1
|
Lin L, Dacal E, Díez N, Carmona C, Martin Ramirez A, Barón Argos L, Bermejo-Peláez D, Caballero C, Cuadrado D, Darias-Plasencia O, García-Villena J, Bakardjiev A, Postigo M, Recalde-Jaramillo E, Flores-Chavez M, Santos A, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Rubio JM, Luengo-Oroz M. Edge Artificial Intelligence (AI) for real-time automatic quantification of filariasis in mobile microscopy. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2024; 18:e0012117. [PMID: 38630833 PMCID: PMC11057975 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0012117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Filariasis, a neglected tropical disease caused by roundworms, is a significant public health concern in many tropical countries. Microscopic examination of blood samples can detect and differentiate parasite species, but it is time consuming and requires expert microscopists, a resource that is not always available. In this context, artificial intelligence (AI) can assist in the diagnosis of this disease by automatically detecting and differentiating microfilariae. In line with the target product profile for lymphatic filariasis as defined by the World Health Organization, we developed an edge AI system running on a smartphone whose camera is aligned with the ocular of an optical microscope that detects and differentiates filarias species in real time without the internet connection. Our object detection algorithm that uses the Single-Shot Detection (SSD) MobileNet V2 detection model was developed with 115 cases, 85 cases with 1903 fields of view and 3342 labels for model training, and 30 cases with 484 fields of view and 873 labels for model validation before clinical validation, is able to detect microfilariae at 10x magnification and distinguishes four species of them at 40x magnification: Loa loa, Mansonella perstans, Wuchereria bancrofti, and Brugia malayi. We validated our augmented microscopy system in the clinical environment by replicating the diagnostic workflow encompassed examinations at 10x and 40x with the assistance of the AI models analyzing 18 samples with the AI running on a middle range smartphone. It achieved an overall precision of 94.14%, recall of 91.90% and F1 score of 93.01% for the screening algorithm and 95.46%, 97.81% and 96.62% for the species differentiation algorithm respectively. This innovative solution has the potential to support filariasis diagnosis and monitoring, particularly in resource-limited settings where access to expert technicians and laboratory equipment is scarce.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lin Lin
- Spotlab, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Claudia Carmona
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexandra Martin Ramirez
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lourdes Barón Argos
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Ethan Recalde-Jaramillo
- Spotlab, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Flores-Chavez
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Fundación Mundo Sano, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Santos
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M. Rubio
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC) Instituto de Salud Carlos III—Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Bermejo-Peláez D, Rueda Charro S, García Roa M, Trelles-Martínez R, Bobes-Fernández A, Hidalgo Soto M, García-Vicente R, Morales ML, Rodríguez-García A, Ortiz-Ruiz A, Blanco Sánchez A, Mousa Urbina A, Álamo E, Lin L, Dacal E, Cuadrado D, Postigo M, Vladimirov A, Garcia-Villena J, Santos A, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Ayala R, Martínez-López J, Linares M, Luengo-Oroz M. Digital Microscopy Augmented by Artificial Intelligence to Interpret Bone Marrow Samples for Hematological Diseases. Microsc Microanal 2024; 30:151-159. [PMID: 38302194 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Analysis of bone marrow aspirates (BMAs) is an essential step in the diagnosis of hematological disorders. This analysis is usually performed based on a visual examination of samples under a conventional optical microscope, which involves a labor-intensive process, limited by clinical experience and subject to high observer variability. In this work, we present a comprehensive digital microscopy system that enables BMA analysis for cell type counting and differentiation in an efficient and objective manner. This system not only provides an accessible and simple method to digitize, store, and analyze BMA samples remotely but is also supported by an Artificial Intelligence (AI) pipeline that accelerates the differential cell counting process and reduces interobserver variability. It has been designed to integrate AI algorithms with the daily clinical routine and can be used in any regular hospital workflow.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - María García Roa
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Trelles-Martínez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Bobes-Fernández
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, C. Budapest, 1, Alcorcón 28922, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Hidalgo Soto
- Vall Hebron Institute of Oncology (VHIO), Carrer de Natzaret, 115-117, Horta-Guinardó, Barcelona 08035, Spain
| | - Roberto García-Vicente
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Luz Morales
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alba Rodríguez-García
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Alberto Blanco Sánchez
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | | | - Elisa Álamo
- Spotlab, P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Lin Lin
- Spotlab, P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040, Spain
- Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense, 30, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Elena Dacal
- Spotlab, P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | - María Postigo
- Spotlab, P.º de Juan XXIII, 36B, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | | | | - Andrés Santos
- Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense, 30, Madrid 28040, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Laboratory, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Av. Complutense, 30, Madrid 28040, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Rosa Ayala
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre, Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Department of Translational Hematology, Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Av. de Córdoba, s/n, Madrid 28041, Spain
- Hematological Malignancies Clinical Research Unit H120-CNIO, CIBERONC, C. de Melchor Fernández Almagro, 3, Madrid 28029, Spain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Pl. de Ramón y Cajal, s/n, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Forero-López AD, Toniolo MA, Colombo CV, Rimondino GN, Cuadrado D, Perillo GME, Malanca FE. Marine microdebris pollution in sediments from three environmental coastal areas in the southwestern Argentine Atlantic. Sci Total Environ 2024; 913:169677. [PMID: 38163594 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Microplastics (MPs) and antifouling paint particles (APPs) are important components of marine microdebris (MDs), which constitute a potential environmental risk. This study analyzed baseline contamination levels of MDs and mesodebris (MesDs) in intertidal sediments at different depths, exploring the geomorphological influence in three Argentine coastal environments: Bahía Blanca Estuary (BBE), Los Pocitos (LP) and Puerto Madryn (PM). The MDs and MesDs samples were characterized by μ-FTIR, SEM/EDX and XRD. The abundance of MPs and APPs in sediments, range between 19.78 and 1087.19 and between 0 and 172.93 items/kg d.w., respectively. Despite variations in population and industrial developments in these areas, MPs abundance shows no significant differences in low and high intertidal zones. However, mean MPs concentrations were higher in the surface layer (0-5 cm) compared to the deeper sediments (5-10 cm), indicating recent MPs deposition. Chemical characterization evidenced the presence of cellulose (CE) and denser polymers as acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) and polyacrylics (PAN), APPs, metallic and black MDs. Surface degradation and heavy metals (Zn, Cr, and Ba) were also detected in APPs and other MDs, either as additives or adhered to their surfaces. Changes in crystallinity were also observed on the MesDs due to weathering. The calculated polymer hazard index (PHI) and the presence of hazardous polymers such as ABS and PAN indicated an increased risk of MPs pollution on the BBE and PM coasts. The pollution load index (PLI) values (from 4.63 to 5.34) suggested unpolluted to moderately polluted levels. These findings offer insights into potential risks associated with MDs in Argentine intertidal sediments, underscoring the critical need to comprehend the geomorphology and the influence of coastal dynamics. This is crucial for effectively addressing challenges linked to MDs pollution guiding the development of robust management and mitigation strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A D Forero-López
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - M A Toniolo
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C V Colombo
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - G N Rimondino
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - D Cuadrado
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - G M E Perillo
- Instituto Argentino de Oceanografía (IADO), CONICET/UNS, CCT-Bahía Blanca, Camino La Carrindanga, km 7.5, Edificio E1, Bahía Blanca B8000FWB, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F E Malanca
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Fisicoquímica de Córdoba (INFIQC), Departamento de Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas. Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA, Córdoba, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Varo R, Postigo M, Bila R, Dacal E, Chiconela H, García-Villena J, Cuadrado D, Vladimirov A, Díez N, Vallés-López R, Sitoe A, Vitorino P, Mucasse C, Beltran-Agullo L, Pujol O, García V, Abdala M, Sallé L, Anton A, Santos A, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Luengo-Oroz M, Bassat Q. Evaluation of the Performance of a 3D-Printed Smartphone-Based Retinal Imaging Device as a Screening Tool for Retinal Pathology in Mozambique. Am J Trop Med Hyg 2023; 109:1192-1198. [PMID: 37918001 PMCID: PMC10622463 DOI: 10.4269/ajtmh.23-0378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-income countries carry approximately 90% of the global burden of visual impairment, and up to 80% of this could be prevented or cured. However, there are only a few studies on the prevalence of retinal disease in these countries. Easier access to retinal information would allow differential diagnosis and promote strategies to improve eye health, which are currently scarce. This pilot study aims to evaluate the functionality and usability of a tele-retinography system for the detection of retinal pathology, based on a low-cost portable retinal scanner, manufactured with 3D printing and controlled by a mobile phone with an application designed ad hoc. The study was conducted at the Manhiça Rural Hospital in Mozambique. General practitioners, with no specific knowledge of ophthalmology or previous use of retinography, performed digital retinographies on 104 hospitalized patients. The retinographies were acquired in video format, uploaded to a web platform, and reviewed centrally by two ophthalmologists, analyzing the image quality and the presence of retinal lesions. In our sample there was a high proportion of exudates and hemorrhages-8% and 4%, respectively. In addition, the presence of lesions was studied in patients with known underlying risk factors for retinal disease, such as HIV, diabetes, and/or hypertension. Our tele-retinography system based on a smartphone coupled with a simple and low-cost 3D printed device is easy to use by healthcare personnel without specialized ophthalmological knowledge and could be applied for the screening and initial diagnosis of retinal pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rosauro Varo
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Rubao Bila
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Hélio Chiconela
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Antonio Sitoe
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Pio Vitorino
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Campos Mucasse
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
| | | | - Olivia Pujol
- Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain
- Hospital Vall d´Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mariamo Abdala
- Departamento de Oftalmologia, Hospital Central de Maputo, Maputo, Mozambique
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Eduardo Mondlane, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Lucía Sallé
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfonso Anton
- Institut Català de Retina, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Santos
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María J. Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça, Maputo, Mozambique
- Institut Català de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Universitat de Barcelona, Esplugues, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Sanchez T, Mavragani A, Álamo E, Pérez-Panizo N, Mousa A, Dacal E, Lin L, Vladimirov A, Cuadrado D, Mateos-Nozal J, Galán JC, Romero-Hernandez B, Cantón R, Luengo-Oroz M, Rodriguez-Dominguez M. A Smartphone-Based Platform Assisted by Artificial Intelligence for Reading and Reporting Rapid Diagnostic Tests: Evaluation Study in SARS-CoV-2 Lateral Flow Immunoassays. JMIR Public Health Surveill 2022; 8:e38533. [PMID: 36265136 PMCID: PMC9840096 DOI: 10.2196/38533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) are being widely used to manage COVID-19 pandemic. However, many results remain unreported or unconfirmed, altering a correct epidemiological surveillance. OBJECTIVE Our aim was to evaluate an artificial intelligence-based smartphone app, connected to a cloud web platform, to automatically and objectively read RDT results and assess its impact on COVID-19 pandemic management. METHODS Overall, 252 human sera were used to inoculate a total of 1165 RDTs for training and validation purposes. We then conducted two field studies to assess the performance on real-world scenarios by testing 172 antibody RDTs at two nursing homes and 96 antigen RDTs at one hospital emergency department. RESULTS Field studies demonstrated high levels of sensitivity (100%) and specificity (94.4%, CI 92.8%-96.1%) for reading IgG band of COVID-19 antibody RDTs compared to visual readings from health workers. Sensitivity of detecting IgM test bands was 100%, and specificity was 95.8% (CI 94.3%-97.3%). All COVID-19 antigen RDTs were correctly read by the app. CONCLUSIONS The proposed reading system is automatic, reducing variability and uncertainty associated with RDTs interpretation and can be used to read different RDT brands. The web platform serves as a real-time epidemiological tracking tool and facilitates reporting of positive RDTs to relevant health authorities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nuria Pérez-Panizo
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Lin Lin
- Spotlab, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Jesús Mateos-Nozal
- Servicio de Geriatría, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Galán
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Romero-Hernandez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rafael Cantón
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Mario Rodriguez-Dominguez
- Servicio de Microbiología, Hospital Universitario Ramon y Cajal, Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,CIBER en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Delgado LG, Postigo M, Cuadrado D, Gil-Casanova S, Martínez ÁM, Linares M, Merino P, Gimo M, Blanco S, Bassat Q, Santos A, García-Basteiro AL, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Luengo-Oroz MÁ. Remote analysis of sputum smears for mycobacterium tuberculosis quantification using digital crowdsourcing. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0268494. [PMID: 35587505 PMCID: PMC9119486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0268494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, TB is one of the top 10 causes of death and the leading cause from a single infectious agent. Although the development and roll out of Xpert MTB/RIF has recently become a major breakthrough in the field of TB diagnosis, smear microscopy remains the most widely used method for TB diagnosis, especially in low- and middle-income countries. This research tests the feasibility of a crowdsourced approach to tuberculosis image analysis. In particular, we investigated whether anonymous volunteers with no prior experience would be able to count acid-fast bacilli in digitized images of sputum smears by playing an online game. Following this approach 1790 people identified the acid-fast bacilli present in 60 digitized images, the best overall performance was obtained with a specific number of combined analysis from different players and the performance was evaluated with the F1 score, sensitivity and positive predictive value, reaching values of 0.933, 0.968 and 0.91, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lara García Delgado
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBEBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Sara Gil-Casanova
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - María Linares
- Department Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pharmacy School, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Hematology, Hospital 12 Octubre de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Paloma Merino
- Clinical Microbiology Department, Clinico San Carlos Hospital, Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Gimo
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Silvia Blanco
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- Pediatrics Department, Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu (Universidad de Barcelona), Barcelona, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Santos
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBEBBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto L. García-Basteiro
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic—Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - María J. Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBEBBN), Madrid, Spain
- * E-mail:
| | - Miguel Á. Luengo-Oroz
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- Consorcio de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBEBBN), Madrid, Spain
- Spotlab, Madrid, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Lin L, Bermejo-Pelaez D, Capellan-Martin D, Cuadrado D, Rodriguez C, Garcia L, Diez N, Tome R, Postigo M, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Luengo-Oroz M. Combining collective and artificial intelligence for global health diseases diagnosis using crowdsourced annotated medical images. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2021; 2021:3344-3348. [PMID: 34891956 DOI: 10.1109/embc46164.2021.9630868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Visual inspection of microscopic samples is still the gold standard diagnostic methodology for many global health diseases. Soil-transmitted helminth infection affects 1.5 billion people worldwide, and is the most prevalent disease among the Neglected Tropical Diseases. It is diagnosed by manual examination of stool samples by microscopy, which is a time-consuming task and requires trained personnel and high specialization. Artificial intelligence could automate this task making the diagnosis more accessible. Still, it needs a large amount of annotated training data coming from experts.In this work, we proposed the use of crowdsourced annotated medical images to train AI models (neural networks) for the detection of soil-transmitted helminthiasis in microscopy images from stool samples leveraging non-expert knowledge collected through playing a video game. We collected annotations made by both school-age children and adults, and we showed that, although the quality of crowdsourced annotations made by school-age children are sightly inferior than the ones made by adults, AI models trained on these crowdsourced annotations perform similarly (AUC of 0.928 and 0.939 respectively), and reach similar performance to the AI model trained on expert annotations (AUC of 0.932). We also showed the impact of the training sample size and continuous training on the performance of the AI models.In conclusion, the workflow proposed in this work combined collective and artificial intelligence for detecting soil-transmitted helminthiasis. Embedded within a digital health platform can be applied to any other medical image analysis task and contribute to reduce the burden of disease.
Collapse
|
8
|
Dacal E, Bermejo-Peláez D, Lin L, Álamo E, Cuadrado D, Martínez Á, Mousa A, Postigo M, Soto A, Sukosd E, Vladimirov A, Mwandawiro C, Gichuki P, Williams NA, Muñoz J, Kepha S, Luengo-Oroz M. Mobile microscopy and telemedicine platform assisted by deep learning for the quantification of Trichuris trichiura infection. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009677. [PMID: 34492039 PMCID: PMC8448303 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Soil-transmitted helminths (STH) are the most prevalent pathogens among the group of neglected tropical diseases (NTDs). The Kato-Katz technique is the diagnosis method recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) although it often presents a decreased sensitivity in low transmission settings and it is labour intensive. Visual reading of Kato-Katz preparations requires the samples to be analyzed in a short period of time since its preparation. Digitizing the samples could provide a solution which allows to store the samples in a digital database and perform remote analysis. Artificial intelligence (AI) methods based on digitized samples can support diagnosis by performing an objective and automatic quantification of disease infection. In this work, we propose an end-to-end pipeline for microscopy image digitization and automatic analysis of digitized images of STH. Our solution includes (a) a digitization system based on a mobile app that digitizes microscope samples using a 3D printed microscope adapter, (b) a telemedicine platform for remote analysis and labelling, and (c) novel deep learning algorithms for automatic assessment and quantification of parasitological infections by STH. The deep learning algorithm has been trained and tested on 51 slides of stool samples containing 949 Trichuris spp. eggs from 6 different subjects. The algorithm evaluation was performed using a cross-validation strategy, obtaining a mean precision of 98.44% and a mean recall of 80.94%. The results also proved the potential of generalization capability of the method at identifying different types of helminth eggs. Additionally, the AI-assisted quantification of STH based on digitized samples has been compared to the one performed using conventional microscopy, showing a good agreement between measurements. In conclusion, this work has presented a comprehensive pipeline using smartphone-assisted microscopy. It is integrated with a telemedicine platform for automatic image analysis and quantification of STH infection using AI models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lin Lin
- Spotlab, Madrid, Spain
- Biomedical Image Technologies, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Charles Mwandawiro
- Eastern and Southern Africa Center for International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Paul Gichuki
- Eastern and Southern Africa Center for International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Nana Aba Williams
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José Muñoz
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Hospital Clínic-Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Stella Kepha
- Eastern and Southern Africa Center for International Parasite Control (ESACIPAC), Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Soutullo P, Cuadrado D, Noreña C. First study of the Polycladida (Rhabditophora, Platyhelminthes) from the Pacific Coast of Costa Rica. Zootaxa 2021; 4964:zootaxa.4964.2.7. [PMID: 33903521 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4964.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
In the present work was carried out in the intertidal zone of Las Baulas de Guanacaste National Marine Park (PNMB) located on the Pacific coast of Costa Rica. The main objective was to contribute to knowledge about the invertebrate diversity of the park, one of the richest bioregions on the planet, about which little is known. This study assesses the Order Polycladida Lang, 1884, a cornerstone of this ecosystem and one of the most cosmopolitan and plastic invertebrate taxa in the animal kingdom. In total, 57 individuals were collected in the rocky intertidal zone of Carbón and Langosta beaches. Nine different species were identified, of which four are new for Costa Rica: Semonia bauliensis n. sp.; Cryptostylochus sesei n. sp.; Paraplanocera angeli n. sp., Prostheceraeus fitae n. sp.; and five new records: Paraplanocera oligoglena (Schmarda, 1859); Marcusia ernesti Hyman, 1953; Enchiridium magec Cuadrado, Moro Noreña, 2017; Pseudobiceros bajae (Hyman, 1953); and the genus Boninia spp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Soutullo
- 1 Dept. Biodiversidad y Biología Evolutiva, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (CSIC). José Gutiérrez Abascal 2, Madrid, Spain..
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Abstract
Two conflicting morphological approaches to polyclad systematics highlight the relevance of molecular data for resolving the interrelationships of Polycladida. In the present study, phylogenetic trees were reconstructed based on a short alignment of the 28S rDNA marker gene with 118 polyclad terminals (24 new) including 100 different polyclad species from 44 genera and 22 families, as well as on a combined dataset using 18S and 28S rDNA genes with 27 polyclad terminals (19 new) covering 26 different polyclad species. In both approaches, Theamatidae and Cestoplanidae were included, two families that have previously been shown to switch from Acotylea to Cotylea. Three different alignment methods were used, both with and without alignment curation by Gblocks, and all alignments were subjected to Bayesian inference and maximum likelihood tree calculations. Over all trees of the combined dataset, an extended majority-rule consensus tree had weak support for Theamatidae and Cestoplanidae as acotyleans, and also the cotylean genera Boninia, Chromyella and Pericelis appeared as acotyleans. With the most inclusive short 28S dataset, on the other hand, there is good support for the aforementioned taxa as cotyleans. Especially with the short 28S matrix, taxon sampling, outgroup selection, alignment method and curation, as well as model choice were all decisive for tree topology. Well-supported parts of the phylogeny over all trees include Pseudocerotoidea, Prosthiostomoidea, Stylochoidea, Leptoplanoidea and Cryptoceloidea, the latter three with new definitions. Unstable positions in the tree were found not only for Theamatidae, Cestoplanidae, Boninia, Chromyella and Pericelis, but also for Anonymus, Chromoplana and Cycloporus.
Collapse
|
11
|
García-Delgado L, Luengo-Oroz M, Cuadrado D, Postigo M. Crowdsourcing Visual Search in the real world: Applications to Collaborative Medical Image Diagnosis. J Vis 2019. [DOI: 10.1167/19.10.8c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Lara García-Delgado
- Biomedical Image Technologies, Department of Electronic Engineering at Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, and member of Spotlab, Spain
| | | | | | - María Postigo
- Universidad Politécnica de Madrid & founders of Spotlab
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Linares M, Postigo M, Cuadrado D, Ortiz-Ruiz A, Gil-Casanova S, Vladimirov A, García-Villena J, Nuñez-Escobedo JM, Martínez-López J, Rubio JM, Ledesma-Carbayo MJ, Santos A, Bassat Q, Luengo-Oroz M. Collaborative intelligence and gamification for on-line malaria species differentiation. Malar J 2019; 18:21. [PMID: 30678733 PMCID: PMC6345056 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-019-2662-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Current World Health Organization recommendations for the management of malaria include the need for a parasitological confirmation prior to triggering appropriate treatment. The use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) for malaria has contributed to a better infection recognition and a more targeted treatment. Nevertheless, low-density infections and parasites that fail to produce HRP2 can cause false-negative RDT results. Microscopy has traditionally been the methodology most commonly used to quantify malaria and characterize the infecting species, but the wider use of this technique remains challenging, as it requires trained personnel and processing capacity. Objective In this study, the feasibility of an on-line system for remote malaria species identification and differentiation has been investigated by crowdsourcing the analysis of digitalized infected thin blood smears by non-expert observers using a mobile app. Methods An on-line videogame in which players learned how to differentiate the young trophozoite stage of the five Plasmodium species has been designed. Images were digitalized with a smartphone camera adapted to the ocular of a conventional light microscope. Images from infected red blood cells were cropped and puzzled into an on-line game. During the game, players had to decide the malaria species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium knowlesi) of the infected cells that were shown in the screen. After 2 months, each player’s decisions were analysed individually and collectively. Results On-line volunteers playing the game made more than 500,000 assessments for species differentiation. Statistically, when the choice of several players was combined (n > 25), they were able to significantly discriminate Plasmodium species, reaching a level of accuracy of 99% for all species combinations, except for P. knowlesi (80%). Non-expert decisions on which Plasmodium species was shown in the screen were made in less than 3 s. Conclusion These findings show that it is possible to train malaria-naïve non-experts to identify and differentiate malaria species in digitalized thin blood samples. Although the accuracy of a single player is not perfect, the combination of the responses of multiple casual gamers can achieve an accuracy that is within the range of the diagnostic accuracy made by a trained microscopist. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-019-2662-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María Linares
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/CNIO, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.
| | - María Postigo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadrado
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/CNIO, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gil-Casanova
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alexander Vladimirov
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaime García-Villena
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - José María Nuñez-Escobedo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Martínez-López
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre/CNIO, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rubio
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Jesús Ledesma-Carbayo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Santos
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain.,Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Pediatrics Department, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Miguel Luengo-Oroz
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Ortiz-Ruiz A, Postigo M, Gil-Casanova S, Cuadrado D, Bautista JM, Rubio JM, Luengo-Oroz M, Linares M. Plasmodium species differentiation by non-expert on-line volunteers for remote malaria field diagnosis. Malar J 2018; 17:54. [PMID: 29378588 PMCID: PMC5789591 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-018-2194-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Routine field diagnosis of malaria is a considerable challenge in rural and low resources endemic areas mainly due to lack of personnel, training and sample processing capacity. In addition, differential diagnosis of Plasmodium species has a high level of misdiagnosis. Real time remote microscopical diagnosis through on-line crowdsourcing platforms could be converted into an agile network to support diagnosis-based treatment and malaria control in low resources areas. This study explores whether accurate Plasmodium species identification—a critical step during the diagnosis protocol in order to choose the appropriate medication—is possible through the information provided by non-trained on-line volunteers. Methods 88 volunteers have performed a series of questionnaires over 110 images to differentiate species (Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium malariae, Plasmodium knowlesi) and parasite staging from thin blood smear images digitalized with a smartphone camera adapted to the ocular of a conventional light microscope. Visual cues evaluated in the surveys include texture and colour, parasite shape and red blood size. Results On-line volunteers are able to discriminate Plasmodium species (P. falciparum, P. malariae, P. vivax, P. ovale, P. knowlesi) and stages in thin-blood smears according to visual cues observed on digitalized images of parasitized red blood cells. Friendly textual descriptions of the visual cues and specialized malaria terminology is key for volunteers learning and efficiency. Conclusions On-line volunteers with short-training are able to differentiate malaria parasite species and parasite stages from digitalized thin smears based on simple visual cues (shape, size, texture and colour). While the accuracy of a single on-line expert is far from perfect, a single parasite classification obtained by combining the opinions of multiple on-line volunteers over the same smear, could improve accuracy and reliability of Plasmodium species identification in remote malaria diagnosis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12936-018-2194-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Ortiz-Ruiz
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain.,SPOTLAB, S.L. C/Gran Vía 39, 2º, 28013, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Postigo
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain.,SPOTLAB, S.L. C/Gran Vía 39, 2º, 28013, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gil-Casanova
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Daniel Cuadrado
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain.,SPOTLAB, S.L. C/Gran Vía 39, 2º, 28013, Madrid, Spain
| | - José M Bautista
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Miguel Rubio
- Malaria and Emerging Parasitic Diseases Laboratory, National Microbiology Centre, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Miguel Luengo-Oroz
- Biomedical Image Technologies Group, DIE, ETSI Telecomunicación, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, CEI Moncloa UPM-UCM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain.,SPOTLAB, S.L. C/Gran Vía 39, 2º, 28013, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Linares
- Research Institute Hospital 12 de Octubre, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040, Madrid, Spain. .,SPOTLAB, S.L. C/Gran Vía 39, 2º, 28013, Madrid, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
|
15
|
Aboudara M, Hicks B, Cuadrado D, Mahoney PF, Docekal J. Impact of primary blast lung injury during combat operations in Afghanistan. J ROY ARMY MED CORPS 2015; 162:75. [PMID: 26092970 DOI: 10.1136/jramc-2015-000481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Aboudara
- Tripler Army Medical Center, MCHK-DM-P, Pulmonary Clinic, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - B Hicks
- Department of Radiology, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - D Cuadrado
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Tacoma, Washington, USA
| | - P F Mahoney
- Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - J Docekal
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Aboudara M, Cuadrado D, Docekal J, Hicks B, Mahoney P. 1055. Crit Care Med 2014. [DOI: 10.1097/01.ccm.0000458552.78740.2d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
|
17
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary blast lung injury (PBLI) is defined as lung contusion from barotrauma following an explosive mechanism of injury (MOI). Military data have focused on PBLI characteristics following evacuation from the combat theatre; less is known about its immediate management and epidemiology in the deployed setting. We conducted a quality improvement project to describe the prevalence, clinical characteristics, management strategies and evacuation techniques for PBLI patients prior to evacuation. METHODS Patients admitted to a Role 3 hospital in southwest, Afghanistan, from January 2008 to March 2013 with a blast MOI were identified through the Department of Defense Trauma Registry; International Classification of Diseases 9 codes and patient record review were used to identify the PBLI cohort from radiology reports. Descriptive statistics and Fishers exact test were used to report findings. RESULTS Prevalence of PBLI among blast injured patients with radiology reports was 11.2% (73/648). The population exhibited high Injury Severity Scores median 25 (IQR 14-34) and most received a massive blood transfusion (mean 33.4±38.3 total blood products/24 h). The mean positive end expiratory pressure (PEEP) requirement was 6.2±3.7 (range 5-15) cm H2O and PaO2 to FiO2 ratio was 297±175.2 (66-796) mm Hg. However, 16.6% of patients had a PaO2 to FiO2 ratio <200, 13.3% required PEEP ≥10 cm H2O and one patient required specialised evacuation for respiratory failure. A dismounted MOI (72.8%) and evacuation from point of injury by the Medical Emergency Response Team (62.3%) appeared to be associated with worse lung injury. Only eight of the 73 PBLI patients died and of the five with retrievable records, none died from respiratory failure. CONCLUSIONS PBLI has a low prevalence and conventional lung protective ventilator management is generally appropriate immediately after injury; application of advanced modes of ventilation and specialised evacuation assistance may be required. PBLI may be a marker of underlying injury severity since all deaths were not due to respiratory failure. Further work is needed to determine exact MOI in mounted and dismounted casualties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Aboudara
- Department of Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Tripler Army Medical Center, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA
| | - P F Mahoney
- Department of Military Anaesthesia and Critical Care, Royal Centre for Defence Medicine, Birmingham, UK
| | - B Hicks
- Radiology Department, William Beaumont Army Medical Center, El Paso, Texas, USA
| | - D Cuadrado
- Cardiac Surgery, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Vanderbilt Heart Institute, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Eckert M, Cuadrado D, Steele S, Brown T, Beekley A, Martin M. The changing face of the general surgeon: national and local trends in resident operative experience. Am J Surg 2010; 199:652-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Revised: 01/08/2010] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
19
|
Arthurs ZM, Cuadrado D, Sohn V, Wolcott K, Lesperance K, Carter P, Sebesta J. Post-bariatric panniculectomy: pre-panniculectomy body mass index impacts the complication profile. Am J Surg 2007; 193:567-70; discussion 570. [PMID: 17434356 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2007.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2006] [Revised: 01/21/2007] [Accepted: 01/21/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Morbid obesity continues to increase in the United States, which accounts for the increase in bariatric procedures performed. After these patients experience massive weight loss, many are left with a redundant pannus that poses physical limitations and psychosocial disturbances. An increasing proportion of bariatric patients are returning for body-contouring procedures. METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study set in a tertiary care center. We evaluated 126 post-bariatric panniculectomies performed over a 3-year period. Perioperative and postoperative data were collected through chart review. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using SPSS 11.0. RESULTS Ninety-six percent of patients were female. Mean age of the population was 42 (+/-12). The average post-bariatric weight loss and pre-panniculectomy weight were 53 (+/-16) kg and 78 (+/-14) kg, respectively. Complication rates were as follows: seroma 17%, hematoma 13%, surgical site infection (SSI) 17%, transfusion 6%, skin breakdown/necrosis 11%, and re-exploration 11%. Forty percent of patients experienced a complication. Using multivariate logistic regression, we evaluated age, pre-panniculectomy body mass index (BMI), American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class, specimen weight, and operative duration; only pre-panniculectomy BMI was an independent predictor for developing a postoperative complication (odds ratio 3.3, confidence interval 1.2 to 8.4, P < .01). CONCLUSIONS Post-bariatric patients who have sustained significant weight loss report subjective improvement after panniculectomy. Even though this population has experienced significant weight loss, they are still at an increased risk for postoperative complications. Maximal reduction in BMI should be stressed to these patients in order to reduce their risk of complications following panniculectomy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary M Arthurs
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Reid St., Tacoma, WA 98431, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Arthurs Z, Cuadrado D, Beekley A, Grathwohl K, Perkins J, Rush R, Sebesta J. The impact of hypothermia on trauma care at the 31st combat support hospital. Am J Surg 2006; 191:610-4. [PMID: 16647346 DOI: 10.1016/j.amjsurg.2006.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2005] [Revised: 01/17/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The primary objective of this study was to review the incidence of hypothermia, and its effect on surgical management, resource utilization, and survival at the 31st Combat Support Hospital (CSH). METHODS This study was a retrospective analysis of all combat trauma injuries treated at the 31st CSH over a 12-month period. All trauma admissions were included. Descriptive and inferential analysis were performed using SPSS 11.0 software package (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL). RESULTS A cohort of 2848 patients was identified; 18% were hypothermic (temperature < 36 degrees C). Hypothermia was significantly (P < .05) correlated with admission Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS), tachycardia, hypotension, lower hematocrit, and acidosis. Hypothermic patients had a significantly higher blood product and factor VIIa requirement. Hypothermia was an independent predictor of operative management of injuries, damage control laparotomy, factor VIIa use, and overall mortality (P < .05). CONCLUSION Combat trauma patients have a high percentage of penetrating injuries with variable evacuation times. Hypothermia was a pre-hospital physiologic marker, and independent contributor to overall mortality. Prevention of hypothermia could reduce resource utilization and improve survival in the combat setting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zachary Arthurs
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, 9040A Reid St., Tacoma, WA 98431, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Goodfellow VS, Marathe MV, Kuhlman KG, Fitzpatrick TD, Cuadrado D, Hanson W, Zuzack JS, Ross SE, Wieczorek M, Burkard M, Whalley ET. Bradykinin receptor antagonists containing N-substituted amino acids: in vitro and in vivo B(2) and B(1) receptor antagonist activity. J Med Chem 1996; 39:1472-84. [PMID: 8691478 DOI: 10.1021/jm950716i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
We report a systematic probing of the structural requirements of the bradykinin (BK) type 2 (B(2)) receptor for antagonist activity by incorporating N-alkyl-amino acid residues at positions 7 and 8 of a potent antagonist sequence. Compound 1 (D-Arg(0)-Arg(1)-Pro(2)-Hyp(3)-Gly(4)-Thi(5)-Ser(6)-D-Tic(7)-N-Chg (8)-Arg(9), CP-0597)(1,2) is a potent (pA(2) = 9.3, rat uterus; pK(i) = 9.62, binding, human receptor clone) B(2) receptor antagonist devoid of in vitro B(1) antagonist activity (rabbit aorta). Compound 1 exhibits high potency (ED(50) = 29.2 pmol/kg/min, iv, rabbit) and duration of action when tested in models for in vivo B(2) antagonist activity. Although devoid of activity in a classic B(1) isolated tissue assay, B(1) antagonist activity for 1 was demonstrated in vivo, in a LPS-treated, inducible BK(1) receptor rabbit blood pressure model (ED(50) = 1.7 nmol/kg/min). D-Arg(0) of 1 can be formally replaced by an achiral arginine surrogate, without significant loss in antagonist potency on rat uterus (compound 11, B(2) pA(2) = 9.1). Antagonist 13 (Hyp(2), Nchg(8)), pK(i) = 10.2, and agonist 4 (N-methylcyclohexyl-Gly(8)), pK(i) = 10.1, also exhibited substantial binding to guinea pig ileum membrane receptors as well as a human B(2) receptor clone. Very minor structural changes in the N-alkyl amino acid residues in positions 7 and 8 can modify the activity of this class of compounds from being extremely potent antagonists to tight binding partial or full agonists. These studies have resulted in a series of compounds containing inexpensive amino acid residues but which produce broad spectrum BK receptor blocking potency and exceptional in vivo duration of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- V S Goodfellow
- Department of New Leads Discovery, Cortech, Inc., Denver, Colorado 80221, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|