60 and [(14) C(U)]C60 -retinol were detected in liver of rats and together accounted for ~99% and ~56% of the total recovered at 1 and 30 days postexposure, respectively. The blood radioactivity at 1 h after [(14) C(U)]C60 exposure was fourfold higher in rats than in mice; blood radioactivity was still in circulation at 30 days post [(14) C(U)]C60 exposure in both species (<1%). Levels of oxidative stress markers increased by 5 days after exposure and remained elevated, while levels of inflammation markers initially increased and then returned to control values. The level of cardiovascular marker von Willebrand factor, increased in rats, but remained at control levels in mice. This study demonstrates that [(14) C(U)]C60 is retained in female rodents with little elimination by 30 days after i.v. exposure, and leads to systemic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C J Sumner
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Suraj Dhungana
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Li Han
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anita H Lewin
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Holland N, Harris G, Lust R, Wingard C. Exposure to Diesel Exhaust Particles Drive Expansion of Cardiac Ischemia‐Reperfusion Injury via Interleukin‐6 Trans‐Signaling in Male Sprague‐Dawley Rats. FASEB J 2015. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.29.1_supplement.1049.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan Holland
- PhysiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUnited States
| | - Gregory Harris
- Cardiovascular Sciences East Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUnited States
| | - Robert Lust
- PhysiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNCUnited States
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Sumner SCJ, Snyder RW, Wingard C, Mortensen NP, Holland NA, Shannahan JH, Dhungana S, Pathmasiri W, Han L, Lewin AH, Fennell TR. Distribution and biomarkers of carbon-14-labeled fullerene C60 ([(14) C(U)]C60 ) in female rats and mice for up to 30 days after intravenous exposure. J Appl Toxicol 2015; 35:1452-64. [PMID: 25727383 DOI: 10.1002/jat.3110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive distribution study was conducted in female rats and mice exposed to a suspension of uniformly carbon-14-labeled C60 ([(14) C(U)]C60 ). Rodents were administered [(14) C(U)]C60 (~0.9 mg kg(-1) body weight) or 5% polyvinylpyrrolidone-saline vehicle alone via a single tail vein injection. Tissues were collected at 1 h and 1, 7, 14 and 30 days after administration. A separate group of rodents received five daily injections of suspensions of either [(14) C(U)]C60 or vehicle with tissue collection 14 days post exposure. Radioactivity was detected in over 20 tissues at all time points. The highest concentration of radioactivity in rodents at each time point was in liver, lungs and spleen. Elimination of [(14) C(U)]C60 was < 2% in urine and feces at any 24 h time points. [(14) C(U)]C60 and [(14) C(U)]C60 -retinol were detected in liver of rats and together accounted for ~99% and ~56% of the total recovered at 1 and 30 days postexposure, respectively. The blood radioactivity at 1 h after [(14) C(U)]C60 exposure was fourfold higher in rats than in mice; blood radioactivity was still in circulation at 30 days post [(14) C(U)]C60 exposure in both species (<1%). Levels of oxidative stress markers increased by 5 days after exposure and remained elevated, while levels of inflammation markers initially increased and then returned to control values. The level of cardiovascular marker von Willebrand factor, increased in rats, but remained at control levels in mice. This study demonstrates that [(14) C(U)]C60 is retained in female rodents with little elimination by 30 days after i.v. exposure, and leads to systemic oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan C J Sumner
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Rodney W Snyder
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Christopher Wingard
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Ninell P Mortensen
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Nathan A Holland
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Jonathan H Shannahan
- Department of Physiology, Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC, USA
| | - Suraj Dhungana
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Wimal Pathmasiri
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Li Han
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Anita H Lewin
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Timothy R Fennell
- Discovery - Science - Technology, RTI International, 3040 Cornwallis Drive, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
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Huizar I, Malur A, Patel J, McPeek M, Dobbs L, Wingard C, Barna BP, Thomassen MJ. The role of PPARγ in carbon nanotube-elicited granulomatous lung inflammation. Respir Res 2013; 14:7. [PMID: 23343389 PMCID: PMC3560264 DOI: 10.1186/1465-9921-14-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2013] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Although granulomatous inflammation is a central feature of many disease processes, cellular mechanisms of granuloma formation and persistence are poorly understood. Carbon nanoparticles, which can be products of manufacture or the environment, have been associated with granulomatous disease. This paper utilizes a previously described carbon nanoparticle granuloma model to address the issue of whether peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), a nuclear transcription factor and negative regulator of inflammatory cytokines might play a role in granulomatous lung disease. PPARγ is constitutively expressed in alveolar macrophages from healthy individuals but is depressed in alveolar macrophages of patients with sarcoidosis, a prototypical granulomatous disease. Our previous study of macrophage-specific PPARγ KO mice had revealed an intrinsically inflammatory pulmonary environment with an elevated pro-inflammatory cytokines profile as compared to wild-type mice. Based on such observations we hypothesized that PPARγ expression would be repressed in alveolar macrophages from animals bearing granulomas induced by MWCNT instillation. Methods Wild-type C57Bl/6 and macrophage-specific PPARγ KO mice received oropharyngeal instillations of multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) (100 μg). Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) cells, BAL fluids, and lung tissues were obtained 60 days post-instillation for analysis of granuloma histology and pro-inflammatory cytokines (osteopontin, CCL2, and interferon gamma [IFN-γ] mRNA and protein expression. Results In wild-type mice, alveolar macrophage PPARγ expression and activity were significantly reduced in granuloma-bearing animals 60 days after MWCNT instillation. In macrophage-specific PPARγ KO mice, granuloma formation was more extensive than in wild-type at 60 days after MWCNT instillation. PPARγ KO mice also demonstrated elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine expression in lung tissue, laser-microdissected lung granulomas, and BAL cells/fluids, at 60 days post MWCNT exposure. Conclusions Overall, data indicate that PPARγ deficiency promotes inflammation and granuloma formation, suggesting that PPARγ functions as a negative regulator of chronic granulomatous inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isham Huizar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The Brody School of Medicine, East Carolina University, Greenville, NC 27834, USA
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La Favor J, Anderson E, Chaaban M, Hickner R, Wingard C. Time course of development of erectile dysfunction and coronary artery endothelial dysfunction in response to a western diet: influence of endothelial nitric oxide synthase uncoupling. FASEB J 2012. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.26.1_supplement.866.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Hickner
- KinesiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
- PhysiologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
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Sloan RC, Frasier C, Anderson E, Wingard C, Brown DA. Oxidation of myocardial glutathione increases susceptibility to ventricular arrhythmia in the aged diabetic heart. FASEB J 2010. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.24.1_supplement.597.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ethan Anderson
- Pharmacology and ToxicologyEast Carolina UniversityGreenvilleNC
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The combination of the independent risk factors for erectile dysfunction, obesity, hypertension, and diabetes are manifested collectively in a condition known as metabolic syndrome X. However, the exact mechanism(s) by which the combination of these factors contributes to erectile dysfunction have yet to be elucidated. AIM We hypothesized that protein kinase C (PKC) and Rho-kinase enhanced vascular tone and thus contributed to erectile dysfunction in this condition. METHODS Erectile function was evaluated by recording voltage-dependent increases in intracavernosal pressure following stimulation of the cavernosal nerve in 16- to 20-week-old lean and obese-diabetic Zucker rats. Cavernosal tissue contractile and relaxation responses were evaluated in vitro when contracted with phenylephrine, endothelin-1 and relaxed by Rho-kinase, PKC inhibitors or sodium nitroprusside. Additionally, cavernosal tissue Rho-kinase, protein kinase, and nitric oxide synthase isoform expression were evaluated by Western blot. RESULTS The voltage-dependent erectile responses were suppressed by >30% in the obese-diabetic Zucker rat. The maximal stress generated by cavernosal tissue from the obese-diabetic was significantly greater than the lean response by greater than 0.8 mN/mm(2) for both phenylephrine and endothelin stimulation. The PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, inhibited more than 30% of the phenylephrine-induced and 70% of the endothelin-1-induced contractions. Rho-kinase inhibition, with either Y-27632 or HA-1077, revealed impaired relaxations of nearly 30% in tissue from obese-diabetic animals. Western blot analysis revealed increased protein expression of PKC alpha and delta and Rho-kinase alpha and beta but no loss for endothelial or neuronal nitric oxide synthase. CONCLUSIONS In this rodent model both PKC and Rho-kinase signaling elements may contribute to an enhanced vasoconstriction state of the penile smooth muscle that was differentially dependent on the agonist used. The enhanced vasoconstrictive state of the tissue could contribute to the reduced voltage-dependent erectile response in the obese-diabetic Zucker rat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Wingard
- Brody School of Medicine at East Carolina University-Physiology, Greenville, NC, USA. wingarddc.ecu.edu
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Christ G, Wingard C. Calcium sensitization as a pharmacological target in vascular smooth-muscle regulation. Curr Opin Investig Drugs 2005; 6:920-33. [PMID: 16187692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Numerous diseases have been associated with alteration(s) in smooth-muscle cell tone (ie, heightened contraction and/or diminished relaxation), including vascular disorders such as hypertension, cerebral vasospasm, coronary vasospasm and erectile dysfunction. Given the numerous steps that occur between receptor activation, signal transduction and cellular activation in vascular smooth muscle, it is not surprising that the etiology of common cardiovascular diseases/disorders is multifactorial. Nonetheless, this review will highlight the potential importance of the relationship between intracellular calcium levels and force generation, referred to as calcium sensitization, to these disease processes. As such, the complexities of the overlapping biochemical systems/pathways that govern calcium sensitization in vascular myocytes are reviewed, and the possibility that alterations in calcium sensitization may provide a common link among distinct vascular disorders is explored. A corollary of this supposition is that improved knowledge and understanding of the intrinsically complex regulation of calcium sensitization will provide novel opportunities for improved therapy of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Christ
- Cell, Tissue and Organ Physiology Program, Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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