1
|
Afridi W, Strachan S, Kasetsirikul S, Pannu AS, Soda N, Gough D, Nguyen NT, Shiddiky MJA. Potential Avenues for Exosomal Isolation and Detection Methods to Enhance Small-Cell Lung Cancer Analysis. ACS Meas Sci Au 2023; 3:143-161. [PMID: 37360040 PMCID: PMC10288614 DOI: 10.1021/acsmeasuresciau.2c00068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Around the world, lung cancer has long been the main factor in cancer-related deaths, with small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) being the deadliest form of lung cancer. Cancer cell-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNAs are considered promising biomarkers for diagnosing and prognosis of various diseases, including SCLC. Due to the rapidity of SCLC metastasis, early detection and diagnosis can offer better diagnosis and prognosis and therefore increase the patient's chances of survival. Over the past several years, many methodologies have been developed for analyzing non-SCLC-derived exosomes. However, minimal advances have been made in SCLC-derived exosome analysis methodologies. This Review discusses the epidemiology and prominent biomarkers of SCLC. Followed by a discussion about the effective strategies for isolating and detecting SCLC-derived exosomes and exosomal miRNA, highlighting the critical challenges and limitations of current methodologies. Finally, an overview is provided detailing future perspectives for exosome-based SCLC research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waqar
Ahmed Afridi
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Simon Strachan
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Surasak Kasetsirikul
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Amandeep Singh Pannu
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Narshone Soda
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Centre
for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of
Medical Research, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
- Department
of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Vic 3168, Australia
| | - Nam-Trung Nguyen
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - Muhammad J. A. Shiddiky
- School
of Environment and Science, Griffith University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- Queensland
Micro and Nanotechnology Centre, Griffith
University, Nathan Campus, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zaman FY, Subramaniam A, Afroz A, Samoon Z, Gough D, Arulananda S, Alamgeer M. Circulating Tumour DNA (ctDNA) as a Predictor of Clinical Outcome in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Undergoing Targeted Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092425. [PMID: 37173891 PMCID: PMC10177293 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2023] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liquid biopsy (LB) analysis using (ctDNA)/cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is an emerging alternative to tissue profiling in (NSCLC). LB is used to guide treatment decisions, detect resistance mechanisms, and predicts responses, and, therefore, outcomes. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the impact of LB quantification on clinical outcomes in molecularly altered advanced NSCLC undergoing targeted therapies. METHODS We searched Embase, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Cochrane Database, between 1 January 2020 and 31 August 2022. The primary outcome was progression-free survival (PFS). Secondary outcomes included overall survival (OS), objective response rate (ORR), sensitivity, and specificity. Age stratification was performed based on the mean age of the individual study population. The quality of studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS). RESULTS A total of 27 studies (3419 patients) were included in the analysis. Association of baseline ctDNA with PFS was reported in 11 studies (1359 patients), while that of dynamic changes with PFS was reported in 16 studies (1659 patients). Baseline ctDNA-negative patients had a trend towards improved PFS (pooled hazard ratio [pHR] = 1.35; 95%CI: 0.83-1.87; p < 0.001; I2 = 96%) than ctDNA-positive patients. Early reduction/clearance of ctDNA levels after treatment was related to improved PFS (pHR = 2.71; 95%CI: 1.85-3.65; I2 = 89.4%) compared to those with no reduction/persistence in ctDNA levels. The sensitivity analysis based on study quality (NOS) demonstrated improved PFS only for good [pHR = 1.95; 95%CI: 1.52-2.38] and fair [pHR = 1.99; 95%CI: 1.09-2.89] quality studies, but not for poor quality studies. There was, however, a high level of heterogeneity (I2 = 89.4%) along with significant publication bias in our analysis. CONCLUSIONS This large systematic review, despite heterogeneity, found that baseline negative ctDNA levels and early reduction in ctDNA following treatment could be strong prognostic markers for PFS and OS in patients undergoing targeted therapies for advanced NSCLC. Future randomised clinical trials should incorporate serial ctDNA monitoring to further establish the clinical utility in advanced NSCLC management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Farzana Y Zaman
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Ashwin Subramaniam
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Intensive Care, Peninsula Health, Frankston 3199, Australia
- Peninsula Clinical School, Monash University, Frankston 3199, Australia
| | - Afsana Afroz
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Zarka Samoon
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Surein Arulananda
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| | - Muhammad Alamgeer
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia
- School of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sun CX, Daniel P, Bradshaw G, Shi H, Loi M, Chew N, Parackal S, Tsui V, Liang Y, Koptyra M, Adjumain S, Sun C, Chong WC, Fernando D, Drinkwater C, Tourchi M, Habarakada D, Sooraj D, Carvalho D, Storm PB, Baubet V, Sayles LC, Fernandez E, Nguyen T, Pörksen M, Doan A, Crombie DE, Panday M, Zhukova N, Dun MD, Ludlow LE, Day B, Stringer BW, Neeman N, Rubens JA, Raabe EH, Vinci M, Tyrrell V, Fletcher JI, Ekert PG, Dumevska B, Ziegler DS, Tsoli M, Syed Sulaiman NF, Loh AHP, Low SYY, Sweet-Cordero EA, Monje M, Resnick A, Jones C, Downie P, Williams B, Rosenbluh J, Gough D, Cain JE, Firestein R. Generation and multi-dimensional profiling of a childhood cancer cell line atlas defines new therapeutic opportunities. Cancer Cell 2023; 41:660-677.e7. [PMID: 37001527 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Pediatric solid and central nervous system tumors are the leading cause of cancer-related death among children. Identifying new targeted therapies necessitates the use of pediatric cancer models that faithfully recapitulate the patient's disease. However, the generation and characterization of pediatric cancer models has significantly lagged behind adult cancers, underscoring the urgent need to develop pediatric-focused cell line resources. Herein, we establish a single-site collection of 261 cell lines, including 224 pediatric cell lines representing 18 distinct extracranial and brain childhood tumor types. We subjected 182 cell lines to multi-omics analyses (DNA sequencing, RNA sequencing, DNA methylation), and in parallel performed pharmacological and genetic CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-function screens to identify pediatric-specific treatment opportunities and biomarkers. Our work provides insight into specific pathway vulnerabilities in molecularly defined pediatric tumor classes and uncovers biomarker-linked therapeutic opportunities of clinical relevance. Cell line data and resources are provided in an open access portal.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Xin Sun
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Paul Daniel
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Bradshaw
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Hui Shi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Melissa Loi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nicole Chew
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Sarah Parackal
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Vanessa Tsui
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Yuqing Liang
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Neurosurgery Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Shazia Adjumain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Christie Sun
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dasun Fernando
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Caroline Drinkwater
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Motahhareh Tourchi
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dilru Habarakada
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Diana Carvalho
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Phillip B Storm
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Neurosurgery Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Valerie Baubet
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Neurosurgery Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Leanne C Sayles
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
| | - Elisabet Fernandez
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Thy Nguyen
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Mia Pörksen
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anh Doan
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Duncan E Crombie
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Monty Panday
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Nataliya Zhukova
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew D Dun
- Hunter Cancer Research Alliance, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia
| | - Louise E Ludlow
- Children's Cancer Centre Biobank, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bryan Day
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Brett W Stringer
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Naama Neeman
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jeffrey A Rubens
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Eric H Raabe
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Maria Vinci
- Department of Onco-haematology, Cell and Gene Therapy, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital-IRCCS, 00165 Rome, Italy
| | - Vanessa Tyrrell
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul G Ekert
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Cancer Immunotherapy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Department of Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Biljana Dumevska
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David S Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW 2031, Australia
| | - Maria Tsoli
- Children's Cancer Institute, Lowy Cancer Research Centre, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nur Farhana Syed Sulaiman
- Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumours Programme, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | - Amos Hong Pheng Loh
- VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumours Programme, Singapore 229899, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore 169857, Singapore
| | - Sharon Yin Yee Low
- Neurosurgical Service, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore 229899, Singapore; VIVA-KKH Paediatric Brain and Solid Tumours Programme, Singapore 229899, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Neuroscience Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore 308433, Singapore; SingHealth-Duke NUS Paediatrics Academic Clinical Programme, Singapore 229899, Singapore
| | | | - Michelle Monje
- Department of Neurology, Neurological Sciences, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Adam Resnick
- Center for Data Driven Discovery in Biomedicine, Neurosurgery Department, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Chris Jones
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK; Division of Cancer Therapeutics, The Institute of Cancer Research, London SM2 5NG, UK
| | - Peter Downie
- Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Bryan Williams
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Joseph Rosenbluh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Jason E Cain
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Crowley A, Dhochartaigh DN, Murphy A, Gough D, Fitzpatrick M. 71 A MOBILITY PROFILE OF THE PATIENTS ADMITTED TO AN ESD SERVICE IN IRELAND. Age Ageing 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afac218.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early Supported Discharge (ESD) allows patients to receive multidisciplinary stroke rehabilitation in their own home upon discharge from the acute hospital setting. ESD is recognised as international best practice for patients with mild to moderate impairments post stroke. An ESD team was set up in September 2020 from an acute hospital. A retrospective audit was carried out to profile the mobility of patients referred to the physiotherapy ESD service.
Methods
A retrospective chart audit was carried out on 42 patients referred to physiotherapy during the first six months of the ESD service. Data was collected on admission and discharge from hospital, for those patients being referred to ESD on the following: age, mobility, Berg Balance Scale score and length of stay.
Results
The mean age of the patient group was 70 (range 41 – 80 years). On discharge to ESD, 80 % of patients were independently mobile with or without an aid . Supervision or assistance of one person was required by 20% of patients. Thirty percent of patients were off their baseline mobility on discharge to the ESD service. The average Berg Balance Scale score was 51. The mean length of inpatient stay for ESD patients was 12 days compared to 33 days for those awaiting offsite rehabilitation.
Conclusion
This data demonstrates that the majority of patients admitted to ESD were independent with mobility. This patient cohort most likely required higher level physiotherapy interventions such as exercise tolerance progression, community integration and upper limb rehabilitation. Further research should evaluate the range of interventions provided within this ESD physiotherapy service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Crowley
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | | - A Murphy
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | - D Gough
- St. Vincent's University Hospital , Dublin, Ireland
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Daniel P, Sun C, Koptyra M, Drinkwater C, Chew N, Bradshaw G, Loi M, Shi C, Tourchi M, Parackal S, Chong WC, Fernando D, Adjumain S, Nguyen H, Habarakada D, Sooraj D, Crombie D, Zhukova N, Jones C, Rubens J, Raabe E, Vinci M, Dun M, Ludlow L, Nazarian J, Fletcher J, Ekert P, Ziegler D, Loh AHP, Low SYY, Monje M, Neeman N, Williams B, Resnick A, Gough D, Cain J, Firestein R. MODL-17. The Childhood Brain Cancer Cell Line Atlas: A Resource for Biomarker Identification and Therapeutic Development. Neuro Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noac079.640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Cell lines represent the most versatile and widely used models of cancer and, as such, are critical for identifying and advancing new therapies. Strikingly, there is a significant gap in both the number of childhood brain cancer cell lines and their characterisation compared to their adult counterparts. To address this inequity, we established a childhood brain cancer cell line atlas (publicly available at vicpcc.org.au/dashboard) encompassing over 180 childhood CNS-derived cell lines, representing 20 tumour types and 11 molecular subtypes. Cell lines are characterized by whole genome, RNA-sequencing, phospho- and total proteomics, DNA methylation and ATAC-seq analyses. Multi-omic factor analysis revealed distinct lineage-specified classification of our cell line cohort. In parallel, high throughput drug and CRISPR/Cas9 screens were conducted to map the functional dependencies in over 70 childhood CNS cell lines, including 47 paediatric high grade glioma models. These screens identified both lineage and molecular-subtype specific genetic and drug dependencies, underscoring the utility of this wide-scale approach. Machine based learning approaches to predict genotype-phenotype correlations uncovered distinct paediatric-specific biomarkers of growth dependency, highlighting the unique genetic wiring underlying paediatric CNS tumours. Finally, by integrating functional, molecular and drug profiles of paediatric CNS cell lines, we construct a system to prioritize investigation of novel therapeutic target-biomarkers pairs in specific CNS tumour types.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paul Daniel
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Claire Sun
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Mateusz Koptyra
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Childrens Brain Tumor Network , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | | | - Nicole Chew
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Melissa Loi
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Claire Shi
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Sarah Parackal
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Wai Chin Chong
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Dasun Fernando
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Shazia Adjumain
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Hoang Nguyen
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Duncan Crombie
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Chris Jones
- Institute of Cancer Research , London , United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey Rubens
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Eric Raabe
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine , Baltimore, MD , USA
| | - Maria Vinci
- Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital , Rome , Italy
| | - Matt Dun
- University of Newcastle , Newcastle, NSW , Australia
| | - Louise Ludlow
- Royal Children's Hospital , Melbourne, VIC , Australia
| | | | - Jamie Fletcher
- Children's Cancer Institute of Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - Paul Ekert
- Children's Cancer Institute of Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | - David Ziegler
- Children's Cancer Institute of Australia , Sydney, NSW , Australia
| | | | | | | | - Naama Neeman
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Bryan Williams
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Adam Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, PA , USA
- Childrens Brain Tumor Network , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Daniel Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
| | - Jason Cain
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
- Childrens Brain Tumor Network , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| | - Ron Firestein
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research , Clayton, VIC , Australia
- Childrens Brain Tumor Network , Philadelphia, PA , USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sun C, Drinkwater C, Sooraj D, Bradshaw G, Shi C, Fernando D, Parackal S, Gough D, Cain J, Firestein R. MODL-21. INTEGRATIVE APPROACHES IN FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS TO IDENTIFY GENETIC DEPENDENCIES IN PEDIATRIC BRAIN CANCER. Neuro Oncol 2020. [PMCID: PMC7715632 DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noaa222.594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The precise decoding of human genomes facilitated by the advancements in next-generation sequencing has led to a better understanding of genetic underpinnings of pediatric brain cancers. Indeed, it is now evident that tumours of the same type harbour distinct driving mutations and molecular aberrations that can result in different prognosis and treatment outcomes. The profounder insight into the the identity, amount and types of molecular aberrations has paved the way for the advent of targeted therapies in precision medicine. Nevertheless, less than 10% of pediatric cancer patients harbour actionable mutations. Strictly limited therapeutic options that are firstly available for brain cancers and secondly acceptable for children’s development further impede the breakthrough in the survival rate in pediatric brain cancers. This underscores a desperate need to delve beyond genomic sequencing to identify biomarker coupled therapies that not only featured with treatment efficacy in the central nervous system but also acceptable side effects for children. The Hudson-Monash Paediatric Precision Medicine (HMPPM) Program focuses on utilising genetic profiles of patients’ tumour models to identify new therapeutic targets and repurpose existing ones using high-throughput functional genomics screens (2220 drugs and CRISPR screen of 300 oncogenic genes). Using a large compendium of over sixty patient derived paediatric brain cancer models, we provide proof-of-concept data that shows an integrative pipeline for functional genomics with multi-omics datasets to perform genotype-phenotype correlations and, therefore, identify genetic dependencies. Herein, using several examples in ATRT, DIPG and HGG, we show how functional interrogations can better define molecular subclassification of tumours and identify unique vulnerabilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Claire Sun
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Dhanya Sooraj
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Claire Shi
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Dasun Fernando
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Sarah Parackal
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason Cain
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Ron Firestein
- Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Balic JJ, White CL, Dawson R, Gough D, McCormack MP, Jenkins BJ. STAT3-driven hematopoiesis and lymphopoiesis abnormalities are dependent on serine phosphorylation. Cytokine 2020; 130:155059. [PMID: 32200265 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2020.155059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Deregulated activation of the latent transcription factor STAT3 has been implicated in the pathogenesis of myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative hematologic disorders. The uncontrolled activation of STAT3 has traditionally been assigned to its elevated phosphorylation at tyrosine 705 (pY705) and associated nuclear transcriptional activity. By contrast, a transcriptional role for serine 727 phosphorylation (pS727) of STAT3 has recently emerged, suggesting that pS727 may account for the pathological activity of STAT3 in certain disease settings. Here, by coupling pS727-STAT3-deficient Stat3SA/SA mice with a STAT3-driven mouse model (gp130F/F) for myeloproliferative and lymphoproliferative pathologies, we reveal a key role for pS727-STAT3 in promoting multiple hematologic pathologies. The genetic blockade of pS727-STAT3 in gp130F/F:Stat3SA/SA mice ameliorated the neutrophilia, thrombocytosis, splenomegaly and lymphadenopathy that are features of gp130F/F mice. The protection against thrombocytosis in gp130F/F:Stat3SA/SA mice coincided with normalized megakaryopoiesis in both bone marrow and spleen compartments. Interestingly, pS727-STAT3-mediated abnormal lymphopoiesis in gp130F/F mice was more pronounced in lymph nodes compared to thymus, and was characterized by elevated numbers of B cells at the expense of T cells. Furthermore, pS727-STAT3 dependency for these hematologic pathologies coincided with transcriptional activity on STAT3-regulated genes, rather than its effect on mitochondrial and metabolic genes. Collectively, these findings suggest that pS727 plays a critical pathological role in modulating the transcriptional activity of STAT3 in hematologic disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesse J Balic
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Christine L White
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Ruby Dawson
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Matthew P McCormack
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia
| | - Brendan J Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia; Department of Molecular Translational Science, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu YD, Yu L, Ying L, Balic J, Gao H, Deng NT, West A, Yan F, Ji CB, Gough D, Tan P, Jenkins BJ, Li JK. Toll-like receptor 2 regulates metabolic reprogramming in gastric cancer via superoxide dismutase 2. Int J Cancer 2019; 144:3056-3069. [PMID: 30536754 PMCID: PMC6590666 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.32060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play critical roles in host defense after recognition of conserved microbial- and host-derived components, and their dysregulation is a common feature of various inflammation-associated cancers, including gastric cancer (GC). Despite the recent recognition that metabolic reprogramming is a hallmark of cancer, the molecular effectors of altered metabolism during tumorigenesis remain unclear. Here, using bioenergetics function assays on human GC cells, we reveal that ligand-induced activation of TLR2, predominantly through TLR1/2 heterodimer, augments both oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and glycolysis, with a bias toward glycolytic activity. Notably, DNA microarray-based expression profiling of human cancer cells stimulated with TLR2 ligands demonstrated significant enrichment of gene-sets for oncogenic pathways previously implicated in metabolic regulation, including reactive oxygen species (ROS), p53 and Myc. Moreover, the redox gene encoding the manganese-dependent mitochondrial enzyme, superoxide dismutase (SOD)2, was strongly induced at the mRNA and protein levels by multiple signaling pathways downstream of TLR2, namely JAK-STAT3, JNK MAPK and NF-κB. Furthermore, siRNA-mediated suppression of SOD2 ameliorated the TLR2-induced metabolic shift in human GC cancer cells. Importantly, patient-derived tissue microarrays and bioinformatics interrogation of clinical datasets indicated that upregulated expression of TLR2 and SOD2 were significantly correlated in human GC, and the TLR2-SOD2 axis was associated with multiple clinical parameters of advanced stage disease, including distant metastasis, microvascular invasion and stage, as well as poor survival. Collectively, our findings reveal a novel TLR2-SOD2 axis as a potential biomarker for therapy and prognosis in cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- You Dong Liu
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Liang Yu
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Le Ying
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Jesse Balic
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Hugh Gao
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Nian Tao Deng
- Tumour Progression Cancer DivisionGarvan Institute of Medical ResearchDarlinghurstNSWAustralia
| | - Alison West
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Feng Yan
- Australian Centre for Blood DiseasesMonash UniversityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Cheng Bo Ji
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
- Centre for Cancer ResearchHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Patrick Tan
- Genome Institute of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer and Stem Cell BiologyDuke‐NUS Medical SchoolSingaporeSingapore
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeSingaporeSingapore
| | - Brendan J. Jenkins
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious DiseasesHudson Institute of Medical ResearchClaytonVICAustralia
- Department of Molecular Translational Science, Faculty of MedicineNursing and Health Sciences, Monash UniversityClaytonVICAustralia
| | - Ji Kun Li
- Department of General SurgeryShanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Abstract
The tightly orchestrated temporal and spatial control of signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) activity in epithelial, immune and stromal cells is critical for wound healing and tissue repair. Excessive STAT3 activation within cancer cells and cells of the tumour microenvironment can be viewed as a neoplastic mimic of an inflammation-driven repair response that collectively promotes tumour progression. In addition to the canonical transcriptional pathways by which STAT3 promotes stem cell-like characteristics, survival, proliferation, metastatic potential and immune evasion, cytoplasmic STAT3 activity fuels tumour growth by metabolic and other non-transcriptional mechanisms. Here, we review the tumour-modulating activities of STAT3 in light of its role as a signalling node integrating inflammatory responses during wound healing. Accordingly, many of the cytokines that contribute to the para-inflammatory state of most solid malignancies converge on and underpin dysregulated STAT3 activity. Targeting of these cytokines, their cognate receptors and associated signalling cascades in clinical trials is beginning to demonstrate therapeutic efficacy, given that interference with STAT3 activity is likely to simultaneously curb the growth of cancer cells and augment antitumour immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huynh
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ashwini Chand
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Centre for Cancer Research, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute and La Trobe University School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sandow JJ, Rainczuk A, Infusini G, Makanji M, Bilandzic M, Wilson AL, Fairweather N, Stanton PG, Garama D, Gough D, Jobling TW, Webb AI, Stephens AN. Discovery and Validation of Novel Protein Biomarkers in Ovarian Cancer Patient Urine. Proteomics Clin Appl 2018; 12:e1700135. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201700135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jarrod J. Sandow
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Adam Rainczuk
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Giuseppe Infusini
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Ming Makanji
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Maree Bilandzic
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Amy L. Wilson
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | | | - Peter G. Stanton
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Garama
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Daniel Gough
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
| | - Thomas W. Jobling
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology; Monash Medical Centre; Clayton VIC Australia
| | - Andrew I. Webb
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Department of Medical Biology; University of Melbourne; Parkville VIC Australia
| | - Andrew N. Stephens
- Department of Molecular and Translational Sciences; Monash University; VIC Australia
- Centre for Cancer Research; Hudson Institute of Medical Research; VIC Australia
- Epworth Research Institute; Epworth HealthCare; Richmond VIC Australia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jull J, Whitehead M, Petticrew M, Kristjansson E, Gough D, Petkovic J, Volmink J, Weijer C, Taljaard M, Edwards S, Mbuagbaw L, Cookson R, McGowan J, Lyddiatt A, Boyer Y, Cuervo LG, Armstrong R, White H, Yoganathan M, Pantoja T, Shea B, Pottie K, Norheim O, Baird S, Robberstad B, Sommerfelt H, Asada Y, Wells G, Tugwell P, Welch V. When is a randomised controlled trial health equity relevant? Development and validation of a conceptual framework. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e015815. [PMID: 28951402 PMCID: PMC5623521 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-015815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Randomised controlled trials can provide evidence relevant to assessing the equity impact of an intervention, but such information is often poorly reported. We describe a conceptual framework to identify health equity-relevant randomised trials with the aim of improving the design and reporting of such trials. METHODS An interdisciplinary and international research team engaged in an iterative consensus building process to develop and refine the conceptual framework via face-to-face meetings, teleconferences and email correspondence, including findings from a validation exercise whereby two independent reviewers used the emerging framework to classify a sample of randomised trials. RESULTS A randomised trial can usefully be classified as 'health equity relevant' if it assesses the effects of an intervention on the health or its determinants of either individuals or a population who experience ill health due to disadvantage defined across one or more social determinants of health. Health equity-relevant randomised trials can either exclusively focus on a single population or collect data potentially useful for assessing differential effects of the intervention across multiple populations experiencing different levels or types of social disadvantage. Trials that are not classified as 'health equity relevant' may nevertheless provide information that is indirectly relevant to assessing equity impact, including information about individual level variation unrelated to social disadvantage and potentially useful in secondary modelling studies. CONCLUSION The conceptual framework may be used to design and report randomised trials. The framework could also be used for other study designs to contribute to the evidence base for improved health equity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Jull
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Whitehead
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M Petticrew
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - E Kristjansson
- Centre for Research on Educational and Community Services, School of Psychology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - D Gough
- Department of Social Science, Evidence for Policy and Practice Information and Co-ordinating Centre, Social Science Research Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - J Petkovic
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Bruyère Research Institute, Elisabeth Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - J Volmink
- The South African Cochrane Center, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town, South Africa
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - C Weijer
- Rotman Institute of Philosophy, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada
| | - M Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - S Edwards
- Research Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, UK
| | - L Mbuagbaw
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
- Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada
| | - R Cookson
- Centre for Health Economics, University of York, York, UK
| | - J McGowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - A Lyddiatt
- Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, Ontario, Canada
| | - Y Boyer
- Brandon University, Brandon, Manitoba, Canada
| | - L G Cuervo
- Office of Knowledge Management, Bioethics and Research, Pan American Health Organization/World Health Organization, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - R Armstrong
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H White
- Campbell Collaboration, New Delhi, India
| | - M Yoganathan
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Bruyère Research Institute, Elisabeth Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - T Pantoja
- Department of Family Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - B Shea
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Bruyère Research Institute, Elisabeth Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - O Norheim
- Centre for Intervention Science in Matnernal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Health Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - S Baird
- Department of Global Health, Milken Institute School of Public Health, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia, USA
| | - B Robberstad
- Centre for Intervention Science in Matnernal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - H Sommerfelt
- Centre for Intervention Science in Matnernal and Child Health (CISMAC), University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for International Health, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Y Asada
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - G Wells
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
- Ottawa Heart Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - P Tugwell
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Bruyère Research Institute, Elisabeth Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| | - V Welch
- Bruyère Continuing Care, Bruyère Research Institute, Elisabeth Bruyere Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Appleby N, Groarke E, Crowley M, Wahab FA, McCann AM, Egan L, Gough D, McMahon G, O'Donghaile D, O'Keeffe D, O'Connell N. Reversal of warfarin anticoagulation using prothrombin complex concentrate at 25 IU kg−1: results of the RAPID study. Transfus Med 2016; 27:66-71. [DOI: 10.1111/tme.12371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Appleby
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - E. Groarke
- Department of Haematology; Limerick University Hospital; Limerick Ireland
| | - M. Crowley
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - F. A. Wahab
- Department of Haematology; Limerick University Hospital; Limerick Ireland
| | - A. M. McCann
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - L. Egan
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - D. Gough
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - G. McMahon
- Department of Emergency Medicine; St. James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - D. O'Donghaile
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| | - D. O'Keeffe
- Department of Haematology; Limerick University Hospital; Limerick Ireland
| | - N. O'Connell
- Department of Haematology; St James's University Hospital; Dublin Ireland
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Gough D, Garama D, Hay MA, Levy D. ID: 118. Cytokine 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2015.08.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
14
|
Welch V, Jull J, Petkovic J, Armstrong R, Boyer Y, Cuervo LG, Edwards S, Lydiatt A, Gough D, Grimshaw J, Kristjansson E, Mbuagbaw L, McGowan J, Moher D, Pantoja T, Petticrew M, Pottie K, Rader T, Shea B, Taljaard M, Waters E, Weijer C, Wells GA, White H, Whitehead M, Tugwell P. Protocol for the development of a CONSORT-equity guideline to improve reporting of health equity in randomized trials. Implement Sci 2015; 10:146. [PMID: 26490367 PMCID: PMC4618136 DOI: 10.1186/s13012-015-0332-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health equity concerns the absence of avoidable and unfair differences in health. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) can provide evidence about the impact of an intervention on health equity for specific disadvantaged populations or in general populations; this is important for equity-focused decision-making. Previous work has identified a lack of adequate reporting guidelines for assessing health equity in RCTs. The objective of this study is to develop guidelines to improve the reporting of health equity considerations in RCTs, as an extension of the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT). METHODS/DESIGN A six-phase study using integrated knowledge translation governed by a study executive and advisory board will assemble empirical evidence to inform the CONSORT-equity extension. To create the guideline, the following steps are proposed: (1) develop a conceptual framework for identifying "equity-relevant trials," (2) assess empirical evidence regarding reporting of equity-relevant trials, (3) consult with global methods and content experts on how to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (4) collect broad feedback and prioritize items needed to improve reporting of health equity in RCTs, (5) establish consensus on the CONSORT-equity extension: the guideline for equity-relevant trials, and (6) broadly disseminate and implement the CONSORT-equity extension. DISCUSSION This work will be relevant to a broad range of RCTs addressing questions of effectiveness for strategies to improve practice and policy in the areas of social determinants of health, clinical care, health systems, public health, and international development, where health and/or access to health care is a primary outcome. The outcomes include a reporting guideline (CONSORT-equity extension) for equity-relevant RCTs and a knowledge translation strategy to broadly encourage its uptake and use by journal editors, authors, and funding agencies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Welch
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Jull
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - J Petkovic
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - R Armstrong
- Centre for Health Equity, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 5/207 Bouverie St Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Y Boyer
- Canada Research Chair in Aboriginal Health and Wellness, Brandon University, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - L G Cuervo
- Research Promotion and Development Office of Knowledge Management, Bioethics and Research Pan American Health Organization, World Health Organization, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Sjl Edwards
- Research Ethics and Governance, University College London, London, England.
| | - A Lydiatt
- Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Gough
- Department of Social Science, University College London, London, UK.
| | - J Grimshaw
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Medicine University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - E Kristjansson
- School of Psychology, Institute of Population Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - L Mbuagbaw
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Biostatistics Unit, Father Sean O'Sullivan Research Centre, St Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, ON, Canada. .,Centre for the Development of Best Practices in Health (CDBPH), Yaoundé Central Hospital, Avenue Henri Dunant, Messa, Yaoundé, Cameroon.
| | - J McGowan
- Department of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - D Moher
- Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - T Pantoja
- Department of Family Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Centro Médico San Joaquín Vicuña Mackenna 4686, Macul, Santiago, Chile.
| | - M Petticrew
- Department of Social and Environmental Health Research, Public Health Evaluation, Faculty of Public Health and Policy, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, England.
| | - K Pottie
- Departments of Family Medicine and Epidemiology and Community Medicine Primary Care Research Group and Equity Methods Group, Bruyere Research Institute; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - T Rader
- Canadian Agency for Drugs and Technology in Health, 865 Carling Ave Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - B Shea
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - M Taljaard
- Clinical Epidemiology Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute; School of Epidemiology, Public Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - E Waters
- Public Health Insight, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, 5/207 Bouverie St Carlton 3010, Victoria, Australia.
| | - C Weijer
- Rotman Institute of Philosophy, Western University, 1151 Richmond Street, London, Ontario, Canada.
| | - G A Wells
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| | - H White
- Alfred Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - M Whitehead
- Department of Public Health and Policy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - P Tugwell
- Bruyère Research Institute, Bruyère Continuing Care and University of Ottawa, 85 Primrose, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
O'Leary P, Neary P, McCourt M, Andrews E, O'Riordain M, O'Boyle C, Gough D, Wang J, Redmond H. 180. The peri-operative role of the anti-neoplastic agent taurolidine in colon cancer: a prospective multicentre randomised clinical trial. Eur J Surg Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejso.2012.06.178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
|
16
|
Bambury RM, Coleman NH, Tharmabala MM, Gough D, Grogan W, Breathnach OS. Adjuvant chemotherapy for colorectal cancer in the over 75 age group: A 10-year experience. J Clin Oncol 2010. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.3605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
17
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early aggressive behaviour is a risk factor for later violence and criminal behaviour. Despite over 20 years of violence prevention interventions being delivered in the school setting, questions remain regarding the effectiveness of different interventions for children exhibiting aggressive behaviour. OBJECTIVES To examine the effect of school based violence prevention programmes for children identified as aggressive or at risk of being aggressive. SEARCH STRATEGY We searched CENTRAL, Cochrane Injuries Group specialised register, MEDLINE, EMBASE, other specialised databases and reference lists of articles. We also contacted authors and organisations to identify any further studies. SELECTION CRITERIA We included trials meeting the following criteria; 1) participants were randomly assigned to intervention and control groups; 2) outcome data were collected concurrently; 3) participants comprised children in mandatory education identified as exhibiting, or at risk of, aggressive behaviour; 4) interventions designed to reduce aggression, violence, bullying, conflict or anger; 5) school based interventions; 6) outcomes included aggressive behaviour, school and agency responses to acts of aggression, or violent injuries. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were collected on design, participants, interventions, outcomes and indicators of study quality. Results of any intervention to no intervention were compared immediately post-intervention and at 12 months using meta-analysis where appropriate. MAIN RESULTS Of 56 trials identified, none reported data on violent injuries. Aggressive behaviour was significantly reduced in intervention groups compared to no intervention groups immediately post intervention in 34 trials with data, (Standardised Mean Difference (SMD) = -0.41; 95% confidence interval (CI) -0.56 to -0.26). This effect was maintained in the seven studies reporting 12 month follow-up (SMD = -0.40, (95% CI -0.73 to -0.06)). School or agency disciplinary actions in response to aggressive behaviour were reduced in intervention groups for nine trials with data, SMD = -0.48; 95% CI -1.16 to 0.19, although this difference may have been due to chance and was not maintained, based on two studies reporting follow-up to two to four months (SMD = 0.03; 95% CI -0.42 to 0.47). Subgroup analyses suggested that interventions designed to improve relationship or social skills may be more effective than interventions designed to teach skills of non-response to provocative situations, but that benefits were similar when delivered to children in primary versus secondary school, and to groups of mixed sex versus boys alone. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS School-based secondary prevention programmes to reduce aggressive behaviour appear to produce improvements in behaviour greater than would have been expected by chance. Benefits can be achieved in both primary and secondary school age groups and in both mixed sex groups and boys-only groups. Further research is required to establish whether such programmes reduce the incidence of violent injuries or if the benefits identified can be maintained beyond 12 months.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Mytton
- University of the West of England, Bristol, Faculty of Health and Social Care, Glenside Campus, Rm 2E16, Blackberry Hill, Stapleton, Bristol, UK BS16 1DD.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Mytton JA, DiGuiseppi C, Gough D, Logan S, Taylor R. School based secondary prevention programmes for preventing violence. THE COCHRANE DATABASE OF SYSTEMATIC REVIEWS 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd004606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|
19
|
|
20
|
Rozee KR, Acott P, Lee SHS, Crocker JFS, Gough D, MacDonald J, Evans J, Murphy MG. Elevated anticardiolipin antibodies in acute liver failure. Biochim Biophys Acta 2003; 1637:183-6. [PMID: 12697298 DOI: 10.1016/s0925-4439(03)00034-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Antibodies to cardiolipin (aCLA), a phospholipid primarily localized in inner mitochondrial membranes, were transiently elevated (P<0.01) when mice were exposed to an industrial surfactant and then infected with influenza B virus, a model of acute liver failure (ALF). Children with ALF also had elevated levels of aCLA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K R Rozee
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dalhousie University, Nova Scotia, B3H 4H7, Halifax, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Elbourne D, Oakley A, Gough D. Collaboration with the Campbell collaboration. EPPI centre reviews will aim to disseminate systematic reviews in education. BMJ 2001; 323:1253. [PMID: 11758524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
|
22
|
Middleton J, Reeves E, Lilford R, Howie F, Hyde C, Elbourne D, Oakley A, Gough D. Collaboration with the Campbell Collaboration. BMJ 2001. [DOI: 10.1136/bmj.323.7323.1252a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
|
23
|
|
24
|
Affiliation(s)
- D Gough
- Institute of Astronomy, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0HA, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
|
26
|
Gough D. Hungry for peace. Nurs Times 1998; 94:16. [PMID: 9633405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
27
|
Gough D. A battle to care. Nurs Times 1998; 94:38-9. [PMID: 9735749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
|
28
|
Gough D. Is the weed a killer? Nurs Times 1998; 94:16. [PMID: 9510756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
|
29
|
Affiliation(s)
- D Gough
- Department of Social Welfare, Japan Women's University, Kanagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the efficacy of the Whitaker diathermy hook in the treatment of posterior urethral valves (PUV). PATIENTS AND METHODS Seventeen patients with PUV underwent primary treatment under general anaesthesia using a diathermy hook. The results were assessed by the clinical course of the patient, serial measurements of serum creatinine level and repeat cystography 6 weeks and 6 months after treatment. RESULTS There were no complications in 12 patients and they required no further treatment of the valves. Three patients required a repeat procedure which resolved the urethral obstruction. Two patients continued to show incomplete disruption of the valves and required endoscopic treatment. Two patients developed ureteric obstruction after disruption of the valves, which was treated by supravesical diversion and later reversed with no further treatment of the valves. CONCLUSIONS The Whitaker diathermy hook is a safe and effective instrument which has not gained its rightful place in the treatment of patients with PUV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Chandna
- Department of Urology, Manchester Children's Hospitals, UK
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of the epidemiology and natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is incomplete without reference to the early phase of infection. The prevalence of HCV infection is well documented in numerous reports. The seroconversion pattern in previously antibody-negative blood donors provides a model for the study of the incidence and transmission of HCV infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Records of HCV antibody tests at the West Midlands Blood Transfusion Centre were reviewed to determine the seroconversion rate in 1994 among previously anti-HCV-negative blood donors. Seroconverting donors were counseled to investigate the possible routes of infection. RESULTS In 1994, blood donations (n = 256,935) were collected from 149,370 donors; 24 donors (0.016%; 1/6224) were positive in the screening enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and the third-generation recombinant immunoblot assay (RIBA-3). Two donors previously negative for HCV antibody in ELISA were positive in both tests in 1994. Four donors positive in ELISA and indeterminate in RIBA-3 in 1993 reacted positively in both tests in 1994. One donor negative for HCV antibody on previous screening reacted positively in ELISA and was indeterminate in RIBA-3 in 1994 and has become positive in both tests in 1995. A further 43 donors negative for HCV antibody on previous screening reacted positively in ELISA and were indeterminate in RIBA-3 in 1994. CONCLUSION Documented seroconversion can take place in the absence of exposure to recognizable risk factors for the infection. The index donation or the donation immediately preceding seroconversion may be positive for HCV RNA in the polymerase chain reaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Atrah
- West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Atrah HI, Parry JV, Gough D, Tosswill J, Ala FA. Management of blood donors whose donations are repeatedly falsely positive by the HIV antibody screening test. J Clin Pathol 1995; 48:865-7. [PMID: 7490323 PMCID: PMC502878 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.48.9.865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Since 1985, over 1,800,000 donations have been screened by the West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Service for antibody to HIV. Twelve regular donors gave three or more donations that were alternatingly positive and negative in the screening test, but not confirmed to be HIV positive by supplementary testing. Extensive investigation of six of these donors, including the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), failed to confirm HIV infection. The donors were reassured but, nevertheless, retired to comply with the guidelines of the National Blood Transfusion Service. These findings indicate that, for UK donors, ambiguous serological findings are unlikely to reflect HIV infection. On the rare occasions where serological results are particularly ambiguous, PCR testing of donors' blood may be helpful.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Atrah
- West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Abstract
The results of hepatitis C virus (HCV) antibody test of 237,813 blood donations collected from 143,815 donors by the West Midlands Blood Transfusion Centre in 1993 were analyzed retrospectively in order to determine the seroconversion rate among established previously anti-HCV negative donors. Three hundred sixteen (0.22%; 1 in 455) donors were positive by the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) screening test and 34 (0.024%; 1 in 4,230) donors were positive by ELISA and the Recombinant Immuno Blot Assay (RIBA). Three donors previously negative for HCV antibody reacted positively by both tests. The annual seroconversion rate was calculated as one in 35,937 donors. This figure argues against limitation of HCV antibody screening to new blood donors. A further 45 donors negative on previous screening reacted positively by ELISA and were indeterminate by RIBA. Unexpectedly, lapsed blood donors first tested for HCV antibody in 1993 had high positive reaction rates by ELISA and RIBA, which was significantly (P < 0.001) higher than those of new donors. RIBA-positive reaction rate among ELISA-positive donors was significantly higher amongst males than females (P < 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Atrah
- West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Edgbaston, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
An extra-peritoneal flank approach was used to gain access to the left pelviureteric junction of 8 young pigs. The operative procedure was simple and took 15 min to complete. There were no serious complications, analgesia requirements were negligible and all animals re-established on feeds within 12 h post-operatively. The operative procedure is described; due to the above considerations the flank approach to the porcine kidney can be recommended.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Bowen
- Biological Sciences Unit, Manchester, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
Cases of child abuse identified by a hot-line telephone service and by a survey of health and welfare agencies are reported. Many consultations to the telephone hot-line were from mothers concerned about maltreating their own children. In such cases, the extent of abuse was often mild to moderate, and many of those mothers were troubled about child care in the relatively segregated context of the nuclear family. In only a few cases did the callers indicate that the children's life was in danger. In the administrative survey, however, deaths occurred in 5% of the cases, and the abused children frequently had physical and psychological symptoms. There were also more frequent and more serious family problems in the administrative survey compared to the telephone consultation cases. The findings of these surveys suggest that many children and parents are suffering from child abuse in Japan, that many cases are currently not being identified by health and welfare agencies, and that a wide range of measures, from protection of severely abused children to prevention of abuse, are necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Kobayashi
- Department of Developmental Pediatrics, Osaka Medical Center, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Pritchard J, Imeson J, Barnes J, Cotterill S, Gough D, Marsden HB, Morris-Jones P, Pearson D. Results of the United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group first Wilms' Tumor Study. J Clin Oncol 1995; 13:124-33. [PMID: 7799012 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1995.13.1.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The first United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group (UKCCSG) Wilms' Tumor Trial (UKW1) applied treatment regimens stratified by stage and histology in accordance with National Wilms' Tumor Study (NWTS) criteria, seeking to reduce treatment of low-stage, favorable-histology (FH) tumors without impairing survival and to improve prognosis of stage III and IV (FH) and unfavorable-histology (UH) tumors with more intensive chemotherapy. PATIENTS AND METHODS Three hundred eighty-four consecutively diagnosed patients with Wilms' tumor were recruited from the 20 UKCCSG centers and Oslo, Norway, between January 1980 and June 1986. The regimen for stage I patients was vincristine (Vcr) only, while stage II patients received Vcr and dactinomycin (Act-D). Stage III patients received three-drug therapy and stage IV and UH patients four-drug regimens. Act-D was given as pulsed doses of 1.5 mg/m2 every 3 or every 6 weeks. No lung irradiation was used in stage IV patients. No randomized comparisons were attempted. End points were survival and event-free survival (EFS). RESULTS Survival at 6 years in FH patients was 96% for stage I, 93% for stage II, 83% for stage III, 65% for stage IV, and 50% for UH patients of all stages. CONCLUSION Vcr alone is as effective for stage I FH tumors as the two-drug regimen used in the NWTS and International Society of Pediatric Oncology (SIOP) studies. Fractionation of Act-D is unnecessary. The poorer results for stage IV FH and UH patients compared with the NWTS may be due to treatment differences, such as the use of lung irradiation for stage IV FH patients in NWTS3, and/or to case selection bias.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Pritchard
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Leicester, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Of 52 blood donors (25 men and 27 women) counselled because their donation tested positive for hepatitis C virus antibody, seven (13.5%) gave a history of practising the ritual of blood exchange in their childhood or early adult life. This practice can cause transmission of blood borne infections or alloimmunisation, or both.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H I Atrah
- West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Service, Edgbaston, Birmingham
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Woods MS, Traverso LW, Kozarek RA, Tsao J, Rossi RL, Gough D, Donohue JH. Characteristics of biliary tract complications during laparoscopic cholecystectomy: a multi-institutional study. Am J Surg 1994; 167:27-33; discussion 33-4. [PMID: 8311137 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9610(94)90050-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We collected the records of 81 patients with biliary tract injuries occurring during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) who were referred to 3 referral centers during a 33-month (May 1990 to March 1993) period. All records were reviewed to provide data concerning the anatomy of the lesion induced, method of injury, timing of injury detection, role of intraoperative cholangiography (IOC), methods of treatment, and outcome of these injuries. Injuries were classified by our own method as follows: (1) cystic duct leaks (n = 15), (2) bile leaks and/or ductal strictures (n = 27), and (3) ductal transections or excisions (n = 39). Peak occurrence by quarter of the year was 4th quarter, 1990 (Lahey), and 3rd quarter, 1991 (Mason), and 1st quarter, 1992 (Mayo). The majority (62%) of the injuries were recognized after LC. At the time of LC, 31 of 81 (38%) injuries were recognized and converted to open procedures. Data regarding IOC were available in 63 of 81 (78%) cases. In patients in whom IOC was not performed, 14 of 38 (37%) operations were converted; if an IOC was obtained and interpreted correctly, 13 of 21 (62%) operations were converted. Primary repair was attempted in 11 leaks and/or strictures, but 36% required additional treatment. Primary repair was used in six transections or excisions, and 17% have required further intervention. In patients who had biliary-enteric bypass (BEB) performed outside (17) versus at the referral institution (29), 94% (16 patients) versus 0%, respectively, required additional operative (e.g., revision of a hepaticojejunostomy) or nonoperative (e.g., radiologic or endoscopic stenting or balloon dilation) procedures. When used as initial therapy or after a primary ductal repair, stents (with or without balloon dilation) resolved 100% of simple cystic duct leaks and 91% of leaks and/or strictures. In conclusion, the peak incidence of LC-related biliary injuries appears to have passed. A completed and correctly interpreted IOC increases the chance of detection of biliary injuries intraoperatively and should assist surgeons who use routine IOC. Nonsurgical techniques allow treatment of most simple cystic duct leaks, major ductal leaks and/or strictures, and postoperative BEB strictures, although follow-up is limited. The poor results of pre-referral BEB is not surprising since all of these patients were selected for referral because their treatments had not been successful.
Collapse
|
39
|
Affiliation(s)
- S R Ferryman
- Department of Pathology, General Hospital, Birmingham, UK
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
O'Donoghue J, Waldron R, Gough D, McCabe J, Kerin M, McGuire M, Horgan PG, Given HF. An analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of endoscopic biopsy and cytology in the detection of oesophageal malignancy. Eur J Surg Oncol 1992; 18:332-4. [PMID: 1521624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The role of combined cytohistological examination in the differentiation of benign from malignant oesophageal mucosal lesions was studied in 331 patients. Malignancy was confirmed by specimen histopathology in 58 patients. Both endoscopic biopsy and cytology were positive in 41 (71%) patients. Endoscopic biopsy alone suggested malignancy in 10 cases (17%) while cytology was positive after negative biopsy in seven (12%). Cytology yielded four false positive and 10 false negative results giving a sensitivity level of 81%, a specificity of 98% and a positive predictive value for oesophageal malignancy of 92%. Histology on the other hand yielded one false positive and seven false negative results providing a sensitivity of 87%, a specificity of 99% and a positive predictive value of 96%. No patients were left undiagnosed using both diagnostic modalities; cytology increased the diagnostic yield from 87% to 100%. Exfoliative cytology was most valuable in the diagnosis of tumours of the lower one-third of the oesophagus where seven of 31 malignancies (23%) were identified by this method alone (P less than 0.05). Neither the histological type of the tumour nor the morphological appearance was found significantly to affect the diagnostic yield (P greater than 0.05). We conclude that cytological examination should be standard practice in the investigation of oesophageal lesions.
Collapse
|
41
|
Coulter J, Molloy RG, Moran KT, Waldron R, Kirwan WO, O’Suilleabhain C, Horgan A, Mealy K, Burke P, Hyland J, Horgan AF, Sheehan M, Browne RM, Austin O, Clery AP, Deasy JM, Sulaiman-Shoaib S, Soeda J, O’Briain DS, Puri P, Coveney EC, McAllister V, McDermott EWM, O’Higgins NJ, Maher M, Caldwell MTP, Murchan P, Beesley W, Feeley TM, Tanner WA, Keane FBV, Abbasakoor F, Attwood SEA, McGrath LP, Stephens RB, O’Broin E, Davies MG, McGinley J, Mannion C, Gupta S, Shine MF, Lennon F, Ninan G, Fitzgerald RJ, Guiney EJ, O’Donnell B, O’Donnell AF, Luke D, Wood AE, Murphy PG, Walsh TN, Hill ADK, Li H, Hennessy TPJ, Noonan N, Breslin B, Keeling PWN, Curran AJ, Gough DB, Davidson IR, Keeling P, O’Leary DP, Smythe A, Bird NC, Johnson AG, Nicholson P, Traynor O, Dawson K, Aitken J, Cooke BA, Parbhoo SP, N.Williams N, Daly JM, Herlyn M, Bouchier-Hayes D, Stuart RC, Allen MJ, Thompson WD, Peel ALG, Hehir DT, Cronin K, McCann A, Dervan PA, Heffernan SJ, Hederman WP, Galea MH, Dilks B, Gilmour A, Ellis LO, Elston CW, Blarney RW, O’Rourke S, Mookens A, Carter R, Parkin D, Couse NF, Delaney CP, Horgan PG, Fitzpatrick JM, Gorey TF, O’Byrne JM, McCabe JP, Stephens M, McManus F, L.Mangan J, Barr DA, Mulvenna GJ, Maginn P, Kernohan WG, Mollan RAB, O’Flanagan SJ, Stack JP, Dervan P, Hurson B, Tierney S, Fitzgerald P, O’Sullivan T, Grace P, Wyatt JP, Evans RJ, Cusack SP, McGowan S, McGovem E, Schwaitzberg SD, Connolly RJ, Sullivan RP, Mortimer G, Geraghty JG, O’Dwyer PJ, McGlone BS, O’Brien DP, Younis HA, Given HF, Phelan C, Byrne J, Barry K, Gough D, Hanrahan L, Given F, Sweeney JP, Korebrits AM, Reynolds JV, Gorey TF, O’Hanlon DM, Stokes MA, Redmond HP, McCarthy J, Daly JM, Losty P, Murphy M, Butler PEM, Grace PG, Novell JR, Hobbs SK, Smith O, Hazlehurst G, Brozovic B, Rolles K, Burroughs A, Mallett S, Mehta A, Buckley D, Waldron D, O’Brien D, Curran C, Given F, Grey L, Leahy A, Darzi A, Leader D, Broe P, Geoghegan JG, Cheng CA, Lawson DC, Pappas TN, O’Sullivan D, Lieber MM, Colby TV, Barrett DM, Rogers E, Greally J, Bredin HC, Corcoran MO, Kenny M, Horgan P, Headon D, Grace A, Grace PA, Bouchier-Hayes D, Cross S, Hehir D, O’Briain S, Hartigan P, Colgan MP, Moore D, Shanik G, Zaidi SZ, Hehir DJ, Cross KS, Colgan MP, Moore DJ, Shanik DG, Lacy P, Cross S, Hehir D, Moore D, Shanik G, Coleman JE, McEnroe CS, Gelfand JA, O’Donnell TF, Callow AD, Buckley DJ, O’Riordain DS, O’Donnell JA, Meagher P, Boos K, Gillen P, Corrigan T, Vashisht R, Sian M, Sharp EJ, O’Malley MK, Kerin MJ, Wilkinson D, Parkin A, Kester RC, Maher MM, Waldron RP, Waldron DJ, Brady MP, Allen M, Lyncy TH, Waymont B, Emtage L, Blackledge GR, Hughes MA, Wallace DMA, O’Sullivan D, Mynderse L, Barrett DM, Rogers E, Grimes H, Chambers F, Lowe D, Bredin HC, Corcoran MO, Waldron DJ, Prasad B, O’Sullivan DC, Gillen MBP, McNicholas M, Traynor O, Bredin H, O’Dowd TH, Corcoran M, O’Donoghue JM, Corcoran M, McGuire M, McNamara A, Creagh T, Grainger R, McDermott TBD, Butler MR, Gleeson M, Creagh T, Grainger R, McDermott TED, Hurley JP, Hone R, Neligan M, Hurley J, White M, McDonagh P, Phelan D, McGovern E, Quinn F, Breatnach F, O’Meara A, McGrath JP, McCann SR, Gaffney EF, Hennessy A, Leader M, Taleb FS, McKiernan MV, Leyden PJ, McCann JJ, Coleman J, Quereshi A, Ajayi N, McEntee G, Osborne H, Bouchier-Hayes DJ, Johnston S, O’Malley K, Smyth E, Bouchier-Hayes DL, Darzi A, Quereshi A, McEntee G, O’Connell PR, Gorey T, McAnena OJ, Reed MW, Duncan JL, Reilly CS, McGibney C, Lawlor P, Lawless B, McGuinness E, Leahy S. Sixteenth sir peter freyer memorial lecture and surgical symposium September 13th & 14th, 1991 Session I. Ir J Med Sci 1992. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02942125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
42
|
Bolger C, Fry G, Coakley D, Philips J, Sheahan N, Malone J, Gray WP, O’Sullivan M, Buckley TF, O’Dwyer TP, Gullane PJ, Kneafsey BP, Moran KT, O’Sullivan ST, Brady MP, Coveney EC, Geraghty JG, O’Higgins NJ, O’Beirne J, Seighe P, McElwain JP, McCabe JP, Waldron B, Byme J, Waldron B, Hickey N, McCabe J, McMahon J, Colville J, Moran BJ, Frost RA, Kerin MJ, Jaeger JJ, Mitchell CJ, MacFie J, O’Hanrahan T, Scott NA, Leinhardt D, Irving MH, Gough D, White M, Morrin M, Joyce W, Phelan D, Fitzpatrick J, Gorey T, Kerin MJ, Wilkinson D, Parkin A, Kester RC, Gibney EJ, McGrath K, Cunningham AJ, Bouchier-Hayes D, Barry M, Farrell M, Monkhouse W, Bouchier-Hayes D, Dawson KJ, Hehir D, Hamilton G, Grace PA, Quereschi A, Keane R, Broe P, Bouchier-Hayes D, Stansby G, Hehir D, Fuller B, Hamilton G, Connolly A, O’Donnell J, Little D, Keane RM, Regan M, Bouchier-Hayes D, Horgan PG, Curran C, O’Brien D, Waldron D, Mooney E, Greally J, Given HF, Duffy MJ, Reilly D, Coveney E, Geraghty J, Fennelly JJ, O’Higgins N, O’Hare CM, Jones PL, Zoma TA, Hemstreet GP, Postier RG, Coleman JE, Chaikof EL, Merrill EW, Callow AD, Williams NN, Daly JM, Herlyn M, Bouchier-Hayes D, Gaffney R, Walsh M, McShane D, Timon C, Hamilton D, Connolly J, Byrne PJ, Stuart RB, Kay E, Gorey T, Hennessy TPJ, O’Leary DP, Booker M, Scott TE, LaMorte WW, Geraty JG, Angerson WA, Carter DC, Lyons J, Gough D, Stack A, Joyce W, Gorey T, Fitzpatrick JM, Kelly C, Augustine C, Kennedy J, Creagh T, Bouchier-Hayes D, Mannion D, Seigne P, Fitzpatrick G, Feeley M, Butler P, Grace P, Leader M, Curren B, Barry-Walsh C, Bouchier-Hayes D, O’Brien D, Horgan PG, Waldron R, Shearer M, Given HF, O’Rourke S, Galea M, Gilmour A, Carter R, Parkin D, Blarney RW, Hehir DJ, Parbhoo SP, Rothnie N, Crowe J, Wells C, Dawson KJ, Geraghty JG, Coveney EC, Duffy MJ, Sherry F, O’Higgins NJ, Duffy MJ, O’Grady P, Coveney E, Geraghty J, Fennelly JJ, O’Higgins NJ, Byrne J, Horgan PG, England S, O’Callaghan J, Given HF, Horgan PG, Waldron D, O’Brien D, Mooney E, Grimes H, Given HF, O’Brien D, Horgan PG, Mooney E, Waldron D, Grimes H, Given HF, Mulcahy U, Coveney EC, Smyth PPA, McAlister V, Geraghty JG, Murray MJ, O’Higgins MJ, Laoide RO, Coveney EC, Geraghty JG, Hourihane JB, O’Higgins NJ, Mooney EF, Horgan PG, Brougham C, Headon DR, Given HF, Coleman C, Coveny EC, Laoide RO, Geraghty JG, Hourihane JB, O’Higgins NJ, Jazawi S, Walsh TN, Byrne PJ, Lawlor P, Li H, Bolger C, Sanfey H, Hennessy TPJ, Joyce WP, Gough DB, Delaney PV, Gorey TF, Fitzpatrick JM, Attwood SEA, Watson A, Rogers E, Waldron RP, Glynn G, El-Bouri KU, Flynn J, Keeling P, Davies MG, Lavelle J, Connolly J, Shine MF, Lennon F, Byrne PJ, Stewart RC, Lawlor P, Walsh TN, Hennessy TP, McKiernan MV, Johnston JG, Rogers E, Greally J, Hanrahan L, Bredin HC, Corcoran MO, Norton M, Rogers E, Bredin HC, Corcoran MO, Flynn R, Gleeson M, Grainger R, McDermott TED, Lanigan D, McLean P, Curran B, Leader M, Gleeson MJ, Griffin DP, Gallagher HJ, Creagh TA, Mulvin DM, Donovan MG, Murphy DM, McLean PA, Mulvin DW, Creagh TA, O’Brien A, Murphy DM, O’Flynn KL, McDonagh R, Thomas DG, Lynch TH, Anderson P, Vaughan ATM, Beaney RP, Wallace DMA, Connolly J, Solomon L, Lavelle J, Lennon F, Shine MF, O’Riordain DS, O’Connell PR, Kirwan WO, Li H, Byrne PJ, Lawlor P, Stuart RC, Jazrawi S, Walsh TN, Hennessy TPJ, Koh TN, Sheehan SJ, McKeever J, Donohoe J, Carmody M, Osborne DH, Waldron DE, Rodgers E, Patel F, Horgan P, Corcoran M, Given HF, Walsh K, Joyce WP, Gough DB, Gorey TF, Fitzpatrick JM, O’Donoghue JM, Waldron R, Kerin MJ, McCabe JP, McAnena OJ, McGuire M, Given HF, Smyth J, Keye G, Bahadursingh A, Delaney C, Joyce WP, Gough D, Fitzpatrick JM, Gorey TF, Richie AJ, Gibbons JRP, O’Hanrahan T, Marples M, Banacewicz J, Coleman JE, Troidl H, Cassidy L, Grace P, Bouchier-Hayes D, Prenderville EJ, Burke PE, Colgan M.P, Wee BL, Moore DJ, Shanik GD, Cross KS, El-Sanadiki M, Murray JJ, Mikat E, McCann R, Hagen PO, Cheatle TR, Steibe E, Smith PDC, Scurr JH, Barry K, Waldron D, Bresnihan E, Courtney DF, Quill DS, Buckley D, O’Riordan DS, O’Donncll JA, Gray WP, O’Donnell JA, Hill ADK, O’Dwycr PJ, MacErlean DP, Kerin MJ, Couse NF, MacFie J, Campbell D, McBride K, Geraghty JG, MacErlean D, Murphy JJ, Kirwan WO, Kaar K, Docrat H, Malik S, Egan J, Davidson IR, Hurley J, Keeling P, Rowley H, Kaar K, O’Sullivan ST, Brady MP. Fifteenth Sir Peter Freyer Memorial Lecture and Surgical Symposium. Proceedings of a meeting. 14th and 15th September 1990, Galway. Abstracts. Ir J Med Sci 1991; 160:213-36. [PMID: 1684575 DOI: 10.1007/bf02957315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
|
43
|
Ala F, Smillie J, Nicholson G, Gough D, Duddin R, Knox G. Unlinked surveillance of the prevalence of HIV infection in antenatal patients in the West Midlands, England. J Med Virol 1991; 34:176-8. [PMID: 1919538 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.1890340308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
In the course of an unlinked, anonymous survey of anti-HIV seroprevalence among antenatal patients in the West Midlands, carried out between November 1986 and March 1990, seven out of 202,012 patient samples were anti-HIV seropositive. Although the numbers of women infected by heterosexual contact are still low in this region, it is likely that HIV infection is no longer limited to well-defined, male risk groups. It is therefore increasingly important to monitor the course of the epidemic through large-scale unbiased surveys of the heterosexual population in order to plan future preventive and health-care strategies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- F Ala
- West Midlands Regional Blood Transfusion Centre, Birmingham, England
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Abstract
An unusual case of a misdirected nasogastric tube is described. An elderly woman was brought to an emergency department following intentional drug overdose. Initially unrecognized errant placement of a large-bore nasogastric tube resulted in tension pneumothorax, pneumonia, and subsequent death. Pertinent medical literature is reviewed, clinical considerations for the elderly patient are discussed, and suggestions for proper nasogastric tube placement are offered.
Collapse
|
45
|
Pisacreta R, Gough D, Redwood E, Goodfellow L. Auditory word discriminations in the pigeon. J Exp Anal Behav 1986; 45:269-82. [PMID: 3711775 PMCID: PMC1348238 DOI: 10.1901/jeab.1986.45-269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Four pigeons were trained on a multiple variable-interval 30-s extinction schedule with various pairs of spoken English words presented as the discriminative stimuli. The birds typically produced discrimination indices of 70% to 90% accuracy. Discrimination accuracy was improved by shortening the interval between auditory stimulus presentations, and by increasing the number of syllables in the words.
Collapse
|
46
|
Abstract
Oscillations of the sun make it possible to probe the inside of a star. The frequencies of the oscillations have already provided measures of the sound speed and the rate of rotation throughout much of the solar interior. These quantities are important for understanding the dynamics of the magnetic cycle and have a bearing on testing general relativity by planetary precession. The oscillation frequencies yield a helium abundance that is consistent with cosmology, but they reinforce the severity of the neutrino problem. They should soon provide an important standard by which to calibrate the theory of stellar evolution.
Collapse
|
47
|
Marrie TJ, Haldane EV, Noble MA, Faulkner RS, Lee SH, Gough D, Meyers S, Stewart J. Q fever in maritime Canada. Can Med Assoc J 1982; 126:1295-1300. [PMID: 7074457 PMCID: PMC1863322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Only nine cases of Q fever were recorded in Canada in the 20 years prior to 1978. In the 18 months from August 1979 to January 1981 the disease was diagnosed serologically in six patients from the Maritime provinces. All were epidemiologically unrelated and none had been exposed to animals. Five had pneumonia and one had chronic Q fever with probable prosthetic valve endocarditis. Three of the five pneumonia patients presented with signs and symptoms of an acute lower respiratory tract infection and were indistinguishable clinically from other patients with atypical pneumonias. The other two with pneumonia presented with nonresolving pulmonary infiltrates and complained of decreased energy. Four of the five pneumonia patients responded well to treatment with erythromycin; the fifth required two courses of tetracycline. The patient with chronic Q fever had a large amount of cryoglobulins in his serum and evidence of immune complex disease. These cases indicate that Q fever should be considered as a possible cause of atypical pneumonia in Canada.
Collapse
|
48
|
Gough D. The Hippocratic oath. Nurs Mirror 1981; 153:15. [PMID: 6914625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
49
|
Abstract
A double-blind trial comparing the analgesic efficacy of Suprofen 200 mg with aspirin 750 mg was carried out on 120 patients. There was no statistical difference between the two, though Suprofen had fewer side effects and could be used in circumstances where aspirin is contra-indicated.
Collapse
|
50
|
Gough D, Powell C. Aphasia and the nurse. Part 2. Nurs Mirror 1978; 147:29-30. [PMID: 248806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|