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Tran AQ, Park RB, Lee DK, Akella S, North VS, Tooley AA, Lisman RD. Qualitative use of ICG angiography and lymphography in periorbital surgery. Orbit 2024; 43:196-202. [PMID: 37698555 DOI: 10.1080/01676830.2023.2251569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Accepted: 08/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Open imaging fluorescence devices have been utilized in surgical oncology, vascular and plastic surgery; however, the role of indocyanine green (ICG) in periorbital surgery and lymphatics has not been explored. METHODS A prospective, single-center diagnostic study was conducted from 2021 to 2022 utilizing ICG to assess both the periorbital vasculature and lymphatics. Fluorescence was captured with open-imaging fluorescent devices. For ICG angiography, a total of 5-10 mg of ICG was given intravenously at various time points to visualize intraoperative blood flow to eyelid flaps, vascular tumors, or extraocular muscles. For ICG lymphography, 0.03-0.06 mg of ICG was injected subcutaneously to visualize the periorbital and facial lymphatic drainage. RESULTS Twenty-two patients underwent ICG angiography. Periorbital vascular supply was seen in eyelid reconstructions (n = 8), anophthalmic reconstructions (n = 2), lacrimal gland tumors (n = 2), orbital venous malformations (n = 2), tumor metastasis (n = 1) and benign tumors (n = 1). The anterior ciliary arteries were visualized to the extraocular muscles in fracture repairs (n = 3) and muscle biopsies (n = 2). Ten patients underwent ICG lymphangiography highlighting the global periorbital lymphatic system. CONCLUSION ICG allows for visualization of the vasculature of extraocular muscles and tumors, assessing perfusion of flaps during reconstruction and the global periorbital lymphatic drainage pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Q Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Royce B Park
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sruti Akella
- Department of Ophthalmology, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Victoria S North
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Andrea A Tooley
- Department of Ophthalmology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Richard D Lisman
- Department of Ophthalmology, Manhattan Eye Ear and Throat Hospital, Northwell Health, New York City, New York, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, New York University, New York City, New York, USA
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2
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Russo K, Hallare D, Lee D, Russell L, Lee DK. Comparative Clinical Effects and Risk Factors Associated With Vitamin D in Foot and Ankle Fracture and Arthrodesis Healing. J Foot Ankle Surg 2024; 63:182-186. [PMID: 37931741 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2023.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency in relation to bone metabolism and healing has been controversial and not well studied. However, hypovitaminosis has been widely identified within the orthopedic patient population. The current best evidence suggests a lack of data on this important topic. The ability to assess patients for optimum bone healing and metabolism is still in question due to lack of a suitable reliable biomarker and multiple other unknown variables affecting bone metabolism. To compound this effect, popular dermatological precautions in the last 20 to 30 years of avoiding sunlight also have the effect of further reducing serum vitamin D production in the skin. As a proof of concept, we performed a preliminary comparative observational retrospective review of orthopedic patients undergoing fracture and arthrodesis osseous healing to determine how serum vitamin D levels are associated with bone healing along with their confounding comorbidities. Based on our review, the current accepted vitamin D levels (≥20 ng/mL) are low and insufficient for fractures and for arthrodesis osseous healing due to observed high rates (>35%) of delayed unions, and an increased (>90%) in the number of multiple confounding comorbidities affecting bone healing process that are often not mentioned or captured in this type of study in previous literature. Obesity and diabetes are significant contributory risks factors, and the preliminary findings suggest that the current accepted adequate levels may not be enough for osseous healing. These low vitamin D levels appear to affect bone healing and prolong treatment, with worsening trends with diabetes and obesity comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Russo
- Drexel University College of Medicine and Graduate Studies, Sacramento, CA
| | - Domingo Hallare
- Chief, Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Dahlia Lee
- Chief, Orthopaedic Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Lindsay Russell
- Chief, Foot & Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Site Director, Foot & Ankle Surgery Residency & Clerkships, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Graduate and Undergraduate Medical Education, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA; Clinical Professor, California Northstate University College of Medicine, Sacramento, CA.
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3
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Clermont AC, Murugesan N, Edwards HJ, Lee DK, Bayliss NP, Duckworth EJ, Pethen SJ, Hampton SL, Gailani D, Feener EP. Oral FXIIa inhibitor KV998086 suppresses FXIIa and single chain FXII mediated kallikrein kinin system activation. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1287487. [PMID: 38178859 PMCID: PMC10766353 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1287487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The kallikrein kinin system (KKS) is an established pharmacological target for the treatment and prevention of attacks in hereditary angioedema (HAE). Proteolytic activities of FXIIa and single-chain Factor XII (FXII) zymogen contribute to KKS activation and thereby may play roles in both initiating and propagating HAE attacks. In this report, we investigated the effects of potent small molecule FXIIa inhibitors on FXIIa and single chain FXII enzymatic activities, KKS activation, and angioedema in mice. Methods: We examined the effects of 29 structurally distinct FXIIa inhibitors on enzymatic activities of FXIIa and a mutant single chain FXII with R334A, R343A and R353A substitutions (rFXII-T), that does not undergo zymogen conversion to FXIIa, using kinetic fluorogenic substrate assays. We examined the effects of a representative FXIIa inhibitor, KV998086, on KKS activation and both carrageenan- and captopril-induced angioedema in mice. Results: FXIIa inhibitors designed to target its catalytic domain also potently inhibited the enzymatic activity of rFXII-T and the pIC50s of these compounds linearly correlated for rFXIIa and rFXII-T (R 2 = 0.93). KV998086, a potent oral FXIIa inhibitor (IC50 = 7.2 nM) inhibited dextran sulfate (DXS)-stimulated generation of plasma kallikrein and FXIIa, and the cleavage of high molecular weight kininogen (HK) in human plasma. KV998086 also inhibited rFXII-T mediated HK cleavage (p < 0.005) in plasma from FXII knockout mice supplemented with rFXII-T and stimulated with polyphosphate or DXS. Orally administered KV998086 protected mice from 1) captopril-induced Evans blue leakage in colon and laryngotracheal tissues and 2) blocked carrageenan-induced plasma HK consumption and paw edema. Conclusion: These findings show that small molecule FXIIa inhibitors, designed to target its active site, also inhibit the enzymatic activity of FXII zymogen. Combined inhibition of FXII zymogen and FXIIa may thereby suppress both the initiation and amplification of KKS activation that contribute to hereditary angioedema attacks and other FXII-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - David Gailani
- Hematology/Oncology Division, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
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4
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Lee DK, Lucarelli KM, Akella SS, Tran AQ. Rapidly Enlarging Primary Cutaneous Anaplastic Large-Cell Lymphoma of the Eyelid. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 2023; 39:e170. [PMID: 36852836 DOI: 10.1097/iop.0000000000002343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Illinois Eye and Ear Infirmary, Chicago, Illinois, U.S.A
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5
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Li M, Kinney JL, Jiang YQ, Lee DK, Wu Q, Lee D, Xiong WC, Sun Q. Hypothalamic Supramammillary Nucleus Selectively Excites Hippocampal CA3 Interneurons to Suppress CA3 Pyramidal Neuron Activity. J Neurosci 2023; 43:4612-4624. [PMID: 37117012 PMCID: PMC10286942 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.1910-22.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A key mode of neuronal communication between distant brain regions is through excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections emitted from principal neurons. The long-range glutamatergic projection normally forms numerous en passant excitatory synapses onto both principal neurons and interneurons along its path. Under physiological conditions, the monosynaptic excitatory drive onto postsynaptic principal neurons outweighs disynaptic feedforward inhibition, with the net effect of depolarizing principal neurons. In contrast with this conventional doctrine, here we report that a glutamatergic projection from the hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely evades postsynaptic pyramidal neurons (PNs), but preferentially target interneurons in the hippocampal CA3 region to predominantly provide feedforward inhibition. Using viral-based retrograde and anterograde tracing and ChannelRhodopsin2 (ChR2)-assisted patch-clamp recording in mice of either sex, we show that SuM projects sparsely to CA3 and provides minimal excitation onto CA3 PNs. Surprisingly, despite its sparse innervation, the SuM input inhibits all CA3 PNs along the transverse axis. Further, we find that SuM provides strong monosynaptic excitation onto CA3 parvalbumin-expressing interneurons evenly along the transverse axis, which likely mediates the SuM-driven feedforward inhibition. Together, our results demonstrate that a novel long-range glutamatergic pathway largely evades principal neurons, but rather preferentially innervates interneurons in a distant brain region to suppress principal neuron activity. Moreover, our findings reveal a new means by which SuM regulates hippocampal activity through SuM-to-CA3 circuit, independent of the previously focused projections from SuM to CA2 or dentate gyrus.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT The dominant mode of neuronal communication between brain regions is the excitatory synaptic transmission mediated by long-range glutamatergic projections, which form en passant excitatory synapses onto both pyramidal neurons and interneurons along its path. Under normal conditions, the excitation onto postsynaptic neurons outweighs feedforward inhibition, with the net effect of depolarization. In contrast with this conventional doctrine, here we report that a glutamatergic input from hypothalamic supramammillary nucleus (SuM) largely evades PNs but selectively targets interneurons to almost exclusively provide disynaptic feedforward inhibition onto hippocampal CA3 PNs. Thus, our findings reveal a novel subcortical-hippocampal circuit that enables SuM to regulate hippocampal activity via SuM-CA3 circuit, independent of its projections to CA2 or dentate gyrus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghua Li
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Jessica L Kinney
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Yu-Qiu Jiang
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qiwen Wu
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Daehoon Lee
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Wen-Cheng Xiong
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Neurosciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106
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Aygören-Pürsün E, Zanichelli A, Cohn DM, Cancian M, Hakl R, Kinaciyan T, Magerl M, Martinez-Saguer I, Stobiecki M, Farkas H, Kiani-Alikhan S, Grivcheva-Panovska V, Bernstein JA, Li HH, Longhurst HJ, Audhya PK, Smith MD, Yea CM, Maetzel A, Lee DK, Feener EP, Gower R, Lumry WR, Banerji A, Riedl MA, Maurer M. An investigational oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor for on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema: a two-part, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, crossover phase 2 trial. Lancet 2023; 401:458-469. [PMID: 36774155 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)02406-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidelines recommend effective on-demand therapy for all individuals with hereditary angioedema. We aimed to assess the novel oral plasma kallikrein inhibitor, sebetralstat, which is in development, for on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema attacks. METHODS In this two-part phase 2 trial, individuals with type 1 or 2 hereditary angioedema aged 18 years or older were recruited from 25 sites, consisting of specialty outpatient centres, across nine countries in Europe and the USA. Individuals were eligible if they had experienced at least three hereditary angioedema attacks in the past 93 days, were not on prophylactic therapy, and had access to and the ability to self-administer conventional attack treatment. In part 1 of the trial, participants were given a single 600 mg open-label oral dose of sebetralstat to assess safety, pharmacokinetics, and pharmacodynamics of the dose. Part 2 was a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, two-sequence, two-period (2 × 2) crossover trial; participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to either sequence 1, in which they were given a single dose of 600 mg of sebetralstat to treat the first eligible attack and a second dose of placebo to treat the second eligible attack, or sequence 2, in which they were given placebo to treat the first eligible attack and then 600 mg of sebetralstat to treat the second eligible attack. Participants and investigators were masked to treatment assignment. The primary endpoint was time to use of conventional attack treatment within 12 h of study drug administration, which was assessed in all participants who were randomly assigned to treatment and who received study drug for two attacks during part 2 of the study. Safety was assessed in all participants who received at least one dose of study drug, starting in part 1. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04208412, and is completed. FINDINGS Between July 2, 2019, and Dec 8, 2020, 84 individuals were screened and 68 were enrolled in part 1 and received sebetralstat (mean age 38·3 years [SD 13·2], 37 [54%] were female, 31 [46%] were male, 68 [100%] were White). 42 (62%) of 68 participants completed pharmacokinetic assessments. Sebetralstat was rapidly absorbed, with a geometric mean plasma concentration of 501 ng/mL at 15 min. In a subset of participants (n=6), plasma samples obtained from 15 min to 4 h after study drug administration had near-complete protection from ex vivo stimulated generation of plasma kallikrein and cleavage of high-molecular-weight kininogen. In part 2, all 68 participants were randomly assigned to sequence 1 (n=34) or sequence 2 (n=34). 53 (78%) of 68 participants treated two attacks (25 [74%] in the sequence 1 group and 28 [82%] in the sequence 2 group). Time to use of conventional treatment within 12 h of study drug administration was significantly longer with sebetralstat versus placebo (at quartile 1: >12 h [95% CI 9·6 to >12] vs 8·0 h [3·8 to >12]; p=0·0010). There were no serious adverse events or adverse event-related discontinuations. INTERPRETATION Oral administration of sebetralstat was well tolerated and led to rapid suppression of plasma kallikrein activity, resulting in increased time to use of conventional attack treatment and faster symptom relief versus placebo. Based on these results, a phase 3 trial to evaluate the efficacy and safety of two dose levels of sebetralstat in adolescent and adult participants with hereditary angioedema has been initiated (NCT05259917). FUNDING KalVista Pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Aygören-Pürsün
- Department for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Andrea Zanichelli
- Department of Biomedical Sciences for Health, Università degli Studi di Milano, Operative Unit of Medicine, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, Milan, Italy
| | - Danny M Cohn
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Vascular Medicine, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mauro Cancian
- Department of Systems Medicine, University Hospital of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Roman Hakl
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Allergology, St Anne's University Hospital, Brno, Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tamar Kinaciyan
- Department of Dermatology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Magerl
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany
| | | | - Marcin Stobiecki
- Department of Clinical and Environmental Allergology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Henriette Farkas
- Hungarian Angioedema Center of Reference and Excellence, Department of Internal Medicine and Haematology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sorena Kiani-Alikhan
- Barts Health NHS Trust, Department of Immunology, GA(2)LEN/HAEi Angioedema Centre of Reference and Excellence, London, UK
| | - Vesna Grivcheva-Panovska
- PHI University Clinic of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University Saints Cyril and Methodius, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Jonathan A Bernstein
- University of Cincinnati College of Medicine and Bernstein Clinical Research Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - H Henry Li
- Institute for Asthma and Allergy, Chevy Chase, MD, USA
| | - Hilary J Longhurst
- Department of Immunology, Auckland District Health Board and University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | | | | | | | - Andreas Maetzel
- KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, MA, USA; Institute of Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | | | | | - Aleena Banerji
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marc A Riedl
- Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Marcus Maurer
- Institute of Allergology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Translational Medicine and Pharmacology ITMP, Allergology and Immunology, Berlin, Germany.
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Kaufman AR, Lee DK, Tran AQ. Tarsal Fibroma of the Eyelid. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:186. [PMID: 35927075 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2022.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Kaufman
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Ann Q Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Duckworth EJ, Murugesan N, Li L, Rushbrooke LJ, Lee DK, De Donatis GM, Maetzel A, Yea CM, Hampton SL, Feener EP. Pharmacological suppression of the kallikrein kinin system with KVD900: An orally available plasma kallikrein inhibitor for the on-demand treatment of hereditary angioedema. Clin Exp Allergy 2022; 52:1059-1070. [PMID: 35278245 PMCID: PMC9544254 DOI: 10.1111/cea.14122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Background Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a rare genetic disease that leads to recurrent episodes of swelling and pain caused by uncontrolled plasma kallikrein (PKa) activity. Current guidelines recommend ready availability of on‐demand HAE treatments that can be administered early upon attack onset. This report describes the pharmacological and pharmacodynamic properties of the novel oral small‐molecule PKa inhibitor KVD900 as a potential on‐demand treatment for HAE. Methods Pharmacological properties of KVD900 on PKa and closely related serine proteases were characterized using kinetic fluorogenic substrate activity assays. Effects of KVD900 on PKa activity and kallikrein kinin system activation in whole plasma were measured in the presence of dextran sulphate (DXS)‐stimulation using a fluorogenic substrate and capillary immunoassays to quantify high molecular weight kininogen (HK), plasma prekallikrein and Factor XII cleavage. Pharmacodynamic effects of orally administered KVD900 were characterized in plasma samples from six healthy controls in a first in human phase 1 clinical trial and from 12 participants with HAE in a phase 2 clinical trial. Results KVD900 is a selective, competitive and reversible inhibitor of human PKa enzyme with a Ki of 3.02 nM. The association constant (Kon) of KVD900 for PKa is >10 × 106 M−1 s−1. Oral administration of KVD900 in a first‐in‐human clinical trial achieved rapid and near complete inhibition of DXS‐stimulated PKa enzyme activity and HK cleavage and reduced plasma prekallikrein and Factor XII activation in plasma. In individuals with HAE, orally administered KVD900 inhibited DXS‐stimulated PKa activity in plasma by ≥95% from 45 min to at least 4 h post‐dose and provided rapid protection of HK from cleavage. Conclusion KVD900 is a fast‐acting oral PKa inhibitor that rapidly inhibits PKa activity, kallikrein kinin system activation and HK cleavage in plasma. On‐demand administration of KVD900 may provide an opportunity to halt the generation of bradykinin and reverse HAE attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lily Li
- KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Lee
- KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Andreas Maetzel
- KalVista Pharmaceuticals, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.,Institute for Health Policy, Management & Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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9
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Lavin CV, Abbas DB, Fahy EJ, Lee DK, Griffin M, Diaz Deleon NM, Mascharak S, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT, Wan DC. Topical Deferoxamine Patch Is Superior to Direct Injection for the Treatment of Radiation-Induced Skin Fibrosis. J Am Coll Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamcollsurg.2021.07.415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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10
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Lavin CV, Abbas DB, Fahy EJ, Lee DK, Griffin M, Diaz Deleon NM, Mascharak S, Chen K, Momeni A, Gurtner GC, Longaker MT, Wan DC. A comparative analysis of deferoxamine treatment modalities for dermal radiation-induced fibrosis. J Cell Mol Med 2021; 25:10028-10038. [PMID: 34612609 PMCID: PMC8572785 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.16913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The iron chelator, deferoxamine (DFO), has been shown to potentially improve dermal radiation‐induced fibrosis (RIF) in mice through increased angiogenesis and reduced oxidative damage. This preclinical study evaluated the efficacy of two DFO administration modalities, transdermal delivery and direct injection, as well as temporal treatment strategies in relation to radiation therapy to address collateral soft tissue fibrosis. The dorsum of CD‐1 nude mice received 30 Gy radiation, and DFO (3 mg) was administered daily via patch or injection. Treatment regimens were prophylactic, during acute recovery, post‐recovery, or continuously throughout the experiment (n = 5 per condition). Measures included ROS‐detection, histology, biomechanics and vascularity changes. Compared with irradiated control skin, DFO treatment decreased oxidative damage, dermal thickness and collagen content, and increased skin elasticity and vascularity. Metrics of improvement in irradiated skin were most pronounced with continuous transdermal delivery of DFO. In summary, DFO administration reduces dermal fibrosis induced by radiation. Although both treatment modalities were efficacious, the transdermal delivery showed greater effect than injection for each temporal treatment strategy. Interestingly, the continuous patch group was more similar to normal skin than to irradiated control skin by most measures, highlighting a promising approach to address detrimental collateral soft tissue injury following radiation therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V Lavin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Darren B Abbas
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan J Fahy
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nestor M Diaz Deleon
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Shamik Mascharak
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Kellen Chen
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Arash Momeni
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey C Gurtner
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michael T Longaker
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University Medical Center, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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Lee DK, Li SW, Bounni F, Friedman G, Jamali M, Strahs L, Zelinger O, Gabrieli P, Stankovich MA, Demaree J, Williams ZM. Reduced sociability and social agency encoding in adult Shank3-mutant mice are restored through gene re-expression in real time. Nat Neurosci 2021; 24:1243-1255. [PMID: 34253921 PMCID: PMC8410666 DOI: 10.1038/s41593-021-00888-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite a growing understanding of the molecular and developmental basis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), how the neuronal encoding of social information is disrupted in ASD and whether it contributes to abnormal social behavior remains unclear. Here, we disrupted and then restored expression of the ASD-associated gene Shank3 in adult male mice while tracking the encoding dynamics of neurons in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) over weeks. We find that Shank3 disruption led to a reduction of neurons encoding the experience of other mice and an increase in neurons encoding the animal's own experience. This shift was associated with a loss of ability by neurons to distinguish other from self and, therefore, the inability to encode social agency. Restoration of Shank3 expression in the mPFC reversed this encoding imbalance and increased sociability over 5-8 weeks. These findings reveal a neuronal-encoding process that is necessary for social behavior and that may be disrupted in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Lee
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston MA,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - S William Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA,Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston MA
| | - Firas Bounni
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Gabriel Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | - Mohsen Jamali
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | | | | | - Michael A Stankovich
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA
| | | | - Ziv M Williams
- Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston MA,Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston MA,Harvard Medical School, Program in Neuroscience, Boston MA,Correspondence should be made to -
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12
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Simon MV, Lee DK, Choi BD, Talati PA, Yang JC, Koch MJ, Jones PS, Curry WT. Neurophysiologic Mapping of Thalamocortical Tract in Asleep Craniotomies: Promising Results From an Early Experience. Oper Neurosurg (Hagerstown) 2021; 20:219-225. [PMID: 33269396 DOI: 10.1093/ons/opaa330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Subcortical mapping of the corticospinal tract has been extensively used during craniotomies under general anesthesia to achieve maximal resection while avoiding postoperative motor deficits. To our knowledge, similar methods to map the thalamocortical tract (TCT) have not yet been developed. OBJECTIVE To describe a neurophysiologic technique for TCT identification in 2 patients who underwent resection of frontoparietal lesions. METHODS The central sulcus (CS) was identified using the somatosensory evoked potentials (SSEP) phase reversal technique. Furthermore, monitoring of the cortical postcentral N20 and precentral P22 potentials was performed during resection. Subcortical electrical stimulation in the resection cavity was done using the multipulse train (case #1) and Penfield (case #2) techniques. RESULTS Subcortical stimulation within the postcentral gyrus (case #1) and in depth of the CS (case #2), resulted in a sudden drop in amplitudes in N20 (case #1) and P22 (case #2), respectively. In both patients, the potentials promptly recovered once the stimulation was stopped. These results led to redirection of the surgical plane with avoidance of damage of thalamocortical input to the primary somatosensory (case #1) and motor regions (case #2). At the end of the resection, there were no significant changes in the median SSEP. Both patients had no new long-term postoperative sensory or motor deficit. CONCLUSION This method allows identification of TCT in craniotomies under general anesthesia. Such input is essential not only for preservation of sensory function but also for feedback modulation of motor activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirela V Simon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California
| | - Bryan D Choi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pratik A Talati
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jimmy C Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matthew J Koch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pamela S Jones
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
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13
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Zumpf C, Cacho J, Grasse N, Quinn J, Hampton-Marcell J, Armstrong A, Campbell P, Negri MC, Lee DK. Influence of shrub willow buffers strategically integrated in an Illinois corn-soybean field on soil health and microbial community composition. Sci Total Environ 2021; 772:145674. [PMID: 33663956 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.145674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Soil serves many important ecological functions and is an integral part of our existence as a society. However, concerns for soil health are growing globally, in part due to the negative impacts of agricultural management on soil resources. The production of perennial bioenergy crops on marginal land in row-crop production systems is one solution that could improve land-use efficiency and address the sustainability of cropland management. Because the relationship between crop management and the environment is complex, more research is needed to evaluate the potential benefits perennial bioenergy crop production has on soil health, as well as other ecosystem services. In this study, shrub willow buffers were strategically integrated into a corn-soybean cropping system with the main objective of reducing nitrate-N leaching from grain crop production while producing biomass for bioenergy. Two buffer systems (defined by landscape positions) were included for comparison, one on marginal land with exposure to nitrate-N leaching from upslope grain (southern plots) and one on fertile soils with less nitrate-N leaching potential (northern plots). Evaluation of soil (chemistry, bulk density, microbial community) and shrub willow vegetation properties (fine roots, leaf litter decomposition, and nutrient uptake dynamics), showed that landscape position plays an important role in (1) the dynamics of soil chemical properties, (2) shrub willow's influence and productivity, and (3) the provision of additional ecosystem services such as reductions in nitrous oxide emissions and nitrate-N leaching. In addition, the combination of crop type and landscape position (N-grain, N-willow, S-grain, and S-willow) influenced the species composition of the soil microbial community, resulting in unique and identifiable communities. These results highlight the potential application of shrub willow buffers for ecosystem service provision and support of ecosystem processes; however, understanding the relationship between the microbial community, crop type, and landscape is important for understanding the sustainability of the design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colleen Zumpf
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA.
| | - Jules Cacho
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nora Grasse
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - John Quinn
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Jarrad Hampton-Marcell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Bioscience Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Abigail Armstrong
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Patty Campbell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - M Cristina Negri
- Argonne National Laboratory, Environmental Science Division, 9700 S. Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - D K Lee
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Crop Science Department, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, USA
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14
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Lavin CV, Fahy EJ, Abbas DB, Griffin M, Deleon NMD, Lee DK, Khosla RK, Bruckman K, Lorenz HP, Wan DC. Readability of Online Patient Information Relating to Cleft Palate Surgery. Cleft Palate Craniofac J 2021; 59:330-335. [PMID: 33960204 DOI: 10.1177/10556656211013177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is important for health care education materials to be easily understood by caretakers of children requiring craniofacial surgery. This study aimed to analyze the readability of Google search results as they pertain to "Cleft Palate Surgery" and "Palatoplasty." Additionally, the study included a search from several locations globally to identify possible geographic differences. DESIGN Google searches of the terms "Cleft Palate Surgery" and "Palatoplasty" were performed. Additionally, searches of only "Cleft Palate Surgery" were run from several internet protocol addresses globally. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level and Readability Ease, Gunning Fog Index, Simple Measure of Gobbledygook (SMOG) index, and Coleman-Liau Index. RESULTS Search results for "Cleft Palate Surgery" were easier to read and comprehend compared to search results for "Palatoplasty." Mean Flesch-Kincaid Grade Level scores were 7.0 and 10.11, respectively (P = .0018). Mean Flesch-Kincaid Reading Ease scores were 61.29 and 40.71, respectively (P = .0003). Mean Gunning Fog Index scores were 8.370 and 10.34, respectively (P = .0458). Mean SMOG Index scores were 6.84 and 8.47, respectively (P = .0260). Mean Coleman-Liau Index scores were 12.95 and 15.33, respectively (P = .0281). No significant differences were found in any of the readability measures based on global location. CONCLUSIONS Although some improvement can be made, craniofacial surgeons can be confident in the online information pertaining to cleft palate repair, regardless of where the search is performed from. The average readability of the top search results for "Cleft Palate Surgery" is around the seventh-grade reading level (US educational system) and compares favorably to other health care readability analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V Lavin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Evan J Fahy
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Darren B Abbas
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Griffin
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Nestor M Diaz Deleon
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Rohit K Khosla
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Karl Bruckman
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Hermann Peter Lorenz
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Derrick C Wan
- Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
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15
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Meyerov J, Louis M, Lee DK, Fletcher L, Banyasz D, Miles LF, Ma R, Tosif S, Koshy AN, Story DA, Bellomo R, Weinberg L. Associations between preoperative anaemia and hospital costs following major abdominal surgery: cohort study. BJS Open 2021; 5:6218127. [PMID: 33834189 PMCID: PMC8032965 DOI: 10.1093/bjsopen/zraa070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Determining the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of patient blood management programmes relies on quantifying the economic burden of preoperative anaemia. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the hospital costs attributable to preoperative anaemia in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Methods Patients who underwent major abdominal surgery between 2010 and 2018 were included. The association between preoperative patient haemoglobin (Hb) concentration and hospital costs was evaluated by curve estimation based on the least-square method. The in-hospital cost of index admission was calculated using an activity-based costing methodology. Multivariable regression analysis and propensity score matching were used to estimate the effects of Hb concentration on variables related directly to hospital costs. Results A total of 1286 patients were included. The median overall cost was US $18 476 (i.q.r.13 784–27 880), and 568 patients (44.2 per cent) had a Hb level below 13.0 g/dl. Patients with a preoperative Hb level below 9.0 g/dl had total hospital costs that were 50.6 (95 per cent c.i. 14.1 to 98.9) per cent higher than those for patients with a preoperative Hb level of 9.0–13.0 g/dl (P < 0.001), 72.5 (30.6 to 128.0) per cent higher than costs for patients with a Hb concentration of 13.1–15.0 g/dl (P < 0.001), and 62.4 (21.8 to 116.7) per cent higher than those for patients with a Hb level greater than 15.0 g/dl (P < 0.001). Multivariable general linear modelling showed that packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusions were a principal cost driver in patients with a Hb concentration below 9.0 g/dl. Conclusion Patients with the lowest Hb concentration incurred the highest hospital costs, which were strongly associated with increased PRBC transfusions. Costs and possible complications may be decreased by treating preoperative anaemia, particularly more severe anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Meyerov
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - M Louis
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, Korea University Guro Hospital, Guro-Gu, Seoul, South Korea
| | - L Fletcher
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Banyasz
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - L F Miles
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Ma
- Business Intelligence Unit, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - S Tosif
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - A N Koshy
- Department of Cardiology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
| | - D A Story
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - R Bellomo
- Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Intensive Care, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Data Analytics Research and Evaluation Centre, Austin Hospital and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - L Weinberg
- Department of Anaesthesia, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Victoria, Australia
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16
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Lee DK, Kang MS, Cho H. MRI size assessment of cerebral microvasculature using diffusion-time-dependent stimulated-echo acquisition: A feasibility study in rodent. Neuroimage 2020; 215:116784. [PMID: 32276059 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2020.116784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a stimulated-echo (STE) method was employed to robustify the cerebral vessel size estimation near air-tissue, bone-tissue interfaces, and large vessels. The proposed solution is to replace the relaxation rate change from gradient-echo (GRE) with that from STE with long diffusion time after the injection of an intravascular contrast agent, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. The corresponding diffusion length of STE is shorter than the length over which the unwanted macroscopic field inhomogeneities but is still longer than the correlation length of the fields induced by small vessels. Therefore, the unwanted field inhomogeneities are refocused, while preserving microscopic susceptibility contrast from cerebral vessels. The mean vessel diameter (dimensionless) derived from the diffusion-time-varying STE method was compared to the mean vessel diameter obtained by a conventional spin-echo (SE) and GRE combination based on Monte-Carlo proton diffusion simulations and in vivo rat experiments at 7 T. The in vivo mean vessel diameter from the MRI experiments was directly compared to available reference mouse brain vasculature obtained by a knife-edge scanning microscope (KESM), which is considered to be the gold standard. Monte-Carlo simulation revealed that SE and GRE-based MR relaxation rate changes (ΔR2 and ΔR2∗, respectively) can be enhanced using single STE-based MR relaxation rate change (ΔRSTE) by regulating diffusion time, especially for small vessels. The in vivo mean vessel diameter from the STE method demonstrated a closer agreement with that from the KESM compared to the combined SE and GRE method, especially in the olfactory bulb and cortex. This study demonstrates that STE relaxation rate changes can be used as consistent measures for assessing small cerebral microvasculature, where macroscopic field inhomogeneity is severe and signal contamination from adjacent large vessels is significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - M S Kang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea.
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17
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Cheng MH, Dien BS, Lee DK, Singh V. Sugar production from bioenergy sorghum by using pilot scale continuous hydrothermal pretreatment combined with disk refining. Bioresour Technol 2019; 289:121663. [PMID: 31234074 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2019.121663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-free pretreatments are attracting increased interest because they generate less inhibitor in hydrolysates. In this study, pilot-scaled continuous hydrothermal (PCH) pretreatment followed by disk refining was evaluated and compared to laboratory-scale batch hot water (LHW) pretreatment. Bioenergy sorghum bagasse (BSB) was pretreated at 160-190 °C for 10 min with and without subsequent disk milling. Hydrothermal pretreatment and disk milling synergistically improved glucose and xylose release by 10-20% compared to hydrothermal pretreatment alone. Maximum yields of glucose and xylose of 82.55% and 70.78%, respectively were achieved, when BSB was pretreated at 190 °C and 180 °C followed by disk milling. LHW pretreated BSB had 5-15% higher sugar yields compared to PCH for all pretreatment conditions. The surface area improvement was also performed. PCH pretreatment combined with disk milling increased BSB surface area by 31.80-106.93%, which was greater than observed using LHW pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hsun Cheng
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Bruce S Dien
- Bioenergy Research Unit, National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research, USDA-ARS, Peoria, IL 61604, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA.
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18
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Choi BD, Lee DK, Yang JC, Ayinon CM, Lee CK, Maus D, Carter BS, Barker FG, Jones PS, Nahed BV, Cahill DP, See RB, Simon MV, Curry WT. Receptor tyrosine kinase gene amplification is predictive of intraoperative seizures during glioma resection with functional mapping. J Neurosurg 2019; 132:1017-1023. [PMID: 30925466 DOI: 10.3171/2018.12.jns182700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Intraoperative seizures during craniotomy with functional mapping is a common complication that impedes optimal tumor resection and results in significant morbidity. The relationship between genetic mutations in gliomas and the incidence of intraoperative seizures has not been well characterized. Here, the authors performed a retrospective study of patients treated at their institution over the last 12 years to determine whether molecular data can be used to predict the incidence of this complication. METHODS The authors queried their institutional database for patients with brain tumors who underwent resection with intraoperative functional mapping between 2005 and 2017. Basic clinicopathological characteristics, including the status of the following genes, were recorded: IDH1/2, PIK3CA, BRAF, KRAS, AKT1, EGFR, PDGFRA, MET, MGMT, and 1p/19q. Relationships between gene alterations and intraoperative seizures were evaluated using chi-square and two-sample t-test univariate analysis. When considering multiple predictive factors, a logistic multivariate approach was taken. RESULTS Overall, 416 patients met criteria for inclusion; of these patients, 98 (24%) experienced an intraoperative seizure. Patients with a history of preoperative seizure and those treated with antiepileptic drugs prior to surgery were less likely to have intraoperative seizures (history: OR 0.61 [95% CI 0.38-0.96], chi-square = 4.65, p = 0.03; AED load: OR 0.46 [95% CI 0.26-0.80], chi-square = 7.64, p = 0.01). In a univariate analysis of genetic markers, amplification of genes encoding receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) was specifically identified as a positive predictor of seizures (OR 5.47 [95% CI 1.22-24.47], chi-square = 5.98, p = 0.01). In multivariate analyses considering RTK status, AED use, and either 2007 WHO tumor grade or modern 2016 WHO tumor groups, the authors found that amplification of the RTK proto-oncogene, MET, was most predictive of intraoperative seizure (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This study describes a previously unreported association between genetic alterations in RTKs and the occurrence of intraoperative seizures during glioma resection with functional mapping. Future models estimating intraoperative seizure risk may be enhanced by inclusion of genetic criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Douglas Maus
- 2Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Reiner B See
- 2Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mirela V Simon
- 2Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
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19
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Lee Y, Kim SJ, Kim YS, Kim H, Lee DK, Lee J, Go TH, Cha YS. The usefulness of the SOFA and APACHE II scoring systems for the early prediction of mortality in patients with dapsone poisoning. Hum Exp Toxicol 2018; 38:280-287. [DOI: 10.1177/0960327118806647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The rate of mortality from dapsone poisoning is high because of the long absorption half-life of dapsone. This study aimed to evaluate the usefulness of the sequential organ failure assessment (SOFA) and acute physiology and chronic health evaluation II (APACHE II) scoring systems for the early prediction of mortality in patients with dapsone poisoning. This is a retrospective and observational study of consecutive patients diagnosed with dapsone poisoning. The SOFA and APACHE II scores were obtained within the first 24 h of admission. Patients were divided into survivor and non-survivor groups. In total, 106 patients were included. The SOFA scores of the survivor and non-survivor groups were 1 (0–8) and 4 (1–10), respectively ( p < 0.001). The APACHE II scores of the survivor and non-survivor groups were 9 (1–25) and 14 (3–23), respectively ( p < 0.001). Based on these scores and in-hospital mortality cases, the standardized mortality ratios for the APACHE II and SOFA were 1.00 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.64–1.48) and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.64–1.49), respectively. In the model adjusted for clinically important variables and variables with significant differences between the survivor and non-survivor groups, the area under the curve of the SOFA (0.907; 95% CI: 0.834–0.955) was significantly higher than that of the APACHE II (0.793; 95% CI: 0.703–0.867) ( p = 0.008). The SOFA and APACHE II score systems had good discrimination and satisfactory calibration performance in patients with dapsone poisoning. However, the SOFA score was a more useful method in predicting mortality than the APACHE II score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - SJ Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - DK Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Republic of Korea
| | - J Lee
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - TH Go
- Center of Biomedical Data Science, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - YS Cha
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Abstract
Aided by developments in diagnostics and therapeutics, healthcare is increasingly moving toward precision medicine, in which treatment is customized to each individual. We discuss the relevance of precision medicine in prostate cancer, including gene targets, therapeutics and resistance mechanisms. We foresee precision medicine becoming an integral component of prostate cancer management to increase response to therapy and prolong survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edel M. McCrea
- Molecular Pharmacology Section, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Daniel K. Lee
- Medical Oncology Service, and the Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tristan M. Sissung
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - William D. Figg
- Clinical Pharmacology Program, Office of the Clinical Director, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Rockville Pike, Bldg 10/Room 5A01, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
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21
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Nadal R, Mortazavi A, Stein MN, Pal SK, Lee DK, Parnes HL, Ning YM, Cordes LM, Bagheri MH, Thompson R, Mayfield C, Steinberg SM, Monk P, Lara P, Costello R, Agarwal PK, Bottaro D, Dahut WL, Apolo AB. Clinical efficacy of cabozantinib plus nivolumab (CaboNivo) and CaboNivo plus ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi) in patients (pts) with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) either naïve (n) or refractory (r) to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI). J Clin Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2018.36.15_suppl.4528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Nadal
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Amir Mortazavi
- Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital, Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH
| | | | | | - Daniel K Lee
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Howard L. Parnes
- National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Yang-Min Ning
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD
| | | | - Mohammadhadi H. Bagheri
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ryan Thompson
- National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | | | | | - Primo Lara
- University of California, Davis, Sacramento, CA
| | - Rene Costello
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Piyush K. Agarwal
- National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - Donald Bottaro
- National Cancer Institute at the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | | | - Andrea B. Apolo
- Genitourinary Malignancies Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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Lee DK, Fedorenko E, Simon MV, Curry WT, Nahed BV, Cahill DP, Williams ZM. Neural encoding and production of functional morphemes in the posterior temporal lobe. Nat Commun 2018; 9:1877. [PMID: 29760465 PMCID: PMC5951905 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04235-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Morphemes are the smallest meaning-carrying units in human language, and are among the most basic building blocks through which humans express specific ideas and concepts. By using time-resolved cortical stimulations, neural recordings, and focal lesion evaluations, we show that inhibition of a small cortical area within the left dominant posterior–superior temporal lobe selectively impairs the ability to produce appropriate functional morphemes but does not distinctly affect semantic and lexical retrieval, comprehension, or articulation. Additionally, neural recordings within this area reveal the localized encoding of morphological properties and their planned production prior to speech onset. Finally, small lesions localized to the gray matter in this area result in a selective functional morpheme-production deficit. Collectively, these findings reveal a detailed division of linguistic labor within the posterior–superior temporal lobe and suggest that functional morpheme processing constitutes an operationally discrete step in the series of computations essential to language production. Functional morphemes allow us to express details about objects, events, and their relationships. Here, authors show that inhibiting a small cortical area within left posterior superior temporal lobe selectively impairs the ability to produce functional morphemes but does not impair other linguistic abilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Lee
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Evelina Fedorenko
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA.,Harvard Program in Speech and Hearing Bioscience, Cambridge, 02138, MA, USA.,Massachusetts Institute of Technology, McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Cambridge, 02139, MA, USA
| | - Mirela V Simon
- Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - William T Curry
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Brian V Nahed
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Dan P Cahill
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA
| | - Ziv M Williams
- Department of Neurosurgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02114, MA, USA. .,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Boston, 02115, MA, USA. .,Program in Neuroscience, Harvard Medical School, Boston, 02115, MA, USA.
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Lee DK, Song YK, Park BW, Cho HP, Yeom JS, Cho G, Cho H. The robustness of T 2 value as a trabecular structural index at multiple spatial resolutions of 7 Tesla MRI. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1949-1961. [PMID: 29656389 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the robustness of MR transverse relaxation times of trabecular bone from spin-echo and gradient-echo acquisitions at multiple spatial resolutions of 7 T. METHODS The effects of MRI resolutions to T2 and T2* of trabecular bone were numerically evaluated by Monte Carlo simulations. T2 , T2*, and trabecular structural indices from multislice multi-echo and UTE acquisitions were measured in defatted human distal femoral condyles on a 7 T scanner. Reference structural indices were extracted from high-resolution microcomputed tomography images. For bovine knee trabecular samples with intact bone marrow, T2 and T2* were measured by degrading spatial resolutions on a 7 T system. RESULTS In the defatted trabecular experiment, both T2 and T2* values showed strong ( |r| > 0.80) correlations with trabecular spacing and number, at a high spatial resolution of 125 µm3 . The correlations for MR image-segmentation-derived structural indices were significantly degraded ( |r| < 0.50) at spatial resolutions of 250 and 500 µm3 . The correlations for T2* rapidly dropped ( |r| < 0.50) at a spatial resolution of 500 µm3 , whereas those for T2 remained consistently high ( |r| > 0.85). In the bovine trabecular experiments with intact marrow, low-resolution (approximately 1 mm3 , 2 minutes) T2 values did not shorten ( |r| > 0.95 with respect to approximately 0.4 mm3 , 11 minutes) and maintained consistent correlations ( |r| > 0.70) with respect to trabecular spacing (turbo spin echo, 22.5 minutes). CONCLUSION T2 measurements of trabeculae at 7 T are robust with degrading spatial resolution and may be preferable in assessing trabecular spacing index with reduced scan time, when high-resolution 3D micro-MRI is difficult to obtain.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Y K Song
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - B W Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H P Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J S Yeom
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - G Cho
- Korea Basic Science Institute, Ochang, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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Lee MS, Anderson EK, Stojšin D, McPherson MA, Baltazar B, Horak MJ, de la Fuente JM, Wu K, Crowley JH, Rayburn AL, Lee DK. Assessment of the potential for gene flow from transgenic maize (Zea mays L.) to eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.). Transgenic Res 2017; 26:501-514. [PMID: 28466411 PMCID: PMC5504203 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-017-0020-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Accepted: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Eastern gamagrass (Tripsacum dactyloides L.) belongs to the same tribe of the Poaceae family as maize (Zea mays L.) and grows naturally in the same region where maize is commercially produced in the USA. Although no evidence exists of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in nature, experimental crosses between the two species were produced using specific techniques. As part of environmental risk assessment, the possibility of transgene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass populations in nature was evaluated with the objectives: (1) to assess the seeds of eastern gamagrass populations naturally growing near commercial maize fields for the presence of a transgenic glyphosate-tolerance gene (cp4 epsps) that would indicate cross-pollination between the two species, and (2) to evaluate the possibility of interspecific hybridization between transgenic maize used as male parent and eastern gamagrass used as female parent. A total of 46,643 seeds from 54 eastern gamagrass populations collected in proximity of maize fields in Illinois, USA were planted in a field in 2014 and 2015. Emerged seedlings were treated with glyphosate herbicide and assessed for survival. An additional 48,000 seeds from the same 54 eastern gamagrass populations were tested for the presence of the cp4 epsps transgene markers using TaqMan® PCR method. The results from these trials showed that no seedlings survived the herbicide treatment and no seed indicated presence of the herbicide tolerant cp4 epsps transgene, even though these eastern gamagrass populations were exposed to glyphosate-tolerant maize pollen for years. Furthermore, no interspecific hybrid seeds were produced from 135 hand-pollination attempts involving 1529 eastern gamagrass spikelets exposed to maize pollen. Together, these results indicate that there is no evidence of gene flow from maize to eastern gamagrass in natural habitats. The outcome of this study should be taken in consideration when assessing for environmental risks regarding the consequence of gene flow from transgenic maize to its wild relatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moon-Sub Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Eric K Anderson
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Duška Stojšin
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Marc A McPherson
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Baltazar Baltazar
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Michael J Horak
- Monsanto Company, 800 North Lindbergh Blvd., St. Louis, MO, 63167, USA
| | - Juan Manuel de la Fuente
- Monsanto Company, Park Plaza Torre II, 504 Javier Barros Sierra Ave., Col. Santa Fe, Del. Alvaro Obregon, CP 01210, Mexico, DF, Mexico
| | - Kunsheng Wu
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W., St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - James H Crowley
- Monsanto Company, 700 Chesterfield Parkway W., St. Louis, MO, 63017, USA
| | - A Lane Rayburn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave., Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Lee DK, Figg WD. A new predictive tool for postoperative radiotherapy in prostate cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2017; 18:277-278. [PMID: 28418285 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2017.1310347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The standard treatments of localized prostate cancer include surgical resection and/or radiotherapy. Recently in 2016, Zhao et al. described a tool to predict which patients will most likely gain from postoperative radiotherapy. Such a method can personalize treatment plan by maximizing benefit but minimizing harm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Lee
- a Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - William D Figg
- a Center for Cancer Research , National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda , MD , USA
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Bishop JW, Kim S, Villamil MB, Lee DK, Rayburn AL. Meiotic pairing as an indicator of genome composition in polyploid prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link). Genetica 2017; 145:235-240. [PMID: 28243829 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-017-9955-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The existence of neopolyploidy in prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata Link) has been documented. The neohexaploid was discovered coexisting with tetraploids in central Illinois, and has been reported to exhibit competitiveness in the natural environment. It is hypothesized that the natural tetraploid cytotype produced the hexaploid cytotype via production of unreduced gametes. Meiosis I chromosome pairing was observed in tetraploid (2n = 4x = 40), hexaploid (2n = 6x = 60), and octoploid (2n = 8x = 80) accessions and the percentage of meiotic abnormality was determined. Significant differences in meiotic abnormality exist between tetraploid, hexaploid, and octoploid cytotypes. An elevated incidence of abnormal, predominantly trivalent pairing in the neohexaploid suggests that it may possess homologous chromosomes in sets of three, in contrast to the tetraploid and octoploid cytotypes, which likely possess homologous chromosomes in sets of two. Abnormal chromosome pairing in the hexaploid may result in unequal allocation of chromosomes to daughter cells during later stages of meiosis. Chromosome pairing patterns in tetraploid, hexaploid, and octoploid cytotypes indicate genome compositions of AABB, AAABBB, and AABBA'A'B'B', respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey W Bishop
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Sumin Kim
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - María B Villamil
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - A Lane Rayburn
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Jung HS, Jin SH, Cho JH, Han SH, Lee DK, Cho H. UTE-ΔR2 -ΔR2 * combined MR whole-brain angiogram using dual-contrast superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles. NMR Biomed 2016; 29:690-701. [PMID: 27061076 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2015] [Revised: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The ability to visualize whole-brain vasculature is important for quantitative in vivo investigation of vascular malfunctions in cerebral small vessel diseases, including cancer, stroke and neurodegeneration. Transverse relaxation-based ΔR2 and ΔR2 * MR angiography (MRA) provides improved vessel-tissue contrast in animal deep brain with the aid of intravascular contrast agents; however, it is susceptible to orientation dependence, air-tissue interface artifacts and vessel size overestimation. Dual-mode MRA acquisition with superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPION) provides a unique opportunity to systematically compare and synergistically combine both longitudinal (R1 ) and transverse (ΔR2 and ΔR2 *) relaxation-based MRA. Through Monte Carlo (MC) simulation and MRA experiments in normal and tumor-bearing animals with intravascular SPION, we show that ultrashort TE (UTE) MRA acquires well-defined vascularization on the brain surface, minimizing air-tissue artifacts, and combined ΔR2 and ΔR2 * MRA simultaneously improves the sensitivity to intracortical penetrating vessels and reduces vessel size overestimation. Consequently, UTE-ΔR2 -ΔR2 * combined MRA complements the shortcomings of individual angiograms and provides a strategy to synergistically merge longitudinal and transverse relaxation effects to generate more robust in vivo whole-brain micro-MRA. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Jung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - S H Jin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - S H Han
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
| | - H Cho
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, South Korea
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K. Lee D, Szabo E. Repurposing Drugs for Cancer Prevention. Curr Top Med Chem 2016; 16:2169-78. [DOI: 10.2174/1568026616666160216154946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Abstract
Acute compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot is a not widely reported, but serious, potential complication that can develop after fractures, crush injuries, or high-velocity trauma of the lower extremity. Early recognition and treatment are critical in preventing morbidity and permanent complications. Although compartment syndrome of the lower leg and foot has been well-studied and documented in adults, its occurrence in the pediatric population is rare. We performed a systematic review of the published data and present the case of the youngest patient with isolated ACS of the foot. A high index of suspicion is warranted in pediatric patients with a traumatic injury to the lower extremity for compartment syndrome. Inconclusive radiographic findings owing to skeletal immaturity and the inability to verbalize symptoms place young children at high risk of undiagnosed compartment syndrome. Clinicians should have a very low threshold for fasciotomy to prevent long-term sequelae associated with undiagnosed compartment syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Wallin
- Site Director, Foot and Ankle Surgery Residency Program, Postgraduate Year 3, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Hienvu Nguyen
- Director, Graduate and Undergraduate Medical Education, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Lindsay Russell
- Chief, Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Assistant Director, Graduate and Undergraduate Medical Education, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA.
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Moriarty MA, Nepple KG, Tracy CR, Strigenz ME, Lee DK, Brown JA. Impact of Robotic Fellowship Experience on Perioperative Outcomes of Robotic-Assisted Laparoscopic Partial Nephrectomy. Curr Urol 2016; 9:19-23. [PMID: 26989366 DOI: 10.1159/000442845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND We analyzed differences in patient selection and perioperative outcomes between robotic-fellowship trained and non-fellowship trained surgeons in their initial experience with robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy. METHODS Data through surgeon case 10 was analyzed. Forty patients were identified from two fellowship trained surgeons (n = 20) and two non-fellowship trained surgeons (n = 20). RESULTS Fellowship trained surgeons performed surgery on masses of higher nephrometry score (8.0 vs. 6.0, p = 0.007) and more posterior location (60 vs. 25%, p = 0.03). Retroperitoneal approach was more common (50 vs. 0%, p = 0.0003). Fellowship trained surgeons trended toward shorter warm ischemia time (25.5 vs. 31.0 min, p = 0.08). There was no significant difference in perioperative complications (35 vs. 35%, p = 0.45) or final positive margin rates (0 vs. 15%, p = 0.23). CONCLUSION Fellowship experience may allow for treating more challenging and posterior tumors in initial practice and significantly more comfort performing retroperitoneal robotic-assisted laparoscopic partial nephrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chad R Tracy
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | | | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - James A Brown
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Lee DK, Albershardt DJ, Cantor RS. Exploring the mechanism of general anesthesia: kinetic analysis of GABAA receptor electrophysiology. Biophys J 2016; 108:1081-93. [PMID: 25762320 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2014.12.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 12/10/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A kinetic model of the effect of agonist and anesthetics on ligand-gated ion channels, developed in earlier work, is further refined and used to predict traces observed in fast-perfusion electrophysiological studies on recombinant GABAA receptors under a wide range of agonist and/or anesthetic concentrations. The model incorporates only three conformational states (resting, open, and desensitized) but allows for the modulation of the conformational free energy landscape connecting these states resulting from adsorption of agonist and/or anesthetic to the bilayer in which the protein is embedded. The model is shown to reproduce the diverse and complex features of experimental traces remarkably well, including both anesthetic-induced and agonist-induced traces, as well as the modulation of agonist-induced traces by anesthetic, either coapplied or continuously present. The solutions to the kinetic equations, which give the time-dependence of each of the nine protein states (three ligation states for each of the three conformations), describe the flow of probability among these states and thus reveal the kinetic underpinnings of the traces. Many of the parameters in the model, such as the desorption rate constants of anesthetic and agonist, are directly related to model-independent experimental measurements and thus can serve as a definitive test of its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | | | - Robert S Cantor
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Hanover, New Hampshire; MEMPHYS Center for Biomembrane Physics, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark.
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Friesen PC, Peixoto MDM, Lee DK, Sage RF. Sub-zero cold tolerance of Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass) and Miscanthus × giganteus: candidate bioenergy crops for cool temperate climates. J Exp Bot 2015; 66:4403-13. [PMID: 25873680 PMCID: PMC4493780 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erv085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Miscanthus × giganteus grown in cool temperate regions of North America and Europe can exhibit severe mortality in the year after planting, and poor frost tolerance of leaves. Spartina pectinata (prairie cordgrass), a productive C4 perennial grass native to North America, has been suggested as an alternative biofuel feedstock for colder regions; however, its cold tolerance relative to M. × giganteus is uncertain. Here, we compare the cold tolerance thresholds for winter-dormant rhizomes and spring/summer leaves of M. × giganteus and three accessions of S. pectinata. All genotypes were planted at a field site in Ontario, Canada. In November and February, the temperatures corresponding to 50% rhizome mortality (LT(50)) were near -24°C for S. pectinata and -4°C for M. × giganteus. In late April, the LT50 of rhizomes rose to -10°C for S. pectinata but remained near -4°C for M. × giganteus. Twenty percent of the M. × giganteus rhizomes collected in late April were dead while S. pectinata rhizomes showed no signs of winter injury. Photosynthesis and electrolyte leakage measurements in spring and summer demonstrate that S. pectinata leaves have greater frost tolerance in the field. For example, S. pectinata leaves remained viable above -9°C while the mortality threshold was near -5°C for M. × giganteus. These results indicate M. × giganteus will be unsuitable for production in continental interiors of cool-temperate climate zones unless freezing and frost tolerance are improved. By contrast, S. pectinata has the freezing and frost tolerance required for a higher-latitude bioenergy crop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick C Friesen
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - Murilo de Melo Peixoto
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, 1102 S. Goodwin Ave, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Rowan F Sage
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Willcocks Street, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5S 3B2
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Abstract
The treatment of ankle arthritis remains controversial. Ankle cartilage allograft replacement is a novel and complex procedure. Many clinical studies have shown some level of promise, as well complications. We performed a systematic review of the clinical outcomes to describe and assess the different techniques and clinical outcomes for ankle cartilage allograft replacement. We performed a review of the published studies using MEDLINE(®) by way of PubMed(®) and Google Scholar(®) from January 2000 through October 2014, ranging from case reports to clinical studies. The inclusion criteria consisted of ankle cartilage allograft procedures with objective findings and clinical outcome scoring and complication and fusion rates and excluded nonallograft synthetic graft techniques, bone substitutes or expanders, review reports, and technique instructional manuals. Evidence with the combination of objective findings and clinical outcomes for all 3 type of allograft replacement (osteochondral, unipolar, and bipolar) is lacking. Several techniques for cartilage fixation have been described, including absorbable and metallic fixation. Most of the studies reported many occurrences and a variety of complications. A myriad of techniques for ankle cartilage allograft replacement exists. The results from the present systematic review of the published studies appear promising; however, the lack of statistical power and inconsistent documentation made it difficult to determine the superiority of any one intervention compared with another for the treatment of ankle arthritis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierce Johnson
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Drexel University College of Medicine, Sacramento, CA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Undergraduate Medical Education, Drexel University College of Medicine, Sacramento, CA; Assistant Director, Undergraduate and Graduate Medical Education, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA.
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Kim SM, Guo J, Kwak S, Jin YS, Lee DK, Singh V. Effects of genetic variation and growing condition of prairie cordgrass on feedstock composition and ethanol yield. Bioresour Technol 2015; 183:70-77. [PMID: 25723129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2014] [Revised: 02/06/2015] [Accepted: 02/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Prairie cordgrass (Spartina pectinata L.) has the potential to be a feedstock for bioethanol. It is native to North America, and has extensive genetic diversity. Eleven natural populations of prairie cordgrass harvested in 2011 and 2012 were studied. Compositions of the samples showed significant differences within the same year, and between the two years. Two highest, one medium and two lowest glucan concentration samples from each year were selected to evaluate ethanol yield after dilute acid pretreatment and simultaneous saccharification and co-fermentation using Saccharomycescerevisiae SR8 that can ferment both glucose and xylose. Up to 88% of theoretical ethanol yields were achieved. Our research demonstrates the potential of prairie cordgrass as a dedicated energy crop with ethanol yields of 205.0-275.6 g/kg biomass and 1748-4368 L/ha, depending on feedstock composition and biomass yield. These ethanol yields are comparable with those of switchgrass, corn stover and bagasse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Min Kim
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Jia Guo
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Suryang Kwak
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Yong-Su Jin
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 905 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States; Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1206 West Gregory Drive, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1102 South Goodwin Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Vijay Singh
- Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 1304 West Pennsylvania Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, United States.
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Shah VS, Jung NL, Lee DK, Nepple KG. Does Routine Pathology Analysis of Adult Circumcision Tissue Identify Penile Cancer? Urology 2015; 85:1431-1434. [PMID: 25872693 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2014.12.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 12/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the utility of foreskin pathology analysis, we evaluated the outcomes and the costs of this practice in patients for whom penile cancer was not suspected. Adult circumcision specimens are routinely sent for pathologic analysis even when penile cancer is not suspected, increasing costs with little benefit. MATERIALS AND METHODS All adult patients who underwent circumcision between January 2000 and August 2013 at a single institution were evaluated by retrospective chart review. Cases of suspected penile cancer (n = 6) were excluded. We identified cases where foreskin specimens were sent for pathologic analysis and reviewed pathology reports. Our Department of Pathology estimated the cost for evaluation of specimens at $311 per case. RESULTS A total of 147 circumcisions were performed in patients with no suspicious findings. Pathologic analysis was obtained in 69% (101 of 147) of the cases. Inflammation (58%) was the most common finding. One unsuspected instance of squamous cell carcinoma (Tis) was identified in a patient with human immunodeficiency virus (1 of 147 = 0.7%). The overall cost of pathologic analysis in this study was $31,411. CONCLUSION In individuals without predisposing immunodeficiency and where cancer was not suspected, we found that pathologic analysis of circumcision specimens identified no additional malignancies. Our data suggest that in this normal risk population, pathologic analysis may not be required. Additionally, forgoing pathology on foreskin specimens in lower risk cases may reduce costs to the health care system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viral S Shah
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Nathan L Jung
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
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Ishigami K, Leite LV, Pakalniskis MG, Lee DK, Holanda DG, Kuehn DM. Tumor grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma assessed by contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Springerplus 2014; 3:694. [PMID: 25806147 PMCID: PMC4363222 DOI: 10.1186/2193-1801-3-694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to clarify the association between CT findings and Fuhrman grade of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). The study group consisted of 214 surgically proven ccRCC in 214 patients. Contrast-enhanced CT studies were retrospectively assessed for tumor size, cystic versus solid, calcification, heterogeneity of lesions, percentage of non-enhancing (necrotic) areas, and growth pattern. CT findings and Fuhrman grade were compared. Nineteen of 22 (86.4%) cystic ccRCC were low grade (Fuhrman grades 1-2). There was no significant correlation between tumor size and grade in cystic ccRCC (P = 0.43). In predominantly solid ccRCC, there was significant correlation between tumor size and grade (P < 0.0001). Thirty-eight of 43 (88.4%) infiltrative ccRCC were high grade (Fuhrman grades 3-4). Logistic regression showed tumor size and infiltrative growth were significantly associated with grades 3-4 (P = 0.00083 and P = 0.0059). Cystic ccRCC tends to be low grade. Infiltrative growth and larger tumor size may increase the likelihood of high grade ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Leandro V Leite
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Marius G Pakalniskis
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - Danniele G Holanda
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
| | - David M Kuehn
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242 USA
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Wang DS, Jani AB, Sesay M, Tai CG, Lee DK, Echt KV, Goodman MG, Kilbridge KE, Master VA. Video-based educational tool improves patient comprehension of common prostate health terminology. Cancer 2014; 121:733-40. [PMID: 25393416 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.29101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Health care providers often counsel prostate cancer patients about treatment options with medical terminology. However, studies have demonstrated a severe lack of comprehension of these terms, particularly in underserved populations. It was hypothesized that a video-based educational tool would significantly improve the understanding of key terms related to prostate health in a predominantly lower literacy population. METHODS A software application was developed by various experts, including urologists and human-computer interaction specialists, to serve as a video-based educational tool emphasizing narrated animations to promote understanding of terms related to urinary, bowel, and sexual function. This application was viewed by patients recruited from 2 low-income safety net clinics, where a previously developed survey was administered to assess pre- and postintervention levels of comprehension. RESULTS Fifty-six patients with a mean literacy level of 7th to 8th grade completed the study. Patients achieved statistically significant improvements in comprehension for the majority of the terms after the video intervention, with notable improvements including the terms incontinence (from 14% to 50%), bowels (from 14% to 46%), and impotence (from 58% to 84%). Patients demonstrated significant gains in their understanding of the function of the prostate (from 11% to 30%) and in their ability to locate the prostate on anatomic drawings (from 50% to 82%). CONCLUSIONS This video-based educational tool is an effective method for overcoming the severe lack of comprehension of prostate health terminology among patients. The improvements achieved have the potential to enhance patient participation in shared and informed decision making and to support combined visual-audio multimedia as a promising tool for prostate cancer education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Wang
- Department of Medicine, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Ishigami K, Pakalniskis MG, Leite LV, Lee DK, Holanda DG, Rajput M. Characterization of renal cell carcinoma, oncocytoma, and lipid-poor angiomyolipoma by unenhanced, nephrographic, and delayed phase contrast-enhanced computed tomography. Clin Imaging 2014; 39:76-84. [PMID: 25457535 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinimag.2014.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/19/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to assess the characterization of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and benign renal tumors by unenhanced, nephrographic, and delayed phase computed tomography (CT). The study group consisted of 129 renal tumors including 79 clear cell RCCs, 17 papillary RCCs, 6 chromophobe RCCs, 21 oncocytoma, and 6 lipid-poor angiomyolipomas (AMLs). CT studies were retrospectively reviewed. Our results suggested that it was possible to discriminate clear cell RCC from papillary RCC, chromophobe RCC, and lipid-poor AML. CT findings of oncocytoma overlapped with both clear cell and non-clear cell RCCs, although oncocytoma more commonly became homogeneous in the delayed phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousei Ishigami
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA.
| | - Marius G Pakalniskis
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Leandro V Leite
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danniele G Holanda
- Department of Pathology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Maheen Rajput
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Sharp VJ, Lee DK, Askeland EJ. Urinalysis: case presentations for the primary care physician. Am Fam Physician 2014; 90:542-547. [PMID: 25369642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinalysis is useful in diagnosing systemic and genitourinary conditions. In patients with suspected microscopic hematuria, urine dipstick testing may suggest the presence of blood, but results should be confirmed with a microscopic examination. In the absence of obvious causes, the evaluation of microscopic hematuria should include renal function testing, urinary tract imaging, and cystoscopy. In a patient with a ureteral stent, urinalysis alone cannot establish the diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Plain radiography of the kidneys, ureters, and bladder can identify a stent and is preferred over computed tomography. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is the isolation of bacteria in an appropriately collected urine specimen obtained from a person without symptoms of a urinary tract infection. Treatment of asymptomatic bacteriuria is not recommended in nonpregnant adults, including those with prolonged urinary catheter use.
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Shah VS, Nepple KG, Lee DK. Routine Pathology Evaluation of Hydrocele and Spermatocele Specimens is Associated with Significant Costs and No Identifiable Benefit. J Urol 2014; 192:1179-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.04.085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Viral S. Shah
- University of Iowa Department of Urology, Iowa City, Iowa
| | | | - Daniel K. Lee
- University of Iowa Department of Urology, Iowa City, Iowa
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42
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Wallin KJ, Cozzetto D, Russell L, Hallare DA, Lee DK. Evidence-based rationale for percutaneous fixation technique of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a systematic review of clinical outcomes. J Foot Ankle Surg 2014. [PMID: 24795208 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.03.018.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus are complex and have a high degree of morbidity. Percutaneous fixation techniques have been advocated in an effort to minimize postoperative complications. We performed a systematic review of the clinical outcomes to describe and ascertain the different techniques and clinical outcomes for percutaneous treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. A review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, from January 2000 to December 2012, with studies ranging from case reports to prospective studies. The inclusion criteria consisted of percutaneous fixation techniques with objective findings (Sander's classification and Bohler's angle measurements) and clinical outcome scoring and complication and subtalar fusion rates. The exclusion criteria included studies with open or limited open procedures, the use of external fixation, the use of bone substitutes alone, and pathologic or open fractures. Data and evidence with a combination of objective findings and clinical outcomes are lacking. Several techniques for percutaneous fixation have been described, including Schanz pins and Kirschner wires, cannulated screws, arthroscopically guided percutaneous fixation, and application of bone substitute. A myriad of techniques are available for percutaneous intra-articular calcaneal fixation. The results from the current data appear to be promising; however, the lack of statistical power and inconsistent documentation have made it difficult to determine any superiority. The complication rates were much lower than those with open procedures, regardless of the technique. The percutaneous fixation technique appears to be a favorable option for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Wallin
- Attending Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Dana Cozzetto
- Postgraduate Year 3, Foot and Ankle Residency Program, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Sacramento, CA
| | - Lindsay Russell
- Chief, Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Domingo A Hallare
- Chief, Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Site Director, Foot and Ankle Surgery Residency Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA.
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Wallin KJ, Cozzetto D, Russell L, Hallare DA, Lee DK. Evidence-based rationale for percutaneous fixation technique of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures: a systematic review of clinical outcomes. J Foot Ankle Surg 2014; 53:740-3. [PMID: 24795208 DOI: 10.1053/j.jfas.2014.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Displaced intra-articular fractures of the calcaneus are complex and have a high degree of morbidity. Percutaneous fixation techniques have been advocated in an effort to minimize postoperative complications. We performed a systematic review of the clinical outcomes to describe and ascertain the different techniques and clinical outcomes for percutaneous treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures. A review was performed using PubMed and Google Scholar, from January 2000 to December 2012, with studies ranging from case reports to prospective studies. The inclusion criteria consisted of percutaneous fixation techniques with objective findings (Sander's classification and Bohler's angle measurements) and clinical outcome scoring and complication and subtalar fusion rates. The exclusion criteria included studies with open or limited open procedures, the use of external fixation, the use of bone substitutes alone, and pathologic or open fractures. Data and evidence with a combination of objective findings and clinical outcomes are lacking. Several techniques for percutaneous fixation have been described, including Schanz pins and Kirschner wires, cannulated screws, arthroscopically guided percutaneous fixation, and application of bone substitute. A myriad of techniques are available for percutaneous intra-articular calcaneal fixation. The results from the current data appear to be promising; however, the lack of statistical power and inconsistent documentation have made it difficult to determine any superiority. The complication rates were much lower than those with open procedures, regardless of the technique. The percutaneous fixation technique appears to be a favorable option for displaced intra-articular calcaneal fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly J Wallin
- Attending Surgeon, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Dana Cozzetto
- Postgraduate Year 3, Foot and Ankle Residency Program, Kaiser Foundation Hospital, Sacramento, CA
| | - Lindsay Russell
- Chief, Foot and Ankle Surgery, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Domingo A Hallare
- Chief, Orthopaedic Trauma, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA
| | - Daniel K Lee
- Site Director, Foot and Ankle Surgery Residency Program, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Kaiser Permanente South Sacramento Medical Center, South Sacramento, CA.
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Abstract
Olfaction based behavioral experiments are important for the investigation of sensory coding, perception, decision making and memory formation. The predominant experimental paradigms employ forced choice operant assays, which require associative learning and reinforced training. Animal performance in these assays not only reflects odor perception but also the confidence in decision making and memory. In this study, we describe a versatile and automated setup, "Poking-Registered Olfactory Behavior Evaluation System" (PROBES), which can be adapted to perform multiple olfactory assays. In addition to forced choice assays, we employ this system to examine animal's innate ability for odor detection, discrimination and preference without elaborate training procedures. These assays provide quantitative measurements of odor discrimination and robust readouts of odor preference. Using PROBES, we find odor detection thresholds are at lower concentrations in naïve animals than those determined by forced choice assays. PROBES-based automated assays provide an efficient way of analyzing innate odor-triggered behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Qiu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Aaron Scott
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Hayley Scheerer
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Nirjal Sapkota
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Daniel K. Lee
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Limei Ma
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - C. Ron Yu
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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45
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Lee IH, Sohn M, Lim HJ, Yoon S, Oh H, Shin S, Shin JH, Oh SH, Kim J, Lee DK, Noh DY, Bae DS, Seong JK, Bae YS. Ahnak functions as a tumor suppressor via modulation of TGFβ/Smad signaling pathway. Oncogene 2014; 33:4675-84. [PMID: 24662814 PMCID: PMC4180639 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2013] [Revised: 12/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/24/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We provide detailed mechanisms of Ahnak-mediated potentiation of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ) signaling, which leads to a negative regulation of cell growth. We show that Smad3 interacts with Ahnak through MH2 domain and that Ahnak stimulates Smad3 localization into nucleus leading to potentiating TGFβ-induced transcriptional activity of R-Smad. Moreover, overexpression of Ahnak resulted in growth retardation and cell cycle arrest through downregulation of c-Myc and cyclin D1/D2. We describe results from analyses of Ahnak−/− mouse model expressing middle T antigen in a mammary gland-specific manner (MMTVTg/+Ahnak−/−), which showed significantly progressed hyperplasia of mammary glands compared with MMTVTg/+Ahnak+/+. Finally, we screened multiple human breast cancer tissues and showed that the expression of Ahnak in cancer tissues is lower than that in control tissues by 50%. Taken together, these data indicate that Ahnak mediates a negative regulation of cell growth and acts as novel tumor suppressor through potentiation of TGFβ signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- I H Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M Sohn
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Lim
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Yoon
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Oh
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Shin
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Shin
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S-H Oh
- College of Pharmacy, Gachon University, Incheon, Korea
| | - J Kim
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D K Lee
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D Y Noh
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - D S Bae
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Samsung Hospital, SungKyunKwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J K Seong
- Laboratory of Developmental Biology and Genomics, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Bae
- Department of Life Sciences and GT5 program, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
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Tsuchiya T, Itoi T, Sofuni A, Itokawa F, Lee DK. Biliary duct-to-duct anastomosis using magnets in a Billroth II gastrectomy patient. Endoscopy 2014; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E243-4. [PMID: 24008446 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1310071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Tsuchiya
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical University Hospital, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Lee DK, Montgomery DP, Porter JR. Concurrent transperitoneal repair for incidentally detected inguinal hernias during robotically assisted radical prostatectomy. Urology 2013; 82:1320-2. [PMID: 24139357 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2013.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report our experience with concurrent intraperitoneal inguinal herniorrhaphy using prosthetic mesh during robotically assisted radical prostatectomy (RARP) for incidentally discovered inguinal hernias. METHODS We performed a retrospective review of 1118 consecutive RARPs performed by one surgeon between July 2005 and July 2011. Cases that included concurrent hernia repair were compared with a group of patients matched 1:1 for age, body mass index, and year of surgery, who underwent RARP alone (controls). RESULTS A total of 91 patients underwent 113 concurrent inguinal hernia repairs during RARP. Twenty-two patients (24%) underwent bilateral repair. Of the 69 patients undergoing unilateral repair, 41 (45%) underwent left-sided repair, and 29 (31%) underwent right-sided repair. Thirty-five (38%) patients had previous inguinal hernia repair. Body mass index of cases and controls were 27.5 ± 3.4 and 27.8 ± 3.1 kg/m(2), respectively. Mean operative time in cases was 185 ± 28 minutes vs 168 ± 31 minutes in controls (P <.001). Estimated blood loss was 170 ± 61 mL for cases vs 194 ± 82 mL for controls (P = .03). No differences were observed in length of stay or prevalence of postoperative complications. There was 1 hernia recurrence, which necessitated repeat repair 1 year after surgery. No mesh infections or other complications related to hernia repairs were observed. CONCLUSION Inguinal hernias are a common intraoperative finding during RARP. Concurrent repair appears safe and effective with only a slight increase in operative time, and no increase in morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Lee
- Swedish Urology Group, Swedish Medical Center, Seattle, WA.
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48
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Han JW, Jang SI, Ma DW, Yoon SO, Lee DK. Invaginated ampulla of Vater in synchronous malignant intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasm of the pancreas and common bile duct cancer. Endoscopy 2013; 45 Suppl 2 UCTN:E25-6. [PMID: 23468151 DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1326106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J W Han
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Zhang C, Zhang P, Mo C, Yang W, Li Q, Pan L, Lee DK. Cadmium uptake, chemical forms, subcellular distribution, and accumulation in Echinodorus osiris Rataj. Environ Sci Process Impacts 2013; 15:1459-65. [PMID: 23764771 DOI: 10.1039/c3em00002h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytoremediation is a technology for extracting or inactivating pollutants in soil. Echinodorus osiris (E. osiris) is a fast growing perennial wetland plant that is common in tropical and subtropical areas and has a high tolerance to cadmium (Cd). However, the absorption dynamics, subcellular distribution and accumulation of Cd by E. osiris had not been investigated. In this paper, hydroponic experiments with different levels of Cd(2+) (0, 5.0, 15.0 mg L(-1)) were carried out to determine these characteristics of E. osiris. The results indicated that the Cd absorption rate of Echinodorus osiris decreased over time, and the absorption rate within 0.5-1.0 h was faster than after 1.0 h. In a 6.0 hour time period, the rate of Cd uptake fit a quadratic polynomial curve when E. osiris was grown under the 5 mg L(-1) Cd treatment. However, the rate of Cd uptake by E. osiris fit a cubic polynomial model with the 15 mg L(-1) Cd treatment. In the roots, the ethanol-extractable Cd, water-extractable Cd, and NaCl-extractable Cd were the largest proportions of the total Cd. The HAc-extractable Cd, HCl-extractable Cd, and residual-Cd represented a larger proportion of the total Cd in the leaves which was combined with phosphate including CdHPO4, Cd3 (PO4)2, and oxalic acid. When analyzing the subcellular distribution of Cd in the plant, the soluble fraction containing Cd accounted for the largest part (69.49-88.39%) followed by the Cd bound to the cell wall (8.44-25.62%). Both the lower and the higher Cd treatments demonstrated that compartmentation by the vacuole and cell wall binding were two effective defense mechanisms of the plant. However, the vacuole became the main site for Cd accumulation in the leaves under the 15 mg L(-1) Cd treatment. E. osiris was able to accumulate high concentrations of Cd in both the roots and the leaves. The Cd concentration reached 502.97 mg kg(-1) and 2742.95 mg kg(-1) in the shoots and roots, respectively, after 27 days of cultivation. It was concluded that E. osiris is a potential hyperaccumulator of Cd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolan Zhang
- School of Environment, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, PR China.
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50
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Wang DS, Jani AB, Tai CG, Sesay M, Lee DK, Goodman M, Echt KV, Kilbridge KE, Master VA. Severe lack of comprehension of common prostate health terms among low-income inner-city men. Cancer 2013; 119:3204-11. [PMID: 23733135 DOI: 10.1002/cncr.28186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 02/06/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients diagnosed with prostate cancer are often counseled about treatment options with the use of terms that are part of the "core vocabulary" of prostate cancer. It is hypothesized that predominantly lower literacy patients would demonstrate a severe lack of comprehension of prostate cancer terms, thus validating the findings of a previous single-institution study. METHODS A previously developed survey was used to evaluate understanding of terms related to urinary, bowel, and sexual function. The survey was administered by trained evaluators at 2 safety net clinics that provide care for low-income, predominantly African American patients. Comprehension was assessed using semiqualitative methods coded by 2 independent investigators. Literacy and numeracy were also evaluated. RESULTS Among 109 patients who completed the study, only 5% understood the function of the prostate, and 15%, 29%, and 32% understood the terms "incontinence," "urinary function," and "bowel habits," respectively. Lower levels of comprehension were observed for compound words, such as "vaginal intercourse" (58%), versus single words such as "intercourse" (95%), validating previous work. Median school level was 13 years, yet median literacy level was only ninth grade, and reading level was significantly correlated with comprehension. Only 30% of patients correctly calculated both a fraction and a percent. CONCLUSIONS Lack of comprehension of prostate health terminology is pronounced in this patient population and may be widespread. This lack of comprehension potentially limits the ability of patients to participate in informed decision-making. These results validate the findings of previous studies and supports a continued need for refined methods of prostate cancer education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Wang
- Department of Urology, Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia
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