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Ammar N, Hildebrandt M, Geismann C, Röder C, Gemoll T, Sebens S, Trauzold A, Schäfer H. Monocarboxylate Transporter-1 (MCT1)-Mediated Lactate Uptake Protects Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Cells from Oxidative Stress during Glutamine Scarcity Thereby Promoting Resistance against Inhibitors of Glutamine Metabolism. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1818. [PMID: 37891897 PMCID: PMC10604597 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12101818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Metabolic compartmentalization of stroma-rich tumors, like pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), greatly contributes to malignancy. This involves cancer cells importing lactate from the microenvironment (reverse Warburg cells) through monocarboxylate transporter-1 (MCT1) along with substantial phenotype alterations. Here, we report that the reverse Warburg phenotype of PDAC cells compensated for the shortage of glutamine as an essential metabolite for redox homeostasis. Thus, oxidative stress caused by glutamine depletion led to an Nrf2-dependent induction of MCT1 expression in pancreatic T3M4 and A818-6 cells. Moreover, greater MCT1 expression was detected in glutamine-scarce regions within tumor tissues from PDAC patients. MCT1-driven lactate uptake supported the neutralization of reactive oxygen species excessively produced under glutamine shortage and the resulting drop in glutathione levels that were restored by the imported lactate. Consequently, PDAC cells showed greater survival and growth under glutamine depletion when utilizing lactate through MCT1. Likewise, the glutamine uptake inhibitor V9302 and glutaminase-1 inhibitor CB839 induced oxidative stress in PDAC cells, along with cell death and cell cycle arrest that were again compensated by MCT1 upregulation and forced lactate uptake. Our findings show a novel mechanism by which PDAC cells adapt their metabolism to glutamine scarcity and by which they develop resistance against anticancer treatments based on glutamine uptake/metabolism inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nourhane Ammar
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Maya Hildebrandt
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl-von-Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Philosophenweg 36, 26121 Oldenburg, Germany;
| | - Christian Röder
- TriBanK, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Timo Gemoll
- Section for Translational Surgical Oncology & Biobanking, Department of Surgery, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23562 Lübeck, Germany;
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
- TriBanK, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Ania Trauzold
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Str. 3, Bldg. U30, 24105 Kiel, Germany; (N.A.); (M.H.); (S.S.); (A.T.)
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Meinhardt C, List S, Chamieh AE, Fehrendt H, Meves V, Mohamed M, Müller J, Deneke T, Geismann C, Elsässer A, Arlt A, Halbfass P. High prevalence of incidental endoscopic findings at routine endoscopy after atrial fibrillation ablation: Do we need a screening endoscopy for the upper gastrointestinal tract in the general population? Eur J Intern Med 2023; 111:54-62. [PMID: 36797118 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejim.2023.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION High-power short-duration ablation (HPSD) is an effective therapy for atrial fibrillation with thermal esophageal injury as a rare but relevant side effect. AIM AND METHODS In this retrospective single-center analysis we evaluated the incidence and relevance of ablation-induced findings and the prevalence of ablation-independent incidental gastrointestinal findings. For 15 months all patients undergoing ablation were screened by postablation esophagogastroduodenoscopy. Pathological findings were followed up and treated if necessary. RESULTS 286 consecutive patients (66±10 years; 54.9% male) were included. 19.6% of patients showed ablation-associated alterations (10.8% esophageal lesions, 10.8% gastroparesis, 1.7% both findings). Logistic multivariable regression analysis confirmed an influence of lower BMI on the occurrence of RFA-associated endoscopic findings (OR 0.936, 95% CI 0.878-0.997, p<0.05). 48.3% of patients demonstrated incidental gastrointestinal findings. In 1.0% neoplastic lesions were present, 9.4% showed precancerous lesions and in 4.2% neoplastic lesions of unknown dignity were found requiring further diagnostics or therapy. 18.1% of patients demonstrated findings associated with a potentially increased risk of bleeding under anticoagulation. Patients with clinically relevant incidental findings were significantly more often male, 68.8% vs. 49.5% (p<0.01). CONCLUSION HPSD ablation is safe, no devasting complication occurred in any patient. It resulted in 19.6% ablation-induced thermal injury whereas incidental findings of the upper GI tract were found in 48.3% of patients. Due to the high prevalence of 14.7% of findings requiring further diagnostics, therapy, or surveillance in a cohort that is mimicking the general population, screening endoscopy of the upper GI tract seems to be reasonable in the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Meinhardt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Stephan List
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invasive Cardiology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Elias Chamieh
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Hinrich Fehrendt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Volker Meves
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Moustafa Mohamed
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Julian Müller
- Department of Invasive Electrophysiology, Heart Center Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Department of Invasive Electrophysiology, Heart Center Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt an der Saale, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Albrecht Elsässer
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invasive Cardiology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine and Gastroenterology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany.
| | - Philipp Halbfass
- Department of Internal Medicine and Invasive Cardiology, Carl von Ossietzky University Oldenburg, Germany
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Geismann C, Hauser C, Grohmann F, Schneeweis C, Bölter N, Gundlach JP, Schneider G, Röcken C, Meinhardt C, Schäfer H, Schreiber S, Arlt A. NF-κB/RelA controlled A20 limits TRAIL-induced apoptosis in pancreatic cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:3. [PMID: 36596765 PMCID: PMC9810737 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05535-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The emergence of resistance to systemic therapies in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is still a major obstacle in clinical practice. Both, constitutive and inducible NF-κB activity are known as key players in this context. To identify differentially expressed and TRAIL resistance mediating NF-κB target genes, TRAIL sensitive and resistant PDAC cell lines were analyzed by transcriptome assays. In this context, A20 was identified as an NF-κB/RelA inducible target gene. Translational PDAC tissue analysis confirmed the correlation of elevated A20 protein expression with activated RelA expression in PDAC patients. In in vitro experiments, an elevated A20 expression is accompanied by a specific resistance toward TRAIL-mediated apoptosis but not to chemotherapeutic-induced cell death. This TRAIL resistance was attributed to A20´s E3-ligase activity-mediating Zink finger domain. Furthermore, the ubiquitin-binding scaffold protein p62 was identified as indispensable for the TRAIL-mediated apoptosis-inducing pathway affected by A20. The results of this study identify A20 as a possible therapeutic target to affect resistance to TRAIL-induced apoptosis in PDAC cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Frauke Grohmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Christian Schneeweis
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Nico Bölter
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Günter Schneider
- University Medical Center Göttingen, Department of General, Visceral and Pediatric Surgery, Göttingen, Germany
| | | | - Christian Meinhardt
- University Department for Gastroenterology, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, European Medical School (EMS), Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- University Department for Gastroenterology, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, European Medical School (EMS), Oldenburg, Germany.
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Noubissi Nzeteu GA, Geismann C, Arlt A, Hoogwater FJH, Nijkamp MW, Meyer NH, Bockhorn M. Role of Epithelial-to-Mesenchymal Transition for the Generation of Circulating Tumors Cells and Cancer Cell Dissemination. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14225483. [PMID: 36428576 PMCID: PMC9688619 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14225483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor-related death is primarily caused by metastasis; consequently, understanding, preventing, and treating metastasis is essential to improving clinical outcomes. Metastasis is mainly governed by the dissemination of tumor cells in the systemic circulation: so-called circulating tumor cells (CTCs). CTCs typically arise from epithelial tumor cells that undergo epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), resulting in the loss of cell-cell adhesions and polarity, and the reorganization of the cytoskeleton. Various oncogenic factors can induce EMT, among them the transforming growth factor (TGF)-β, as well as Wnt and Notch signaling pathways. This entails the activation of numerous transcription factors, including ZEB, TWIST, and Snail proteins, acting as transcriptional repressors of epithelial markers, such as E-cadherin and inducers of mesenchymal markers such as vimentin. These genetic and phenotypic changes ultimately facilitate cancer cell migration. However, to successfully form distant metastases, CTCs must primarily withstand the hostile environment of circulation. This includes adaption to shear stress, avoiding being trapped by coagulation and surviving attacks of the immune system. Several applications of CTCs, from cancer diagnosis and screening to monitoring and even guided therapy, seek their way into clinical practice. This review describes the process leading to tumor metastasis, from the generation of CTCs in primary tumors to their dissemination into distant organs, as well as the importance of subtyping CTCs to improve personalized and targeted cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Aime Noubissi Nzeteu
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24118 Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department for Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Oldenburg, Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, European Medical School (EMS), 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Frederik J. H. Hoogwater
- Section of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten W. Nijkamp
- Section of HPB Surgery & Liver Transplantation, Department of Surgery, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 GZ Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - N. Helge Meyer
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-441-798-5041
| | - Maximilian Bockhorn
- University Hospital of General and Visceral Surgery, Department of Human Medicine, University of Oldenburg and Klinikum Oldenburg, 26129 Oldenburg, Germany
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Abstract
With a five-year survival rate under 9%, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the deadliest tumors. Although the treatment options are slightly improving, PDAC is the second leading cause of cancer related death in 2020 in the US. In addition to a pronounced desmoplastic stroma reaction, pancreatic cancer is characterized by one of the lowest levels of oxygen availability within the tumor mass and these hypoxic conditions are known to contribute to tumor development and progression. In this context, the major hypoxia associated transcription factor family, HIF, regulates hundreds of genes involved in angiogenesis, metabolism, migration, invasion, immune escape and therapy resistance. Current research implications show, that hypoxia also modulates diverse areas of epigenetic mechanisms like non-coding RNAs, histone modifications or DNA methylation, which cooperate with the hypoxia-induced transcription factors as well as directly regulate the hypoxic response pathways. In this review, we will focus on hypoxia-mediated epigenetic alterations and their impact on pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany;
- Department for Gastroenterology, European Medical School (EMS), Klinikum Oldenburg AöR, 26133 Oldenburg, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-441-403-2581
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6
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Geismann C, Schäfer H, Gundlach JP, Hauser C, Egberts JH, Schneider G, Arlt A. NF-κB Dependent Chemokine Signaling in Pancreatic Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101445. [PMID: 31561620 PMCID: PMC6826905 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer is one of the carcinomas with the worst prognoses, as shown by its five-year survival rate of 9%. Although there have been new therapeutic innovations, the effectiveness of these therapies is still limited, resulting in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) becoming the second leading cause of cancer-related death in 2020 in the US. In addition to tumor cell intrinsic resistance mechanisms, this disease exhibits a complex stroma consisting of fibroblasts, immune cells, neuronal and vascular cells, along with extracellular matrix, all conferring therapeutic resistance by several mechanisms. The NF-κB pathway is involved in both the tumor cell-intrinsic and microenvironment-mediated therapeutic resistance by regulating the transcription of a plethora of target genes. These genes are involved in nearly all scenarios described as the hallmarks of cancer. In addition to classical regulators of apoptosis, NF-κB regulates the expression of chemokines and their receptors, both in the tumor cells and in cells of the microenvironment. These chemokines mediate autocrine and paracrine loops among tumor cells but also cross-signaling between tumor cells and the stroma. In this review, we will focus on NF-κB-mediated chemokine signaling, with an emphasis on therapy resistance in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
| | | | | | | | - Günter Schneider
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, 81675 Munich, Germany.
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine I, UKSH-Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Germany.
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7
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Flachsbart F, Dose J, Gentschew L, Geismann C, Caliebe A, Knecht C, Nygaard M, Badarinarayan N, ElSharawy A, May S, Luzius A, Torres GG, Jentzsch M, Forster M, Häsler R, Pallauf K, Lieb W, Derbois C, Galan P, Drichel D, Arlt A, Till A, Krause-Kyora B, Rimbach G, Blanché H, Deleuze JF, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Nothnagel M, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Franke A, Sebens S, Nebel A. Publisher Correction: Identification and characterization of two functional variants in the human longevity gene FOXO3. Nat Commun 2018; 9:320. [PMID: 29339726 PMCID: PMC5770466 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-02842-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Flachsbart
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liljana Gentschew
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolin Knecht
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdou ElSharawy
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Faculty of Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Damietta University, 34511, New Damietta City, Egypt
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guillermo G Torres
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pallauf
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Céline Derbois
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine CNRGH-CEA, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité-UREN, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, U557 Inserm, U1125 Inra, Cnam, Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology and Life & Brain GmbH, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine CNRGH-CEA, 91000, Evry, France.,Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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8
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Flachsbart F, Dose J, Gentschew L, Geismann C, Caliebe A, Knecht C, Nygaard M, Badarinarayan N, ElSharawy A, May S, Luzius A, Torres GG, Jentzsch M, Forster M, Häsler R, Pallauf K, Lieb W, Derbois C, Galan P, Drichel D, Arlt A, Till A, Krause-Kyora B, Rimbach G, Blanché H, Deleuze JF, Christiansen L, Christensen K, Nothnagel M, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Franke A, Sebens S, Nebel A. Identification and characterization of two functional variants in the human longevity gene FOXO3. Nat Commun 2017; 8:2063. [PMID: 29234056 PMCID: PMC5727304 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02183-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
FOXO3 is consistently annotated as a human longevity gene. However, functional variants and underlying mechanisms for the association remain unknown. Here, we perform resequencing of the FOXO3 locus and single-nucleotide variant (SNV) genotyping in three European populations. We find two FOXO3 SNVs, rs12206094 and rs4946935, to be most significantly associated with longevity and further characterize them functionally. We experimentally validate the in silico predicted allele-dependent binding of transcription factors (CTCF, SRF) to the SNVs. Specifically, in luciferase reporter assays, the longevity alleles of both variants show considerable enhancer activities that are reversed by IGF-1 treatment. An eQTL database search reveals that the alleles are also associated with higher FOXO3 mRNA expression in various human tissues, which is in line with observations in long-lived model organisms. In summary, we present experimental evidence for a functional link between common intronic variants in FOXO3 and human longevity. FOXO3 is one of the few established longevity genes. Here, the authors fine-map the FOXO3-longevity association to two intronic SNPs and, using luciferase assays and EMSAs, show that these SNPs affect binding of transcription factors CTCF and SRF and associate with FOXO3 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Friederike Flachsbart
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Janina Dose
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Liljana Gentschew
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amke Caliebe
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Carolin Knecht
- Institute of Medical Informatics and Statistics, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Brunswiker Straße 10, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marianne Nygaard
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Nandini Badarinarayan
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Abdou ElSharawy
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Faculty of Sciences, Division of Biochemistry, Chemistry Department, Damietta University, 34511, New Damietta City, Egypt
| | - Sandra May
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anne Luzius
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Guillermo G Torres
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marlene Jentzsch
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Michael Forster
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Kathrin Pallauf
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Lieb
- Institute of Epidemiology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Niemannsweg 11, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Céline Derbois
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine CNRGH-CEA, 91000, Evry, France
| | - Pilar Galan
- Université Sorbonne Paris Cité-UREN, Unité de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle, U557 Inserm, U1125 Inra, Cnam, Université Paris 13, CRNH IdF, 93000, Bobigny, France
| | - Dmitriy Drichel
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Till
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Institute of Reconstructive Neurobiology and Life & Brain GmbH, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Straße 25, 53127, Bonn, Germany
| | - Ben Krause-Kyora
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Kahlaische Straße 10, 07745, Jena, Germany
| | - Gerald Rimbach
- Institute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, Kiel University, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6, 24118, Kiel, Germany
| | - Hélène Blanché
- Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine CNRGH-CEA, 91000, Evry, France.,Fondation Jean Dausset-Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain (CEPH), 27 Rue Juliette Dodu, 75010, Paris, France
| | - Lene Christiansen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Kaare Christensen
- The Danish Aging Research Center, and the Danish Twin Registry, Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Biodemography, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, J. B. Winslows Vej 9B, 5000, Odense C, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Genetics, and Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Odense University Hospital, Sdr. Boulevard 29, 5000, Odense C, Denmark
| | - Michael Nothnagel
- Department of Statistical Genetics and Bioinformatics, Cologne Center for Genomics, University of Cologne, Weyertal 115b, 50931, Cologne, Germany
| | - Philip Rosenstiel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.,Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andre Franke
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Straße 3, 24105, Kiel, Germany
| | - Almut Nebel
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, Kiel University, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Rosalind-Franklin-Straße 12, 24105, Kiel, Germany.
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9
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Geismann C, Grohmann F, Dreher A, Häsler R, Rosenstiel P, Legler K, Hauser C, Egberts JH, Sipos B, Schreiber S, Linkermann A, Hassan Z, Schneider G, Schäfer H, Arlt A. Role of CCL20 mediated immune cell recruitment in NF-κB mediated TRAIL resistance of pancreatic cancer. Biochim Biophys Acta 2017; 1864:782-796. [PMID: 28188806 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2017.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 01/25/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the deadliest cancers. From a clinical view, the transcription factor NF-κB is of particular importance, since this pathway confers apoptosis resistance and limits drug efficacy. Whereas the role of the most abundant NF-κB subunit p65/RelA in therapeutic resistance is well documented, only little knowledge of the RelA downstream targets and their functional relevance in TRAIL mediated apoptosis in PDAC is available. In the present study TRAIL resistant and sensitive PDAC cell lines were analyzed for differentially expressed RelA target genes, to define RelA downstream targets mediating TRAIL resistance. The most upregulated target gene was then further functionally characterized. Unbiased genome-wide expression analysis demonstrated that the chemokine CCL20 represents the strongest TRAIL inducible direct RelA target gene in resistant PDAC cells. Unexpectedly, targeting CCL20 by siRNA, blocking antibodies or by downregulation of the sole CCL20 receptor CCR6 had no effect on PDAC cell death or cancer cell migration, arguing against an autocrine role of CCL20 in PDAC. However, by using an ex vivo indirect co-culture system we were able to show that CCL20 acts paracrine to recruit immune cells. Importantly, CCL20-recruited immune cells further increase TRAIL resistance of CCL20-producing PDAC cells. In conclusion, our data show a functional role of a RelA-CCL20 pathway in PDAC TRAIL resistance. We demonstrate how the therapy-induced cross-talk of cancer cells with immune cells affects treatment responses, knowledge needed to tailor novel bi-specific treatments, which target tumor cell as well as immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Frauke Grohmann
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Anita Dreher
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany
| | | | - Karen Legler
- Division of Molecular Oncology, Institute for Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | | | | | - Bence Sipos
- Institute of Pathology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Stefan Schreiber
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Andreas Linkermann
- Clinic for Nephrology and Hypertension, Christian-Albrechts-University, Kiel, Germany
| | - Zonera Hassan
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Günter Schneider
- Technische Universität München, Klinikum rechts der Isar, II. Medizinische Klinik, Munich, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany; Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, UKSH Campus Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany.
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10
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Geismann C, Schneider G, Schafer H, Arlt A. Role of CCL20 in NF-κB mediated TRAIL resistance of pancreatic cancer cell lines. Eur J Cancer 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(16)32676-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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11
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Geismann C, Grohmann F, Häsler R, Rosenstiel P, Schneider G, Zeissig S, Schreiber S, Schäfer H, Arlt A. Abstract B114: c-Rel is a critical mediator of NF-κB dependent TRAIL resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. Cancer Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.panca2014-b114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
NF-κB has been shown to be critical for resistance of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) against chemotherapeutic drug and death receptor induced apoptosis, but little is known about the role of the c-Rel subunit.
In the present study, by analysis of genome-wide patterns of c-Rel dependent gene expression we were able to establish c-Rel as a critical regulator of TRAIL induced apoptosis in PDAC. Transfection with siRNA against c-Rel sensitized the TRAIL resistant PDAC cells and EMSA revealed that c-Rel is part of the TRAIL inducible NF-κB complex. Array analysis identified NFATc2 as a critical downstream target of c-Rel in PDAC. In line, siRNA targeting c-Rel strongly reduced TRAIL induced NFATc2 activity and siRNA targeting NFATc2 sensitized PDAC cells against TRAIL induced apoptosis. Finally, TRAIL induced expression of COX-2 was diminished through siRNA targeting c-Rel or NFATc2 and pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 with celecoxib enhanced TRAIL apoptosis.
In conclusion, we were able to delineate a novel c-Rel, NFATc2 and COX-2 dependent anti-apoptotic signalling pathway in PDAC with broad clinical implications for pharmaceutical intervention strategies.
Citation Format: Claudia Geismann, Frauke Grohmann, Robert Häsler, Philip Rosenstiel, Günter Schneider, Sebastian Zeissig, Stefan Schreiber, Heiner Schäfer, Alexander Arlt. c-Rel is a critical mediator of NF-κB dependent TRAIL resistance of pancreatic cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B114.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Häsler
- Universityhospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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12
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Geismann C, Grohmann F, Wirths G, Sebens S, Dreher A, Häsler R, Zeissig S, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P, Schäfer H, Arlt A. Abstract 2273: c-Rel is a critical mediator of NF-κB-dependent apoptosis resistance of pancreatic cancer cells against TRAIL. Cancer Res 2014. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2014-2273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) represents one of the deadliest malignancies with an overall life expectancy of six months despite palliative radio-chemotherapy. The transcription factor NF-κB has been shown to be a critical component of dysregulated transcription factor activity conferring this profound resistance against chemotherapeutic drugs and death receptor induced apoptosis. Despite extensive data on the role of the most abundant NF-κB subunit p65/RelA in PDAC apoptosis control, only little knowledge of the role of the subunit c-Rel in solid cancers exists. In the present study, three pancreatic carcinoma cell lines (Panc1, Patu8988t, MiaPaca2) were analysed for the role of c-Rel in resistance against TRAIL induced apoptosis. TRAIL resistant Panc1 and Patu8988 cells exhibit a strong TRAIL inducible NF-κB activity, whereas TRAIL sensitive MiaPaca2 cells displayed only a small increase in NF-κB binding activity. Transfection with siRNA against the c-Rel subunit of NF-κB sensitized the TRAIL resistant cells in a comparable fashion like siRNA targeting the p65/RelA subunit. Gel shift analysis revealed that together with the p65/RelA subunit, c-Rel is part of the TRAIL inducible NF-κB complex in PDAC. Array analysis results suggested NFATc2 as a c-Rel target gene that is one of the 15 strongest TRAIL inducible genes in apoptosis-resistant Panc1 cells. siRNA targeting c-Rel strongly reduced TRAIL induced NFATc2 activity in TRAIL resistant PDAC cells. Furthermore siRNA targeting NFATc2 sensitized these PDAC cells against TRAIL induced apoptosis. Finally, TRAIL induced expression of COX-2 was strongly reduced through siRNA targeting c-Rel or NFATc2 and pharmacological inhibition of COX-2 with celecoxib strongly increased TRAIL apoptosis.
In conclusion, c-Rel is a critical mediator of NF-κB dependent anti-apoptotic signalling in PDAC through activation of NFATc2 and COX-2.
Citation Format: Claudia Geismann, Frauke Grohmann, Gabriele Wirths, Susanne Sebens, Anita Dreher, Robert Häsler, Sebastian Zeissig, Stefan Schreiber, Philip Rosenstiel, Heiner Schäfer, Alexander Arlt. c-Rel is a critical mediator of NF-κB-dependent apoptosis resistance of pancreatic cancer cells against TRAIL. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 2273. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-2273
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Anita Dreher
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
| | - Robert Häsler
- University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Kiel, Germany
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13
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Abstract
Nrf2 has gained great attention with respect to its pivotal role in cell and tissue protection. Primarily defending cells against metabolic, xenobiotic and oxidative stress, Nrf2 is essential for maintaining tissue integrity. Owing to these functions, Nrf2 is regarded as a promising drug target in the chemoprevention of diseases, including cancer. However, much evidence has accumulated that the beneficial role of Nrf2 in cancer prevention essentially depends on the tight control of its activity. In fact, the deregulation of Nrf2 is a critical determinant in oncogenesis and found in many types of cancer. Therefore, amplified Nrf2 activity has profound effects on the phenotype of tumor cells, including radio/chemoresistance, apoptosis protection, invasiveness, antisenescence, autophagy deficiency, and angiogenicity. The deregulation of Nrf2 can result from various epigenetic and genetic alterations directly affecting Nrf2 control or from the complex interplay of Nrf2 with numerous oncogenic signaling pathways. Additionally, alterations of the cellular environment, eg, during inflammation, contribute to Nrf2 deregulation and its persistent activation. Therefore, the status of Nrf2 as anti- or protumorigenic is defined by many different modalities. A better understanding of these modalities is essential for the safe use of Nrf2 as an activation target for chemoprevention on the one hand and as an inhibition target in cancer therapy on the other. The present review mainly addresses the conditions that promote the oncogenic function of Nrf2 and the resulting consequences providing the rationale for using Nrf2 as a target structure in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Alexander Arlt
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Susanne Sebens
- Inflammatory Carcinogenesis Research Group, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig-Holstein Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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14
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Stachel I, Geismann C, Aden K, Deisinger F, Rosenstiel P, Schreiber S, Sebens S, Arlt A, Schäfer H. Modulation of nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) activation by the stress response gene immediate early response-3 (IER3) in colonic epithelial cells: a novel mechanism of cellular adaption to inflammatory stress. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:1917-29. [PMID: 24311782 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.490920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Although nuclear factor E2-related factor-2 (Nrf2) protects from carcinogen-induced tumorigenesis, underlying the rationale for using Nrf2 inducers in chemoprevention, this antioxidative transcription factor may also act as a proto-oncogene. Thus, an enhanced Nrf2 activity promotes formation and chemoresistance of colon cancer. One mechanism causing persistent Nrf2 activation is the adaptation of epithelial cells to oxidative stress during chronic inflammation, e.g. colonocytes in inflammatory bowel diseases, and the multifunctional stress response gene immediate early response-3 (IER3) has a crucial role under these conditions. We now demonstrate that colonic tissue from Ier3(-/-) mice subject of dextran sodium sulfate colitis exhibit greater Nrf2 activity than Ier3(+/+) mice, manifesting as increased nuclear Nrf2 protein level and Nrf2 target gene expression. Likewise, human NCM460 colonocytes subjected to shRNA-mediated IER3 knockdown exhibit greater Nrf2 activity compared with control cells, whereas IER3 overexpression attenuated Nrf2 activation. IER3-deficient NCM460 cells exhibited reduced reactive oxygen species levels, indicating increased antioxidative protection, as well as lower sensitivity to TRAIL or anticancer drug-induced apoptosis and greater clonogenicity. Knockdown of Nrf2 expression reversed these IER3-dependent effects. Further, the enhancing effect of IER3 deficiency on Nrf2 activity relates to the control of the inhibitory tyrosine kinase Fyn by the PI3K/Akt pathway. Thus, the PI3K inhibitor LY294002 or knockdown of Akt or Fyn expression abrogated the impact of IER3 deficiency on Nrf2 activity. In conclusion, the interference of IER3 with the PI3K/Akt-Fyn pathway represents a novel mechanism of Nrf2 regulation that may get lost in tumors and by which IER3 exerts its stress-adaptive and tumor-suppressive activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imke Stachel
- From the Department of Internal Medicine 1, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel
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15
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Noth R, Häsler R, Stüber E, Ellrichmann M, Schäfer H, Geismann C, Hampe J, Bewig B, Wedel T, Böttner M, Schreiber S, Rosenstiel P, Arlt A. Oral glutamine supplementation improves intestinal permeability dysfunction in a murine acute graft-vs.-host disease model. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2013; 304:G646-54. [PMID: 23370678 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00246.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Although a profound barrier dysfunction has been reported, little is known about the pathophysiological mechanism evoking gastrointestinal graft-vs.-host disease (GI-GvHD) and apparent therapeutic options. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of oral glutamine on the course of GI-GvHD in an acute semiallogenic graft-vs.-host disease (GvHD) in irradiated B6D2F1 mice. An acute semiallogenic GvHD was induced by intraperitoneal injection of lymphocytes from C57BL/6 mice to irradiated B6D2F1 mice. Half of the GvHD animals received oral glutamine supplementation for 6 days started at the time of lymphocyte transfer. Six days after induction of the semiallogenic GvHD, jejunum specimens were prepared. The expression of the proinflammatory cytokine TNF-α and the tight junction protein occludin was investigated by PCR. Histological changes along with the apoptotic response were evaluated and intestinal permeability was assessed. Animals with GvHD showed a strong increase in paracellular permeability as a sign of the disturbed barrier function. TNF-α expression was significantly increased and the expression of the tight junction protein occludin decreased. GvHD led to mucosal atrophy, crypt hyperplasia, crypt apoptosis, and a disintegration of the tight junctions. Glutamine-treated mice showed reduced expression of TNF-α, increased occludin expression, fewer histological changes in the jejunum, smaller number of apoptotic cells in the crypt, and reduced gastrointestinal permeability. In conclusion, oral glutamine seems to have beneficial effects on the severity of inflammatory changes in the course of GvHD and might be a therapeutic option.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rainer Noth
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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16
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Arlt A, Krebs S, Geismann C, Kruse M, Schreiber S, Sebens S, Schafer H. 625 Nrf2 Inhibition by the Coffee Constituent Trigonelline Sensitizes Pancreatic Cancer Cells for Apoptosis by Death Ligands and Chemotherapeutic Drugs. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71274-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Sebens S, Bauer I, Geismann C, Grage-Griebenow E, Ehlers S, Kruse ML, Arlt A, Schäfer H. Inflammatory macrophages induce Nrf2 transcription factor-dependent proteasome activity in colonic NCM460 cells and thereby confer anti-apoptotic protection. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:40911-21. [PMID: 21990354 PMCID: PMC3220482 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m111.274902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Adaptation of epithelial cells to persistent oxidative stress plays an important role in inflammation-associated carcinogenesis. This adaptation process involves activation of Nrf2 (nuclear factor-E2-related factor-2), which has been recently shown to contribute to carcinogenesis through the induction of proteasomal gene expression and proteasome activity. To verify this possible link between inflammation, oxidative stress, and Nrf2-dependent proteasome activation, we explored the impact of inflammatory (M1) macrophages on the human colon epithelial cell line NCM460. Transwell cocultures with macrophages differentiated from granulocyte monocyte-colony-stimulating factor-treated monocytes led to an increased activity of Nrf2 in NCM460 cells along with an elevated proteasome activity. This higher proteasome activity resulted from Nrf2-dependent induction of proteasomal gene expression, as shown for the 19 and 20 S subunit proteins S5a and α5, respectively. These effects of macrophage coculture were preceded by an increase of reactive oxygen species in cocultured NCM460 cells and could be blocked by catalase or by the reactive oxygen species scavenger Tiron, whereas transient treatment of NCM460 cells with H(2)O(2) similarly led to Nrf2-dependent proteasome activation. Through the Nrf2-dependent increase of proteasomal gene expression and proteasome activity, the sensitivity of NCM460 cells to tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand- or irinotecan-induced apoptosis declined. These findings indicate that inflammatory conditions such as the presence of M1 macrophages and the resulting oxidative stress are involved in the Nrf2-dependent gain of proteasome activity in epithelial cells, e.g. colonocytes, giving rise of greater resistance to apoptosis. This mechanism might contribute to inflammation-associated carcinogenesis, e.g. of the colon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sebens
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany and
| | - Iris Bauer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
| | - Claudia Geismann
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
| | - Evelin Grage-Griebenow
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
- Institute for Experimental Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Schleswig Holstein-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany and
| | - Stefan Ehlers
- the Division of Molecular Inflammation Medicine, Research Center Borstel, Leibniz Center for Medicine & Biosciences, Borstel, Germany
| | - Marie-Luise Kruse
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
| | - Alexander Arlt
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
| | - Heiner Schäfer
- From the Department of Internal Medicine I, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology and
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18
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Schäfer H, Geismann C, Heneweer C, Egberts JH, Korniienko O, Kiefel H, Moldenhauer G, Bachem MG, Kalthoff H, Altevogt P, Sebens S. Myofibroblast-induced tumorigenicity of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells is L1CAM dependent. Carcinogenesis 2011; 33:84-93. [DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgr262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
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19
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Geismann C, Arlt A, Bauer I, Pfeifer M, Schirmer U, Altevogt P, Müerköster SS, Schäfer H. Binding of the transcription factor Slug to the L1CAM promoter is essential for transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β)-induced L1CAM expression in human pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells. Int J Oncol 2011; 38:257-266. [PMID: 21109948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Members of the Slug/Snail family of transcription factors are thought to drive epithelial-mesenchymal-transition (EMT) in preneoplastic epithelial cells, thereby contributing to malignant transformation. One mediator in the EMT of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cells and a potential target gene of Slug is the cellular adhesion molecule L1CAM. Using the human pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line H6c7 and the PDAC cell line Panc1, we could show that along with TGF-β1-induced EMT, L1CAM expression is increased in a Slug- but not Snail-dependent fashion. Two E-box recognition motifs in the L1CAM promoter upstream of the most distal transcriptional start site could be verified by gel shift and supershift assay to interact with Slug. ChIP assays detected an increased interaction of Slug with both recognition motifs of the human L1CAM promoter in TGF-β1-treated H6c7 cells, whereas binding of Snail was downregulated. Moreover, ChIP assays with Panc1 cells confirmed this interaction of Slug with the human L1CAM promoter and further detected an interaction of both recognition sites with RNA-polymerase II in a Slug-dependent fashion. Luciferase reporter gene assays using wild-type or single- and double-mutated variants of the L1CAM promoter confirmed transcriptional activation by Slug involving both recognition motifs. By demonstrating the direct transcriptional control of L1CAM expression through Slug during TGF-β1-induced EMT of PDAC cells, our findings point to a novel mechanism by which Slug contributes quite early to tumorigenesis. Moreover, our study is the first one describing the control of the human L1CAM promoter in tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology & Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Arnold-Heller-Strasse 3, Bldg. 6, 24105 Kiel, Germany
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Pfeifer M, Schirmer U, Geismann C, Schäfer H, Sebens S, Altevogt P. L1CAM expression in endometrial carcinomas is regulated by usage of two different promoter regions. BMC Mol Biol 2010; 11:64. [PMID: 20799950 PMCID: PMC2939505 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2199-11-64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/27/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) was originally identified as a neural adhesion molecule involved in axon guidance. In many human epithelial carcinomas L1CAM is overexpressed and thereby augments cell motility, invasion and metastasis formation. L1CAM positive carcinomas are associated with bad prognosis. Recent data point out that L1CAM is regulated in a fashion similar to epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Previous studies have implied the transcription factors Slug and/or β-catenin in L1CAM transcriptional regulation. However, the regulation of human L1CAM expression at the transcriptional level is not well understood. RESULTS To better understand the molecular basis of L1CAM transcriptional regulation, we carried out a detailed characterization of the human L1CAM promoter. We identified two transcription start sites, the first in front of a non-translated exon 0 (promoter 1) and the other next to the first protein-coding exon 1 (promoter 2). Both sites could be verified in endometrial carcinoma (EC) cell lines and appear to be used in a cell-type specific manner. The two identified promoter regions showed activity in luciferase reporter assays. Chromatin-IP analyses confirmed the in silico predicted E-boxes, binding sites for transcription factors Snail and Slug, as well as Lef-1 sites, which are related to β-catenin-mediated transcriptional regulation, in both promoters. Overexpression of β-catenin exclusively augmented activity of promoter 1 whereas Slug enhanced promoter 1 and 2 activity suggesting that both promoters can be active. Overexpression of β-catenin or Slug could upregulate L1CAM expression in a cell-type specific manner. CONCLUSIONS Our results, for the first time, provide evidence that the L1CAM gene has two functionally active promoter sites that are used in a cell-type specific manner. Slug and β-catenin are involved L1CAM transcriptional regulation. Nevertheless, Slug rather than β-catenin levels are correlated with L1CAM expression in EC cell lines. Our findings suggest that the L1CAM transcriptional regulation is more complex than anticipated and this study provides the basis for a better understanding of L1CAM regulation in non-neuronal/tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Pfeifer
- German Cancer Research Center, Department of Translational Immunology, Heidelberg, Germany
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Sebens S, Geismann C, Egberts J, Korniyenko L, Kalthoff H, Leisner D, Tsao M, Moldenhauer G, Altevogt P, Schäfer H. 865 Elevated L1CAM expression mediates malignant transformation and enhances tumourigenicity of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71659-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Geismann C, Morscheck M, Koch D, Bergmann F, Ungefroren H, Arlt A, Tsao MS, Bachem MG, Altevogt P, Sipos B, Fölsch UR, Schäfer H, Müerköster SS. Up-regulation of L1CAM in pancreatic duct cells is transforming growth factor beta1- and slug-dependent: role in malignant transformation of pancreatic cancer. Cancer Res 2009; 69:4517-26. [PMID: 19435915 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-08-3493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is thought to originate from ductal structures, exhibiting strong desmoplastic reaction with stromal pancreatic myofibroblasts (PMF), which are supposed to drive PDAC tumorigenesis. Previously, we observed high expression of the adhesion molecule L1CAM (CD171) in PDAC cells accounting for chemoresistance. Thus, this study aimed to investigate whether PMFs are involved in the induction of tumoral L1CAM and whether this contributes to malignant transformation of pancreatic ductal cells and PDAC tumorigenesis. Immunohistochemistry of tissues from chronic pancreatitis specimens revealed considerable L1CAM expression in ductal structures surrounded by dense fibrotic tissue, whereas no L1CAM staining was seen in normal pancreatic tissues. Using the human pancreatic duct cell line H6c7, we show that coculture with PMFs led to a transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-dependent up-regulation of L1CAM expression. Similarly, L1CAM expression increased in monocultured H6c7 cells after administration of exogenous TGF-beta1. Both TGF-beta1- and PMF-induced L1CAM expression were independent of Smad proteins but required c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase activation leading to the induction of the transcription factor Slug. Moreover, Slug interacted with the L1CAM promoter, and its knockdown abrogated the TGF-beta1- and PMF-induced L1CAM expression. As a result of L1CAM expression, H6c7 cells acquired a chemoresistant and migratory phenotype. This mechanism of TGF-beta1-induced L1CAM expression and the resulting phenotype could be verified in the TGF-beta1-responsive PDAC cell lines Colo357 and Panc1. Our data provide new insights into the mechanisms of tumoral L1CAM induction and how PMFs contribute to malignant transformation of pancreatic duct cells early in PDAC tumorigenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Geismann
- Clinic of Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, UKSH-Campus Kiel, Kiel, Germany
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Sebens Müerköster S, Kötteritzsch J, Geismann C, Gast D, Kruse ML, Altevogt P, Fölsch UR, Schäfer H. alpha5-integrin is crucial for L1CAM-mediated chemoresistance in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Int J Oncol 2009; 34:243-253. [PMID: 19082495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
We recently showed that the adhesion molecule L1CAM (CD171) is overexpressed in pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) essentially contributing to chemoresistance of PDAC cells. In search of the mechanisms of this effect we now identified alpha5-integrin as the L1CAM ligand being essential for L1CAM-mediated chemoresistance of these highly malignant tumor cells. Thus, blockade or knock-down of alpha5-integrin in the L1CAM expressing PDAC cell lines PT45-P1res, Colo357 and Panc1 increased anti-cancer drug sensitivity. In line with the previously reported NO-dependent caspase inhibition resulting from L1CAM induced iNOS expression, the loss of chemoresistance upon alpha5-integrin inhibition was preceded by decreased iNOS expression and enhanced caspase-3/-7 activation. Accordingly, the loss of anti-cancer drug protection by alpha5-integrin inhibition could be overcome by administration of the NO-donor SNAP. Moreover, the gain of chemoresistance of parental PT45-P1 cells when transfected with L1CAM was abrogated by alpha5-integrin inhibition, whereas transfection of PT45-P1 cells with an integrin binding-deficient L1CAM mutant (L1mutRGE) did neither induce chemoresistance or iNOS expression nor conferred sensitivity to alpha5-integrin inhibition as seen upon transfection with wild-type L1CAM. Thus, mutational loss of the integrin binding site in the L1CAM molecule or the blockade of alpha5-integrin abolished the induction of iNOS expression and chemoresistance by L1CAM, indicating that both a functional L1CAM and alpha5-integrin are indispensable of L1CAM-induced drug resistance in PDAC cells.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/drug therapy
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Antineoplastic Agents, Phytogenic/therapeutic use
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Pancreatic Ductal/pathology
- Caspases/metabolism
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Etoposide/therapeutic use
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Integrin alpha5/physiology
- Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1/genetics
- Neural Cell Adhesion Molecule L1/metabolism
- Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Pancreatic Neoplasms/pathology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Transfection
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Sebens Müerköster
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Laboratory of Molecular Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Kiel, D-24105 Kiel, Germany.
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Sebens S, Geismann C, Morscheck M, Koch D, Ungefroren H, Arlt A, Tsao M, Bachem M, Altevogt P, Schäfer H. 346 POSTER Myofibroblasts and TGF-beta1 induce upregulation of tumoral L1CAM thereby promoting malignant transformation of pancreatic ductal epithelial cells. EJC Suppl 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(08)72280-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Abstract
Adult pancreatic stem cells (PSCs) are able to differentiate spontaneously in vitro into various somatic cell types. Stem cells isolated from rat pancreas show extensive self-renewal ability and grow in highly viable long-term cultures. Additionally, these cells express typical stem cell markers such as Oct-4, nestin and SSEA-1. Although differentiation potential is slightly decreasing in long-term cultures, it is possible to keep cell lines up to passage 140. Clonal cell lines could be established from different passages and showed similar characteristics. Remarkably, one clonal cell line, generated from passage 75, showed deviant properties during further culture. Clonal cells formed aggregates, which built tissue-like structures in suspension culture. These generated 3D aggregates produced permanently new cells at the outside margin. Released cells had remarkable size, and closer examination by light microscopy analysis revealed oocyte-like morphology. A comparison of the gene expression patterns between primary cultures of passages 8 and 75, the clonal cell line and the produced oocyte-like cells (OLCs) from tissue-like structures demonstrated some differences. Expression of various germ cell markers, such as Vasa, growth differentiation marker 9 and SSEA-1, increased in the clonal cell line, and OLCs showed additionally expression of meiosis-specific markers SCP3 and DMC1. We here present a first pilot study investigating the putative germ line potential of adult PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Danner
- Fraunhofer-Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Group of Cell Differentiation and Cell Technology at the University of Luebeck, Luebeck, Germany
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Ciba P, Danner S, Geismann C, Petschnik A, Guldner N, Kruse C. Gerichtete Differenzierung adulter Stammzellen. CHEM-ING-TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200650417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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