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Smith GS, Kuwabara H, Yan H, Nassery N, Yoon M, Kamath V, Kraut M, Gould NF, Savonenko A, Coughlin JM, Lodge M, Pomper MG, Nandi A, Holt D, Dannals RF, Leoutsakos JM. Serotonin Degeneration and Amyloid-β Deposition in Mild Cognitive Impairment: Relationship to Cognitive Deficits. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 96:215-227. [PMID: 37718818 DOI: 10.3233/jad-230570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuropathological and neuroimaging studies have demonstrated degeneration of the serotonin system in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Neuroimaging studies have extended these observations to the preclinical stages of AD, mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Serotonin degeneration has been observed also in transgenic amyloid mouse models, prior to widespread cortical distribution of amyloid-β (Aβ). OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the regional distribution of the serotonin transporter (5-HTT) and of Aβ in individuals with MCI and healthy older controls, as well as the contribution of 5-HTT and Aβ to cognitive deficits. METHODS Forty-nine MCI participants and 45 healthy older controls underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging of 5-HTT and Aβ, structural magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological assessments. RESULTS Lower cortical, striatal, and limbic 5-HTT and higher cortical Aβ was observed in MCIs relative to healthy controls. Lower 5-HTT, mainly in limbic regions, was correlated with greater deficits in auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory and semantic, not phonemic fluency. Higher cortical A β was associated with greater deficits in auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory and in semantic, not phonemic fluency. When modeling the association between cognition, gray matter volumes and Aβ, inclusion of 5-HTT in limbic and in select cortical regions significantly improved model fit for auditory-verbal and visual-spatial memory and semantic, but not phonemic fluency. CONCLUSIONS These results support the role of serotonin degeneration in the memory and semantic fluency deficits observed in MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn S Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Haijuan Yan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najlla Nassery
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mark Yoon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vidya Kamath
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kraut
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda F Gould
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jennifer M Coughlin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin Lodge
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Martin G Pomper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jeannie M Leoutsakos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Smith GS, Protas H, Kuwabara H, Savonenko A, Nassery N, Gould NF, Kraut M, Avramopoulos D, Holt D, Dannals RF, Nandi A, Su Y, Reiman EM, Chen K. Molecular imaging of the association between serotonin degeneration and beta-amyloid deposition in mild cognitive impairment. Neuroimage Clin 2023; 37:103322. [PMID: 36680976 PMCID: PMC9869478 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2023.103322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Degeneration of the serotonin system has been observed in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and in mild cognitive impairment (MCI). In transgenic amyloid mouse models, serotonin degeneration is detected prior to widespread cortical beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, also suggesting that serotonin degeneration may be observed in preclinical AD. METHODS The differences in the distribution of serotonin degeneration (reflected by the loss of the serotonin transporter, 5-HTT) relative to Aβ deposition was measured with positron emission tomography in a group of individuals with MCI and a group of healthy older adults. A multi-modal partial least squares (mmPLS) algorithm was applied to identify the spatial covariance pattern between 5-HTT availability and Aβ deposition. RESULTS Forty-five individuals with MCI and 35 healthy older adults were studied, 22 and 27 of whom were included in the analyses who were "amyloid positive" and "amyloid negative", respectively. A pattern of lower cortical, subcortical and limbic 5-HTT availability and higher cortical Aβ deposition distinguished the MCI from the healthy older control participants. Greater expression of this pattern was correlated with greater deficits in memory and executive function in the MCI group, not in the control group. CONCLUSION A spatial covariance pattern of lower 5-HTT availability and Aβ deposition was observed to a greater extent in an MCI group relative to a control group and was associated with cognitive impairment in the MCI group. The results support the application of mmPLS to understand the neurochemical changes associated with Aβ deposition in the course of preclinical AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwenn S Smith
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA; Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | | | - Hiroto Kuwabara
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alena Savonenko
- Department of Pathology (Neuropathology), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Najlla Nassery
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Neda F Gould
- Division of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neuropsychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael Kraut
- Division of Neuroradiology, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dimitri Avramopoulos
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Daniel Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Robert F Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Ayon Nandi
- Division of Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Yi Su
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
| | | | - Kewei Chen
- Banner Alzheimer's Institute, Phoenix, AZ, USA
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Khan A, Trice C, Holt D, Dyche J. 0294 Voluntary Alcohol Consumption and Sleep Deprivation in Rats. Sleep 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac079.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Alcohol is one of the most common psychoactive drugs that has depressant effects on the central nervous system. The vast majority of research on alcohol and sleep indicates chronic alcohol consumption has a detrimental impact on sleep architecture and homeostasis. However, less research has explored the effects of sleep deprivation on alcohol consumption; that is, the relationship in the opposite direction. Previous animal studies have explored a potential bi-directional relationship between sleep and alcohol with promising results. However, there was concern that the potential relationship may be a result of stress as a by-product of the sleep deprivation method. The present study examines the effect of sleep deprivation on voluntary alcohol consumption using two sleep deprivation methods in the rat, forced exercise wheels and the automated sleep deprivation system.
Methods
Twelve male Sprague-Dawley rats had ad libitum access to a 7% alcohol solution and water. Alcohol and water consumption was measured daily at 0900. Baseline consumption levels were recorded in the home cage prior to introduction to the sleep deprivation equipment. Following baseline, rats were placed in the stationary equipment for the first sleep deprivation environment control. Rats were then subjected to 6hr/day of sleep deprivation for five consecutive days in either the forced exercise wheel (n=6) or the automated sleep deprivation system (n=6). After sleep deprivation, rats were placed back in the stationary equipment as a second control measure. In total, there were four conditions, home cage baseline, first sleep deprivation environment control, sleep deprivation, second environment control.
Results
Data indicates that rats consumed significantly more alcohol in the sleep deprivation condition and the second sleep deprivation control. There was no difference between the two sleep deprivation methods. The mean alcohol consumption (g/kg) significantly increased from the sleep deprivation condition to the second environment control indicating a cumulative effect.
Conclusion
The increase in alcohol consumption in the final condition rejects the hypothesis of a bi-directional relationship. Instead, the data suggests potential receptor downregulation due to alcohol exposure over time and a conditioned compensatory effect of the sleep deprivation environment. Research methodology issues also may have confounded results.
Support (If Any)
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Shiao J, Patton T, Holt D, Robin T, Fisher C. PO-0196 Dosimetric Analysis of Combined Intracavitary and Interstitial Needles Placement for Cervical Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06355-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Shiao J, Holt D, Robin T, Fisher C. PO-0182 Excellent Outcomes with CT-Based HDR Brachytherapy for Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06341-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wang AZ, Ehrman R, Bucca A, Croft A, Glober N, Holt D, Lardaro T, Musey P, Peterson K, Schaffer J, Trigonis R, Hunter BR. Can we predict which COVID-19 patients will need transfer to intensive care within 24 hours of floor admission? Acad Emerg Med 2021; 28:511-518. [PMID: 33675164 PMCID: PMC8251424 DOI: 10.1111/acem.14245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Patients with COVID‐19 can present to the emergency department (ED) at any point during the spectrum of illness, making it difficult to predict what level of care the patient will ultimately require. Admission to a ward bed, which is subsequently upgraded within hours to an intensive care unit (ICU) bed, represents an inability to appropriately predict the patient's course of illness. Predicting which patients will require ICU care within 24 hours would allow admissions to be managed more appropriately. Methods This was a retrospective study of adults admitted to a large health care system, including 14 hospitals across the state of Indiana. Included patients were aged ≥ 18 years, were admitted to the hospital from the ED, and had a positive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test for COVID‐19. Patients directly admitted to the ICU or in whom the PCR test was obtained > 3 days after hospital admission were excluded. Extracted data points included demographics, comorbidities, ED vital signs, laboratory values, chest imaging results, and level of care on admission. The primary outcome was a combination of either death or transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission to the hospital. Data analysis was performed by logistic regression modeling to determine a multivariable model of variables that could predict the primary outcome. Results Of the 542 included patients, 46 (10%) required transfer to ICU within 24 hours of admission. The final composite model, adjusted for age and admission location, included history of heart failure and initial oxygen saturation of <93% plus either white blood cell count > 6.4 or glomerular filtration rate < 46. The odds ratio (OR) for decompensation within 24 hours was 5.17 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 2.17 to 12.31) when all criteria were present. For patients without the above criteria, the OR for ICU transfer was 0.20 (95% CI = 0.09 to 0.45). Conclusions Although our model did not perform well enough to stand alone as a decision guide, it highlights certain clinical features that are associated with increased risk of decompensation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Z. Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Robert Ehrman
- Department of Emergency Medicine Wayne State University Detroit Michigan USA
| | - Antonino Bucca
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Alexander Croft
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Nancy Glober
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Daniel Holt
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Thomas Lardaro
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Paul Musey
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Kelli Peterson
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Jason Schaffer
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Russell Trigonis
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Benton R. Hunter
- Department of Emergency Medicine Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
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Sheikh S, Wanty N, Mccalla S, Santana A, Saxena Beem S, Walker J, Holt D, Howell A, Holtz K, Williams S, Anandarajah A. AB1360-HPR A MODEL TO IMPROVE MINORITY PATIENT RECRUITMENT IN LUPUS CLINICAL TRIALS - THE AMERICAN COLLEGE OF RHEUMATOLOGY MIMICT PROJECT EXPERIENCE. Ann Rheum Dis 2020. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2020-eular.6541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Background:In the US, African Americans and Latinos are underrepresented in lupus clinical trials (LCTs),1despite experiencing the greatest lupus disease burden.2,3Low participation in LCTs results in inadequate data on treatment effectiveness for minority patients, and fewer opportunities for better care and treatment options.1Only one percent of minority patients are referred to clinical trials each year.4Provider barriers to making referrals include limited time and unfamiliarity with lupus and LCT opportunities.4Using US fedral grant funds, the American College of Rheumatology (ACR) developed MIMICT, a two-part model with associated materials to address provider-side LCT referral barriers. The materials include a toolkit for clinical trial sites and an educational toolkit for providers.Objectives:Our objectives are to:•Describe the US LCTs disparities.•Discuss the research methodology to evaluate the two-part MIMICT model.•Assess the feasibility of the model to increase minority involvement in clinical trials.Methods:We designed two studies to evaluate the MIMICT model.The first study used an online, pretest/posttest, two-group evaluation approach to assess the extent to which the educational toolkit increased providers‘ knowledge, attitudes, self-efficacy, and behavioral intentions to refer minority patients to clinical trial. We conducted the study in 2018 with primary care providers (PCPs) and again in 2019/2020 with speciality providers. The second study used a longitudinal, mised methods, case-study approach to explore the real-world use of the toolkits with clinical trial site teams at two university medical centers.Results:In the first study,among MIMCT-exposed PCPs, mean scores indicated statistical significance at p≤0.001 with more knowledge about referring [55.84 (sd=23.51) vs 41.76 (sd=19.98)], more self-efficacy to refer [55.00 (sd=37.22) vs. 37.99 (sd=34.42)], and more intentions to refer [61.36 (43.85) vs. 33.41 (41.16)] African American patients to LCTs among the treatment group than the control group, respectively. This presentation will discuss additional data comparing the study in 2018 and the study in 2019/2020 and look comparatively at outcomes across provider type.In the second study, we found that the driver for successful engagemetn of providers and their subsequent use of the educational toolkit was the development of a trusting relationship between the clinical trial site teams and providers in the community. The development of trust took repeated and varied modes of contact, which we will discuss in-depth.Conclusion:The MIMICT educational toolkit increase knowledge, self-efficacy, and intentions to refer lupus patients to LCTs. However, building trust between LCT sites and local providers takes time and repeated outreach, but the potential benefits to medicine and minority health are substantial.References:[1]The Society for Women’s Health Research. (2011). Dialogues on diversifying clinical trials: successful strategies for engaging women and minorities in clinical trials. Washington, DC: Food and Drug Administration, Office of Women’s Health.[2]Falasinnu, T., Chaichian, Y., Bass, M. B., & Simard, J. F. (2018). The representation of gender and race/ethnic groups in randomized clinical trials of individuals with sytemic lupus erythematosus.Current Rheumatology Reports, 20(4).[3]Pons-Estel, G. J., Alarcon, G. S., Scofield, L., Reinlib, L., & Cooper, G. S. (2010). Understanding the epidemiological progression of systemic lupus erythematosus.Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism, 39(4).[4]Korieth, K. (2016). Engaging healthcare providers as research facilitators.The CenterWatch Monthly, 23,1-5.Disclosure of Interests:None declared
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Holt D, Sheu T, Swischuk J, Brady T, Bertino R. Abstract No. 660 Nutcracker syndrome in 13 patients treated with bare-metal venous stents: long-term clinical and imaging follow-up. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2019.12.721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Tran M, Scalia G, Kwon A, Holt D, Kierle R, Holt G. Trans-Pulmonary Haemodynamics Using Exercise Stress Echocardiography Pulmonary to Left Atrial Ratio (ePLAR): A Comparison between Ironman Athletes, a Small Group of Age-Matched Controls, and a Large-Group General Community Cohort. Heart Lung Circ 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.hlc.2018.06.534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Holt D, St George LB, Clayton HM, Hobbs SJ. A simple method for equine kinematic gait event detection. Equine Vet J 2017; 49:688-691. [DOI: 10.1111/evj.12669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. Holt
- Department of Research Myerscough College Preston UK
| | - L. B. St George
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Central Lancashire Preston UK
| | | | - S. J. Hobbs
- Centre for Applied Sport and Exercise Sciences University of Central Lancashire Preston UK
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Holt D, Bouder F, Elemuwa C, Gaedicke G, Khamesipour A, Kisler B, Kochhar S, Kutalek R, Maurer W, Obermeier P, Seeber L, Trusko B, Gould S, Rath B. The importance of the patient voice in vaccination and vaccine safety-are we listening? Clin Microbiol Infect 2016; 22 Suppl 5:S146-S153. [PMID: 27939015 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2016.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Much has been written about the patient-physician relationship over the years. This relationship is essential in maintaining trust in the complex arena of modern diagnostic techniques, treatment and prevention, including vaccines and vaccine safety. However, a great deal of this material was written from the viewpoint of clinicians and academics. The patient voice may be positive or negative, fragmented or complex. Information sources are weighed and treated differently, according to the value system and risk perceptions of the individual. In post-trust societies, when people have less confidence in health authorities, communication needs to be more than a paternalistic top-down process. Notions of empowerment and individual patient choice are becoming crucial in medical care. The 'voice of the patient', which includes healthy individuals receiving vaccines, needs to be heard, considered and addressed. With respect to childhood immunizations, this will be the voice of the parent or caregiver. The key to addressing any concerns could be to listen more and to develop a communication style that is trust-based and science-informed. Regulatory agencies are encouraging clinical and patient-reported outcomes research under the umbrella of personalized medicine, and this is an important step forward. This paper attempts to reflect the paradigm shift towards increasing attention to the patient voice in vaccination and vaccine safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holt
- Confederation of Meningitis Organizations, Kerhars, Le Haut Corlay, France; The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany
| | - F Bouder
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Technology and Society Studies, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - C Elemuwa
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; National Primary Healthcare Development Agency (NPHCDA), Abuja, Nigeria
| | - G Gaedicke
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Innsbruck, Austria
| | - A Khamesipour
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Centre for Research & Training in Skin Diseases & Leprosy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - B Kisler
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Clinical Data Interchange Standards Consortium, Austin, TX, USA
| | - S Kochhar
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Global Healthcare Consulting, New Delhi, India
| | - R Kutalek
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - W Maurer
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of General Practice and Family Medicine, Centre for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - P Obermeier
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - L Seeber
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany
| | - B Trusko
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; International Association of Innovation Professionals, Sugar Land, TX, USA
| | - S Gould
- SJG Consultancy, Lyon, France
| | - B Rath
- The Vienna Vaccine Safety Initiative, Berlin, Germany; Department of Paediatrics, Charité University Medical Centre, Berlin, Germany.
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Abstract
Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) has been shown to improve outcomes in neonatal patients with respiratory and/or cardiac failure. Insensible water loss is defined as water loss via evaporation from the skin and respiration. Fluid and electrolyte balance are a primary concern and very challenging in the neonatal patient population. Hypernatremia can result from untreated insensible water loss, leading to possible cerebral complications. A new type of fiber used in the Jostra Quadrox D oxygenator has recently been approved for use in the United States of America. This oxygenator uses a polymethylpentene closed hollow-fiber technology and has been approved for six hours of continuous use by the Federal Drug Administration. The closed hollow-fiber technology may be advantageous for extended use due to the fact that it is a true membrane and plasma leakage will not occur across its surface. The Jostra Quadrox D is an adult-sized oxygenator with a surface area of 1.8 M2. The aim of this study is to discover what the insensible water loss will be from the Jostra Quadrox D when used at blood flows which would mimic those used for a neonatal ECMO patient. The median insensible water loss from the Quadrox D oxygenator at a gas flow rate of two liters per minute(LPM) was 4.0 ± 0.2 ml/hour, at five LPM was 9.8 ± 0.4 ml/hour and at 10 LPM was 20.6 ± 0.7 ml/hour. The daily evaporative water loss from the Jostra Quadrox D can be estimated to be 48.0 ± 2.1 ml for each LPM of sweep gas with a normal saline pump flow rate of 500 ml/min.
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Affiliation(s)
- DS Lawson
- Duke University Health System, Durham, NC
| | - D Holt
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE
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Field EA, McCarthy CE, Ho MW, Rajlawat BP, Holt D, Rogers SN, Triantafyllou A, Field JK, Shaw RJ. Response to Oral epithelial dysplasia in oral submucous fibrosis: A challenge. Oral Oncol 2016; 54:e20. [PMID: 26786963 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
| | - C E McCarthy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - M W Ho
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - B P Rajlawat
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - D Holt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS, Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRd), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, UK
| | - J K Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
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Bernard M, Holt D, Heron D, Beriwal S, Luketich J, Friedland D, Greenberger J. Clinical Outcomes and Dosimetric Parameters for Stage IIIB Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.07.1640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Field EA, McCarthy CE, Ho MW, Rajlawat BP, Holt D, Rogers SN, Triantafyllou A, Field JK, Shaw RJ. The management of oral epithelial dysplasia: The Liverpool algorithm. Oral Oncol 2015. [PMID: 26198978 DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2015.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E A Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK.
| | - C E McCarthy
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - M W Ho
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, West Yorkshire, UK
| | - B P Rajlawat
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - D Holt
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK
| | - S N Rogers
- Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK; Evidence-Based Practice Research Centre (EPRd), Faculty of Health, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - A Triantafyllou
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology, Pathology Department, Liverpool Clinical Laboratories, UK
| | - J K Field
- Department of Oral Medicine, Liverpool University Dental Hospital, UK; The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK
| | - R J Shaw
- The University of Liverpool, Cancer Research Centre, Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, UK; Regional Maxillofacial Unit, Aintree University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
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Rowe SP, Gage KL, Faraj SF, Macura KJ, Cornish TC, Gonzalez-Roibon N, Guner G, Munari E, Partin AW, Pavlovich CP, Han M, Carter HB, Bivalacqua TJ, Blackford A, Holt D, Dannals RF, Netto GJ, Lodge MA, Mease RC, Pomper MG, Cho SY. ¹⁸F-DCFBC PET/CT for PSMA-Based Detection and Characterization of Primary Prostate Cancer. J Nucl Med 2015; 56:1003-1010. [PMID: 26069305 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.154336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED We previously demonstrated the ability to detect metastatic prostate cancer using N-[N-[(S)-1,3-dicarboxypropyl]carbamoyl]-4-(18)F-fluorobenzyl-L-cysteine ((18)F-DCFBC), a low-molecular-weight radiotracer that targets the prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA). PSMA has been shown to be associated with higher Gleason grade and more aggressive disease. An imaging biomarker able to detect clinically significant high-grade primary prostate cancer reliably would address an unmet clinical need by allowing for risk-adapted patient management. METHODS We enrolled 13 patients with primary prostate cancer who were imaged with (18)F-DCFBC PET before scheduled prostatectomy, with 12 of these patients also undergoing pelvic prostate MR imaging. Prostate (18)F-DCFBC PET was correlated with MR imaging and histologic and immunohistochemical analysis on a prostate-segment (12 regions) and dominant-lesion basis. There were no incidental extraprostatic findings on PET suggestive of metastatic disease. RESULTS MR imaging was more sensitive than (18)F-DCFBC PET for detection of primary prostate cancer on a per-segment (sensitivities of up to 0.17 and 0.39 for PET and MR imaging, respectively) and per-dominant-lesion analysis (sensitivities of 0.46 and 0.92 for PET and MR imaging, respectively). However, (18)F-DCFBC PET was more specific than MR imaging by per-segment analysis (specificities of 0.96 and 0.89 for PET and MR imaging for corresponding sensitivity, respectively) and specific for detection of high-grade lesions (Gleason 8 and 9) greater than 1.0 mL in size (4/4 of these patients positive by PET). (18)F-DCFBC uptake in tumors was positively correlated with Gleason score (ρ = 0.64; PSMA expression, ρ = 0.47; and prostate-specific antigen, ρ = 0.52). There was significantly lower (18)F-DCFBC uptake in benign prostatic hypertrophy than primary tumors (median maximum standardized uptake value, 2.2 vs. 3.5; P = 0.004). CONCLUSION Although the sensitivity of (18)F-DCFBC for primary prostate cancer was less than MR imaging, (18)F-DCFBC PET was able to detect the more clinically significant high-grade and larger-volume tumors (Gleason score 8 and 9) with higher specificity than MR imaging. In particular, there was relatively low (18)F-DCFBC PET uptake in benign prostatic hypertrophy lesions, compared with cancer in the prostate, which may allow for more specific detection of primary prostate cancer by (18)F-DCFBC PET. This study demonstrates the utility of PSMA-based PET, which may be used in conjunction with MR imaging to identify clinically significant prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven P Rowe
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Kenneth L Gage
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sheila F Faraj
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Katarzyna J Macura
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Toby C Cornish
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | | | - Gunes Guner
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Enrico Munari
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Alan W Partin
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Christian P Pavlovich
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Misop Han
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - H Ballentine Carter
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Trinity J Bivalacqua
- The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Amanda Blackford
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Daniel Holt
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Robert F Dannals
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - George J Netto
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,The James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute and Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin A Lodge
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ronnie C Mease
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Martin G Pomper
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Steve Y Cho
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland
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Madar I, Naor E, Holt D, Ravert H, Dannals R, Wahl R. Brown Adipose Tissue Response Dynamics: In Vivo Insights with the Voltage Sensor 18F-Fluorobenzyl Triphenyl Phosphonium. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0129627. [PMID: 26053485 PMCID: PMC4459998 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0129627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/10/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis is an emerging target for prevention and treatment of obesity. Mitochondria are the heat generators of BAT. Yet, there is no noninvasive means to image the temporal dynamics of the mitochondrial activity in BAT in vivo. Here, we report a technology for quantitative monitoring of principal kinetic components of BAT adaptive thermogenesis in the living animal, using the PET imaging voltage sensor 18F-fluorobenzyltriphenylphosphonium (18F-FBnTP). 18F-FBnTP targets the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm)—the voltage analog of heat produced by mitochondria. Dynamic 18F-FBnTP PET imaging of rat’s BAT was acquired just before and during localized skin cooling or systemic pharmacologic stimulation, with and without administration of propranolol. At ambient temperature, 18F-FBnTP demonstrated rapid uptake and prolonged steady-state retention in BAT. Conversely, cold-induced mitochondrial uncoupling resulted in an immediate washout of 18F-FBnTP from BAT, which was blocked by propranolol. Specific variables of BAT evoked activity were identified and quantified, including response latency, magnitude and kinetics. Cold stimulation resulted in partial washout of 18F-FBnTP (39.1%±14.4% of basal activity). The bulk of 18F-FBnTP washout response occurred within the first minutes of the cold stimulation, while colonic temperature remained nearly intact. Drop of colonic temperature to shivering zone did not have an additive effect. The ß3-adrenergic agonist CL-316,243 elicited 18F-FBnTP washout from BAT of kinetics similar to those caused by cold stimulation. Thus, monitoring ΔΨm in vivo using 18F-FBnTP PET provides insights into the kinetic physiology of BAT. 18F-FBnTP PET depicts BAT as a highly sensitive and rapidly responsive organ, emitting heat in short burst during the first minutes of stimulation, and preceding change in core temperature. 18F-FBnTP PET provides a novel set of quantitative metrics highly important for identifying novel therapeutic targets at the mitochondrial level, for developing means to maximize BAT mass and activity, and assessing intervention efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igal Madar
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Elinor Naor
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Daniel Holt
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Hayden Ravert
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Robert Dannals
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Richard Wahl
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
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Singh R, Kelly J, Teemul T, Holt D. Comparison of outcome of Head and Neck reconstruction using the fibular and iliac crest free flaps. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2014.07.194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Epperly M, Holt D, Minkoff D, Houghton F, Wang H, Huq S, Nimgaonkar V, D’Aiuto L, Greenberger J. Radiosensitivity of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Compared to Parental Fibroblasts. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2014.05.2262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- D Holt
- Myerscough College; Preston United Kingdom
| | - A Northrop
- Anglia Ruskin University; Cambridge United Kingdom
| | - J Martin
- Myerscough College; Preston United Kingdom
| | - A Daggett
- Myerscough College; Preston United Kingdom
| | - S Hobbs
- University of Central Lancashire; Preston United Kingdom
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Stability and balance are fundamental during static and dynamic activities. The effects of wearing rocker bottom sole (RBS) shoes on the limits of stability (LOS) and adaptation to wearing RBS shoes need to be investigated. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the LOS when wearing RBS shoes, and to evaluate if people improve their stability while wearing RBS shoes over time. METHODS Eleven female subjects with no lower extremity impairments participated in the study. The LOS were tested at baseline and weeks 3 and 6 using a Neurocom SMART EquiTest equipment. Center of pressure (CoP) was determined using force plates, and the center of gravity (CoG) position was estimated from the CoP measures and subjects' anthropometry. Subjects performed a series of tasks that involved leaning in different directions so as to move the vertical projection of their CoG. End-point excursions of the CoG floor projection were calculated as a percentage of the distance between the starting position and the target. Considering the body as an inverted pendulum, we recorded the average angular velocity of the inverted pendulum during the movements and quantified directional control as a percentage of movement toward versus away from the target. Shoe types were compared using paired t tests, and sessions were compared using repeated measures ANOVA. RESULTS The angular velocities of the inverted pendulum (ie, CoG velocity) were not significantly different between shoe conditions in the front and back directions at baseline (4 ± 3 with RBS vs 5 ± 2 deg/sec with regular shoes, and 4 ± 1 vs 6 ± 4 deg/sec). Front directional control of the CoG was significantly worse with RBS shoes at weeks 3 and 6 ( P < .015). Front end-point excursions were also lower with RBS shoes both at baseline and week 6 ( P < .014). There were no significant changes over time. CONCLUSION The findings indicate that the LOS were negatively affected by wearing RBS shoes and that people do not improve their stability while wearing these shoes even after a 6-week period of use. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This study shows that wearing RBS shoes increase instability and the instability remains even after wearing these shoes for six weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgar Ramos Vieira
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Gerardo Guerrero
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Daniel Holt
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Monica Arreaza
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Valentina Veroes
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Denis Brunt
- 1 Department of Physical Therapy, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
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Holt D, Agnello K. Peritoneum. Feline Soft Tissue and General Surgery 2014. [PMCID: PMC7149698 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-7020-4336-9.00026-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rogosnitzky M, Danks R, Holt D. Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of Crohn's disease. Autoimmun Rev 2012; 12:275-80. [PMID: 22579561 DOI: 10.1016/j.autrev.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2012] [Accepted: 04/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Crohn's disease (CD) is a debilitating condition which still requires improvement in its management. There is a need for alternatives to anti-tumour necrosis factor drugs which are costly and beneficial in less than 50% of patients. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has been used in the management of aminosalicylate- and steroid-resistant CD for more than 20 years, although the published literature available is limited. A literature search identified 17 relevant publications since 1969, including five case reports of single patients, two abstracts, three conference papers, one review paper and six book or journal articles. No randomised controlled trials of IVIG in CD have been published. A review of the evidence identified indicates that IVIG can induce a rapid and significant improvement in aminosalicylate- and steroid-resistant CD, often within days of the initial administration. Data from longer-term studies show that maintenance of remission over the medium term is also possible. These encouraging findings provide a rationale for the initiation of larger randomised controlled trials of IVIG in CD with the aim of providing further treatment options for this difficult-to-manage condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moshe Rogosnitzky
- MedInsight Research Institute, P.O. Box 386, Telz Stone, 90840, Israel.
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Abstract
We describe the case of a 53-year-old patient who presented with an intermittent discharging sinus on his face which, following a number of investigations, was found to be secondary to an ectopic third molar in the condylar region. The ectopic tooth was surgically removed with complete resolution of the facial swelling. This case highlights the possibility of dental pathology presenting with completely unrelated signs and symptoms, and the importance of the clinician maintaining an open mind when it comes to the differential diagnosis of such a presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pace
- Rotherham Hospitals NHS Trust, Rotherham, United Kingdom.
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Yue X, Devaney K, Holt D, Tootell R. Facial contrast polarity affects FFA uniquely in humans and monkeys. J Vis 2010. [DOI: 10.1167/10.7.645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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26
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Pace C, Crosher R, Holt D, Idaboh G. P12 Incidence of chyle leaks following neck dissections at Rotherham Foundation NHS Trust over a 7 year period. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(10)60103-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Pace C, Holt D. P43 The use of Polyetheretherketone (PEEK) in zygomatico-orbital reconstruction. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s0266-4356(10)60134-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Fulton A, Fulton A, Fulton A, Ma X, Kundu N, Kundu N, Holt D, Goloubeva O. Alternative Approaches To Target the COX-2 Pathway To Reduce Breast Cancer Metastasis. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-09-6140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) enzyme is highly expressed in breast cancer and is associated with a poorer prognosis. Past efforts have focused on targeting the COX-2 enzyme with pharmacologic COX-2 inhibitors including celecoxib and rofecoxib. Recent safety concerns have led us to test the hypothesis that targeting downstream members of the COX-2 pathway will be more efficacious and safer. The principle COX-2 product in tumors is prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) which mediates cellular effects by binding to four distinct G-protein-coupled receptors designated EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4.Materials and Methods: Using pharmacologic and genetic approaches and a preclinical model of metastatic, triple-negative (ER, PR, Her-2 negative) breast cancer, we have examined the role of EP4 and EP1 in malignant behavior. We determined the effect of antagonizing either EP1 or EP4 with the pharmacologic antagonists AH23848, ONO-AE3-208 or SC19220 on metastatic ability of line 66.1 or line 410.4 mammary tumor cells injected into syngeneic Balb/cByJ female mice and compared efficacy of receptor antagonists to either a COX-2 inhibitor (celecoxib) or a dual COX-1/COX-2 inhibitor (indomethacin). We also reduced the expression of either receptor by tranducing tumor cells with specific shRNAs and determined the effect of EP gene silencing on metastatic potential. Using mice with specific deletions of immune effector cells, we also examined the role of host immunity in controlling tumor metastasis.Results: Inhibition of EP4 receptor signaling with the selective EP4 antagonists AH23848 or ONO-AE3-208 limits breast cancer metastasis to the same degree as achieved with a COX inhibitor. Likewise, gene silencing of EP4 with a vector expressing EP4 siRNA also limits metastatic capacity. The therapeutic effect of EP4 blockade is compromised in mice lacking functional Natural Killer cells and NK-mediated lysis of mammary tumor cells is enhanced in the presence of EP4 antagonists. Conversely, blocking EP1 with either the pharmacologic antagonist SC19220 or by gene-silencing promotes tumor metastasis. The expansion of tumors implanted into the mammary fat pad was not affected by modulating EP expression levels, indicating that EP1 functions as a suppressor of metastasis. Interestingly, breast tumors from African-American women express significantly less EP1 than tumors from Caucasian women, suggesting that EP1 could contribute to breast cancer disparities. Ongoing studies are evaluating the relationship of EP expression to long term survival.Discussion: These data support the hypothesis that therapeutic targeting of EP4 may be an alternative approach to the use of COX inhibitors to limit metastatic disease. The mechanism of metastasis control is likely to involve activation of Natural Killer cells. Shifting the balance towards activation of the metastasis suppressor EP1 could be an additional means to reduce breast cancer metastasis.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(24 Suppl):Abstract nr 6140.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - X. Ma
- 1University of Maryland, MD,
| | | | | | - D. Holt
- 1University of Maryland, MD,
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Solomon J, Hidalgo A, Knaus M, Stiefel M, Holt D, Stavropoulos W. Abstract No. 178: Hydrogel Coated Coils Versus Fibered Coils for Peripheral Vascular Embolization: Comparison in a Porcine Model. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2008.12.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
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Fan H, Kotsikorou E, Hoffman AF, Ravert HT, Holt D, Hurst DP, Lupica CR, Reggio PH, Dannals RF, Horti AG. Analogs of JHU75528, a PET ligand for imaging of cerebral cannabinoid receptors (CB1): development of ligands with optimized lipophilicity and binding affinity. Eur J Med Chem 2008; 44:593-608. [PMID: 18511157 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2008.03.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2007] [Revised: 03/21/2008] [Accepted: 03/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cyano analogs of Rimonabant with high binding affinity for the cerebral cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and with optimized lipophilicity have been synthesized as potential positron emission tomography (PET) ligands. The best ligands of the series are optimal targets for the future radiolabeling with PET isotopes and in vivo evaluation as radioligands with enhanced properties for PET imaging of CB1 receptors in human subjects. Extracellular electrophysiological recordings in rodent brain slices demonstrated that JHU75528, 4, the lead compound of the new series, has functional CB antagonist properties that are consistent with its structural relationship to Rimonabant. Molecular modeling analysis revealed an important role of the binding of the cyano group with the CB1 binding pocket.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Fan
- PET Center, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Pasay C, Arlian L, Morgan M, Vyszenski-Moher D, Rose A, Holt D, Walton S, McCarthy J. High-resolution melt analysis for the detection of a mutation associated with permethrin resistance in a population of scabies mites. Med Vet Entomol 2008; 22:82-88. [PMID: 18380658 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00716.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Permethrin as a topical acaricide cream is widely used to treat scabies. The neuronal voltage-sensitive sodium channel (Vssc), necessary for the generation of action potentials in excitable cells, is the target of pyrethroid acaricides such as permethrin. Pyrethroid resistance has been linked to specific mutations in the Vssc gene. Following the partial sequencing of the Vssc gene in the scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei (L.) (Astigmata: Sarcoptidae), we compared Vssc gene sequences from permethrin-sensitive and -tolerant S. scabiei var. canis Gerlach mites, and identified a G to A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in permethrin-tolerant mites resulting in an amino acid change from glycine to aspartic acid in domain III S6. The mutation is in a region of the gene where mutations have been identified in a range of pyrethroid-resistant arthropods. Results of in vitro permethrin exposure assays showed that survival rates for mites bearing the mutation were similar to those previously reported for mites from human subjects where clinical tolerance to permethrin had been observed. A real-time polymerase chain reaction-high-resolution melt (PCR-HRM) assay was developed to detect this SNP. This assay provides a useful methodology for screening for this and other mutations associated with permethrin resistance in scabies mite populations and thus facilitates surveillance for acaricide resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Pasay
- Clinton Tropical Laboratory, Queensland Institute of Medical Research and Australian Centre for International and Tropical Health and Nutrition, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Marlowe SNS, Leekassa R, Bizuneh E, Knuutilla J, Ale P, Bhattarai B, Sigdel H, Anderson A, Nicholls PG, Johnston A, Holt D, Lockwood DNJ. Response to ciclosporin treatment in Ethiopian and Nepali patients with severe leprosy Type 1 reactions. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 2007; 101:1004-12. [PMID: 17669450 DOI: 10.1016/j.trstmh.2006.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2006] [Revised: 11/20/2006] [Accepted: 11/20/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Leprosy type 1 reactions (T1R) are immune-mediated events with inflammation of peripheral nerves and skin. We report the clinical outcomes of a closely monitored open prospective trial in which eight Nepali and 33 Ethiopian patients with T1Rs were treated with an Indian generic formulation of ciclosporin (Cn; 5-7.5 mg/kg/day) for 12 weeks and followed up for 24 weeks after starting treatment. Outcomes were measured using a clinical severity score. Among the Nepalis, 75-100% improved in all acute clinical parameters; 67-100% patients maintained improvement, except for those with acute sensory nerve impairment among whom 67% relapsed after stopping treatment. The skin lesions of all Ethiopians on 5 mg/kg/day of Cn improved and 50-60% had peripheral nerve function improvement. Most Ethiopians needed a higher dose of Cn to improve nerve impairment and neuritis, and 50-78% of them developed worse clinical severity scores when Cn was stopped. Four Ethiopians and two Nepalis developed elevated serum creatinine levels on 7.5 mg/kg/day Cn, and three (9%) Ethiopians developed treatable hypertension. This suggests that Cn monotherapy is an effective treatment for severe T1R with few adverse effects. A dose of 5 mg/kg/day seems efficacious in Nepalis, but a higher dose may be required in Ethiopian patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S N S Marlowe
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, UK.
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Abstract
An increasing number of product claims about food animal welfare or well-being have appeared in the global food industry and global market in recent years. These claims have significant consequences for producers, processors, transporters, retailers, consumers, and the animals themselves. Furthermore, recent restructuring of the global food industry has altered the power relationships of various actors. Regulation of the industry is moving toward greater private control, and the power of retailers has dramatically increased. The changing structure of the industry carries implications both in terms of how standards are created and in terms of the types of standards themselves. The purpose of this article is to provide a greater understanding of how these product claims are made, their implications, and the challenges they present.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Thompson
- Department Philosophy, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824, USA.
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Gao Y, Ravert HT, Holt D, Dannals RF, Horti AG. 6-Chloro-3-(((1-[11C]methyl)-2-(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy)-5-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)pyridine ([11C]JHU85270), a potent ligand for nicotinic acetylcholine receptor imaging by positron emission tomography. Appl Radiat Isot 2007; 65:947-51. [PMID: 17566748 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2007.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2006] [Revised: 03/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
6-Chloro-3-((1-methyl)-2-(S)-pyrrolidinyl)methoxy)-5-(2-fluoropyridin-4-yl)pyridine (JHU85270), a novel high-affinity ligand for the alpha4beta2 nicotine acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) (K(i)=86, 115 pM; K(i)(JHU85270)/K(i)(epibatidine)=1.7) with a log D(7.4)=1.6 was synthesized in 56% overall yield. [(11)C]JHU85270 was synthesized from [(11)C]-methyl iodide and the corresponding normethyl precursor. The average time of radiosynthesis, purification, and formulation was 37 min from the end of bombardment. The average radiochemical yield of [(11)C]JHU85270 was 37%+/-3% (non-decay corrected). The average specific radioactivity was 398+/-165 GBq/micromol (10750+/-4468 mCi/micromol) and the radiochemical purity was greater than 99%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Gao
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Radiology, The Johns Hopkins University, School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, MD 21287-0816, USA
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Huebner A, Srisa-Art M, Holt D, Abell C, Hollfelder F, deMello AJ, Edel JB. Quantitative detection of protein expression in single cells using droplet microfluidics. Chem Commun (Camb) 2007:1218-20. [PMID: 17356761 DOI: 10.1039/b618570c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate that single cells can be controllably compartmentalized within aqueous microdroplets; using such an approach we perform high-throughput screening by detecting the expression of a fluorescent protein in individual cells with simultaneous measurement of droplet size and cell occupancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Huebner
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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36
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Wilson D, Johnston F, Holt D, Moreton M, Engelmayer J, Gaulier JM, Luthe H, Marquet P, Moscato D, Oellerich M, Mosso R, Streit F, Brunet M, Fillee C, Schmid R, Wallemacq P, Barnes G. WITHDRAWN: Multi-center evaluation of analytical performance of the microparticle enzyme immunoassay for sirolimus. Clin Biochem 2006:S0009-9120(06)00312-2. [PMID: 18375204 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 10/10/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The Publisher regrets that this article is an accidental duplication of an article that has already been published in Clin. Biochem. 39 (2006) 378-386, doi:10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.01.017. The duplicate article has therefore been withdrawn. This article has been withdrawn consistent with Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wilson
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL, USA
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Di Berardino T, Chronis Brown P, Holt D, Nichols T, Greenblatt E. P-499. Fertil Steril 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2006.07.863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Wolff K, Tsapakis EM, Winstock AR, Hartley D, Holt D, Forsling ML, Aitchison KJ. Vasopressin and oxytocin secretion in response to the consumption of ecstasy in a clubbing population. J Psychopharmacol 2006; 20:400-10. [PMID: 16574714 DOI: 10.1177/0269881106061514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Despite the common use of MDMA (ecstasy) in the UK, the mechanism underlying associated potentially fatal cerebral oedema is unclear. We used a new experimental approach working directly with clubbers to perform a study on 30 (17 male) experienced clubbers (mean 6.6 years of clubbing). Pre- and post-clubbing measurements were performed to compare plasma levels of pituitary hormones (vasopressin, oxytocin), plasma and urine osmolality, urinary pH, and plasma sodium and urea. Ecstasy consumption was confirmed by using urinary drug screening pre- and post-clubbing. MDMA was detected in the urine samples of 17 subjects, three of which tested positive during pre-clubbing tests. Mean plasma vasopressin concentration increased in the MDMA group (1.28 +/- 0.29 to 1.43 +/- 0.41 pmol/l), but fell in other participants (1.23 +/- 0.42 to 1.16 +/- 0.0.34 pmol/l). Similarly, mean plasma oxytocin concentrations increased after ingestion of MDMA (2.02 +/- 0.29 to 2.43 +/- 0.24 pmol/l), but fell in the group that did not use MDMA (2.17 +/- 0.36 pmol/l to 1.89 +/- 0.37 pmol/l). There was a significant group by time interaction for plasma osmolality and plasma sodium (p = 0.001 and p = 0.003, respectively) and between change in urinary osmolality (p < 0.001) and MDMA use, with the pattern of change being consistent with the induction of inappropriate vasopressin secretion (also known as SIADH) by MDMA. This report demonstrates SIADH in ecstasy-using "clubbers", which has important clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Wolff
- National Addiction Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, 4 Windsor Walk, London SE5 8AF, UK.
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Wilson D, Johnston F, Holt D, Moreton M, Engelmayer J, Gaulier JM, Luthe H, Marquet P, Moscato D, Oellerich M, Mosso R, Streit F, Brunet M, Fillee C, Schmid R, Wallemacq P, Barnes G. Multi-center evaluation of analytical performance of the microparticle enzyme immunoassay for sirolimus. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:378-86. [PMID: 16545357 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 01/09/2006] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study evaluated the analytical characteristics of the new Abbott microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA) for sirolimus. DESIGN AND METHODS The protocol consisted of nine sections: evaluation of antibody specificity, linearity, detection limit, quantification limit, endogenous interferents, exogenous interferents, precision, proficiency testing panel, and method comparison. RESULTS The mean analytical detection limit was 0.68 microg/L. The sirolimus concentration corresponding to a total CV of 20% was 1.5 microg/L. Linearity of response was demonstrated across the dynamic range of the assay. Total precision (CVs) at QC control levels from 5 to 22 microg/L ranged from 5.7 to 12.6%. Assay standardization was found to be in good agreement with LC/MS/MS as compared with target values for spiked sirolimus proficiency samples from an international sirolimus proficiency testing program. Good correlations (R values) of the immunoassay were observed in comparisons to LC/MS/MS. R values tended to be lower in comparisons with LC/UV methods. Across both LC-based methods and all study sites, there was approximately 25% overall positive slope bias due to cross reactivity of the MEIA antibody to metabolites of sirolimus. The assay cross-reactivity to metabolites of sirolimus parent drug ranged from 6 to 63%. Assay interferences were minimal with the exception of hematocrit, which presented a negative relationship to measured sirolimus concentration. CONCLUSIONS The MEIA demonstrated acceptable analytical characteristics for use for routine monitoring of sirolimus immunosuppressive therapy, and is a viable alternative to HPLC-based methods for sirolimus monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Wilson
- Abbott Laboratories, Abbott Park, IL 60064, USA.
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Abstract
There are several concerns associated with the use of chlorine for potable water disinfection. These are the resistance of certain pathogens, the formation of toxic disinfection by-products and the adverse effects on aesthetic water quality. Owing to these concerns the water industry is continually reviewing alternative disinfection technologies. A methodology has been devised that will aid the water industry in evaluating the potential of these technologies. The methodology uses seven criteria to evaluate the technologies, these are: inactivation efficiency, disinfection byproduct (DBP) formation, toxicity, aesthetic water quality, cost, scalability and residual maintenance. Each criterion is assessed by associated questions in order of importance in accordance with a protocol. The criteria are evaluated using UK water quality regulations as standards. Ultraviolet (UV) disinfection was used as an example to demonstrate the methodology. UV was shown to meet all the criteria apart from the provision of a residual disinfectant. Several other disinfection technologies were evaluated using the methodology. Direct electrochemical disinfection and mixed oxidant generators were identified as having the most potential for replacing chlorination.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kerwick
- Thames Water Utilities, Research and Technology, Spencer House, Manor Farm Road, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
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Tziakas D, Chalikias G, Romero C, Fredericks S, Theodosis-Georgilas A, Masci P, Holt D, Hatseras D, Kask J. W01-P-014 The cholesterol content of erythrocyte membranes as a factor of instability in coronary artery disease patients. ATHEROSCLEROSIS SUPP 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-5688(05)80019-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Bertoldo A, Price J, Mathis C, Mason S, Holt D, Kelley C, Cobelli C, Kelley DE. Quantitative assessment of glucose transport in human skeletal muscle: dynamic positron emission tomography imaging of [O-methyl-11C]3-O-methyl-D-glucose. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005; 90:1752-9. [PMID: 15613423 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2004-1092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle is regarded as a key determinant of insulin sensitivity, yet isolation of this step for quantification in human studies is a methodological challenge. One notable approach is physiological modeling of dynamic positron emission tomography (PET) imaging using 2-[18-fluoro]2-deoxyglucose ([(18)F]FDG); however, this has a potential limitation in that deoxyglucose undergoes phosphorylation subsequent to transport, complicating separate estimations of these steps. In the current study we explored the use of dynamic PET imaging of [(11)C]3-O-methylglucose ([(11)C]3-OMG), a glucose analog that is limited to bidirectional glucose transport. Seventeen lean healthy volunteers with normal insulin sensitivity participated; eight had imaging during basal conditions, and nine had imaging during euglycemic insulin infusion at 30 mU/min.m(2). Dynamic PET imaging of calf muscles was conducted for 90 min after the injection of [(11)C]3-OMG. Spectral analysis of tissue activity indicated that a model configuration of two reversible compartments gave the strongest statistical fit to the kinetic pattern. Accordingly, and consistent with the structure of a model previously used for [(18)F]FDG, a two-compartment model was applied. Consistent with prior [(18)F]FDG findings, insulin was found to have minimal effect on the rate constant for movement of [(11)C]3-OMG from plasma to tissue interstitium. However, during insulin infusion, a robust and highly significant increase was observed in the kinetics of inward glucose transport; this and the estimated tissue distribution volume for [(11)C]3-OMG increased 6-fold compared with basal conditions. We conclude that dynamic PET imaging of [(11)C]3-OMG offers a novel quantitative approach that is both chemically specific and tissue specific for in vivo assessment of glucose transport in human skeletal muscle.
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Walton SF, Dougall A, Pizzutto S, Holt D, Taplin D, Arlian LG, Morgan M, Currie BJ, Kemp DJ. Genetic epidemiology of Sarcoptes scabiei (Acari: Sarcoptidae) in northern Australia. Int J Parasitol 2004; 34:839-49. [PMID: 15157767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2004.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2004] [Revised: 03/31/2004] [Accepted: 04/01/2004] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Utilising three hypervariable microsatellite markers we have previously shown that scabies mites on people are genetically distinct from those on dogs in sympatric populations in northern Australia. This had important ramifications on the formulation of public health control policies. In contrast phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial markers on scabies mites infecting multiple animal hosts elsewhere in the world could not differentiate any genetic variation between mite haplotype and host species. Here we further analyse the intra-specific relationship of Sarcoptes scabiei var. hominis with S. scabiei var. canis by using both mitochondrial DNA and an expanded nuclear microsatellite marker system. Phylogenetic studies using sequences from the mitochondrial genes coding for 16S rRNA and Cytochrome Oxidase subunit I demonstrated significant relationships between S. scabiei MtDNA haplotypes, host species and geographical location. Multi-locus genotyping using 15 microsatellite markers substantiated previous data that gene flow between scabies mite populations on human and dog hosts is extremely rare in northern Australia. These data clearly support our previous contention that control programs for human scabies in endemic areas with sympatric S. scabiei var. hominis and var. canis populations must focus on human-to-human transmission. The genetic division of dog and human derived scabies mites also has important implications in vaccine and diagnostic test development as well as the emergence and monitoring of drug resistance in S. scabiei in northern Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F Walton
- Queensland Institute of Medical Research, Brisbane, Qld, Australia.
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Mathis CA, Holt D, Wang Y, Huang GF, Debnath M, Shao L, Klunk WE. P2-178 Species-dependent formation and identification of the brain metabolites of the amyloid imaging agent [11C]PIB. Neurobiol Aging 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/s0197-4580(04)80924-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abstract
AIMS This study examined the suitability of three analytical methods for isolating and enumerating Escherichia coli from conventionally treated sewage sludge. METHODS AND RESULTS Crude sewage, mesophilic anaerobic digested (MAD) sludge, and final product sludge samples were taken from six sewage treatment works for analysis. Two of the three methods tested were membrane filtration techniques, utilizing chromogenic E. coli/coliform (CEC) media and membrane-lactose glucuronide agar (MLGA); the third method was a most probable number (MPN) technique utilizing Colilert in Quantitray 2000 (Idexx). The methods were evaluated for variation, consistency, false-positive and false-negative results, as well as method correlation. The methods gave good and consistent recovery of E. coli for a range of conventionally treated sewage matrices. All of the methods had a false-positive rate of <3%, although MLGA had a high false-negative rate (35.5%) compared with Colilert (3.81%) and the CEC method (6.75%). This resulted in slightly lower presumptive counts but comparable numbers of confirmed counts. CONCLUSIONS The three detection methods tested, chromogenic, MLGA and Colilert gave comparable recoveries, and did not vary by greater than one order of magnitude (1 log). SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY Forthcoming revisions to the Use of Sludge in Agriculture Regulations (1989) will categorize sewage sludge as untreated, conventionally treated or enhanced treated in accordance to microbiological standards. The standard will be based upon numbers of E. coli removed through the sludge treatment process and the numbers remaining in the final product. It is recommended that the Colilert 2000 (Idexx, Westbrook, Maine) and CEC methods would be equally suitable to assess the reduction of indigenous E. coli in conventionally treated sludges, and that MLGA be used with follow-up confirmatory testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Eccles
- Thames Water, Development Microbiology Laboratories, Spencer House, Reading, Berkshire, UK.
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Abstract
Many people take dietary supplements, but information on characteristics associated with their use is lacking. The relationship between lifestyle behaviours, morbidity and use of dietary supplements has not been examined and earlier studies have limited applicability to a general population. These issues were addressed in the current study. Information was obtained by postal questionnaire sent to a sample of the general population. The questionnaire was completed by 70.5 % of the sample (15 465 from a total sample of 21 923), with at least one-third (35.5 %) taking dietary supplements. In adjusted analyses, supplement users were more likely to be women, white, home-owners, non-smokers and physically active. Use of vitamin, mineral and/or antioxidant supplements was associated with eating more fruits and vegetables, and taking fish-oil supplements was associated with eating oil-rich fish. A history of CVD or risk factors for CVD reduced the risk of taking vitamins, minerals and/or antioxidants or fish-oil supplements. Those reporting musculoskeletal disorders such as arthritis were more likely to take fish-oil supplements For the first time, we have shown that dietary supplement use is related to different types of morbidity. In particular, people at risk of primary or secondary CVD seem less likely to use dietary supplements, despite possible benefits shown in clinical trials. Public health organisations need to develop guidelines for the public and health professionals regarding the uncontrolled use of dietary supplements in the community.
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Affiliation(s)
- R A Harrison
- Evidence for Population Health Unit, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PT, UK.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To quantify long term impairment after neonatal meningitis. DESIGN Longitudinal case-control study over 9-10 years. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 111 children who had suffered neonatal meningitis were seen and compared with 113 matched controls from their birth hospital and 49 controls from general practices. Assessments included the WISC III(UK), movement assessment battery for children (mABC), audiometry, vision testing, and social and medical data. Statistical analysis was by multiple regression, analysis of variance, and chi(2) tests. RESULTS Some 10.8% of cases had a severe and 9% a moderate overall outcome compared with 0% and 1.8% for the hospital controls. The mean intelligence quotient (IQ) of the cases (88.8) was significantly less than that of the hospital controls (99.4) or the GP controls (99.6). The mABC score was significantly worse for the cases (7.08) than the hospital (5) or GP (4) controls. Some 3.6% of cases had sensorineural hearing loss, 2.7% had persisting hydrocephalus; no controls did. Some 5.4% of cases and 1.7% of hospital controls had treatment for seizures. CONCLUSIONS Severe neurodisability and milder motor and psychometric impairment result from neonatal meningitis. Both clinical follow up and comprehensive developmental assessment are needed after this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Stevens
- University of Alberta, 3A3.43 Stollery Children's Hospital, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2B7, Canada.
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Abstract
An eight-year-old, male castrated German shepherd dog was presented with signs consistent with urinary obstruction. Cystoscopy and contrast radiography showed two distinct urethral masses. Penile amputation and perineal urethrostomy were performed to alleviate the clinical signs. Histopathology of the masses revealed two low-grade chondrosarcomas. At the time of writing, 18 months after surgery, the dog remained disease free.
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Affiliation(s)
- G J Davis
- Red Bank Veterinary Hospital and Referral Center, 210 Newman Springs Road, Red Bank, NJ 07701, USA
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Holt D, Tomberlin TJ. A model-based approach to estimation for small subgroups of a population. J Am Stat Assoc 2002; 74:405-10. [PMID: 12146262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2023]
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