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Thompson WD, Reynolds RM, Beaumont RN, Warrington NM, Tyrrell J, Wood AR, Evans DM, McDonald TJ, Hattersley AH, Freathy RM, Lawlor DA, Borges MC. Maternal plasma cortisol's effect on offspring birth weight: a Mendelian Randomisation study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:65. [PMID: 38225564 PMCID: PMC10789047 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06250-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Observational studies and randomized controlled trials have found evidence that higher maternal circulating cortisol levels in pregnancy are associated with lower offspring birth weight. However, it is possible that the observational associations are due to residual confounding. METHODS We performed two-sample Mendelian Randomisation (MR) using a single genetic variant (rs9989237) associated with morning plasma cortisol (GWAS; sample 1; N = 25,314). The association between this maternal genetic variant and offspring birth weight, adjusted for fetal genotype, was obtained from the published EGG Consortium and UK Biobank meta-analysis (GWAS; sample 2; N = up to 406,063) and a Wald ratio was used to estimate the causal effect. We also performed an alternative analysis using all GWAS reported cortisol variants that takes account of linkage disequilibrium. We also tested the genetic variant's effect on pregnancy cortisol and performed PheWas to search for potential pleiotropic effects. RESULTS The estimated effect of maternal circulating cortisol on birth weight was a 50 gram (95% CI, -109 to 10) lower birth weight per 1 SD higher log-transformed maternal circulating cortisol levels, using a single variant. The alternative analysis gave similar results (-33 grams (95% CI, -77 to 11)). The effect of the cortisol variant on pregnancy cortisol was 2-fold weaker than in the original GWAS, and evidence was found of pleiotropy. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide some evidence that higher maternal morning plasma cortisol causes lower birth weight. Identification of more independent genetic instruments for morning plasma cortisol are necessary to explore the potential bias identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Thompson
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
- Academic Rheumatology, Clinical Sciences Building, Nottingham City Hospital, Hucknall Road, Nottingham, NG5 1PB, United Kingdom.
| | - R M Reynolds
- Centre for Cardiovascular Science, The Queens Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R N Beaumont
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - N M Warrington
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, NTNU, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - J Tyrrell
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - A R Wood
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - D M Evans
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Frazer Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - T J McDonald
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Academic Department of Blood Sciences, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - A H Hattersley
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - R M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D A Lawlor
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Bristol NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Bristol, UK
| | - M C Borges
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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Carpenter MA, Evans DM, Schiemer JA, Wolf T, Adelmann P, Böhmer AE, Meingast C, Dutton SE, Mukherjee P, Howard CJ. Ferroelasticity, anelasticity and magnetoelastic relaxation in Co-doped iron pnictide: Ba(Fe 0.957Co 0.043) 2As 2. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:155401. [PMID: 30641499 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafe29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The hypothesis that strain has a permeating influence on ferroelastic, magnetic and superconducting transitions in 122 iron pnictides has been tested by investigating variations of the elastic and anelastic properties of a single crystal of Ba(Fe0.957Co0.043)2As2 by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy as a function of temperature and externally applied magnetic field. Non-linear softening and stiffening of C 66 in the stability fields of both the tetragonal and orthorhombic structures has been found to conform quantitatively to the Landau expansion for a pseudoproper ferroelastic transition which is second order in character. The only exception is that the transition occurs at a temperature (T S ≈ 69 K) ~10 K above the temperature at which C 66 would extrapolate to zero ([Formula: see text] ≈ 59 K). An absence of anomalies associated with antiferromagnetic ordering below T N ≈ 60 K implies that coupling of the magnetic order parameter with shear strain is weak. It is concluded that linear-quadratic coupling between the structural/electronic and antiferromagnetic order parameters is suppressed due to the effects of local heterogeneous strain fields arising from the substitution of Fe by Co. An acoustic loss peak at ~50-55 K is attributed to the influence of mobile ferroelastic twin walls that become pinned by a thermally activated process involving polaronic defects. Softening of C 66 by up to ~6% below the normal-superconducting transition at T c ≈ 13 K demonstrates an effective coupling of the shear strain with the order parameter for the superconducting transition which arises indirectly as a consequence of unfavourable coupling of the superconducting order parameter with the ferroelastic order parameter. Ba(Fe0.957Co0.043)2As2 is representative of 122 pnictides as forming a class of multiferroic superconductors in which elastic strain relaxations underpin almost all aspects of coupling between the structural, magnetic and superconducting order parameters and of dynamic properties of the transformation microstructures they contain.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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Evans DM, Schiemer JA, Wolf T, Adelmann P, Böhmer AE, Meingast C, Dutton SE, Mukherjee P, Hsu YT, Carpenter MA. Strain relaxation behaviour of vortices in a multiferroic superconductor. J Phys Condens Matter 2019; 31:135403. [PMID: 30605895 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aafbd7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The elastic and anelastic properties of a single crystal of Co-doped pnictide Ba(Fe0.957Co0.043)2As2 have been determined by resonant ultrasound spectroscopy in the frequency range 10-500 kHz, both as a function of temperature through the normal-superconducting transition (T c ≈ 12.5 K) and as a function of applied magnetic field up to 12.5 T. Correlation with thermal expansion, electrical resistivity, heat capacity, DC and AC magnetic data from crystals taken from the same synthetic batch has revealed the permeating influence of strain on coupling between order parameters for the ferroelastic (Q E) and superconducting (Q SC) transitions and on the freezing/relaxation behaviour of vortices. Elastic softening through T c in zero field can be understood in terms of classical coupling of the order parameter with the shear strain e 6, λe 6 [Formula: see text], which means that there must be a common strain mechanism for coupling of the form λ [Formula: see text] Q E. At fields of ~5 T and above, this softening is masked by Debye-like stiffening and acoustic loss processes due to vortex freezing. The first loss peak may be associated with the establishment of superconductivity on ferroelastic twin walls ahead of the matrix and the second is due to the vortex liquid-vortex glass transition. Strain contrast between vortex cores and the superconducting matrix will contribute significantly to interactions of vortices both with each other and with the underlying crystal structure. These interactions imply that iron-pnictides represent a class of multiferroic superconductors in which strain-mediated coupling occurs between the multiferroic properties (ferroelasticity, antiferromagnetism) and superconductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EQ, United Kingdom
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Evans DM, Villamagna AM, Green MB, Campbell JL. Origins of stream salinization in an upland New England watershed. Environ Monit Assess 2018; 190:523. [PMID: 30116969 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-018-6802-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Salinity levels are above historical levels in many New England watersheds. We investigated potential sources of salinity in the Pemigewasset River, a relatively undeveloped watershed in northern New England. We utilized a synoptic sampling approach on six occasions between April and September 2011 paired with a novel land use analysis that incorporated traditional watershed and riparian zones as well as a local contributing area. We established background specific conductivity (SC) and found that SC was above established background levels in both the mainstem of the river (peak of 172 μS cm-1) and multiple tributaries. Specific conductivity was highest during low flow conditions (June) indicating potential groundwater storage and release of de-icing salts applied during winter months. Development in the watershed and riparian zone was found to be more strongly associated with elevated SC, compared to roads. The local contributing area was not found to be strongly associated with SC; however, there was evidence that the local contributing area may contribute to SC under low flow conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH, USA.
| | | | - M B Green
- Plymouth State University, Plymouth, NH, USA
- U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, USA
| | - J L Campbell
- U.S. Forest Service Northern Research Station, Newtown Square, PA, USA
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5
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Warrington NM, Richmond R, Fenstra B, Myhre R, Gaillard R, Paternoster L, Wang CA, Beaumont RN, Das S, Murcia M, Barton SJ, Espinosa A, Thiering E, Atalay M, Pitkänen N, Ntalla I, Jonsson AE, Freathy R, Karhunen V, Tiesler CMT, Allard C, Crawford A, Ring SM, Melbye M, Magnus P, Rivadeneira F, Skotte L, Hansen T, Marsh J, Guxens M, Holloway JW, Grallert H, Jaddoe VWV, Lowe Jr WL, Roumeliotaki T, Hattersley AT, Lindi V, Pahkala K, Panoutsopoulou K, Standl M, Flexeder C, Bouchard L, Aagaard Nohr E, Marina LS, Kogevinas M, Niinikoski H, Dedoussis G, Heinrich J, Reynolds RM, Lakka T, Zeggini E, Raitakari OT, Chatzi L, Inskip HM, Bustamante M, Hivert MF, Jarvelin MR, Sørensen TIA, Pennell C, Felix JF, Jacobsson B, Geller F, Evans DM, Lawlor DA. Maternal and fetal genetic contribution to gestational weight gain. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 42:775-784. [PMID: 28990592 PMCID: PMC5784805 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2017.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 08/27/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Clinical recommendations to limit gestational weight gain (GWG) imply high GWG is causally related to adverse outcomes in mother or offspring, but GWG is the sum of several inter-related complex phenotypes (maternal fat deposition and vascular expansion, placenta, amniotic fluid and fetal growth). Understanding the genetic contribution to GWG could help clarify the potential effect of its different components on maternal and offspring health. Here we explore the genetic contribution to total, early and late GWG. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS A genome-wide association study was used to identify maternal and fetal variants contributing to GWG in up to 10 543 mothers and 16 317 offspring of European origin, with replication in 10 660 mothers and 7561 offspring. Additional analyses determined the proportion of variability in GWG from maternal and fetal common genetic variants and the overlap of established genome-wide significant variants for phenotypes relevant to GWG (for example, maternal body mass index (BMI) and glucose, birth weight). RESULTS Approximately 20% of the variability in GWG was tagged by common maternal genetic variants, and the fetal genome made a surprisingly minor contribution to explain variation in GWG. Variants near the pregnancy-specific beta-1 glycoprotein 5 (PSG5) gene reached genome-wide significance (P=1.71 × 10-8) for total GWG in the offspring genome, but did not replicate. Some established variants associated with increased BMI, fasting glucose and type 2 diabetes were associated with lower early, and higher later GWG. Maternal variants related to higher systolic blood pressure were related to lower late GWG. Established maternal and fetal birth weight variants were largely unrelated to GWG. CONCLUSIONS We found a modest contribution of maternal common variants to GWG and some overlap of maternal BMI, glucose and type 2 diabetes variants with GWG. These findings suggest that associations between GWG and later offspring/maternal outcomes may be due to the relationship of maternal BMI and diabetes with GWG.
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Affiliation(s)
- N M Warrington
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R Richmond
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B Fenstra
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Myhre
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - R Gaillard
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - C A Wang
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - R N Beaumont
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - S Das
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Murcia
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO–Universitat Jaume I–Universitat de València, Valencia, Spain
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
| | - S J Barton
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - A Espinosa
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - M Atalay
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - N Pitkänen
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - I Ntalla
- William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - A E Jonsson
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Freathy
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - V Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - C M T Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Division of Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, University of Munich Medical Center, Munich, Germany
| | - C Allard
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - A Crawford
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S M Ring
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- ALSPAC (Children of the 90s), School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - M Melbye
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Medicine, Stanford School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - P Magnus
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - L Skotte
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Marsh
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - M Guxens
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychology, Erasmus University Medical Centre–Sophia Children’s Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J W Holloway
- Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - H Grallert
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Clinical Cooperation Group Nutrigenomics and Type 2 Diabetes, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
- Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - V W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - W L Lowe Jr
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism, and Molecular Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - T Roumeliotaki
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | - A T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, Exeter, UK
| | - V Lindi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - K Pahkala
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Paavo Nurmi Centre, Sports and Exercise Medicine Unit, Department of Health and Physical Activity, Turku, Finland
| | - K Panoutsopoulou
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - M Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - C Flexeder
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - L Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of medicine and life sciences, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Canada
| | - E Aagaard Nohr
- Public Health Division of Gipuzkoa, Basque Government, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - L Santa Marina
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Gipuzkoa, Spain
- Health Research Institute, Biodonostia, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - M Kogevinas
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
| | - H Niinikoski
- Department of Pediatrics, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - G Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - J Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München- German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital Munich, Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R M Reynolds
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T Lakka
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, Kuopio, Finland
| | - E Zeggini
- Department of Human Genetics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, UK
| | - O T Raitakari
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - L Chatzi
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Social Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
- Department of Genetics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - H M Inskip
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, Faulty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- NIHR Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University of Southampton and University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK
| | - M Bustamante
- Spanish Consortium for Research on Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBERESP), Spain
- ISGlobal, Centre for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M-F Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine at Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M-R Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC–PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Unit of Primary Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - T I A Sørensen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Section of Metabolic Genetics, and Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology (formally the Institute of Preventive Medicine), Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg Hospital, The Capital Region, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Pennell
- Division of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - J F Felix
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - B Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, Gothenburg University, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Domain of Health Data and Digitalization, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Geller
- Department of Epidemiology Research, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - D M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D A Lawlor
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit at the University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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6
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St Pourcain B, Robinson EB, Anttila V, Sullivan BB, Maller J, Golding J, Skuse D, Ring S, Evans DM, Zammit S, Fisher SE, Neale BM, Anney RJL, Ripke S, Hollegaard MV, Werge T, Ronald A, Grove J, Hougaard DM, Børglum AD, Mortensen PB, Daly MJ, Davey Smith G. ASD and schizophrenia show distinct developmental profiles in common genetic overlap with population-based social communication difficulties. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:263-270. [PMID: 28044064 PMCID: PMC5382976 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2016.198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2016] [Revised: 06/10/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Difficulties in social communication are part of the phenotypic overlap between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and schizophrenia. Both conditions follow, however, distinct developmental patterns. Symptoms of ASD typically occur during early childhood, whereas most symptoms characteristic of schizophrenia do not appear before early adulthood. We investigated whether overlap in common genetic influences between these clinical conditions and impairments in social communication depends on the developmental stage of the assessed trait. Social communication difficulties were measured in typically-developing youth (Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, N⩽5553, longitudinal assessments at 8, 11, 14 and 17 years) using the Social Communication Disorder Checklist. Data on clinical ASD (PGC-ASD: 5305 cases, 5305 pseudo-controls; iPSYCH-ASD: 7783 cases, 11 359 controls) and schizophrenia (PGC-SCZ2: 34 241 cases, 45 604 controls, 1235 trios) were either obtained through the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC) or the Danish iPSYCH project. Overlap in genetic influences between ASD and social communication difficulties during development decreased with age, both in the PGC-ASD and the iPSYCH-ASD sample. Genetic overlap between schizophrenia and social communication difficulties, by contrast, persisted across age, as observed within two independent PGC-SCZ2 subsamples, and showed an increase in magnitude for traits assessed during later adolescence. ASD- and schizophrenia-related polygenic effects were unrelated to each other and changes in trait-disorder links reflect the heterogeneity of genetic factors influencing social communication difficulties during childhood versus later adolescence. Thus, both clinical ASD and schizophrenia share some genetic influences with impairments in social communication, but reveal distinct developmental profiles in their genetic links, consistent with the onset of clinical symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- B St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - E B Robinson
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - V Anttila
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - B B Sullivan
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - J Maller
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J Golding
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D Skuse
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - S Ring
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - D M Evans
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - S Zammit
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - S E Fisher
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - B M Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R J L Anney
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
| | - M V Hollegaard
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Congenital Disorders, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - T Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - iPSYCH-SSI-Broad Autism Group
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- Behavioural and Brain Sciences, Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Mitte, Berlin, Germany
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Congenital Disorders, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, MHC Sct. Hans, Mental Health Services Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - A Ronald
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Birkbeck, University of London, London, UK
| | - J Grove
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - D M Hougaard
- Statens Serum Institut, Department of Congenital Disorders, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A D Børglum
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - P B Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - M J Daly
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research and Medical and the Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - G Davey Smith
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
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7
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McCluskie MJ, Evans DM, Zhang N, Benoit M, McElhiney SP, Unnithan M, DeMarco SC, Clay B, Huber C, Deora A, Thorn JM, Stead DR, Merson JR, Davis HL. The effect of preexisting anti-carrier immunity on subsequent responses to CRM197 or Qb-VLP conjugate vaccines. Immunopharmacol Immunotoxicol 2016; 38:184-96. [PMID: 27121368 DOI: 10.3109/08923973.2016.1165246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Certain antigens, such as haptens (small molecules), short peptides, and carbohydrates (e.g. bacterial polysaccharides) are non- or poorly immunogenic unless conjugated to a carrier molecule that provides a structural scaffold for antigen presentation as well as T cell help required for B-cell activation and maturation. However, the carriers themselves are immunogenic and resulting carrier-specific immune responses may impact the immunogenicity of other conjugate vaccines using the same carrier that are administered subsequently. OBJECTIVE Herein, using two different carriers (cross-reactive material 197, CRM and Qb-VLP), we examined in mice the impact that preexisting anti-carrier antibodies (Ab) had on subsequent immune responses to conjugates with either the same or a different carrier. METHOD For this purpose, we used two nicotine hapten conjugates (NIC7-CRM or NIC-Qb), two IgE peptide conjugates (Y-CRM or Y-Qb), and a pneumococcal polysaccharide conjugate (Prevnar 13(®)). RESULTS Prior exposure to CRM or Qb-VLP significantly reduced subsequent responses to the conjugated antigen having the homologous carrier, with the exception of Prevnar 13® where anti-polysaccharide responses were similar to those in animals without preexisting anti-carrier Ab. CONCLUSION Collectively, the data suggest that the relative sizes of the antigen and carrier, as well as the conjugation density for a given conjugate impact the extent of anti-carrier suppression. All animals developed anti-carrier responses with repeat vaccination and the differences in Ab titer between groups with and without preexisting anti-carrier responses became less apparent; however, anti-carrier effects were more durable for Ab function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J McCluskie
- a Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , Ottawa Laboratories , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Dana M Evans
- a Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , Ottawa Laboratories , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Ningli Zhang
- a Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , Ottawa Laboratories , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Michelle Benoit
- a Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , Ottawa Laboratories , Ottawa , ON , Canada
| | - Susan P McElhiney
- b Pfizer Vaccine Research and Early Development , Pearl River , NY , USA
| | - Manu Unnithan
- b Pfizer Vaccine Research and Early Development , Pearl River , NY , USA
| | - Suzanne C DeMarco
- c Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Bryan Clay
- d Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | | | - Aparna Deora
- c Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - Jennifer M Thorn
- c Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences , St. Louis , MO , USA
| | - David R Stead
- d Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - James R Merson
- d Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Heather L Davis
- a Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics , Ottawa Laboratories , Ottawa , ON , Canada
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8
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Evans DM, Thorn JM, Arch-Douglas K, Sperry JB, Thompson B, Davis HL, McCluskie MJ. Support for the revocation of general safety test regulations in biologics license applications. Biologicals 2016; 44:178-81. [PMID: 26996102 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The United States Food and Drug Administration recently removed the requirement for a General Safety Test (GST) for biologics in the Code of Federal Regulations (21 CFR 610.11). The GST, as well as abnormal toxicity (European Pharmacopeia) and innocuity tests (World Health Organization), were designed to test for extraneous toxic contaminants on each product lot intended for human use. Tests require one-week observations for general health and weight following injection of specified volumes of product batches into guinea pigs and mice. At the volumes specified, dose-related toxicity may result when the product is pharmacologically active in rodents. With vaccines, required doses may be > 3 logs higher than intended human dose on a weight-adjusted basis and if an immune modulatory adjuvant is included, systemic immune hyperactivation may cause toxicity. Herein, using the CpG/alum adjuvant combination we evaluated the different test protocols and showed their unsuitability for this adjuvant combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Evans
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer M Thorn
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Justin B Sperry
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bruce Thompson
- Pfizer Biotherapeutics Pharmaceutical Sciences, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Heather L Davis
- Pfizer Vaccine Immunotherapeutics, Ottawa Laboratories, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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9
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Robinson PC, Leo PJ, Pointon JJ, Harris J, Cremin K, Bradbury LA, Stebbings S, Harrison AA, Evans DM, Duncan EL, Wordsworth BP, Brown MA. The genetic associations of acute anterior uveitis and their overlap with the genetics of ankylosing spondylitis. Genes Immun 2015; 17:46-51. [DOI: 10.1038/gene.2015.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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10
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Zotarelli HGS, Evans DM, Bego LR, Sofia SH. A Comparison of Social Bee-Plant Networks between Two Urban Areas. Neotrop Entomol 2014; 43:399-408. [PMID: 27193949 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-014-0227-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2013] [Accepted: 06/02/2014] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the last decade, several studies demonstrated the effectiveness of ecological network analysis to a better understanding of the structure bee-plant interaction networks; however, such approaches involving urban areas are still scarce. Here, we analyzed two assemblages of corbiculate bees (Apoidea, Apidae) in two geographically distinct urban areas in Brazil. In both study areas, apid bees visiting flowers were captured with an insect net. Surveys were performed biweekly and alternately in each area, over a 1-year period. Both urban areas were very similar for most indices. The two social bee-plant networks were significantly nested, a pattern usually described for bee-plant networks and somehow expected in our study, considering the recognized behavior of social apid bees in exploring a wide range of plant species. The modularity measures were low and very similar for the networks of both urban areas, a finding that could be due at least in part to the low phylogenetic distance between corbiculate bees and the broad dietary habits of the social apid bees. Network-level indices showed that both bee assemblages had a relatively low niche overlap, indicating that the set of social apid species studied exploited differently the arrays of plants available. Species level index (resource range) showed that in both urban areas, Trigona spinipes (Fabr.) and Apis mellifera L. showed the higher number of interactions, a result that demonstrates the importance of these species in social bee-plant interaction networks in urban areas. Similarly to other ecosystems, these two apid species behaved as super-generalists in the two urban areas surveyed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G S Zotarelli
- Depto. de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil
| | - D M Evans
- School of Biological, Biomedical and Environmental Sciences, University of Hull, Hull, UK
| | - L R Bego
- Depto de Biologia, Fac de Filosofia Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Univ de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - S H Sofia
- Depto. de Biologia Geral, Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Univ Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brasil.
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11
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Gialluisi A, Newbury DF, Wilcutt EG, Olson RK, DeFries JC, Brandler WM, Pennington BF, Smith SD, Scerri TS, Simpson NH, Luciano M, Evans DM, Bates TC, Stein JF, Talcott JB, Monaco AP, Paracchini S, Francks C, Fisher SE. Genome-wide screening for DNA variants associated with reading and language traits. Genes Brain Behav 2014; 13:686-701. [PMID: 25065397 PMCID: PMC4165772 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2014] [Revised: 07/20/2014] [Accepted: 07/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Reading and language abilities are heritable traits that are likely to share some genetic influences with each other. To identify pleiotropic genetic variants affecting these traits, we first performed a genome-wide association scan (GWAS) meta-analysis using three richly characterized datasets comprising individuals with histories of reading or language problems, and their siblings. GWAS was performed in a total of 1862 participants using the first principal component computed from several quantitative measures of reading- and language-related abilities, both before and after adjustment for performance IQ. We identified novel suggestive associations at the SNPs rs59197085 and rs5995177 (uncorrected P ≈ 10–7 for each SNP), located respectively at the CCDC136/FLNC and RBFOX2 genes. Each of these SNPs then showed evidence for effects across multiple reading and language traits in univariate association testing against the individual traits. FLNC encodes a structural protein involved in cytoskeleton remodelling, while RBFOX2 is an important regulator of alternative splicing in neurons. The CCDC136/FLNC locus showed association with a comparable reading/language measure in an independent sample of 6434 participants from the general population, although involving distinct alleles of the associated SNP. Our datasets will form an important part of on-going international efforts to identify genes contributing to reading and language skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gialluisi
- Language and Genetics Department, Max Planck Institute for Psycholinguistics, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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12
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Karaderi T, Keidel SM, Pointon JJ, Appleton LH, Brown MA, Evans DM, Wordsworth BP. Ankylosing spondylitis is associated with the anthrax toxin receptor 2 gene (ANTXR2). Ann Rheum Dis 2014; 73:2054-8. [PMID: 25169729 PMCID: PMC4215346 DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-205643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES ANTXR2 variants have been associated with ankylosing spondylitis (AS) in two previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) (p∼9×10(-8)). However, a genome-wide significant association (p<5×10(-8)) was not observed. We conducted a more comprehensive analysis of ANTXR2 in an independent UK sample to confirm and refine this association. METHODS A replication study was carried out with 2978 cases and 8365 controls. Then, these were combined with non-overlapping samples from the two previous GWAS in a meta-analysis. Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 stratification was also performed to test for ANTXR2-HLA-B27 interaction. RESULTS Out of nine single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the study, five SNPs were nominally associated (p<0.05) with AS in the replication dataset. In the meta-analysis, eight SNPs showed evidence of association, the strongest being with rs12504282 (OR=0.88, p=6.7×10(-9)). Seven of these SNPs showed evidence for association in the HLA-B27-positive subgroup, but none was associated with HLA-B27-negative AS. However, no statistically significant interaction was detected between HLA-B27 and ANTXR2 variants. CONCLUSIONS ANTXR2 variants are clearly associated with AS. The top SNPs from two previous GWAS (rs4333130 and rs4389526) and this study (rs12504282) are in strong linkage disequilibrium (r(2)≥0.76). All are located near a putative regulatory region. Further studies are required to clarify the role played by these ANTXR2 variants in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Karaderi
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - S M Keidel
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J J Pointon
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - L H Appleton
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M A Brown
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - D M Evans
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - B P Wordsworth
- National Institute for Health Research Oxford Comprehensive Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK National Institute for Health Research Oxford Musculoskeletal Biomedical Research Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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13
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Schiemer J, Carpenter MA, Evans DM, Gregg JM, Schilling A, Arredondo M, Alexe M, Sanchez D, Ortega N, Katiyar RS, Echizen M, Colliver E, Dutton S, Scott JF. Studies of the Room-Temperature Multiferroic Pb(Fe 0.5Ta 0.5) 0.4(Zr 0.53Ti 0.47) 0.6O 3: Resonant Ultrasound Spectroscopy, Dielectric, and Magnetic Phenomena. Adv Funct Mater 2014; 24:2993-3002. [PMID: 25844085 PMCID: PMC4379905 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.201303492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recently, lead iron tantalate/lead zirconium titanate (PZTFT) was demonstrated to possess large, but unreliable, magnetoelectric coupling at room temperature. Such large coupling would be desirable for device applications but reproducibility would also be critical. To better understand the coupling, the properties of all 3 ferroic order parameters, elastic, electric, and magnetic, believed to be present in the material across a range of temperatures, are investigated. In high temperature elastic data, an anomaly is observed at the orthorhombic mm2 to tetragonal 4mm transition, Tot = 475 K, and a softening trend is observed as the temperature is increased toward 1300 K, where the material is known to become cubic. Thermal degradation makes it impossible to measure elastic behavior up to this temperature, however. In the low temperature region, there are elastic anomalies near ≈40 K and in the range 160-245 K. The former is interpreted as being due to a magnetic ordering transition and the latter is interpreted as a hysteretic regime of mixed rhombohedral and orthorhombic structures. Electrical and magnetic data collected below room temperature show anomalies at remarkably similar temperature ranges to the elastic data. These observations are used to suggest that the three order parameters in PZTFT are strongly coupled.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schiemer
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 0EQ, UK
| | - M A Carpenter
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of CambridgeCambridge, CB2 0EQ, UK
| | - D M Evans
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - J M Gregg
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - A Schilling
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M Arredondo
- School of Mathematics & Physics, Queen's University of BelfastBelfast, BT7 1NN, UK
| | - M Alexe
- Max Planck Institute of Microstructure PhysicsWeinberg 2, 06120, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - D Sanchez
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto RicoPO Box 23334, San Juan, 00931–3334, Puerto Rico
| | - N Ortega
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto RicoPO Box 23334, San Juan, 00931–3334, Puerto Rico
| | - R S Katiyar
- Institute for Functional Nanomaterials, University of Puerto RicoPO Box 23334, San Juan, 00931–3334, Puerto Rico
| | - M Echizen
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - E Colliver
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - S Dutton
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
| | - J F Scott
- Cavendish Laboratory, University of CambridgeMadingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HE, UK
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14
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Benyamin B, Pourcain BS, Davis OS, Davies G, Hansell NK, Brion MJA, Kirkpatrick RM, Cents RAM, Franić S, Miller MB, Haworth CMA, Meaburn E, Price TS, Evans DM, Timpson N, Kemp J, Ring S, McArdle W, Medland SE, Yang J, Harris SE, Liewald DC, Scheet P, Xiao X, Hudziak JJ, de Geus EJC, Jaddoe VWV, Starr JM, Verhulst FC, Pennell C, Tiemeier H, Iacono WG, Palmer LJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Boomsma DI, Posthuma D, McGue M, Wright MJ, Smith GD, Deary IJ, Plomin R, Visscher PM. Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:253-8. [PMID: 23358156 PMCID: PMC3935975 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intelligence in childhood, as measured by psychometric cognitive tests, is a strong predictor of many important life outcomes, including educational attainment, income, health and lifespan. Results from twin, family and adoption studies are consistent with general intelligence being highly heritable and genetically stable throughout the life course. No robustly associated genetic loci or variants for childhood intelligence have been reported. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on childhood intelligence (age range 6-18 years) from 17,989 individuals in six discovery and three replication samples. Although no individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected with genome-wide significance, we show that the aggregate effects of common SNPs explain 22-46% of phenotypic variation in childhood intelligence in the three largest cohorts (P=3.9 × 10(-15), 0.014 and 0.028). FNBP1L, previously reported to be the most significantly associated gene for adult intelligence, was also significantly associated with childhood intelligence (P=0.003). Polygenic prediction analyses resulted in a significant correlation between predictor and outcome in all replication cohorts. The proportion of childhood intelligence explained by the predictor reached 1.2% (P=6 × 10(-5)), 3.5% (P=10(-3)) and 0.5% (P=6 × 10(-5)) in three independent validation cohorts. Given the sample sizes, these genetic prediction results are consistent with expectations if the genetic architecture of childhood intelligence is like that of body mass index or height. Our study provides molecular support for the heritability and polygenic nature of childhood intelligence. Larger sample sizes will be required to detect individual variants with genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Benyamin
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - BSt Pourcain
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - OS Davis
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - G Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - NK Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M-JA Brion
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - RM Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - RAM Cents
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Franić
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MB Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - CMA Haworth
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - E Meaburn
- Department of Psychology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - TS Price
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - DM Evans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Timpson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Kemp
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Ring
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W McArdle
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - SE Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Yang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - SE Harris
- Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - DC Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Scheet
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - X Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JJ Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - EJC de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - VWV Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - JM Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - FC Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - WG Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - LJ Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - GW Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - NG Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - DI Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Posthuma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Medical Genomics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - MJ Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - IJ Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Plomin
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - PM Visscher
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Ahluwalia R, Ng N, Schilling A, McQuaid RGP, Evans DM, Gregg JM, Srolovitz DJ, Scott JF. Manipulating ferroelectric domains in nanostructures under electron beams. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 111:165702. [PMID: 24182281 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.111.165702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Freestanding BaTiO3 nanodots exhibit domain structures characterized by distinct quadrants of ferroelastic 90° domains in transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations. These differ significantly from flux-closure domain patterns in the same systems imaged by piezoresponse force microscopy. Based upon a series of phase field simulations of BaTiO3 nanodots, we suggest that the TEM patterns result from a radial electric field arising from electron beam charging of the nanodot. For sufficiently large charging, this converts flux-closure domain patterns to quadrant patterns with radial net polarizations. Not only does this explain the puzzling patterns that have been observed in TEM studies of ferroelectric nanodots, but also suggests how to manipulate ferroelectric domain patterns via electron beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ahluwalia
- Institute of High Performance Computing, Singapore 138632, Singapore
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16
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Luciano M, Evans DM, Hansell NK, Medland SE, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Wright MJ, Bates TC. A genome-wide association study for reading and language abilities in two population cohorts. Genes Brain Behav 2013; 12:645-52. [PMID: 23738518 PMCID: PMC3908370 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Revised: 03/04/2013] [Accepted: 05/24/2013] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Candidate genes have been identified for both reading and language, but most of the heritable variance in these traits remains unexplained. Here, we report a genome-wide association meta-analysis of two large cohorts: population samples of Australian twins and siblings aged 12–25 years (n = 1177 from 538 families), and a younger cohort of children of the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and their Children (aged 8 and 9 years; maximum n = 5472). Suggestive association was indicated for reading measures and non-word repetition (NWR), with the greatest support found for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the pseudogene, ABCC13 (P = 7.34 × 10−8), and the gene, DAZAP1 (P = 1.32 × 10−6). Gene-based analyses showed significant association (P < 2.8 × 10−6) for reading and spelling with genes CD2L1, CDC2L2 and RCAN3 in two loci on chromosome 1. Some support was found for the same SNPs having effects on both reading skill and NWR, which is compatible with behavior genetic evidence for influences of reading acquisition on phonological-task performance. The results implicate novel candidates for study in additional cohorts for reading and language abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Centre for Cognitive Aging and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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17
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Evans DM, Schilling A, Kumar A, Sanchez D, Ortega N, Arredondo M, Katiyar RS, Gregg JM, Scott JF. Magnetic switching of ferroelectric domains at room temperature in multiferroic PZTFT. Nat Commun 2013; 4:1534. [PMID: 23443562 PMCID: PMC3586726 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms2548] [Citation(s) in RCA: 136] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Single-phase magnetoelectric multiferroics are ferroelectric materials that display some form of magnetism. In addition, magnetic and ferroelectric order parameters are not independent of one another. Thus, the application of either an electric or magnetic field simultaneously alters both the electrical dipole configuration and the magnetic state of the material. The technological possibilities that could arise from magnetoelectric multiferroics are considerable and a range of functional devices has already been envisioned. Realising these devices, however, requires coupling effects to be significant and to occur at room temperature. Although such characteristics can be created in piezoelectric-magnetostrictive composites, to date they have only been weakly evident in single-phase multiferroics. Here in a newly discovered room temperature multiferroic, we demonstrate significant room temperature coupling by monitoring changes in ferroelectric domain patterns induced by magnetic fields. An order of magnitude estimate of the effective coupling coefficient suggests a value of ~1 × 10−7 sm−1. Multiferroic materials that exhibit coupled ferromagnetic and ferroelectric characteristics could be useful in the development of non-volatile digital storage. Evans et al. report a single-phase multiferroic material whose room-temperature magnetoelectric coupling appears to be unusually strong.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- School of Mathematics and Physics, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT7 1NN, UK
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18
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Umarji SIM, Arnander MWT, Evans DM. The use of Swanson silastic interposition arthroplasty in revision thumb-base surgery for failed trapeziectomy; a case series of 10 patients. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2012; 37:632-6. [PMID: 22618556 DOI: 10.1177/1753193412447496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Patients who report ongoing adverse symptoms following trapeziectomy may require revision surgery. We present a series of 10 patients who underwent revision surgery using a Silastic interpositional finger joint arthroplasty. Mean age was 60 (range 48-70) years, with a mean interval between primary and revision surgery of 34 (range 12-84) months. Review was performed at an average of 53 (range 21-136) months. Nine of the 10 patients reported improvement in pain, and all patients reported improvement in pinch grip, activities of daily living, and satisfaction at having undergone revision surgery. There were no complications. We found good medium-term results and high satisfaction rates. We advocate this technique as an effective treatment option in these difficult cases, provided other treatable causes of poor outcome are excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- S I M Umarji
- Department of Trauma and Orthopaedics, St George's Hospital, London, UK
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19
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Paternoster L, Ohlsson C, Sayers A, Vandenput L, Lorentzon M, Evans DM, Tobias JH. OPG and RANK polymorphisms are both associated with cortical bone mineral density: findings from a metaanalysis of the Avon longitudinal study of parents and children and gothenburg osteoporosis and obesity determinants cohorts. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2010; 95:3940-8. [PMID: 20534768 PMCID: PMC2917784 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2010-0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Several single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been reliably associated with areal bone mineral density (aBMD) in genome-wide association studies of mostly older subjects. OBJECTIVE We aimed to test those SNPs for an association with peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) bone measures in two young cohorts. DESIGN AND STUDY PARTICIPANTS We genotyped nine SNPs from the most promising aBMD candidates in a cohort of 15-yr-olds [in the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC)] and carried out association analysis with several tibial pQCT measures to determine whether these candidates were important during adolescent growth and which particular skeletal parameters each of the candidates were acting upon. We also carried out a metaanalysis of the SNPs for association with cortical bone mineral density (BMDC) in ALSPAC and a similar male-only study (Gothenburg Osteoporosis and Obesity Determinants). RESULTS In the ALSPAC cohort, we found a significant association between RANK SNP (rs3018362) and BMDC but not any of the other pQCT bone measures. In the metaanalysis, we found the OPG SNP (rs4355801) and the RANK SNP (rs3018362) to be significantly associated with BMDC. We also found suggestive evidence of an association between the MARK3 SNP (rs2010281) and BMDC but with a direction of effect opposite to that previously reported. CONCLUSION The association of genes from the RANK/RANKL/OPG pathway and BMDC provides new insight into how this system might affect the skeleton, confirming it to be associated with volumetric cortical bone density but observing no relationship with bone size.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Paternoster
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, Department of Social Medicine, University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol BS8 2BN, United Kingdom.
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20
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Ferreira MAR, Zhao ZZ, Thomsen SF, James M, Evans DM, Postmus PE, Kyvik KO, Backer V, Boomsma DI, Martin NG, Montgomery GW, Duffy DL. Association and interaction analyses of eight genes under asthma linkage peaks. Allergy 2009; 64:1623-8. [PMID: 19824886 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2009.02091.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Linkage studies have implicated the 2q33, 9p21, 11q13 and 20q13 regions in the regulation of allergic disease. The aim of this study was to test genetic variants in candidate genes from these regions for association with specific asthma traits. METHODS Ninety-five single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) located in eight genes (CD28, CTLA4, ICOS, ADAM23, ADAMTSL1, MS4A2, CDH26 and HRH3) were genotyped in >5000 individuals from Australian (n = 1162), Dutch (n = 99) and Danish (n = 303) families. Traits tested included doctor-diagnosed asthma, atopy, airway obstruction, total serum immunoglobulin (Ig) E levels and eosinophilia. Association was tested using both multivariate and univariate methods, with gene-wide thresholds for significance determined through simulation. Gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment analyses were also performed. RESULTS There was no overall evidence for association with seven of the eight genes tested when considering all genetic variation assayed in each gene. The exception was MS4A2 on chromosome 11q13, which showed weak evidence for association with IgE (gene-wide P < 0.05, rs502581). There were no significant gene-by-gene or gene-by-environment interaction effects after accounting for the number of tests performed. CONCLUSIONS The individual variants genotyped in the 2q33, 9p21 and 20q13 regions do not explain a large fraction of the variation in the quantitative traits tested or have a major impact on asthma or atopy risk. Our results are consistent with a weak effect of MS4A2 polymorphisms on the variation of total IgE levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A R Ferreira
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
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21
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Pimentel-Santos FM, Ligeiro D, Matos M, Mourão AF, Sousa E, Pinto P, Ribeiro A, Sousa M, Barcelos A, Godinho F, Cruz M, Fonseca JE, Guedes-Pinto H, Trindade H, Evans DM, Brown MA, Branco JC. Association of IL23R and ERAP1 genes with ankylosing spondylitis in a Portuguese population. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2009; 27:800-806. [PMID: 19917163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Association between ankylosing spondylitis (AS) and two genes, ERAP1 and IL23R, has recently been reported in North American and British populations. The population attributable risk fraction for ERAP1 in this study was 25%, and for IL23R, 9%. Confirmation of these findings to ERAP1 in other ethnic groups has not yet been demonstrated. We sought to test the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in these genes and susceptibility to AS among a Portuguese population. We also investigated the role of these genes in clinical manifestations of AS, including age of symptom onset, the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity, Metrology and Functional Indices, and the modified Stoke Ankylosing Spondylitis Spinal Score. METHODS The study was conducted on 358 AS cases and 285 ethnically matched Portuguese healthy controls. AS was defined according to the modified New York Criteria. Genotyping of IL23R and ERAP1 allelic variants was carried out with TaqMan allelic discrimination assays. Association analysis was performed using the Cochrane-Armitage and linear regression tests of genotypes as implemented in PLINK for dichotomous and quantitative variables respectively. A meta-analysis for Portuguese and previously published Spanish IL23R data was performed using the StatsDirect Statistical tools, by fixed and random effects models. RESULTS A total of 14 nsSNPs markers (8 for IL23R, 5 for ERAP1, 1 for LN-PEP) were analysed. Three markers (2 for IL23R and 1 for ERAP1) showed significant single-locus disease associations, confirming that the association of these genes with AS in the Portuguese population. The strongest associated SNP in IL23R was rs1004819 (OR=1.4, p=0.0049), and in ERAP1 was rs30187 (OR=1.26, p=0.035). The population attributable risk fractions in the Portuguese population for these SNPs are 11% and 9.7% respectively. No association was seen with any SNP in LN-PEP, which flanks ERAP1 and was associated with AS in the British population. No association was seen with clinical manifestations of AS. CONCLUSION These results show that IL23R and ERAP1 genes are also associated with susceptibility to AS in the Portuguese population, and that they contribute a significant proportion of the population risk for this disease.
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Pinsolle V, Salmi LR, Evans DM, Michel P, Pelissier P. Reliability of the pulp nail bone (PNB) classification for fingertip injuries. J Hand Surg Eur Vol 2007; 32:188-92. [PMID: 17224222 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhsb.2006.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2006] [Revised: 11/09/2006] [Accepted: 11/13/2006] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Evans and Bernardis proposed the 'PNB classification', by which a fingertip injury is classified according to each structure: pulp P, nail N, bone B. The objective of this study was to assess the inter-observer reliability, repeatability and accuracy of PNB. One hundred patients presenting with a fingertip injury were included prospectively, photographed, then classified in randomly chosen orders by nine independent observers. A third were drawn randomly and classified a second time to measure repeatability. A reference classification was also provided by one of the authors of the PNB system. Classifications agreed with the reference in 59% of injuries for P, 55% for N and 54% for B. The Kappa values for inter-observer agreement were 0.520 for P, 0.512 for N, and 0.504 for B; for intra-observer agreement, they were 0.616 for P, 0.658 for N, and 0.577 for B. Although levels of agreement are comparable with results found for other classifications, they are insufficient for use of the PNB classification without improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Pinsolle
- Service de Chirurgie Plastique et Chirurgie de la Main CHU Bordeaux/Université Bordeaux, France.
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Iliadou A, Evans DM, Zhu G, Duffy DL, Frazer IH, Montgomery GW, Martin NG. Genomewide scans of red cell indices suggest linkage on chromosome 6q23. J Med Genet 2007; 44:24-30. [PMID: 16950815 PMCID: PMC2597913 DOI: 10.1136/jmg.2006.043521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2006] [Revised: 08/21/2006] [Accepted: 08/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The red cell indices quantify the size, number and oxygen-carrying ability of erythrocytes. Although the genetic basis of many monogenic forms of anaemia is well understood, comparatively little is known about the genes responsible for variation in the red cell indices among healthy participants. OBJECTIVE To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) responsible for normal variation in the red cell indices of 391 pairs of dizygotic twins who were measured longitudinally at 12, 14 and 16 years of age. RESULTS Evidence suggesting linkage of red cell indices to haemoglobin concentration (LOD = 3.03) and haematocrit (LOD = 2.95) on chromosome 6q23, a region previously identified as possibly harbouring a QTL for haematocrit, was found. Evidence for linkage to several other regions of the genome, including chromosome 4q32 for red cell count and 7q for mean cell volume, was also found. In contrast, there was little evidence of linkage to the chromosomal regions containing the genes for erythropoietin (7q21) and its receptor (19p13.2), nor to the regions containing the genes for the haemoglobin alpha (16p13.3) and beta chains (11p15.5). CONCLUSION Findings provide additional evidence for a QTL affecting haemoglobin and haematocrit on chromosome 6q23. In contrast, polymorphisms in the genes coding for erythropoietin, its receptor and the haemoglobin alpha and beta chains do not appear to contribute substantially to variation in the red cell indices between healthy persons.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Iliadou
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Evans DM, Morris AP, Cardon LR, Sham PC. A note on the power to detect transmission distortion in parent-child trios via the transmission disequilibrium test. Behav Genet 2006; 36:947-50. [PMID: 16804748 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-006-9087-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2006] [Accepted: 05/19/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Transmission distortion refers to deviation from the normal 50:50 transmission of alleles from parents to offspring. Identification of genomic regions which undergo distortion is necessary for the correct interpretation of linkage and association studies, since tests of linkage using affected relative pairs and family based tests of association will yield spurious results in the presence of transmission distortion. With the increasing availability of genome-wide high density SNP data (e.g. from the International HapMap project), identification of these loci is now a real possibility. Here we present an analytical formula which demonstrates that the power to detect transmission distortion is a simple function of the number of heterozygous parents in the sample and the level of distortion at the locus. Our results indicate that whilst it will be possible to identify loci undergoing major levels of distortion using tens or hundreds of trios, large sample sizes in the order of tens of thousands of trios will be necessary to detect minor levels of distortion with appreciable power. The corollary is that genome-wide searches are unlikely to identify loci where the level of distortion is small, although they may serve to identify interesting regions worthy of follow up.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.
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Luciano M, Wright MJ, Duffy DL, Wainwright MA, Zhu G, Evans DM, Geffen GM, Montgomery GW, Martin NG. Genome-wide scan of IQ finds significant linkage to a quantitative trait locus on 2q. Behav Genet 2005; 36:45-55. [PMID: 16341610 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-005-9003-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2005] [Accepted: 06/20/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
A genome-wide linkage scan of 795 microsatellite markers (761 autosomal, 34 X chromosome) was performed on Multidimensional Aptitude Battery subtests and verbal, performance and full scale scores, the WAIS-R Digit Symbol subtest, and two word-recognition tests (Schonell Graded Word Reading Test, Cambridge Contextual Reading Test) highly predictive of IQ. The sample included 361 families comprising 2-5 siblings who ranged in age from 15.7 to 22.2 years; genotype, but not phenotype, data were available for 81% of parents. A variance components analysis which controlled for age and sex effects showed significant linkage for the Cambridge reading test and performance IQ to the same region on chromosome 2, with respective LOD scores of 4.15 and 3.68. Suggestive linkage (LOD score>2.2) for various measures was further supported on chromosomes 6, 7, 11, 14, 21 and 22. Where location of linkage peaks converged for IQ subtests within the same scale, the overall scale score provided increased evidence for linkage to that region over any individual subtest. Association studies of candidate genes, particularly those involved in neural transmission and development, will be directed to genes located under the linkage peaks identified in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luciano
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Herston, Brisbane, Australia.
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26
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Evans DM. Surgery of the thumb. D. A. Campbell Reid and D. A. McGrouther. 250 × 190 mm. Pp. 236 + ix. Illustrated. 1985. London: Butterworths. £55.00. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800730847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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27
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Evans DM. Plastic Reconstruction in the Head and Neck. T. R. Bull and E. N. Myers. 234 × 165 mm. Illustrated. London: Butterworths. £40.00. Br J Surg 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/bjs.1800740647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
CD4-CD8 ratio is an important diagnostic measure of immune system functioning. In particular, CD4-CD8 ratio predicts the time taken for progression of HIV infection to acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and the long-term survival of AIDS patients. To map genes that regulate differences between healthy individuals in CD4-CD8 ratio, we typed 757 highly polymorphic microsatellite markers at an average spacing of approximately 5 cM across the genome in 405 pairs of dizygotic twins at ages 12, 14 and 16. We used multipoint variance components linkage analysis to test for linkage between marker loci and CD4-CD8 ratio at each age. We found suggestive evidence of linkage on chromosome 11p in 12-year-old twins (LOD=2.55, P=0.00031) and even stronger evidence of linkage in the same region at age 14 (LOD=3.51, P=0.00003). Possible candidate genes include CD5 and CD6, which encode cell membrane proteins involved in the positive selection of thymocytes. We also found suggestive evidence of linkage at other areas of the genome including regions on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, 13, 15, 17 and 22.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia.
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Abstract
Williams & Blangero (1999) derived closed form expressions for the power of a univariate variance components test of linkage for a variety of pedigree structures. We have extended their results by investigating the effect of including monozygotic twins in the design on the power to detect linkage. Specifically, we determined the power associated with a pedigree of size three, where individuals one and two were monozygotic twins and individual three was a full sibling to the twins. The power of this sampling unit was uniformly greater than the power obtained from a sib-pair under the same genetic model. The reason for this was that addition of a second monozygotic twin provided another estimate of the sibling correlation for the particular IBD class. In addition, when the total heritability of the trait was <50%, the number of individuals that needed to be phenotyped was less than that with sib-pairs alone. However, a pedigree consisting of a monozygotic pair and sibling was never as informative as a sib-trio, presumably because the sib-trio provided information about allele sharing between three individuals, whereas the monozygotic twins and sibling unit only provided one such relationship. We conclude that including a monozygotic twin in the analysis is an economical strategy, since only one twin needs to be genotyped.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Joint Genetics Program, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia.
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Cole RP, Evans DM. Tongue revascularization. Plast Reconstr Surg 2002; 109:2164-5. [PMID: 11994642 DOI: 10.1097/00006534-200205000-00072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Abstract
Serine proteinases modulate the interaction of tumor cells with extracellular matrix components during extravasation and metastasis. The serine proteinase tissue kallikrein has been previously demonstrated in several human adenocarcinomas, and we presently report the localization of immunoreactive kallikrein and its mRNA in pancreatic adenocarcinoma. In addition, a synthetic peptide-based inhibitor specific for tissue kallikrein (FE999024) was used in our studies to explore a possible role for kallikrein in cancer cell invasiveness. Matrigel invasion assays were performed with a human breast-cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231, which expresses tissue kallikrein in culture. In the presence of FE999024 invasion through Matrigel was inhibited in a dose-dependent manner to a maximum of 39%. We also developed a novel ex vivo assay in which breast cancer cells are infused into the pulmonary circulation of artificially ventilated explanted rat lungs. At intervals up to 6 hours after infusion pulmonary invasion was quantified by bronchial alveolar lavage to recover human cancer cells from the airspace. Invading cells in the lung interstitium were also quantified after immunohistochemistry with a monoclonal antibody specific for human cytokeratin 18. The synthetic kallikrein inhibitor attenuates breast cancer cell invasion into the airspace by 33% when quantified by lavage recovery and up to 34% as quantified in the lung interstitium by cytokeratin 18 immunostaining. Our results indicate tissue kallikrein may participate in the invasion and metastasis of human adenocarcinomas. The newly developed explanted rodent lung assay should be useful for the study of cancer cells, neutrophils, or other extravasating cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- W C Wolf
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina 29425, USA
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34
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Abstract
A four-strand adaptation of the Kessler repair is described and the results of biomechanical testing in pig tendons are reported. The strength of our repair was compared against standard Kessler repairs using Ethibond or Ti.cron as the core sutures. The average tensile strength for the Ethibond Kessler repair was 33 Newtons and that of the Ti.cron Kessler repair was 31 Newtons. The average tensile strength for the Evans repair was 52 Newtons. This new method of flexor tendon repair is significantly stronger than the modified Kessler repair and is simpler to use than other multi-strand repair techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Smith
- Orthopaedic Academic Unit, Rayne Institute, St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK
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35
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Chinyama CN, Roblin P, Watson SJ, Evans DM. Fibromatoses and related tumors of the hand in children. A clinicopathologic review. Hand Clin 2000; 16:625-35, ix. [PMID: 11117052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Benign and malignant tumors of the hand are rare in children. This article reviews some of the common tumors that affect the hand in children, with an emphasis on clinico-pathologic correlations. Illustrated case histories on some rare tumors are also included.
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Affiliation(s)
- C N Chinyama
- Department of Histopathology, St Thomas' Hospital, London, England
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36
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Wallace HM, Duthie J, Evans DM, Lamond S, Nicoll KM, Heys SD. Alterations in polyamine catabolic enzymes in human breast cancer tissue. Clin Cancer Res 2000; 6:3657-61. [PMID: 10999758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
High concentrations of acetyl polyamines have been observed in human breast cancer compared with the equivalent normal tissue, however, no explanation as to the reason for the increases has been proposed. In this study, we show that changes in the enzymes responsible for the breakdown of acetyl polyamines occur in breast cancer tissue. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme in polyamine catabolism, is increased in the tumor tissue whereas polyamine oxidase (PAO) is decreased. The changes in PAO correlate with prognostic factors, and activity decreases as the size and histological grade of tumors increase. The metabolism of polyamines by PAO generates locally high concentrations of hydrogen peroxide, a known inducer of apoptosis; thus, low PAO activity may contribute to the low level of apoptosis seen in tumor cells. Therefore, drugs that induce PAO activity may be a novel means of attacking tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, Foresterhill, United Kingdom.
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37
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Evans DM, Sloan-Stakleff KD. Maximum effect of urokinase plasminogen activator inhibitors in the control of invasion and metastasis of rat mammary cancer. Invasion Metastasis 2000; 18:252-60. [PMID: 10729770 DOI: 10.1159/000024518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Experimentally induced pulmonary metastases of mammary cancer in the Fisher 344 rat can be suppressed by the inhibition of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA). The inhibition of uPA with amiloride or B428 has been shown to be dose dependent. Increased dosage levels of inhibitors might be expected to enhance levels of suppression of metastases. The use of each of these inhibitors at equipotent concentrations that exceeded the doses administered in previous studies failed to eliminate pulmonary metastases. These results demonstrate that a maximum limit is attained for the inhibitory capacities on cells during in vitro invasion or in vivo metastasis. At increased levels, uPA inhibitors continue to suppress, but do not eradicate, experimental pulmonary metastases of MATB cell rat mammary cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Calhoun Research Laboratory, Akron General Medical Systems, Akron, Ohio 44307, USA
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38
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Evans DM, Sloan-Stakleff K. Suppression of the invasive capacity of human breast cancer cells by inhibition of urokinase plasminogen activator via amiloride and B428. Am Surg 2000; 66:460-4. [PMID: 10824746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Inhibition of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) has been shown to suppress cancer cell invasion and metastasis in the laboratory setting by numerous investigators. Most studies have used murine cell lines implanted in syngeneic rodents or transfected human cell lines grown in immunocompromised laboratory hosts. In this study using Matrigel invasion chambers and two separate uPA inhibitors, amiloride and B428, the invasive capacity of unaltered human breast cancer cells was significantly suppressed. Cell proliferation was also suppressed to a lesser degree. These findings suggest that uPA inhibition may be a valid clinical approach to the control of the invasion and metastasis of human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Calhoun Research Laboratory, Akron General Medical Systems, Ohio 44307, USA
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39
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Abstract
An incision is described in which the two ends of an elliptical excision are displaced. This can be used in two situations; in the reduction in length of one side of a digit and in the excision of two lesions close together.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- The Hand Clinic, Oakley Green, Windsor, UK
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40
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Abstract
A new classification of fingertip injuries is presented. The PNB classification separates the injury into its effect on the three components of the fingertip: pulp, nail and bone. This provides a three digit number that accurately describes the injury. This new classification can be used to record and document injuries, without having to resort to lengthy description. It could also be used to provide detailed instructions for treatment and indications for referral. Examples of the application of the classification are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Department of Plastic Surgery, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital, London, UK.
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41
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Gruberg L, Goldstein SA, Pfister AJ, Monsein LH, Evans DM, Leon MB. Images in cardiovascular medicine. Cantrell's syndrome: left ventricular diverticulum in an adult patient. Circulation 2000; 101:109-10. [PMID: 10618312 DOI: 10.1161/01.cir.101.1.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- L Gruberg
- Department of Internal Medicine (Cardiology Division) of the Washington Hospital Center, Washington, DC, USA
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42
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Abstract
The genetic and environmental determinants of variation in blood cell size and number were investigated in 392 pairs of 12-year-old twins. The following blood cell indices were measured: haemoglobin, red blood cell count, haematocrit, mean corpuscular volume, platelet number, total white cell count, level of neutrophils, monocytes, eosinophils, total lymphocytes, CD3+ lymphocytes, CD4+ lymphocytes, CD8+ lymphocytes, CD19+ lymphocytes, CD56+ lymphocytes and CD4+/CD8+ ratio. Genetic factors contributed significantly to all blood cell measures accounting for between 61 and 96% of variance. Heritability estimates did not differ significantly between males and females, although the sample size of the present study was not large enough to exclude the possibility of sex-limited gene expression. Common environmental factors were important in determining red blood cell count and haematocrit, but were not important in determining basal levels of any white blood cell type.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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43
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Griesbacher T, Rainer I, Evans DM. Inhibition of kinin action and kinin generation compared to dexamethasone pretreatment with respect to vascular effects and pancreatic enzymes in experimental acute pancreatitis. Immunopharmacology 1999; 43:219-24. [PMID: 10596856 DOI: 10.1016/s0162-3109(99)00093-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It was determined earlier that inhibition of the action of endogenous kinins by the bradykinin B2 antagonist, icatibant (Hoe-140; D-Arg-[Hyp3, Thi5, D-Tic7, Oic8]-bradykinin), prevents pancreatic oedema formation during caerulein-induced acute pancreatitis, and simultaneously improves the egress of activated pancreatic enzymes from the pancreas. We have now investigated whether inhibition of increases in vascular permeability by another approach, i.e., pretreatment with dexamethasone, would have comparable effects. In addition, preliminary data are presented on the effects of the selective low molecular weight inhibitor of tissue kallikrein, H-(4-Cl)-D-Phe-1Nal-(3-aminopropyl)-guanidine (CH-2856). Icatibant abolished plasma extravasation into the pancreatic tissue and prevented the development of hypovolaemia. Caerulein-induced increases of amylase activity in the pancreas were significantly reduced by icatibant, while amylase activity in blood was augmented. Inhibition of kinin generation by CH-2856 had similar effects, as oedema formation was inhibited and enzyme activities were reduced in the pancreas and augmented in the blood serum. Dexamethasone completely abolished oedema formation, but only partially inhibited the development of hypovolaemia and haemoconcentration. Amylase activities in the pancreas and in blood remained completely unaffected by dexamethasone. The results suggest that retention of activated enzymes in the pancreatic tissue during acute pancreatitis involves a B2 receptor-mediated, but glucocorticoid-insensitive mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Griesbacher
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Graz, Austria.
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44
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Abstract
Temporary pacing leads are invaluable in diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmia after cardiac surgery. The ideal lead possesses reliable pacing and sensing capabilities throughout the postoperative period. Ease of handling and a low complication rate are essential. This study compares a new lead (Medtronic model #6492) to a temporary pacemaker lead established in clinical use (Medtronic model #6500). One lead of each type was placed in the right atrium and ventricle in 33 patients undergoing elective coronary revascularization. Pacing function was measured on the first and fourth postoperative days. Lead complications were documented. On day 1, there was no statistical difference between lead types in terms of pacing (voltage threshold, current threshold), impedance, or sensing (P wave amplitude, R wave amplitude). On day 4, both leads showed an increase in pacing threshold and a decrease in sensing ability. The only statistical difference between lead types was in atrial sensing on day 4, as measured by the P wave amplitudes (1.95 +/- 0.18 V for model 6492 vs 1.40 +/- 0.14 V for model 6500, P < 0.05). Two leads of each model failed to pace in the ventricular position and one lead in each model in the atrial position. There were no complications attributable to either pacemaker lead. We found that both lead types were reliable and functioned well. The Medtronic Model #6492 lead demonstrated better long-term sensing, although in this study the difference was not clinically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- A O Halldorsson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois, USA
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45
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Evans DM. Stroke education: the development of a documentation system and resource guide. Axone 1998; 20:19-22. [PMID: 9849139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Province Wide Nursing Project, Parkwood Hospital, London, ON
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46
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Abstract
Ten wrists in eight children with severe destructive changes in the wrist due to juvenile chronic arthritis underwent distraction lengthening of the ulna between 1983 and 1996 in an attempt to restore wrist alignment, which had not been preserved by previous splinting. Eight wrists in six patients (four female and two male) were evaluated. The average age at the time of operation was 13.8 years (range, 12-15.5). The average follow-up period was 70 months (range, 12-152). The average ulna minus deformity was between 8 and 9 mm. It was found that ulnar lengthening can be done safely and the procedure seems to stabilize the carpus, is likely to improve appearance, may improve function and in the majority of cases does eliminate the use of an external splint. Results seem to be stable for at least 3 to 5 years.
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47
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Evans DM, Sloan-Stakleff K, Arvan M, Guyton DP. Time and dose dependency of the suppression of pulmonary metastases of rat mammary cancer by amiloride. Clin Exp Metastasis 1998; 16:353-7. [PMID: 9626814 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006517614491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Amiloride is an inhibitor of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA), an essential component of the plasminogen/plasmin enzyme system. Inhibition of uPA prevents the conversion of plasminogen to tumor cell surface bound plasmin which is required for initiation of the metastatic process. MATB rat mammary cancer cells were introduced into the jugular venous system of 80 Fisher 344 female rats. Amiloride at high and low dosages was administered in the drinking water at the time of, prior to or several days following the tumor cell inoculation and continued daily for 10 days post inoculation. Control rats were maintained on water alone. The middle lobe of the right lung was examined microscopically for numbers of metastases. Suppression of metastases was significant at high amiloride dosages in all groups, and at low dosage when administered prior to inoculation. We conclude that amiloride suppresses induced metastases of rat mammary cancer, the effect being dose- and time-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- D M Evans
- Calhoun Research Laboratory, Akron General Medical Center, OH 44307, USA.
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48
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Semple G, Ashworth DM, Batt AR, Baxter AJ, Benzies DW, Elliot LH, Evans DM, Franklin RJ, Hudson P, Jenkins PD, Pitt GR, Rooker DP, Yamamoto S, Isomura Y. Peptidomimetic aminomethylene ketone inhibitors of interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE). Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1998; 8:959-64. [PMID: 9871520 DOI: 10.1016/s0960-894x(98)00136-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Pyridone-based peptidomimetic inhibitors of recombinant human Interleukin-1 beta-converting enzyme (ICE, caspase-1) with an aminomethylene ketone activating group in the P1' position are described. Several analogues with sub-nanomolar Ki's versus ICE and improved aqueous solubility are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Semple
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Ferring Research Institute, Chilworth Research Centre, Southampton, U.K
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Wallace
- Department of Medicine, University of Aberdeen, UK
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50
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Abstract
A case of osteoid osteoma in a young man is presented which evaded diagnosis for 9 years, and was eventually localized to the palmar aspect of the third carpometacarpal joint using the technique of registration bone scan to provide accurate localization. The lesion was removed with complete relief of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wilson
- Peripheral Nerve Injury and Hand Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, UK
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