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McCleave R, Li Z, Einarsson G, Loebinger M, Chalmers J, Elborn S, Haworth C, McKenna J, Fairley D, Allen D, Tunney M, Sherrard L. P126 Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection during long-term suppression treatment with tobramycin inhalation powder (TIP). J Cyst Fibros 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(22)00458-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Maver S, Saidel M, Dienst K, Cliburn Allen C, Haworth C, Krey K. Emergency Meals-to-You: a Public Private Partnership that Delivered Meals to Children in Rural America During the COVID-19 Crisis. J Acad Nutr Diet 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2021.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Baker O, Cheng A, Barker H, Grogono D, Johnson C, Haworth C, Hill S, Hill. U. P165 Improvement in antibiotic usage and ppFEV1 with compassionate use of elexacaftor, tezacaftor and ivacaftor (ETI) for patients with cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(21)01191-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Florez-Mausa M, Khalil A, Burnet I, Hill U, Barker H, Johnson C, Haworth C. P346 ECG abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors in an adult cystic fibrosis cohort in the East of England. J Cyst Fibros 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(19)30638-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Finch S, Polverino E, Blasi F, Ringshausen F, De Soyza A, Vendrell M, Goeminne P, Boersma W, Haworth C, Murris-Espin M, Dimakou A, Loebinger M, Menendez R, Torres A, Welte T, Hill A, Wilson R, Elborn S, Aliberti S, Chalmers JD. Sex differences in bronchiectasis patient characteristics: an analysis of the EMBARC cohort. Epidemiology 2018. [DOI: 10.1183/13993003.congress-2018.pa2282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Jelenkovic A, Yokoyama Y, Sund R, Hur YM, Harris JR, Brandt I, Nilsen TS, Ooki S, Ullemar V, Almqvist C, Magnusson PKE, Saudino KJ, Stazi MA, Fagnani C, Brescianini S, Nelson TL, Whitfield KE, Knafo-Noam A, Mankuta D, Abramson L, Cutler TL, Hopper JL, Llewellyn CH, Fisher A, Corley RP, Huibregtse BM, Derom CA, Vlietinck RF, Bjerregaard-Andersen M, Beck-Nielsen H, Sodemann M, Krueger RF, McGue M, Pahlen S, Alexandra Burt S, Klump KL, Dubois L, Boivin M, Brendgen M, Dionne G, Vitaro F, Willemsen G, Bartels M, van Beijsterveld CEM, Craig JM, Saffery R, Rasmussen F, Tynelius P, Heikkilä K, Pietiläinen KH, Bayasgalan G, Narandalai D, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Ji F, Ning F, Pang Z, Rebato E, Tarnoki AD, Tarnoki DL, Kim J, Lee J, Lee S, Sung J, Loos RJF, Boomsma DI, Sørensen TIA, Kaprio J, Silventoinen K. Associations between birth size and later height from infancy through adulthood: An individual based pooled analysis of 28 twin cohorts participating in the CODATwins project. Early Hum Dev 2018; 120:53-60. [PMID: 29656171 PMCID: PMC6532975 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2018.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is evidence that birth size is positively associated with height in later life, but it remains unclear whether this is explained by genetic factors or the intrauterine environment. AIM To analyze the associations of birth weight, length and ponderal index with height from infancy through adulthood within mono- and dizygotic twin pairs, which provides insights into the role of genetic and environmental individual-specific factors. METHODS This study is based on the data from 28 twin cohorts in 17 countries. The pooled data included 41,852 complete twin pairs (55% monozygotic and 45% same-sex dizygotic) with information on birth weight and a total of 112,409 paired height measurements at ages ranging from 1 to 69 years. Birth length was available for 19,881 complete twin pairs, with a total of 72,692 paired height measurements. The association between birth size and later height was analyzed at both the individual and within-pair level by linear regression analyses. RESULTS Within twin pairs, regression coefficients showed that a 1-kg increase in birth weight and a 1-cm increase in birth length were associated with 1.14-4.25 cm and 0.18-0.90 cm taller height, respectively. The magnitude of the associations was generally greater within dizygotic than within monozygotic twin pairs, and this difference between zygosities was more pronounced for birth length. CONCLUSION Both genetic and individual-specific environmental factors play a role in the association between birth size and later height from infancy to adulthood, with a larger role for genetics in the association with birth length than with birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Jelenkovic
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - Y Yokoyama
- Department of Public Health Nursing, Osaka City University, Osaka, Japan
| | - R Sund
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - YM Hur
- Department of Education, Mokpo National University, Jeonnam, South Korea
| | - JR Harris
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - I Brandt
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - TS Nilsen
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - S Ooki
- Department of Health Science, Ishikawa Prefectural Nursing University, Kahoku, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - V Ullemar
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C Almqvist
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden, Pediatric Allergy and Pulmonology Unit at Astrid Lindgren Children’s Hospital, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - PKE Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - KJ Saudino
- Boston University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - MA Stazi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - C Fagnani
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - S Brescianini
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità - Centre for Behavioural Sciences and Mental Health, Rome, Italy
| | - TL Nelson
- Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Colorado School of Public Health, Colorado State University, USA
| | - KE Whitfield
- Psychology and Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - A Knafo-Noam
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - D Mankuta
- Hadassah Hospital Obstetrics and Gynecology Department, Hebrew University Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - L Abramson
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - TL Cutler
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - JL Hopper
- The Australian Twin Registry, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - CH Llewellyn
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - A Fisher
- Health Behaviour Research Centre, Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institute of Epidemiology and Health Care, University College London, London, UK
| | - RP Corley
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - BM Huibregtse
- Institute of Behavioral Science, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - CA Derom
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Ghent University Hospitals, Ghent, Belgium
| | - RF Vlietinck
- Centre of Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - M Bjerregaard-Andersen
- Bandim Health Project, INDEPTH Network, Bissau, Guinea-Bissau, Research Center for Vitamins and Vaccines, Statens Serum Institute, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - H Beck-Nielsen
- Department of Endocrinology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - M Sodemann
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | - RF Krueger
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - S Pahlen
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - KL Klump
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - L Dubois
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Boivin
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada, Institute of Genetic, Neurobiological, and Social Foundations of Child Development, Tomsk State University, Russian Federation
| | - M Brendgen
- Département de psychologie, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Dionne
- École de psychologie, Université Laval, Québec, Canada
| | - F Vitaro
- École de psychoéducation, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - G Willemsen
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - M Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - CEM van Beijsterveld
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - JM Craig
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Saffery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - F Rasmussen
- Department of Health Sciences, Lund University, Sweden
| | - P Tynelius
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - K Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - KH Pietiläinen
- Obesity Research Unit, Research Programs Unit, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - G Bayasgalan
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia
| | - D Narandalai
- Healthy Twin Association of Mongolia, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, Graduate School of Biomedical and Health Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - CMA Haworth
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - R Plomin
- King’s College London, MRC Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, London, UK
| | - F Ji
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - F Ning
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Z Pang
- Department of Noncommunicable Diseases Prevention, Qingdao Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - E Rebato
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - AD Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - DL Tarnoki
- Department of Radiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary, Hungarian Twin Registry, Budapest, Hungary
| | - J Kim
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - S Lee
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - J Sung
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea, Institute of Health and Environment, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - RJF Loos
- The Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - DI Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - TIA Sørensen
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Centre for Basic Metabolic Research (Section of Metabolic Genetics), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark, Department of Public Health (Section of Epidemiology), Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - J Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, Helsinki, Finland
| | - K Silventoinen
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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Biswas Roy S, Haworth C, Olson M, Kang P, Varsch K, Panchabhai T, Bremner R, Smith M, Walia R. Lung Transplant Outcomes in Donors Managed with Airway Pressure Release Ventilation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2017.01.1527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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St Pourcain B, Haworth CMA, Davis OSP, Wang K, Timpson NJ, Evans DM, Kemp JP, Ronald A, Price T, Meaburn E, Ring SM, Golding J, Hakonarson H, Plomin R, Davey Smith G. Heritability and genome-wide analyses of problematic peer relationships during childhood and adolescence. Hum Genet 2014; 134:539-51. [PMID: 25515860 PMCID: PMC4424375 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-014-1514-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Peer behaviour plays an important role in the development of social adjustment, though little is known about its genetic architecture. We conducted a twin study combined with a genome-wide complex trait analysis (GCTA) and a genome-wide screen to characterise genetic influences on problematic peer behaviour during childhood and adolescence. This included a series of longitudinal measures (parent-reported Strengths-and-Difficulties Questionnaire) from a UK population-based birth-cohort (ALSPAC, 4-17 years), and a UK twin sample (TEDS, 4-11 years). Longitudinal twin analysis (TEDS; N ≤ 7,366 twin pairs) showed that peer problems in childhood are heritable (4-11 years, 0.60 < twin-h(2) ≤ 0.71) but genetically heterogeneous from age to age (4-11 years, twin-r(g) = 0.30). GCTA (ALSPAC: N ≤ 5,608, TEDS: N ≤ 2,691) provided furthermore little support for the contribution of measured common genetic variants during childhood (4-12 years, 0.02 < GCTA-h(2)(Meta) ≤ 0.11) though these influences become stronger in adolescence (13-17 years, 0.14 < GCTA-h (2)(ALSPAC) ≤ 0.27). A subsequent cross-sectional genome-wide screen in ALSPAC (N ≤ 6,000) focussed on peer problems with the highest GCTA-heritability (10, 13 and 17 years, 0.0002 < GCTA-P ≤ 0.03). Single variant signals (P ≤ 10(-5)) were followed up in TEDS (N ≤ 2835, 9 and 11 years) and, in search for autism quantitative trait loci, explored within two autism samples (AGRE: N Pedigrees = 793; ACC: N Cases = 1,453/N Controls = 7,070). There was, however, no evidence for association in TEDS and little evidence for an overlap with the autistic continuum. In summary, our findings suggest that problematic peer relationships are heritable but genetically complex and heterogeneous from age to age, with an increase in common measurable genetic variation during adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beate St Pourcain
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit (MRC IEU), University of Bristol, Oakfield House, Oakfield Grove, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK,
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Walshaw M, McElvaney G, Williams R, Morice A, Carroll M, Haworth C, Herzig M, Ketchell I, Myrvold R, Meland N, Myrset A, Smerud K. 45 A first-in-patient clinical trial demonstrates that inhaled alginate oligosaccharide (OligoG) is well tolerated in cystic fibrosis (CF) patients. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60182-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Plant B, Downey D, Eustace J, Gunaratnam C, Haworth C, Jones A, McKone E, Peckham D, Ketchell I, Bilton D. WS7.4 Inhaled aztreonam lysine (Cayston) therapy significantly improves lung function, weight, hospitalisations and excerbation rates prospectively – an Irish and UK real world experience. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60049-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Shearing V, Offord E, Haworth C, Floto A. 254 Evaluating the psychological impact of newly implemented infection control measures for the nontuberculous mycobacterium Mycobacterium abscessus. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60389-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Marquette M, Shaida N, Cousins C, Winterbottom A, Johnson C, Shafi N, Haworth C, Barker H. 162 Bronchial artery embolization (BAE) in adults with cystic fibrosis: a single-centre case series. J Cyst Fibros 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(14)60298-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Benyamin B, Pourcain BS, Davis OS, Davies G, Hansell NK, Brion MJA, Kirkpatrick RM, Cents RAM, Franić S, Miller MB, Haworth CMA, Meaburn E, Price TS, Evans DM, Timpson N, Kemp J, Ring S, McArdle W, Medland SE, Yang J, Harris SE, Liewald DC, Scheet P, Xiao X, Hudziak JJ, de Geus EJC, Jaddoe VWV, Starr JM, Verhulst FC, Pennell C, Tiemeier H, Iacono WG, Palmer LJ, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Boomsma DI, Posthuma D, McGue M, Wright MJ, Smith GD, Deary IJ, Plomin R, Visscher PM. Childhood intelligence is heritable, highly polygenic and associated with FNBP1L. Mol Psychiatry 2014; 19:253-8. [PMID: 23358156 PMCID: PMC3935975 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2012.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 167] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2012] [Revised: 10/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Intelligence in childhood, as measured by psychometric cognitive tests, is a strong predictor of many important life outcomes, including educational attainment, income, health and lifespan. Results from twin, family and adoption studies are consistent with general intelligence being highly heritable and genetically stable throughout the life course. No robustly associated genetic loci or variants for childhood intelligence have been reported. Here, we report the first genome-wide association study (GWAS) on childhood intelligence (age range 6-18 years) from 17,989 individuals in six discovery and three replication samples. Although no individual single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were detected with genome-wide significance, we show that the aggregate effects of common SNPs explain 22-46% of phenotypic variation in childhood intelligence in the three largest cohorts (P=3.9 × 10(-15), 0.014 and 0.028). FNBP1L, previously reported to be the most significantly associated gene for adult intelligence, was also significantly associated with childhood intelligence (P=0.003). Polygenic prediction analyses resulted in a significant correlation between predictor and outcome in all replication cohorts. The proportion of childhood intelligence explained by the predictor reached 1.2% (P=6 × 10(-5)), 3.5% (P=10(-3)) and 0.5% (P=6 × 10(-5)) in three independent validation cohorts. Given the sample sizes, these genetic prediction results are consistent with expectations if the genetic architecture of childhood intelligence is like that of body mass index or height. Our study provides molecular support for the heritability and polygenic nature of childhood intelligence. Larger sample sizes will be required to detect individual variants with genome-wide significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Benyamin
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - BSt Pourcain
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - OS Davis
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - G Davies
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - NK Hansell
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - M-JA Brion
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - RM Kirkpatrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - RAM Cents
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Franić
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - MB Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - CMA Haworth
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - E Meaburn
- Department of Psychology, Birkbeck University of London, London, UK
| | - TS Price
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - DM Evans
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - N Timpson
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - J Kemp
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - S Ring
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - W McArdle
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - SE Medland
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - J Yang
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - SE Harris
- Molecular Medicine Centre, Institute for Genetics and Molecular Medicine Centre, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - DC Liewald
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - P Scheet
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - X Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - JJ Hudziak
- Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - EJC de Geus
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - VWV Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - JM Starr
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Alzheimer Scotland Dementia Research Centre, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - FC Verhulst
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C Pennell
- School of Women's and Infants' Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - H Tiemeier
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - WG Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - LJ Palmer
- Genetic Epidemiology and Biostatistics Platform, Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - GW Montgomery
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - NG Martin
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - DI Boomsma
- Netherlands Twin Register, Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D Posthuma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC-University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Functional Genomics, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research (CNCR), Neuroscience Campus Amsterdam (NCA), VU University Amsterdam and VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Section Medical Genomics, VU Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - MJ Wright
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - G Davey Smith
- Medical Research Council Centre for Causal Analyses in Translational Epidemiology, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - IJ Deary
- Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - R Plomin
- King's College London, Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK
| | - PM Visscher
- The University of Queensland, Queensland Brain Institute, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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Wat D, Henman S, Barker H, Floto A, Adler A, Lyons A, Murphy C, Haworth C. 368* Aetiology of erectile dysfunction in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(11)60380-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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15
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Wat D, Barker H, Floto A, Henman S, Lyons A, Murphy C, Haworth C. Influenza vaccination coverage in adult cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1569-1993(10)60449-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Loat CS, Haworth CMA, Plomin R, Craig IW. A model incorporating potential skewed X-inactivation in MZ girls suggests that X-linked QTLs exist for several social behaviours including autism spectrum disorder. Ann Hum Genet 2008; 72:742-51. [PMID: 18665976 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-1809.2008.00470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sex differences in the frequency and patterns of behaviours are frequently observed and largely unexplained. We have investigated the possible role of X-linked genes in the aetiology of social behaviour problems, including those involved in autistic spectrum disorders. A novel approach has been implemented. This is based on predictions following from stochastic patterns of X-inactivation of lower concordance of monozygous female (MZF) twins than MZM twins for behaviours underpinned by X-linked QTLs and the converse that DZF twins are expected to correlate more strongly for X-linked traits than DZM twins because unlike males, females always have at least one X chromosome in common. These expectations were tested in an ongoing longitudinal cohort study in which all twins born in England and Wales between 1994 and 1996 were invited to take part. 1000 each of MZF, MZM, DZF and DZM pairs from TEDS were tested at 7 and 8 years of age. The results suggest the persistent influence of X-linked genes on cognition and social behaviour problems, including those involved in autistic spectrum disorders, from early to middle childhood. This emphasises the potential importance of X-linked genes in the developmental trajectories of behaviour and mental health and the need to stratify genetic analysis of behaviours by gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Loat
- MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, De Crespigny Park, Denmark Hill, London, England
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Hann IM, Evans DI, Palmer MK, Morris-Jones PJ, Haworth C. The prognostic significance of morphological features in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Clin Lab Haematol 2008; 1:215-26. [PMID: 317039 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2257.1979.tb00470.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A consecutive series of 209 children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) presenting to a regional referral unit between 1970 and 1977 was studied. The following morphological features in the initial bone marrow were recorded: blast size, percentage periodic acid-Schiff (PAS) and oil-red-O (ORO) positivity, percentage of blasts with vacuoles, and acid phosphatase positivity. The blasts were also coded according to the FAB (L13) classification. When analysed separately, increasing blast size was significantly related to the length of first remission (P = 0.01). However, this was almost entirely due to its association with the FAB L2 type of disease which also had a highly significant influence on length of first remission (P less than 0.0001) independent of all other factors. Patients with L3 disease had blasts with heavy vacuolation, ORO positivity and displayed monoclonal surface immunoglobulin and their prognosis was very poor. The percentage of vacuolated blasts and ORO positivity otherwise showed no influence on prognosis. Fine granularity of PAS staining in lymphoblasts showed no prognostic value but the trend of longer remission duration with increase in percentage of PAS coarse granularity and blocks, was statistically significant (P = 0.006). This relationship was partly due to a correlation with the presence of mediastinal mass and L2 disease, but was still independent of all other prognostic factors. In a smaller number (39) of the series of patients on whom cell surface markers were available, we were unable to demonstrate a correlation between T-derived blasts and the L1 and L2 classification; but there was a strong correlation with polar acid phosphatase positivity in T-derived blasts.
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19
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Kovas Y, Haworth CMA, Harlaar N, Petrill SA, Dale PS, Plomin R. Overlap and specificity of genetic and environmental influences on mathematics and reading disability in 10-year-old twins. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007; 48:914-22. [PMID: 17714376 PMCID: PMC2694440 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01748..x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To what extent do genetic and environmental influences on reading disability overlap with those on mathematics disability? Multivariate genetic research on the normal range of variation in unselected samples has led to a Generalist Genes Hypothesis which posits that the same genes largely affect individual differences in these abilities in the normal range. However, little is known about the etiology of co-morbidity for the disability extremes of reading and mathematics. METHOD From 2596 pairs of 10-year-old monozygotic and dizygotic twins assessed on a web-based battery of reading and mathematics tests, we selected the lowest 15% on reading and on mathematics. We conducted bivariate DeFries-Fulker (DF) extremes analyses to assess overlap and specificity of genetic and environmental influences on reading and mathematics disability defined by a 15% cut-off. RESULTS Both reading and mathematics disability are moderately heritable (47% and 43%, respectively) and show only modest shared environmental influence (16% and 20%). There is substantial phenotypic co-morbidity between reading and mathematics disability. Bivariate DF extremes analyses yielded a genetic correlation of .67 between reading disability and mathematics disability, suggesting that they are affected largely by the same genetic factors. The shared environmental correlation is .96 and the non-shared environmental correlation is .08. CONCLUSIONS In line with the Generalist Genes Hypothesis, the same set of generalist genes largely affects mathematical and reading disabilities. The dissociation between the disabilities occurs largely due to independent non-shared environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kovas
- Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
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20
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Kovas Y, Haworth CMA, Harlaar N, Petrill SA, Dale PS, Plomin R. Overlap and specificity of genetic and environmental influences on mathematics and reading disability in 10-year-old twins. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2007. [PMID: 17714376 DOI: 10.1111/j.1469-7610.2007.01748.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To what extent do genetic and environmental influences on reading disability overlap with those on mathematics disability? Multivariate genetic research on the normal range of variation in unselected samples has led to a Generalist Genes Hypothesis which posits that the same genes largely affect individual differences in these abilities in the normal range. However, little is known about the etiology of co-morbidity for the disability extremes of reading and mathematics. METHOD From 2596 pairs of 10-year-old monozygotic and dizygotic twins assessed on a web-based battery of reading and mathematics tests, we selected the lowest 15% on reading and on mathematics. We conducted bivariate DeFries-Fulker (DF) extremes analyses to assess overlap and specificity of genetic and environmental influences on reading and mathematics disability defined by a 15% cut-off. RESULTS Both reading and mathematics disability are moderately heritable (47% and 43%, respectively) and show only modest shared environmental influence (16% and 20%). There is substantial phenotypic co-morbidity between reading and mathematics disability. Bivariate DF extremes analyses yielded a genetic correlation of .67 between reading disability and mathematics disability, suggesting that they are affected largely by the same genetic factors. The shared environmental correlation is .96 and the non-shared environmental correlation is .08. CONCLUSIONS In line with the Generalist Genes Hypothesis, the same set of generalist genes largely affects mathematical and reading disabilities. The dissociation between the disabilities occurs largely due to independent non-shared environmental influences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kovas
- Institute of Psychiatry, London, UK.
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Abstract
Most emergency presentations by vulnerable road users were the result of collisions that did not involve a motor vehicle. Many injuries occurred off-road without police attendance. Hence, reliance on official police records would underestimate the magnitude and scope of these injuries. Suggestions to provide a safer road environment are given.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Meuleners
- Injury Research Centre, University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia
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Abstract
Pre-B cell acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (cALL) commonly occurs in young patients and although successful conventional therapies are available (such as cytotoxic drugs and bone marrow transplantation) for a proportion of patients (approximately 30%) these are ultimately unsuccessful. Recurrence of disease is a result of the failure of the immune system to recognize these abnormal cells and down-regulation of crucial molecules required for cognate CD4(+) T cell recognition has been postulated as a means of immune escape. In this study we show that an embryonic kidney cell line (293 cells) transfected with CD154 (40 L.1) are capable of not only maintaining the viability of primary ALL cells in culture but can also up-regulate the expression of a number of crucial molecules involved in antigen recognition. We show that 40 L.1 cell stimulation of primary ALL cell cultures can not only enhance the allogeneic and autologous MLR response to such cells but will also induce CTL effectors which are capable of lysing wild-type autologous ALL cells. It is therefore conceivable that such an approach could be used to generate an active anti-tumour response in patients, following conventional therapy, reducing the incidence of recurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- A J Lee
- Department of Surgery, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
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23
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Galbraith DN, Kelly HT, Dyke A, Reid G, Haworth C, Beekman J, Shepherd A, Smith KT. Design and validation of immunological tests for the detection of Porcine endogenous retrovirus in biological materials. J Virol Methods 2000; 90:115-24. [PMID: 11064112 DOI: 10.1016/s0166-0934(00)00200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The present study details the design and demonstrates function for a series of reagents and methods to allow the detection of exposure to antigens specific for Porcine endogenous retrovirus (PERV). The detection of PERV is carried out by the means of a variety of immunological screening methods including, indirect immunofluorescence, Western blotting and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the detection of antibodies in serum specific for PERV gag and env antigens. Alternatively, PERV-specific antisera for gag and env can be used to detect viral antigen in serum or other samples. PERV env peptides with potential specificity for the known PERV types are also described. Antisera against the peptides can be used to detect PERV antigens directly or to characterise viral type. Using electron microscopy coupled with labelled PERV-gag-specific antisera it was possible to visualise PERV virions.
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MESH Headings
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Antibodies, Viral/analysis
- Antibodies, Viral/blood
- Antigens, Viral/analysis
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Blotting, Western
- Cell Line
- Endogenous Retroviruses/genetics
- Endogenous Retroviruses/isolation & purification
- Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
- Gene Products, env/chemistry
- Gene Products, gag/chemistry
- Humans
- Immune Sera/biosynthesis
- Immunologic Tests/methods
- Microscopy, Immunoelectron
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Sequence Alignment
- Serologic Tests
- Swine
- Viral Proteins/analysis
- Viral Proteins/genetics
- Viral Proteins/immunology
- Virology/methods
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Galbraith
- Q-One Biotech Ltd, West of Scotland Science Park, G20 0XA, Glasgow, UK
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24
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Song WJ, Sullivan MG, Legare RD, Hutchings S, Tan X, Kufrin D, Ratajczak J, Resende IC, Haworth C, Hock R, Loh M, Felix C, Roy DC, Busque L, Kurnit D, Willman C, Gewirtz AM, Speck NA, Bushweller JH, Li FP, Gardiner K, Poncz M, Maris JM, Gilliland DG. Haploinsufficiency of CBFA2 causes familial thrombocytopenia with propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukaemia. Nat Genet 1999; 23:166-75. [PMID: 10508512 DOI: 10.1038/13793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 817] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Familial platelet disorder with predisposition to acute myelogenous leukaemia (FPD/AML, MIM 601399) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by qualitative and quantitative platelet defects, and propensity to develop acute myelogenous leukaemia (AML). Informative recombination events in 6 FPD/AML pedigrees with evidence of linkage to markers on chromosome 21q identified an 880-kb interval containing the disease gene. Mutational analysis of regional candidate genes showed nonsense mutations or intragenic deletion of one allele of the haematopoietic transcription factor CBFA2 (formerly AML1) that co-segregated with the disease in four FPD/AML pedigrees. We identified heterozygous CBFA2 missense mutations that co-segregated with the disease in the remaining two FPD/AML pedigrees at phylogenetically conserved amino acids R166 and R201, respectively. Analysis of bone marrow or peripheral blood cells from affected FPD/AML individuals showed a decrement in megakaryocyte colony formation, demonstrating that CBFA2 dosage affects megakaryopoiesis. Our findings support a model for FPD/AML in which haploinsufficiency of CBFA2 causes an autosomal dominant congenital platelet defect and predisposes to the acquisition of additional mutations that cause leukaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- W J Song
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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25
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Meyer MP, Latief Z, Haworth C, Salie S, van Dyk A. Symptomatic HIV infection in infancy--clinical and laboratory markers of infection. S Afr Med J 1997; 87:158-62. [PMID: 9107221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the usefulness of immunological tests in the diagnosis of HIV infection in young symptomatic children (< 15 months of age). DESIGN Tests were evaluated in HIV-infected (HIV antibody- and PCR-positive) patients and non-infected individuals. SETTING Hospitalised patients in a referral centre (Red Cross War Memorial Children's Hospital, Cape Town). PATIENTS All admissions under 15 months of age who had HIV antibody requested were eligible, provided there was sufficient serum (150 microliter) for further study. Overall, there were 201 symptomatic cases and 49 healthy controls. Twenty of the symptomatic cases were HIV antibody-positive and 19 of these were HIV-infected on the basis of a positive PCR for HIV viral product. RESULTS Of the tests we evaluated (total IgG, IgM, IgA and rheumatoid factors of the same classes), raised total IgG level (cut-off 18 g/I or above) was the most useful. We used a commercial radial immunodiffusion plate which was found to have excellent reproducibility (inter-assay coefficient of variation 3.2%). The test detected 16 of 19 infected infants (sensitivity 84%, negative predictive value 98%). With the exception of the finding of oral thrush (odds ratio 7; P < 0.001), the clinical signs at presentation did not distinguish those who were HIV antibody-positive from those who were negative. CONCLUSIONS In our study of hospital admissions, the finding of elevated IgG and HIV antibody was diagnostic of HIV infection. (The positive predictive value of the combination was 100%.) Likewise, the presence of raised IgG levels and oral candidosis had a high specificity for HIV infection (98%) but the sensitivity was low (37%). Measurement of total IgG levels by radial immunodiffusion is simple, relatively inexpensive (< 10% of the cost of PCR), helpful in diagnosing HIV infection in symptomatic infants and able to be performed in areas with minimal laboratory back-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Meyer
- Department of Paediatrics, Groote Schuur Hospital, Cape Town
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether intravenously administered iron supplements would improve the hematologic response to recombinant erythropoietin in stable preterm infants. METHODS Forty-two preterm infants (<33 weeks' gestation, birth weight < 1500 gm, hematocrit <38%) were treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (Eprex), 600 U/kg per week, and randomly assigned to receive either an oral preparation of ferrous lactate (elemental iron, 12 mg/kg per day) or an intravenous preparation of iron sucrose (6 mg/kg per week). RESULTS Hematocrits, reticulocyte counts, and transfusions were similar in the oral group (OG) and the intravenous group (IVG). However, markedly higher serum ferritin concentrations were noted in the IVG (p <0.001), and by completion of the study the arithmetic mean values were 265 +/- 127 microg/L versus 137 +/- 65 microg/L in the IVG and the OG, respectively. The numbers of hypochromic erythrocytes increased in both groups during the study but were significantly higher in the OG (p = 0.04). Mean daily weight gain in the IVG (27 +/- 6.4 gm/day) was greater than in the OG (22.9 +/- 4.78 gm/day; p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS High doses of both orally administered iron and intravenously administered iron sucrose appear to supply sufficient iron for erythropoiesis in stable infants. Storage iron may become depleted after oral supplementation. The intravenous preparation appears to be safe and maintains serum ferritin concentrations, and it may be indicated for patients with low ferritin levels and for those not established on enteral feedings.
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MESH Headings
- Administration, Oral
- Anemia, Neonatal/blood
- Anemia, Neonatal/drug therapy
- Anemia, Neonatal/therapy
- Blood Cell Count
- Blood Transfusion
- Erythrocyte Count
- Erythrocytes/pathology
- Erythropoiesis/drug effects
- Erythropoietin/administration & dosage
- Erythropoietin/therapeutic use
- Female
- Ferric Compounds/administration & dosage
- Ferric Compounds/therapeutic use
- Ferric Oxide, Saccharated
- Ferritins/blood
- Ferrous Compounds/administration & dosage
- Ferrous Compounds/therapeutic use
- Glucaric Acid
- Hematocrit
- Humans
- Infant, Newborn
- Infant, Premature/blood
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/blood
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/drug therapy
- Infant, Premature, Diseases/therapy
- Infant, Very Low Birth Weight/blood
- Injections, Intravenous
- Iron/administration & dosage
- Iron/blood
- Iron/therapeutic use
- Lactates/administration & dosage
- Lactates/therapeutic use
- Male
- Recombinant Proteins
- Reticulocytes/cytology
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Meyer
- Neonatal Medicine, Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town, South Africa
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27
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Meyer MP, Haworth C, McNeill L. Is the use of recombinant human erythropoietin in anaemia of prematurity cost-effective? S Afr Med J 1996; 86:251-3. [PMID: 8658295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In a double-blind placebo-controlled study we showed a 3-fold decrease in blood transfusions (BTFs) given to preterm infants with anaemia of prematurity who received recombinant erythropoietin. However, only 50% of placebo recipients required a BTF. Data from the placebo group indicated that either mean daily weight gain < or = 7.5 g/day before study entry or haematocrit < or = 50% at birth was associated with BTFs (P < 0.001). We calculated that giving erythropoietin to patients in the treatment group with either of these variables prevented 24 of 28 BTFs and that it would cost R184 to prevent 1 BTF. The cost of each BTF was R187 (blood filtered to remove white cells and reduce cytomegalovirus transmission). Therefore, the costs of the two treatments were similar, but as the risk of transmitting infection is lower with erythropoietin, we recommend its use in selected preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Meyer
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Cape Town
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28
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Affiliation(s)
- J Collinson
- Department of Child Health, University of Leicester, U.K
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29
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Abstract
Strongyloidiasis in immunocompromised patients is typically associated with a fulminant clinical course and little eosinophilia. We describe an immunocompromised patient with strongyloidiasis in whom the infection was only minimally symptomatic in association with a dramatic increase in eosinophil count.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Savage
- Department of Haematology, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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30
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Haworth C, O'Reilly SM, Chu E, Rustin GJ, Feldmann M. Flavone acetic acid (FAA) with recombinant interleukin-2 (rIL-2) in advanced malignant melanoma. III: Cytokine studies. Br J Cancer 1993; 67:1346-50. [PMID: 8512819 PMCID: PMC1968527 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1993.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Twelve patients undergoing IL-2 and flavone acetic acid (FAA) combination immunotherapy for advanced melanoma were studied throughout treatment for the induction of measurable levels of bioactive TNF, GM-CSF and IL-6 in their serum. This was to assess the extent of secondary cytokine induction in these patients and the possible role of such cytokines in both the toxic and therapeutic responses. The nature of the treatment schedule enabled these cytokines to be measured in response to FAA alone, FAA/IL-2 and FAA alone following IL-2/FAA activation of target cells. A small rise in the serum levels of these cytokines was seen on the initial course of FAA/IL-2 but this was minor compared to the marked elevation in levels 2-8 h following the initiation of the third course of FAA given with or without IL-2 and at a time point which coincided with maximum toxicity in those patients who experienced it. These results show that FAA alone can induce cytokine release from primed target cells. This may be associated with the therapeutic effect and/or toxicity of the agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haworth
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, UK
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31
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Steers WD, Meythaler JM, Haworth C, Herrell D, Park TS. Effects of acute bolus and chronic continuous intrathecal baclofen on genitourinary dysfunction due to spinal cord pathology. J Urol 1992; 148:1849-55. [PMID: 1433619 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(17)37048-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A prospective, blinded study was done to examine the effects of acute bolus and chronic continuous intrathecal baclofen on genitourinary function in 10 patients with severe spasticity due to spinal cord pathology. Genitourinary function was assessed by symptom questionnaires and urodynamic studies performed after a bolus dose of baclofen and 6 to 12 months after continuous intrathecal baclofen. Results were compared to placebo for acute bolus testing or to pre-continuous intrathecal baclofen values. In all patients with irritative voiding and urge incontinence uninhibited bladder contractions were eliminated. Of 3 patients with an indwelling urethral catheter for incontinence due to detrusor hyperreflexia 1 was converted to intermittent self-catheterization. Whereas bladder capacity, compliance, sensation and voiding pressures were not different after continuous intrathecal baclofen, when a mean of all patients was compiled, a 72% increase in capacity and 16% improvement in compliance were observed in subjects without cervical spinal cord pathology. Detrusor-sphincter dyssynergia was abolished in 40% of the patients. Continuous intrathecal baclofen may represent a novel approach to the management of patients with a neurogenic bladder who have decreased bladder compliance and detrusor hyperreflexia not controlled by oral medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- W D Steers
- Department of Urology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
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32
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Haworth C, Brennan FM, Chantry D, Turner M, Maini RN, Feldmann M. Expression of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor in rheumatoid arthritis: regulation by tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Eur J Immunol 1991; 21:2575-9. [PMID: 1915559 DOI: 10.1002/eji.1830211039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 234] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), in addition to being a growth factor for granulocytes and macrophages, is an activator of cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage and induces HLA class II expression and cytokine synthesis in these target cells. Macrophage activation and class II expression are prominent features in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) joints, but the mechanism of their stimulation is not understood, since interferon-gamma, the major stimulus of class II expression, is not usually detectable at the protein level in synovial cell culture supernatants. We have, therefore, studied GM-CSF expression in cultures of cells derived from joints affected by RA and osteoarthritis (OA), and show that GM-CSF is produced spontaneously both by RA synovial cells and to a lesser extent by OA synovial cells in the absence of extrinsic stimuli. GM-CSF production continues for the 5-day duration of the culture period. Using neutralizing antibodies to tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha we demonstrated that GM-CSF production in RA synovial cell cultures is dependent on the continued presence of active TNF-alpha. This result supports our concept that continued activation of the cytokine network is a marked feature of RA, and that TNF-alpha plays a pivotal role in this network, by regulating the production of other pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 1, as demonstrated previously, and GM-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haworth
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, Hammersmith, London, GB
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33
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Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Chantry D, Haworth C, Turner M, Katsikis P, Londei M, Abney E, Buchan G, Barrett K. Cytokine assays: role in evaluation of the pathogenesis of autoimmunity. Immunol Rev 1991; 119:105-23. [PMID: 2045116 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-065x.1991.tb00580.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are protein mediators involved in inflammation, the immune response, cell growth, repair and fibrosis. All of these processes are ongoing in active autoimmune diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and so it would be expected that many cytokines would be actively produced in RA joints or Graves' disease (GD) thyroid glands. The cDNA cloning of cytokines has permitted the generation of pure recombinant molecules, and of newer more sensitive assays, and spurred the rapid development of knowledge in this field. Here we review the molecular strategies devised to study the possible role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of RA and GD, and describe some of the initial results. After 'cataloguing' the relative abundance of various cytokines, we sought to discover which cytokines are of major importance in pathogenesis. For that purpose we used neutralizing anti-cytokine antibodies and found that TNF alpha is one of the major signals regulating the production of IL-1 in the RA but not in the osteoarthritic (OA) joint. In order to further understand the dynamics of the cytokine network, the localization of the cytokine-producing cells by immunostaining and in situ hybridization has also been performed. The latter techniques are particularly valuable for attempting to establish the role of the target cell, such as thyroid epithelium, in the pathogenesis of disease. Cytokines act on cells via binding to high-affinity receptors. The last two years has been the cDNA cloning of many molecules encoding cytokine receptor chains, and it is now possible to begin to evaluate the other half of the cytokine pathway. Taken together, there are now exciting opportunities for the molecular dissection of the cytokine events occurring in auto-immune tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feldmann
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, Hammersmith, London
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Haworth C. Intron A--a therapeutic focus. Br J Clin Pract 1990; 44:471-4. [PMID: 2282299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Haworth
- Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London
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Feldmann M, Brennan FM, Chantry D, Haworth C, Turner M, Abney E, Buchan G, Barrett K, Barkley D, Chu A. Cytokine production in the rheumatoid joint: implications for treatment. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49 Suppl 1:480-6. [PMID: 2197999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Cytokines are protein mediators that play a part in inflammation, the immune response, cell growth, repair, and fibrosis. All of these are continuing processes in active rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and so it would be expected that many cytokines would be actively produced in RA joints. Here, the molecular strategies devised to study the possible role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of RA, are reviewed and some of the initial results described. The relative abundance of various cytokines is 'catalogued' and then attention is turned to an attempt to discover which cytokines are of major importance in the pathogenesis. Neutralising antibodies to cytokines were used for that purpose, and it was found that tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) is one of the major signals regulating the production of interleukin-1 in the RA, but not in the osteoarthritic joint. To understand further the dynamics of the cytokine network localisation of the cytokine producing cells by immunostaining--for example, TNF alpha, is currently being established.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feldmann
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, 1 Lurgan Avenue, Hammersmith, London
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Abstract
The number of cytokine molecules identified and cloned grows almost weekly. Studies using pure preparations have shown that single entities, e.g. TGF beta and IL-1 act on a wide variety of target cells whereas other cytokines, e.g. G-CSF have a more restricted target cell population. The outcome of stimulation of a cell by a cytokine depends on the target cell type, the presence of other coexisting cytokines and, as the release of cytokines may be targeted in the direction of the stimulus, the orientation of producer and target cells. These modulating phenomena may enable a small number of cytokines to specifically define a much larger number of responses, so that maximum 'value' is obtained from the successful evolution of cytokine and receptor molecules. The current nomenclature has little regard for this, the names of cytokines often deriving from the first property observed in vitro. In many cases these are not the most important properties of the molecule and can be misleading, e.g. transforming growth factor beta, which is growth inhibitory in some systems; the antiviral action of interferon gamma is relatively minor compared to its role as a macrophage activation factor; and interleukin-1 is produced by, and acts on, many cells outside the lymphohaemopoietic system. In addition, although there is often a high degree of homology, the repertoire of activities may vary between species. For example, IL-5 is a growth factor for eosinophils, both in humans and mice, however, in the mouse it also acts as a B-cell differentiation factor--a property which has been less easy to identify in human IL-5.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- C Haworth
- Department of Haematology, Charing Cross Westminster Medical School, London, UK
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Abstract
T lymphocytes are one of the richest sources of protein mediators. Many of their effects, such as T cell help, growth stimulation, macrophage activation or suppression are caused by the release of these molecular mediators, which include the interleukins IL-2, IL-3, IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, interferons alpha and beta (IFN alpha and beta), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lymphotoxin (LT), granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta). These molecules are only produced transiently after activation of the cells, and the CD4 (cluster differentiation antigen 4) cells are the richest sources of cytokines.
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Price C, Hagger D, Kanfer E, Spoudeas H, Samson D, Haworth C. An unusual t(9;12)(p13;q24) in childhood acute lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1989; 37:293-5. [PMID: 2702632 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(89)90065-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Price CM, Rassool F, Shivji MK, Gow J, Tew CJ, Haworth C, Goldman JM, Wiedemann LM. Rearrangement of the breakpoint cluster region and expression of P210 BCR-ABL in a "masked" Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute myeloid leukemia. Blood 1988; 72:1829-32. [PMID: 3179449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The Philadelphia (Ph) translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11) occurs frequently in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) but is less common in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and rare in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In most cases of CML and some cases of Ph+ ALL the protooncogene ABL from 9q34 is translocated to the breakpoint cluster region (bcr) of the BCR gene at 22q11 to form a chimeric gene encoding a novel 210-kd protein (P210 BCR-ABL) with enhanced tyrosine kinase activity. In other patients with Ph+ ALL and Ph+ AML, the breakpoint probably occurs in the first intron of the BCR gene; this results in a smaller chimeric gene which encodes a P190 BCR-ABL. We studied a patient with AML (FAB M6) arising de novo who had a "masked" Ph chromosome in association with extensive karyotypic changes. The leukemic cells initially showed rearrangement of the bcr, presence of a hybrid mRNA, and expression of the P210 BCR-ABL. These changes were absent in remission. These results support the concept that the BCR-ABL chimeric gene plays a crucial role in leukemogenesis but suggest that factors other than the position of the breakpoint in the BCR gene determine the lineage of the target cell for malignant transformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Price
- Department of Haematology, Charing Cross and Westminster Medical School, London, England
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Feldmann M, Kissonerghis AM, Buchan G, Brennan F, Turner M, Haworth C, Barrett K, Chantry D, Ziegler A, Maini RN. Role of HLA class II and cytokine expression in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol Suppl 1988; 76:39-46. [PMID: 3075087 DOI: 10.3109/03009748809102951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
HLA class II expression is notable in rheumatoid arthritis. We have investigated the mechanism of HLA class II regulation in the joints and found local synthesis, as judged by mRNA levels to be high. The role of antigen presentation in maintaining class II mRNA was explored, and blocking presentation by using monoclonal antibodies to HLA class II inhibited synthesis of mRNA for HLA-DR alpha chain. HLA class II expression is maintained by cytokines and so cytokine production in rheumatoid joints was investigated. It was chosen to use mRNA analysis by slot blotting as a screening assay, and the expression of many cytokines was detected. Levels of these were maintained in culture in the absence of extrinsic stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Feldmann
- Charing Cross Sunley Research Centre, London, United Kingdom
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Stirt JA, Maggio W, Haworth C, Minton MD, Bedford RF. Vecuronium: effect on intracranial pressure and hemodynamics in neurosurgical patients. Anesthesiology 1987; 67:570-3. [PMID: 2889406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- J A Stirt
- Department of Anesthesiology, University of Virginia Medical Center, Charlottesville 22908
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Minton MD, Stirt JA, Bedford RF, Haworth C. Intracranial pressure after atracurium in neurosurgical patients. Anesth Analg 1985; 64:1113-6. [PMID: 2932038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In order to investigate the usefulness of atracurium for neurosurgical anesthesia, we studied its impact on intracranial pressure (subarachnoid bolt) mean arterial pressure (radial artery catheter) and cerebral perfusion pressure (mean arterial pressure-intracranial pressure) in 20 patients undergoing elective craniotomy for brain tumor excision. General anesthesia was induced with thiopental, 4 mg/kg intravenously, and maintained with 70 percent nitrous oxide in oxygen. Ventilation was controlled by face mask, with end-tidal CO2 held constant. Once intracranial pressure and mean arterial pressure had stabilized, the response to atracurium, 0.5 mg/kg intravenously, was continuously recorded for 5 min in 10 patients. An additional 10 patients received no atracurium and served as matched controls. Thiopental caused reductions in ICP in both groups of patients. Comparing the responses of the patients who received atracurium with those who did not, we found that atracurium had no significant effect on intracranial pressure, mean arterial pressure or cerebral perfusion pressure. Based on these data we conclude that atracurium appears to be preferable to the other available neuromuscular blocking agents that have been evaluated for neurosurgical anesthesia.
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Haworth C, Stevens RF, Testa NE. Serial incidence of bone marrow GM-CFC prior to the development of acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia in a child treated for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Br J Haematol 1985; 59:79-84. [PMID: 3970853 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2141.1985.tb02966.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
A child treated for NHL developed acute non-lymphoblastic leukaemia 27 months after stopping treatment. Serial in vitro bone marrow studies showed a normal incidence of GM-CFC following treatment. However, GM-CFC incidence dropped at least 15 months prior to the development of leukaemia. This was associated with an asymptomatic neutropenia but no disturbance of bone marrow morphology. It is concluded that sub-clinical disturbances of bone marrow function may play an important part in leukaemogenesis.
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Haworth C, Morris-Jones PH, Testa NG. Long-term bone-marrow damage in children treated for ALL: evidence from in vitro colony assays (GM-CFC and CFUF). Br J Cancer 1982; 46:918-23. [PMID: 6960924 PMCID: PMC2011215 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1982.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
We have studied granulocyte-macrophage progenitor cells (GM-CFC) in serial bone marrow aspirates from 43 children who had been treated for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL). All patients were in full remission, not receiving anti-leukaemic therapy and 42 out of the 43 had normal peripheral blood counts. Thirty-seven patients have received standard amounts of chemotherapy and 6 have received additional therapy for relapses occurring in the first treatment-free interval. In the former group estimation of GM-CFC incidence did not provide evidence of long-term residual bone-marrow damage. In the latter, however, the mean incidence of GM-CFC was significantly reduced. This reduction was also apparent when the incidence of GM-CFC was related to the incidence of non-haemopoietic progenitor cells within the marrow (CFU-F).
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Haworth C. Bone Marrow Biopsy. Br J Cancer 1982. [DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1982.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Abstract
A brother and sister of Pakistani origin suffered from sensorineural deafness, diabetes mellitus and a macrocytic anaemia. Their bone marrows showed megaloblastic erythropoiesis and contained many ringed sideroblasts. Electron microscope studies of the bone marrow revealed (1) iron-laden mitochondria in many erythroblasts, (2) non-specific abnormalities indicative of dyserythropoiesis in some erythroblasts, and (3) evidence of ineffective erythropoiesis. The deoxyuridine suppression test indicated that the megaloblastic changes were not caused by an impairment of the methylation of deoxyuridylate. Studies of nucleic acid synthesis in the bone marrow cells showed that the rate of incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA was increased and that the rates of incorporation of [14C]glycine and [14C]adenine into both DNA and RNA were essentially within the normal range. The anaemia did not respond to therapy with hydroxocobalamin, folic acid or pyridoxine but responded to 25 mg thiamine, daily, by mouth. In one of the cases a post-thiamine marrow aspirate showed a considerable improvement in both the megaloblastic and sideroblastic changes.
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Haworth C, Evans DI. Nutrition and blood. 1. Nutritional aspects of blood disorders in the new-born. J Hum Nutr 1981; 35:323-34. [PMID: 7026676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Haworth C, Heppleston AD, Morris Jones PH, Campbell RH, Evans DI, Palmer MK. Routine bone marrow examination in the management of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia of childhood. J Clin Pathol 1981; 34:483-5. [PMID: 6941970 PMCID: PMC493329 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.34.5.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Eighty-four children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) who had relapsed in bone marrow were studied to assess whether treatment would be more successful if relapse was detected before the disease became clinically evident. Patients whose relapse was detected by routine bone marrow examination before the disease became apparent were compared with those whose relapse was suspected from clinical examination or peripheral blood findings. In the former there was a lower percentage of blast cells in the marrow (p less than 0.02) and the patients suffered less from complications of the disease, but there was no difference in the incidence or duration of second remissions between the two groups.
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Abstract
A comparison was made between the post-transfusion survival of red cells stored in standard ACD-A and in modified ACD-A, containing two-thirds the amount of citrate. Measurements of survival after 28 d storage in both solutions were made in each of six subjects. Mean post-transfusion survival with the two solutions was almost identical. When the results in one subject in whom survival was particularly bad with both solutions were omitted mean values at 24 h were 74.0% for standard ACD-A and 74.9% for modified ACD-A. It is concluded that viability is just as well maintained in modified ACD-A as in standard ACD-A. The results also provide further evidence of large differences between donors with respect to the maintenance of red cell viability during storage.
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Abstract
A case of acquired transient polyagglutinability in a group O, Rh(D) positive female patient, Wa, is described. An unusual finding in the preliminary serological investigation was the non-reaction of the cells with peanut (Arachis hypogaea) extract. The patient's red cells were strongly agglutinated by normal human and rabbit sera from which anti-T had been removed. Electrophoretic mobility studies and tests with polybrene indicated that their sialic acid content was normal. The use of a specific antiserum raised in a rabbit to Wa cells and cross-absorption tests showed that the patient's erythrocytes shared similar antigenic determinants to red cells treated with supernatants from pure cultures of Bacteroides fragilis. The in vitro-modified red cells reacted strongly with BS II lectin prepared from Bandeiraea simplicifolia seeds thus providing confirmatory evidence for Tk transformation on Wa cells. It is concluded that the Tk receptor is probably a more frequent feature of acquired transient polyagglutinability than has hitherto been recognized.
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