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Pakai-Stecina DT, Hout MC, Bali C, Zsido AN. Can the processing of task-irrelevant threatening stimuli be inhibited? - The role of shape and valence in the saliency of threatening objects. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2024; 243:104150. [PMID: 38271849 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2024.104150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have demonstrated that attention is quickly oriented towards threatening stimuli, and that this attentional bias is difficult to inhibit. The root cause(s) of this bias may be attributable to the affective (e.g., valence) or visual features (e.g., shape) of threats. In two experiments (behavioral, eye-tracking), we tested which features play a bigger role in the salience of threats. In both experiments, participants looked for a neutral target (butterfly, lock) among other neutral objects. In half of the trials a threatening (snake, gun) or nonthreatening (but visually similar; worm, hairdryer) task-irrelevant distractor was also present at a near or far distance from the target. Behavioral results indicate that both distractor types interfered with task performance. Rejecting nonthreatening distractors as nontargets was easier when they were presented further from the target but distance had no effect when the distractor was threatening. Eye-tracking results showed that participants fixated less often (and for less time) on threatening compared to nonthreatening distractors. They also viewed targets for less time when a threatening distractor was present (compared to nonthreatening). Results suggest that visual features of threats are easier to suppress than affective features, and the latter may have a stronger role in eliciting attentional biases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diána T Pakai-Stecina
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Michael C Hout
- Department of Psychology, New Mexico State University, United States
| | - Cintia Bali
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras N Zsido
- Institute of Psychology, Department of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Pécs, Hungary.
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Abstract
Emotionally salient objects activate the survival circuits of the brain and are given priority in cognitive processing, even at the cost of inhibiting ongoing activities. These circuits arouse and prepare the organism to take swift action when needed. Previous studies have suggested, however, that not all emotional dimensions are equally prioritized. Threatening stimuli may have greater prominence than other emotional categories. Thus, we sought to compare the effects that stimuli of varying emotions would have on orienting and executive attentional processing. We performed two experiments to broaden our understanding of the attentional consequences of threats through the monitoring of participants' eye movements. Participants were exposed to emotionally charged (threatening, nonthreatening negative, positive) and neutral pictures as task-irrelevant distractors while performing a primary visual search task (under conditions of varying cognitive load). Behavioural results showed that participants found the first target number more slowly when the distractor image was threatening, but overall task completion times were actually speeded in this condition (relative to other valences). Further, participants fixated on threatening distractor images earlier and observed them longer than other valences. Results were more pronounced when the primary task was harder. These biases were not evident for positive and nonthreatening images, presumably because participants were able to ignore them, providing further support to the contention that threatening stimuli hold greater prominence than other emotional categories. Together, our results are in line with previous studies suggesting that the processing of threatening stimuli is speeded, potentially because of differences in the brain circuits involved. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Bali C, Matuz-Budai T, Arato N, Labadi B, Zsido AN. Executive attention modulates the facilitating effect of electronic storybooks on information encoding in preschoolers. Heliyon 2023; 9:e12899. [PMID: 36685482 PMCID: PMC9853357 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Interactive features and multimedia elements in electronic storybooks might enhance knowledge acquisition in children due to the playful learning experience they provide. However, to date, there is no systematic research on the long-term efficacy of storybooks, and the individual cognitive factors that influence information processing when using these apps. Therefore, in Experiment 1, we focused on long-term improvements. Children (M = 5.55 years, SD = 0.51, N = 33) were divided into an Interactive App group (N = 16) and a Print Book group (N = 17), then they were exposed to a story. Their recall performance was measured immediately after the exposure and three weeks later. In Experiment 2, we focused on individual differences in cognitive factors (working memory and sustained attention). Children (M = 5.56 years, SD = 0.62, N = 32) were exposed to three stories with interactive, multimedia-only elements and an audio-only condition. Caregivers were asked to fill out the ADHD Rating Scale-IV regarding each child. According to our results, in Experiment 1, children in the Interactive App group performed better compared to the Print Book group and this improvement persisted over time. In Experiment 2, we replicated the results of Experiment 1, however, children with poorer sustained attentional abilities performed worse in multimedia and interactive conditions compared to the audio-only condition. Our results indicate that electronic storybooks can facilitate learning because they enhance encoding efficacy. However, the benefit is only evident in children with good attentional control abilities. Our results guide parents and educators on how to choose and design age-appropriate applications for learning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cintia Bali
- University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Ifjusag Street, 6., 7624, Pécs, Hungary,Corresponding author.
| | - Timea Matuz-Budai
- University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Ifjusag Street, 6., 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Arato
- Eotvos Lorand University, Institute of Psychology, Izabella Street, 46., 1064, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Beatrix Labadi
- University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Ifjusag Street, 6., 7624, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Andras Norbert Zsido
- University of Pécs, Institute of Psychology, Ifjusag Street, 6., 7624, Pécs, Hungary
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Balafa O, Georvasili V, Duni A, Batistatou A, Bali C. Candida parapsilosis Peritonitis-Macroscopic and Microscopic Appearances. Perit Dial Int 2017; 37:347-348. [PMID: 28512167 DOI: 10.3747/pdi.2016.00253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O Balafa
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - V Georvasili
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Duni
- Department of Nephrology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - A Batistatou
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
| | - C Bali
- Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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Ozmete O, Bali C, Bozdogan Ozyilkan N, Yalcin Cok O, Eker HE, Civi S, Aribogan A. Abstract PR276. Anesth Analg 2016. [DOI: 10.1213/01.ane.0000492673.82367.70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Ebel A, Bali C, Guis L, Merlin S. Performance evaluation of the Aptima® HIV-1 Quant Dx and Aptima® HBV Quant assays on the fully automated Panther in comparison to COBAS® AmpliPrep/COBAS® TaqMan® HIV-1 and HBV tests. J Clin Virol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2016.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lianos G, Bali C, Tatsis V, Anastasiadi Z, Lianou E, Papathanasiou V, Messinis T. Ectopic thyroid carcinoma. Case report. G Chir 2013; 34:114-116. [PMID: 23660162 PMCID: PMC3915575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Ectopic thyroid tissue can be found in many sites, including the tongue, thyroglossal duct, mediastinum, trachea, lung, aorta and abdomen. Ectopic thyroid tissue may also be involved in the same processes as normal, orthotopic thyroid gland. These processes include tumors, inflammation and hyperplasia. The appearance of such tissue in rare locations may lead to diagnostic and therapeutic dilemmas. CASE REPORT We report a rare case of ectopic thyroglossal thyroid carcinoma in a 63-year-old Caucasian male with a normal orthotopic thyroid gland. CONCLUSION Although 99% of thyroid cancers develop within the thyroid itself, in rare cases a carcinoma can arise in ectopic thyroid tissue located in the neck or in other areas of the body. Though rare, the possibility of an ectopic thyroid carcinoma must always be considered by the surgeon in cases of a pathological mass in the neck.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lianos
- University Hospital of loannina, Department of Surgery, Greece
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Georgiou GK, Bali C, Theodorou SJ, Zioga A, Fatouros M. Appendiceal diverticulitis in a femoral hernia causing necrotizing fasciitis of the right inguinal region: report of a unique case. Hernia 2011; 17:125-8. [PMID: 21541716 DOI: 10.1007/s10029-011-0822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
De Garengeot's hernia--a rare finding occurring mostly in women--is defined by the presence of the vermiform appendix within the sac of a femoral hernia. The incidence of appendicitis is rarer still, with less than a 100 cases reported to date. We present a unique case of an 84-year-old male patient with perforated appendiceal diverticulitis within a De Garengeot's hernia causing abscess and necrotizing infection of the overlying soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- G K Georgiou
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University Hospital of Ioannina, S. Niarchos Ave, 45500, Ioannina, Greece
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Bali C, Roukos DH, Ziogas DE. Follow-Up for Gastric Cancer: How Extensive and Intensive Should It Be? Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 17:941; author reply 942. [DOI: 10.1245/s10434-009-0821-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Bali C, Ziogas D, Fatouros E, Fatouros M. Is there a role for surgery in recurrent gastric cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2009; 16:1074-5; author reply 1076. [PMID: 19184233 DOI: 10.1245/s10434-008-0302-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2008] [Accepted: 11/12/2008] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Preoperative staging of rectal cancer is essential for the selection of the optimal treatment. This study aims to evaluate the accuracy of endorectal ultrasonography (EUS) in local staging of rectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS During a 4-year period, 33 patients with biopsy-proven rectal cancer underwent evaluation of the invasion of the rectal wall, the mesorectal lymph nodes status and the pelvic organs using EUS. We compared the EUS findings (uTN) to the histopathology examination of the resected specimens (pTN) according to TNM classification. RESULTS Most patients had T3 tumours. Overall accuracy in assessing the depth of rectal wall invasion (T) and the lymph node status was 79% and 59% respectively. Two patients previously treated by preoperative chemoradiation were correctly staged only for N stage. CONCLUSIONS EUS is a valuable diagnostic tool in local staging of rectal cancer. Progressively increasing experience will overcome the obstacles in accurate interpretation of ultrasound images.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bali
- Department of Surgery, Medical School, University of Ioannina, University Avenue, 45500 Ioannina, Greece.
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Bali C, Gurdet C, Hauer G, Handler I, Fischer R. [Evaluation of the effect of professional dental cleaning and education in dental hygiene in type 1 diabetic patients]. Acta Med Austriaca 2001; 26:159-62. [PMID: 11512193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
In the setting of a prospective, randomized trial the impact of professional oral hygiene and of intensive patient education in oral hygiene was investigated. It was studied, whether in young to middle-aged type 1 diabetic patients the risk or the progression of periodontal disease can be influenced during one year. Primary endpoint was bleeding at probing, secondary indices, the plaque index and probing pocket depth. 83 patients were enrolled, 70 completed the study according to the protocol. Oral cleansing was dramatically improved by education in the short term, however, the effect was much weaker after 6 and 12 months, respectively, although there remained some improvement compared to the basic level. Bleeding at probing increased in both groups, without reaching the level of statistical significance. Probing pocket depth increased in the intervention group weakly but significantly and remained unchanged in the control group. The tested intervention (professional oral hygiene, patient education in oral hygiene) could not improve the periodontal status in our type 1 patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bali
- Medizinischen Abteilung mit Stoffwechselkrankheiten und Nephrologie, L. Boltzmann-Institut für Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Ernährung, Krankenhauses der Stadt Wien-Lainz, Wolkersbergenstrasse 1, A-1130 Wien.
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Bali C, Bathelier C, Lucotte G. Détection directe par PCR de la mutation du facteur V Leiden: analyse routinière sur plus de 1 000 échantillons cliniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2532(99)80005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Bali C, Gurdet C, Irsigler K. [Retrospective analysis of the incidence of severe hypoglycemia in 458 type 1 diabetic patients]. Acta Med Austriaca 1998; 24:165-9. [PMID: 9480616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During 1 year a retrospective study concerning frequency and risk markers of severe hypoglycemia was conducted in type-1 diabetic patients undergoing their annual routine check-up. The aim was to contribute to the epidemiology of severe hypoglycemia and to investigate, whether severe hypoglycemia is associated with specific features of therapy (strategy of insulin treatment, level of metabolic control expressed as mean blood glucose and glycosilated hemoglobin, insulin species, use of betablocking agents) or with patient characteristics (age, duration of diabetes, awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms, late complications of diabetes). From the cohort of 710 eligible patients 458 agreed to participate in the study, 61% had experienced severe hypoglycemia at least once, 17% during the last year. The incidence calculated for the whole diabetes duration is 21/100 patient years, and for the last year 56/100 patient years. The following were risk markers for severe hypoglycemia: older age, longer duration of diabetes, reduced awareness of hypoglycemic symptoms, decreasing frequency of symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes, and lower HbA1c. No association was found with the following variables: Serum creatinine, autonomic neuropathy, use of betablocking agents, and presence of anti-insulin antibodies. Intensive insulin therapy with individualized treatment goals in terms of blood glucose control was successful in avoiding severe hypoglycemia in patients who had already experienced them before.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bali
- III. Medizinischen Abteilung mit Stoffwechselkrankheiten und Nephrologie, Krankenhaus Wien-Lainz und Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institut für Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Ernährung
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Diglas J, Bali C, Simon C, Strassegger-Böhm D, Irsigler K. [Follow-up of albumin excretion during pregnancy and post partum in type 1 diabetic patients in comparison with health pregnant probands]. Acta Med Austriaca 1998; 24:170-4. [PMID: 9480617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
32 diabetic and 31 metabolic healthy pregnant women are studied to answer the following questions: Is there a difference in the albumin-excretion rate (AER) during the pregnancy in primary normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetics and non-diabetics? Is there a difference 6 months post partum between the 2 groups? The average age of the diabetics (D) is 28, of the non-diabetics (ND) 27 years; the diabetics suffer from diabetes mellitus 12.5 years. In the 16th week of pregnancy, we find a AER (D vs. ND) of 5.0 vs. 2.37 micrograms/min (not significant [n.s.]), creatinin in serum 0.77 vs. 0.75 mg/dl (p < 0.05), creatinin clearance 92.5 vs. 103.4 ml/min (n.s.). In the 28th and in the 34th to 38th week, there is no significant elevation of the AER compared to the 16th week; but there is a significant elevation in the diabetics vs. the non-diabetics. 6 months post partum, the AER (D vs. ND) are: 6.13 vs. 5.11 micrograms/min (n.s. vs. 16th week and D vs. ND); in each group one person is found with a positive microalbuminuria (MA): 48.2 micrograms/min (D) and 27.4 mg/min (ND). Another diabetic woman shows post partum an isolated higher value of creatinin in serum: 1.5 mg/dl (without MA). This parameter is post partum significant higher (0.97 [D], 0.96 [ND] mg/dl) than in the 16th week of pregnancy (0.77 [D], 0.75 [ND] mg/dl). The creatinin clearance decreases post partum (pp): 92.2 ml/min (pp) vs. 102.0 ml/min (28th week) in the diabetics (n.s.) and 80.6 ml/min (pp) vs. 111.0 ml/min (28th week) in the non-diabetics (p < 0.05). Concerning the studied renal parameters, there is a significant difference of the albumin-excretion rates during the pregnancy between preconceptional normoalbuminuric type 1 diabetic and non-diabetic women, but 6 months post partum, there is no significant difference. The diabetics show a significant increase of the creatinin in urine and in serum and no significant change of the creatinin clearance 6 months post partum.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Diglas
- III. Medizinischen Abteilung für Stoffwechselerkrankungen und Ernährung, Krankenhauses der Stadt Wien-Lainz
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Lucotte G, Bathelier C, Lespiaux V, Bali C, Champenois T. Detection and genotyping of herpes simplex virus types 1 and 2 by polymerase chain reaction. Mol Cell Probes 1995; 9:287-90. [PMID: 8569766 DOI: 10.1016/s0890-8508(95)91508-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
A simple and rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) procedure was developed for simultaneous detection and typing of herpes simplex virus (HSV) types 1 and 2. It was possible to detect and type HSV using two primers pairs in a simultaneous double PCR reaction, where the type of HSV present was determined on the basis of an ethidium-bromide-stained band after agarose gel electrophoresis. This PCR assay was tested on about 500 clinical specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Lucotte
- International Institute of Anthropology, Paris, France
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Leodolter S, Quittan G, Bali C, Irsigler K. [Diabetes in pregnancy--the Lainz concept]. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 1993; 33 Suppl 1:174-6. [PMID: 8118258 DOI: 10.1159/000272207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Leodolter
- Arbeitskreis Diabetes und Schwangerschaft, KH Lainz/Wien
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Leodolter S, Quittan G, Medl M, Bali C, Irsigler K. [Is vaginal delivery at term in pregnant patients with disorders of carbohydrate metabolism a goal?]. Gynakol Geburtshilfliche Rundsch 1992; 32 Suppl 1:86-7. [PMID: 1286356 DOI: 10.1159/000271946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Regal H, Zdolsek I, Bali C, Irsigler K. [ExacTech--a new measuring system for personal control of blood glucose]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1989; 139:337-9. [PMID: 2773491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
ExacTech is a pen-sized glucose meter that uses an amperometric principle for blood glucose determination. Accuracy was assessed in 94 capillary blood samples by comparing the ExacTech values to the hexokinase method. Correlation between the methods was 0.983. 76% of ExacTech measurements were within +/- 10% of the reference method. Coefficients of variation for within run precision determined in two different blood glucose levels were 3.2% (81 mg/dl) and 4.2% (222 mg/dl) resp. 12 diabetic patients compared ExacTech to their reflectance meters. The ExacTech readings when correlated with the hexokinase method gave slightly better results than those obtained with common glucose meters. Patients acceptability of this novel measuring system was excellent.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Regal
- Medizinischen Abteilung, Krankenhaus Wien-Lainz
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Irsigler K, Leodolter S, Rosenkranz A, Bali C, Rost I, Fuchs G, Marcovich M, Ogris E. [Diabetes and pregnancy]. Wien Med Wochenschr 1985; 135:173-6. [PMID: 3890378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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