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Lee A, Eldem I, Altintas B, Nguyen H, Willis D, Langley R, Shinawi M. Treatment and outcomes of symptomatic hyperammonemia following asparaginase therapy in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Mol Genet Metab 2023; 139:107627. [PMID: 37327713 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymgme.2023.107627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hyperammonemia has been reported following asparaginase administration, consistent with the mechanisms of asparaginase, which catabolizes asparagine to aspartic acid and ammonia, and secondarily converts glutamine to glutamate and ammonia. However, there are only a few reports on the treatment of these patients, which varies widely from watchful waiting to treatment with lactulose, protein restriction, sodium benzoate, and phenylbutyrate to dialysis. While many patients with reported asparaginase-induced hyperammonemia (AIH) are asymptomatic, some have severe complications and even fatal outcomes despite medical intervention. Here, we present a cohort of five pediatric patients with symptomatic AIH, which occurred after switching patients from polyethylene glycolated (PEG)- asparaginase to recombinant Crisantaspase Pseudomonas fluorescens (4 patients) or Erwinia (1 patient) asparaginase, and discuss their subsequent management, metabolic workup, and genetic testing. We developed an institutional management plan, which gradually evolved based on our local experience and previous treatment modalities. Because of the significant reduction in glutamine levels after asparaginase administration, sodium benzoate should be used as a first-line ammonia scavenger for symptomatic AIH instead of sodium phenylacetate or phenylbutyrate. This approach facilitated continuation of asparaginase doses, which is known to improve cancer outcomes. We also discuss the potential contribution of genetic modifiers to AIH. Our data highlights the need for increased awareness of symptomatic AIH, especially when an asparaginase with higher glutaminase activity is used, and its prompt management. The utility and efficacy of this management approach should be systematically investigated in a larger cohort of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Irem Eldem
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Burak Altintas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hoanh Nguyen
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology and Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rachel Langley
- Department of Pharmacy, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Marwan Shinawi
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Genomic Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
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Subramanian MP, Yang Z, Chang SH, Willis D, Zhang J, Semenkovich TR, Heiden BT, Kozower BD, Kreisel D, Meyers BF, Patterson GA, Nava RG, Puri V. Minimum Volume Standards for Surgical Care of Early-Stage Lung Cancer: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis. Ann Thorac Surg 2022; 114:2001-2007. [PMID: 35780816 DOI: 10.1016/j.athoracsur.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 04/17/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Multiple stakeholders have advocated for minimum volume standards for complex surgical procedures. The Leapfrog Group recommends that patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receive surgical resection at hospitals that perform at least 40 lung resections annually. However, the cost-effectiveness of this paradigm is unknown. METHODS A cost-effectiveness analysis was performed on 90-day and 5-year horizons for patients with clinical stage I NSCLC undergoing surgical resection at hospitals stratified by Leapfrog standard. Model inputs were derived from either the literature or a propensity score-matched cohort using the National Cancer Database. For the 5-year horizon, we simulated using a Markov model with 1-year cycle. Incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) was calculated to evaluate cost-effectiveness. RESULTS For the 90-day horizon, resection at a Leapfrog hospital was more costly ($25 567 vs $25 530) but had greater utility (0.185 vs 0.181 quality-adjusted life-years), resulting in an ICER of 10 506. Similarly, for the 5-year horizon, resection at a Leapfrog hospital was more costly ($26 600 vs $26 495) but more effective (3.216 vs 3.122 quality-adjusted life-years), resulting in an ICER of 1108. When the costs for long-distance travel, lodging, and loss of productivity for caregivers were factored in, the ICER was 20 499 during the 5-year horizon for resection at Leapfrog hospitals. Using a willingness-to-pay threshold of $50 000, resection at a Leapfrog hospital remained cost-effective. CONCLUSIONS Receiving surgery for clinical stage I NSCLC at hospitals that meet Leapfrog volume standards is cost-effective. Payers and policymakers should consider supporting patient and caregiver travel to higher volume institutions for lung cancer surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie P Subramanian
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Zhizhou Yang
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Su-Hsin Chang
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Willis
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jianrong Zhang
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Tara R Semenkovich
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Brendan T Heiden
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Benjamin D Kozower
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel Kreisel
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Bryan F Meyers
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - G Alexander Patterson
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Ruben G Nava
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Varun Puri
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri.
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Lukovic J, Moore A, Lee M, Willis D, Ahmed S, Akra M, Hortobagyi E, Joon D, Kron T, Liu Z, Ryan J, Thomas M, Wall K, Ward I, Wiltshire K, O'Callaghan C, Wong R, Ringash J, Haustermans K, Leong T. The Feasibility of Quality Assurance in the TOPGEAR International Phase III Clinical Trial of Neoadjuvant Chemoradiotherapy for Gastric Cancer (An Intergroup Trial of the AGITG/TROG/EORTC/CCTG). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2021.07.111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Byrnes K, Hamlett L, Wood D, Vignarajah D, Willis D, Hoozer M. PP-0166 Failure modes and effects analysis guided implementation of 3D printed bolus for skin brachytherapy. Radiother Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)06458-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Quinlivan R, Messer B, Murphy P, Astin R, Mukherjee R, Khan J, Emmanuel A, Wong S, Kulshresha R, Willis T, Pattni J, Willis D, Morgan A, Savvatis K, Keen R, Bourke J, Marini Bettolo C, Hewamadduma C. Adult North Star Network (ANSN): Consensus Guideline For The Standard Of Care Of Adults With Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy. J Neuromuscul Dis 2021; 8:899-926. [PMID: 34511509 PMCID: PMC8673515 DOI: 10.3233/jnd-200609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
There are growing numbers of adults with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy living well into their fourth decade. These patients have complex medical needs that to date have not been addressed in the International standards of care. We sought to create a consensus based standard of care through a series of multi-disciplinary workshops with specialists from a wide range of clinical areas: Neurology, Cardiology, Respiratory Medicine, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Palliative Care Medicine, Rehabilitation, Renal, Anaesthetics and Clinical Psychology. Detailed reports of evidence reviewed and the consensus building process were produced following each workshop and condensed into this final document which was approved by all members of the Adult North Star Network including service users. The aim of this document is to provide a framework to improve clinical services and multi-disciplinary care for adults living with Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Quinlivan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - B. Messer
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - P. Murphy
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - R. Astin
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - R. Mukherjee
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - J. Khan
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - A. Emmanuel
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - S.C. Wong
- University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
| | - R. Kulshresha
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Foundation NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - T. Willis
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Foundation NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
| | - J. Pattni
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
| | - D. Willis
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shropshire, UK
| | - A. Morgan
- South West Neuromuscular Operational Delivery Network, Bristol, UK
| | - K. Savvatis
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- St Bartholomew’s Hospital and Royal London NHS Trust, London UK
| | - R. Keen
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - J. Bourke
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | | | - C. Hewamadduma
- Academic Neurology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences (SITRAN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - on behalf of the ANSN
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Disease, UCL Institute of Neurology, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, London, UK
- Newcastle-upon-Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
- Lane Fox Unit, Guy’s and St Thomas’ Foundation Trust, London, UK
- Heart of England NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
- University of Glasgow, Royal Hospital for Children, Glasgow, UK
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Foundation NHS Trust, Oswestry, UK
- Shrewsbury and Telford NHS Trust, Shropshire, UK
- South West Neuromuscular Operational Delivery Network, Bristol, UK
- St Bartholomew’s Hospital and Royal London NHS Trust, London UK
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
- Academic Neurology Department, Sheffield Teaching Hospitals Foundation Trust and Sheffield Institute for Translational Neurosciences (SITRAN), University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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Rymen D, Lindhout M, Spanou M, Ashrafzadeh F, Benkel I, Betzler C, Coubes C, Hartmann H, Kaplan JD, Ballhausen D, Koch J, Lotte J, Mohammadi MH, Rohrbach M, Dinopoulos A, Wermuth M, Willis D, Brugger K, Wevers RA, Boltshauser E, Bierau J, Mayr JA, Wortmann SB. Expanding the clinical and genetic spectrum of CAD deficiency: an epileptic encephalopathy treatable with uridine supplementation. Genet Med 2020; 22:1589-1597. [PMID: 32820246 DOI: 10.1038/s41436-020-0933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Biallelic CAD variants underlie CAD deficiency (or early infantile epileptic encephalopathy-50, [EIEE-50]), an error of pyrimidine de novo biosynthesis amenable to treatment via the uridine salvage pathway. We further define the genotype and phenotype with a focus on treatment. METHODS Retrospective case series of 20 patients. RESULTS Our study confirms CAD deficiency as a progressive EIEE with recurrent status epilepticus, loss of skills, and dyserythropoietic anemia. We further refine the phenotype by reporting a movement disorder as a frequent feature, and add that milder courses with isolated developmental delay/intellectual disability can occur as well as onset with neonatal seizures. With no biomarker available, the diagnosis relies on genetic testing and functional validation in patient-derived fibroblasts. Underlying pathogenic variants are often rated as variants of unknown significance, which could lead to underrecognition of this treatable disorder. Supplementation with uridine, uridine monophosphate, or uridine triacetate in ten patients was safe and led to significant clinical improvement in most patients. CONCLUSION We advise a trial with uridine (monophosphate) in all patients with developmental delay/intellectual disability, epilepsy, and anemia; all patients with status epilepticus; and all patients with neonatal seizures until (genetically) proven otherwise or proven unsuccessful after 6 months. CAD deficiency might represent a condition for genetic newborn screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisy Rymen
- Metabolic Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Lindhout
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Spanou
- 3rd Paediatric Department, Attikon University Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Farah Ashrafzadeh
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ira Benkel
- Klinik für Kinderneurologie und Kinderneurologisches Zentrum, EEG, Sana Kliniken Düsseldorf GmbH, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Cornelia Betzler
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany.,Institute for Transition, Rehabilitation and Palliation, Paracelsus Private Medical University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Christine Coubes
- Département de Génétique Médicale, Maladies Rares et Médecine Personnalisée, CHU, Montpellier, France
| | - Hans Hartmann
- Clinic for Pediatric Kidney, Liver and Metabolic Diseases, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Julie D Kaplan
- Nemours A.I. DuPont Hospital for Children, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, Wilmington, Delaware, DE, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MS, USA
| | - Diana Ballhausen
- Pediatric unit for metabolic diseases, Woman-Mother-Child Department, University Hospital Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Johannes Koch
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jan Lotte
- Clinic for Neuropediatrics and Neurological Rehabilitation, Epilepsy Center for Children and Adolescents, Schön Klinik Vogtareuth, Vogtareuth, Germany
| | | | - Marianne Rohrbach
- Division of Metabolism and Children's Research Centre, University Children's Hospital, 8032, Zürich, Switzerland
| | | | - Marieke Wermuth
- Department of Pediatrics, Klinikum Links der Weser, Bremen, Germany
| | - Daniel Willis
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karin Brugger
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Ron A Wevers
- Department Laboratory Medicine, Translational Metabolic Laboratory, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eugen Boltshauser
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Children's University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Jörgen Bierau
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes A Mayr
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria
| | - Saskia B Wortmann
- University Children's Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University (PMU), Salzburg, Austria. .,Radboud Center for Mitochondrial Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Amalia Children's Hospital, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
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Pruss KK, Willis D, Spray BJ, Jambhekar S. 0986 Positive Airway Pressure Care And Cleaning Practices In The Pediatric Home. Sleep 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The Sleep Clinic at Arkansas Children’s follows approximately 300 children who require positive airway pressure (PAP) at home. The clinic respiratory therapist provides oral and written cleaning instructions while some physicians choose to provide their own instructions. The home equipment company who supplies PAP in the home also gives cleaning instructions. The different routes of information given may result in inconsistent practices. It is extremely important to clean PAP equipment as directed as infection and illness may result from improper cleaning.
Methods
Caregivers of children who utilize home PAP devices were invited to complete an anonymous survey regarding cleaning practices during a Sleep clinic appointment. Data were collected electronically. Descriptive statistics were utilized to summarize results.
Results
There were 96 participants of whom 90% (87/96) were parents/caregivers. The mean age of the equipment user was 12 years and most were male (69%, 66/96). The mean length of time the equipment had been used was 2.6 years (SD 3.2). The majority of respondents, 67% (64/95), identified the parent/caregiver as responsible for cleaning. Only 25% (24/96) reported cleaning the mask daily as recommended; 43% (41/96) of participants reported cleaning tubing weekly; 27% (26/96) reported cleaning the water chamber daily by while most reported at least weekly (47%, 45/96). The majority, 58% (56/96) reported emptying the water chamber daily and using distilled water (81%, 74/96). Most respondents did not note respiratory symptoms starting/increasing with PAP (67%, 64/96). Of those with respiratory symptoms attributed to PAP, congestion was the most common (79%, 11/14).
Conclusion
There is a discrepancy between recommended and actual practices for cleaning PAP equipment. No significant association was found between the duration of PAP use and cleaning practices. However, a moderately low correlation between age and cleaning was identified. Increased age was associated with decreased cleaning practices.
Support
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Affiliation(s)
- K K Pruss
- Arkansas Children’s, LITTLE ROCK, AR
| | - D Willis
- Arkansas Children’s, LITTLE ROCK, AR
| | - B J Spray
- Arkansas Children’s, LITTLE ROCK, AR
| | - S Jambhekar
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, LITTLE ROCK, AR
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Schreier CJ, Greene RJ, Bhandari S, Britton N, Greene B, Grimm D, Hannah K, Hwang Y, Jeffress D, Kegley M, Mawhinney T, McGill B, Oehrl L, Schulze C, Smallidge R, Vincent D, Wallace M, Willis D. Determination of Ethoxyquin in Feeds by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/80.4.725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ethoxyquin is a chemical antioxidant used in feeds, ingredients, fats, and oils. A liquid chromatographic (LC) method for determination of ethoxyquin was developed. The method involves acetonitrile extraction of the sample and isocratic Cis reversed-phase chromatography with ammonium acetate buffer-acetonitrile as mobile phase and fluorescence detection. A collaborative study of the determination of ethoxyquin in various meals and extruded pet foods was conducted by The lams Company Research Laboratory. Eleven laboratories analyzed 16 samples (including 2 blind duplicates) consisting of 7 meat meals and 9 extruded pet foods. Sample means ranged from 0.25 to 289 ppm. Repeatability standard deviations ranged from 0.08 to 3.2 ppm, and repeatability relative standard deviations ranged from 4.5 to 32%. Reproducibility standard deviations ranged from 0.12 to 13 ppm, and reproducibility relative standard deviations ranged from 4.5 to 55%. The LC method for determination of ethoxyquin in feeds has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.
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DeVries JW, Silvera KR, Al-Hasani S, Alfiere J, Berge C, Boerner C, Cardozo S, Chettiar M, Dupont K, Gustafson K, Hanson E, Kazeminy A, Krueger D, Mazal R, Meland P, Mioc B, Oehrl L, Vinski E, Willis D, Wittrig B. Determination of Vitamins A (Retinol) and E (alpha-Tocopherol) in Foods by Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study. J AOAC Int 2019. [DOI: 10.1093/jaoac/85.2.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A collaborative study was conducted for the determination of vitamins A and E. Existing AOAC liquid chromatographic (LC) methods are suited for specific vitamins A and E analytical applications. This method differs from existing methods in that it can be used to assay samples in all 9 sectors of the food matrix. Standards and test samples are saponified in basic ethanol–water solution, neutralized, and diluted, converting fats to fatty acids and retinol esters and tocopherol esters to retinol and tocopherol, respectively. Retinol and alpha-tocopherol are quantitated on separate LC systems, using UV detection at 313 or 328 nm for retinol, and fluorescence detection (excitation 290 nm, emission 330 nm) for alpha-tocopherol. Vitamin concentrations are calculated by comparison of the peak heights or peak areas of vitamins in test samples with those of standards.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Karlene R Silvera
- Medallion Laboratories, 9000 Plymouth Ave North, Minneapolis, MN 55427
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Corley C, Dobberteen D, Willis D. MEALS AND MENTORING: FORMER GANG MEMBERS AND OLDER ADULTS CROSS GENERATIONAL AND CULTURAL BRIDGES. Innov Aging 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/geroni/igy023.579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Willis D, Easthope-Mowatt Y, Bassie C, McFarlene M, Kulshresthra R, Willis T. Palliative medicine and neuromuscular disorders in adults diseases and symptoms. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Willis D, Easthope-Mowatt Y, Bassie C, McFarlane M, Kulshresthra R, Willis T. Palliative medicine and neuromuscular disorders in adults- pilot symptom control clinic patient satisfaction and intervention efficacy. Neuromuscul Disord 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2017.06.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Lincoln NB, Drummond AER, Edmans JA, Yeo D, Willis D. The Rey Figure Copy as a Screening Instrument for Perceptual Deficits after Stroke. Br J Occup Ther 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/030802269806100108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the use of the Rey figure for screening patients for perceptual impairment following stroke. Stroke patients in a trial of a stroke unit were assessed using the Rey figure copy at entry to the study. Those admitted to the stroke unit were also assessed on the Rivermead Perceptual Assessment Battery (RPAB). In 61 patients assessed consecutively on both tests, using conventional clinical cut-off points the Rey figure copy was impaired in 31 out of 32 patients who were impaired on the RPAB. Fifteen patients who failed the Rey figure did not have perceptual problems on the RPAB, indicating that deficits on the Rey figure are not only due to perceptual problems. A receiver operating characteristic curve was plotted to compare different cut-off points. The Rey figure may be used as a brief screening assessment for perceptual deficits following stroke.
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Carnegie E, Whittaker A, Gray Brunton C, Harding S, Hilton S, Hogg R, Kennedy C, Pollock K, Pow J, Willis D. Young men with intellectual disabilities’ constructions of the human papillomavirus and vaccine. Eur J Public Health 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/ckw169.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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15
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Sharma K, Ashkin D, Fiorella P, Willis D, Dean S, Sharma A, Singh KK, Lee Y, Pedrosa M, Singh G, Sharma M, Laal S. Evaluation of multiplex polymerase chain reaction utilising multiple targets in Mycobacterium tuberculosis direct test negative but culture positive cases: a potential method for enhancing the diagnosis of tuberculosis. Indian J Med Microbiol 2015; 31:370-3. [PMID: 24064644 DOI: 10.4103/0255-0857.118896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPCR) utilising multiple targets (IS6110, Protein b [Pab] and MPB64 genes) in Mycobacterium tuberculosis Direct Test (MTD) negative but culture positive cases and comparison of MPCR with Real-Time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for diagnosis of tuberculosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS MPCR was carried out on 28 culture positive sputum samples. Out of 28 culture positive samples, 17 were originally reported, as MTD test negative and 11 were MTD test positive, respectively. The results of MPCR were compared with RT-PCR. To check the specificity of the tests, MPCR and RT-PCR were also evaluated with 16 non-tuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) isolates. RESULTS Out of 28 culture positive sputum samples, MPCR was positive in all 28/28 samples, whereas RT-PCR was positive in 27/28 samples and MTD test was originally tested positive in six sputum samples and on repeating MTD testing, five more sputum samples were positive and thus total number of MTD positive were 11/28 sputum samples, respectively. All the tests were negative on evaluation with all the 16 NTMs, thus giving specificity of 100% to all the tests; sensitivity of MPCR, RT-PCR and MTD tests were 100%, 96.42% and 39.28%, respectively, in these specifically selected samples. CONCLUSIONS MPCR may be an important tool in the rapid diagnosis of tuberculosis especially in disease endemic, resource limited countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Sharma
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh, India
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Ho P, Willis D, Aldousari S, Guo C, Dinney C, Wu X, Kamat A. MP34-07 DIFFERENTIAL GENE EXPRESSION IN RESPONSIVE VERSUS RECURRENT NON-MUSCLE INVASIVE HIGH-GRADE UROTHELIAL CARCINOMAS AFTER INDUCTION BCG. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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17
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Ho P, Willis D, Patil J, Tart K, Parikh S, Shah J, Delacroix S, Siefker-Radtke A, Dinney C, Pisters L, Kamat A. MP55-20 OUTCOME OF PATIENTS WITH CLINICALLY NODE-POSITIVE BLADDER CANCER WHO UNDERGO CONSOLIDATIVE SURGERY AFTER PRE-OPERATIVE CHEMOTHERAPY: MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER EXPERIENCE. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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18
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Choi W, Porten S, Kim S, Roth B, Chang T, Willis D, Tran M, Lee IL, Melquist J, Bondaruk J, Majewski T, Zhang S, Pretzsch S, Baggerly K, Plimack E, Hoffman-Censits J, Siefker-Radtke A, Czerniak B, Dinney C, McConkey D. MP61-07 IDENTIFICATION OF DISTINCT BASAL AND LUMINAL SUBSETS OF HUMAN BLADDER CANCERS WITH DIFFERENT SENSITIVITIES TO FRONTLINE CHEMOTHERAPY. J Urol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2014.02.1884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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19
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Choi W, Porten S, Kim S, Willis D, Plimack ER, Hoffman-Censits J, Roth B, Cheng T, Tran M, Lee IL, Melquist J, Bondaruk J, Majewski T, Zhang S, Pretzsch S, Baggerly K, Siefker-Radtke A, Czerniak B, Dinney CPN, McConkey DJ. Identification of distinct basal and luminal subtypes of muscle-invasive bladder cancer with different sensitivities to frontline chemotherapy. Cancer Cell 2014; 25:152-65. [PMID: 24525232 PMCID: PMC4011497 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2014.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1176] [Impact Index Per Article: 117.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2012] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Muscle-invasive bladder cancers (MIBCs) are biologically heterogeneous and have widely variable clinical outcomes and responses to conventional chemotherapy. We discovered three molecular subtypes of MIBC that resembled established molecular subtypes of breast cancer. Basal MIBCs shared biomarkers with basal breast cancers and were characterized by p63 activation, squamous differentiation, and more aggressive disease at presentation. Luminal MIBCs contained features of active PPARγ and estrogen receptor transcription and were enriched with activating FGFR3 mutations and potential FGFR inhibitor sensitivity. p53-like MIBCs were consistently resistant to neoadjuvant methotrexate, vinblastine, doxorubicin and cisplatin chemotherapy, and all chemoresistant tumors adopted a p53-like phenotype after therapy. Our observations have important implications for prognostication, the future clinical development of targeted agents, and disease management with conventional chemotherapy.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols/therapeutic use
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Basal Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/drug therapy
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Cell Proliferation
- Cisplatin/administration & dosage
- Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic
- Cohort Studies
- Doxorubicin/administration & dosage
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Humans
- Male
- Methotrexate/administration & dosage
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Muscle Neoplasms/classification
- Muscle Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Muscle Neoplasms/pathology
- Mutation/genetics
- Neoadjuvant Therapy
- Neoplasm Invasiveness
- Neoplasm Staging
- PPAR gamma/genetics
- PPAR gamma/metabolism
- Prognosis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/genetics
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 3/metabolism
- Receptors, Estrogen/genetics
- Receptors, Estrogen/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Tumor Suppressor Protein p53/genetics
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/classification
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Urinary Bladder Neoplasms/pathology
- Vinblastine/administration & dosage
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Affiliation(s)
- Woonyoung Choi
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sima Porten
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Seungchan Kim
- Computational Biology Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445N, Fifth Street, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Daniel Willis
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Elizabeth R Plimack
- Department of Medical Oncology, Fox Chase Cancer Center, 333 Cottman Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19111-2497, USA
| | - Jean Hoffman-Censits
- Department of Medical Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, 1025 Walnut Street, Suite 700, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Beat Roth
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tiewei Cheng
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Mai Tran
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - I-Ling Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jonathan Melquist
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Jolanta Bondaruk
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Tadeusz Majewski
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shizhen Zhang
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shanna Pretzsch
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Keith Baggerly
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Arlene Siefker-Radtke
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bogdan Czerniak
- Department of Pathology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Colin P N Dinney
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David J McConkey
- Department of Urology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; The University of Texas-Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences (GSBS) at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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20
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Pugh J, Parekattil S, Willis D, Stifelman M, Hemal A, Su LM. Perioperative outcomes of robot-assisted nephroureterectomy for upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma: a multi-institutional series. BJU Int 2013; 112:E295-300. [PMID: 23879914 DOI: 10.1111/bju.12163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review a multi-institutional series of robot-assisted nephroureterectomy (RANU) for management of upper urinary tract urothelial carcinoma (UUTUC) with respect to technique and perioperative outcomes. PATIENTS AND METHODS Between May 2007 and July 2011, 43 RANU were performed at three institutions for UUTUC with review of perioperative outcomes. A three- or four-armed robotic technique was used in all cases based on surgeon preference and the entirety of all procedures was performed using the robot-assisted technique. Single and two robot-docking techniques are described. RESULTS The mean (range) operating time was 247 (128-390) min, blood loss was 131 (10-500) mL and the median (range) length of stay was 3 (2-87) days. Pathology was pTa in nine patients, pT1 in 14 patients, pT2 in three patients, pT3 in 15 patients and pT4 in two patients. Lymph node dissection was performed in 22 patients (51%) with a mean (range) lymph node count of 11 (4-23). There were six postoperative complications: bleeding requiring a blood transfusion (grade II), splenic bleeding (grade IV), two cases of pneumonia (grade II) and two cases of rhabdomyolysis (grades II and IV). Nine recurrences (six bladder, two within the retroperitoneum and one in the contralateral collecting system) have been found to date on routine surveillance with a mean follow-up of 9 months. CONCLUSIONS RANU is a feasible alternative to laparoscopic and open techniques. Particular steps of the operation including sutured closure of the cystotomy and regional lymphadenectomy are facilitated with the use of robot-assisted surgery. Long-term outcomes are necessary to assess the relative efficacy of these approaches to more established techniques; however, early perioperative outcomes appear promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Pugh
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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21
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Zelikoff J, Willis D, Degheidy H, Zhang Q, Umbreit T, Goering P. Immune cell profiles in response to silver nanoparticles associated with medical devices (P3357). The Journal of Immunology 2013. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.190.supp.202.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Silver nanomaterials are increasingly being used as antimicrobial agents in medical devices, yet their effects on immunocompetence are unclear. This study investigated modulation of immune cell profiles and cell activation by exposure to silver nanoparticles (AgNP). Mice were injected iv (each day for 2 d) with 66 or 300 µg of either 20 or 110 nm AgNP (or sodium citrate) and sacrificed 1 d later. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that injection of 66 µg of 20 nm AgNP increased Th2 cells and decreased effector memory cells, while exposure to the same dose of larger-sized AgNP had no effect on numbers of CD3+,CD4+, Th1, Th2, Th17 cells, CD4/CD8 ratio, or total memory/naïve/central memory/effector memory cells compared to controls. At 300 µg, 20 nm AgNP significantly decreased the number of naïve CD4+ cells and CD3+CD4- cells (i.e., cytotoxic T cells), while increasing central memory cells, activated central memory cells, effector memory cells, activated effector memory cells, total memory cells, and natural killer cells. A somewhat different cell profile was observed following exposure to the same dose of 110 nm AgNP including an increase in activated CD11c+ cells (macrophages). Taken together, these data indicate that systemic AgNP exposure can modulate the immune system in a dose-dependent manner, with smaller size particles leading to more drastic effects. Overall, these studies have policy implications and demonstrate the need for protecting already vulnerable individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Judith Zelikoff
- 1Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical School, Tuxedo, NY
| | - Daniel Willis
- 1Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical School, Tuxedo, NY
| | - Heba Degheidy
- 2Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Qin Zhang
- 2Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Thomas Umbreit
- 2Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD
| | - Peter Goering
- 2Center for Devices and Radiological Health, FDA, Silver Spring, MD
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22
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Fernandez M, Willis D, Slack R, Dickstein R, Parikh S, Siefker-Radtke A, Guo C, Czerniak B, Shah J, Pisters L, Grossman HB, Dinney C, Kamat A. 523 CLINICAL OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH MICROPAPILLARY BLADDER CANCER TREATED WITH NEOADJUVANT THERAPY AND/OR RADICAL CYSTECTOMY. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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23
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Willis D, Fernandez M, Dickstein R, Sahil P, Shah J, Pisters L, Guo C, Czerniak B, Grossman HB, Dinney C, Kamat A. 1705 MANAGEMENT OF CT1 MICROPAPILLARY BLADDER CANCER. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.3015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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24
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Fernandez M, Willis D, Slack R, Dickstein R, Parikh S, Siefker-Radtke A, Guo C, Czerniak B, Shah J, Pisters L, Grossman HB, Dinney C, Kamat A. 526 PROGNOSTIC SIGNIFICANCE OF P0 STAGE IN PATIENTS WITH MICROPAPILLARY BLADDER CANCER UNDERGOING RADICAL CYSTECTOMY. J Urol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2013.02.1920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Thirtamara Rajamani K, Doherty-Lyons S, Bolden C, Willis D, Hoffman C, Zelikoff J, Chen LC, Gu H. Prenatal and Early-Life Exposure to High-Level Diesel Exhaust Particles Leads to Increased Locomotor Activity and Repetitive Behaviors in Mice. Autism Res 2013; 6:248-57. [DOI: 10.1002/aur.1287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2012] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Shannon Doherty-Lyons
- Department of Environmental Medicine; New York University Langone Medical Center; Tuxedo; New York
| | - Crystal Bolden
- Department of Pharmacology; The Ohio State University; Columbus; Ohio
| | - Daniel Willis
- Department of Environmental Medicine; New York University Langone Medical Center; Tuxedo; New York
| | - Carol Hoffman
- Department of Environmental Medicine; New York University Langone Medical Center; Tuxedo; New York
| | - Judith Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine; New York University Langone Medical Center; Tuxedo; New York
| | - Lung-Chi Chen
- Department of Environmental Medicine; New York University Langone Medical Center; Tuxedo; New York
| | - Howard Gu
- Department of Pharmacology; The Ohio State University; Columbus; Ohio
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26
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Willis D, Popovech M, Gany F, Zelikoff J. Toxicology of smokeless tobacco: implications for immune, reproductive, and cardiovascular systems. J Toxicol Environ Health B Crit Rev 2012; 15:317-331. [PMID: 22852812 DOI: 10.1080/10937404.2012.689553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The popularity of smokeless tobacco (ST), or noncombusted tobacco, usually placed within the mouth to be chewed, sucked, or swallowed, is growing rapidly and its prevalence of use is rising globally, due (in part) to greater convenience, as allowable cigarette smoking areas are rapidly decreasing, and increased social acceptability. Though data are limited, ST usage has been directly linked to a number of adverse health outcomes. The potential role that immune dysfunction, including dysregulation of immune cells and their components, may play in the progression of these adverse health outcomes is only just beginning to emerge. Evidence suggesting reproductive outcomes, such as perinatal mortality, preterm birth, and reduced sperm viability, also exists in conjunction with ST use. Cardiovascular health may also be impacted by ST use, resulting in increased blood pressure and endothelial dysfunction, both of which may potentially lead to cardiovascular diseases. This review describes the toxicological implications associated with ST use, with emphasis on immune, reproductive, and cardiovascular outcomes. Epidemiological studies are discussed with respect to experimental studies to help develop the relationship between ST and disease pathology. This review also summarizes the gaps in ST knowledge and potential future directions that are needed to more fully delineate the complex systems driving the adverse health outcomes associated with its use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Willis
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 57 Old Forge Rd., Tuxedo, NY 10987, USA.
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27
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Bedi C, Kron T, Willis D, Hubbard P, Milner A, Chua B. Comparison of Radiotherapy Treatment Plans for Left-sided Breast Cancer Patients based on Three- and Four-dimensional Computed Tomography Imaging. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2011; 23:601-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Revised: 02/14/2011] [Accepted: 02/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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28
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Willis D, Canales BK, Cheng L, MacLennan GT. Neural neoplasms of the bladder. J Urol 2010; 184:1492-3. [PMID: 20727550 DOI: 10.1016/j.juro.2010.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Willis
- Department of Urology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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29
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Willis D, Barry P. Audiovisual Interventions to Reduce the Use of General Anaesthesia with Paediatric Patients during Radiation Therapy. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2010; 54:249-55. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2010.02165.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Kusmartsev SA, Eruslanov E, McCullers M, Rosser C, Daurkin I, Vincent C, Willis D, Vieweg J. Abstract 5328: Expansion of CD11b+CD33lowCD15high immunosuppressive myeloid cell population in patients with bladder carcinoma. Cancer Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am10-5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Recent studies highlighted the immunoregulatory role of CD11b myeloid cells in cancer-associated immune non-responsiveness. Increased presence of myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC) is one of the major factors responsible for immune suppression in tumor hosts. Here we describe the expanded CD11b myeloid cell subset in peripheral blood obtained from patients with bladder cancer. Based on expression of CD33 and CD15 myeloid cells markers, the circulating CD11b-positive cells in patients with bladder cancer could be subdivided into two major subpopulations: CD33lowCD15high and CD33highCD15low. First subpopulation (CD11b+CD33lowCD15high cells) has granulocyte-type morphology, express G-CSF receptor (CD114) and secrete elevated amounts of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines such as G-CSF, MCP-1 MIP-1alpha, MIP-1beta. Second major myeloid cell subset from cancer patients (CD11b+CD33high CD15lowcells) displays a monocyte-type cell morphology and co-express CD14, M-CSF receptor (CD115), CCR2 and HLA-DR. We show here that proportion of granulocytic CD33lowCD15high cells is highly elevated in cancer patients as compared to healthy individuals. Patients with bladder cancer but not healthy volunteers show weak T cell proliferative response after in vitro stimulation. We demonstrate that granulocyte-type CD33lowCD15high cell population is involved in T cell hyporesponsiveness, since specific depletion of this cell subset restored the T cell proliferation. Obtained results suggest that fraction of PBMC in patients with bladder cancer patients contains markedly elevated proportion of CD11b+CD33lowCD15high granulocyte-type myeloid cell population which contributes to cancer-associated inflammation and tumor-induced immune suppression.
Note: This abstract was not presented at the AACR 101st Annual Meeting 2010 because the presenter was unable to attend.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 5328.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Irina Daurkin
- 1Univ. of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
| | | | - Daniel Willis
- 1Univ. of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL
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Kron T, Willis D, Bignell F, Martland J, Donnell S, May S, Chua BH. Centre credentialing for Trans Tasman Radiation Oncology Group trial 06.02: multicentre feasibility study of accelerated partial breast irradiation. J Med Imaging Radiat Oncol 2009; 53:412-8. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1754-9485.2009.02097.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Haworth A, McDermott L, Ebert M, Wiltshire K, Pearse M, Willis D, Sproston C, Thompson A, Kneebone A. DEVELOPMENT OF SOFTWARE TOOLS FOR ANALYSIS OF CLINICAL TRIAL BENCHMARKING EXERCISES. Radiother Oncol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(12)73261-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kron T, Willis D, Miller J, Hubbard P, Oliver M, Chua B. A spreadsheet to determine the volume ratio for target and breast in partial breast irradiation*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 32:98-104. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03178635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Leong T, Michael M, Lim Joon D, Willis D, Jayamoham J, Spry N, Harvey J, Di Iulio J, Milner A, Mann B. Adjuvant Chemoradiation for Gastric Cancer Using Epirubicin, Cisplatin, and 5-FU (ECF) Before and After 3D-Conformal Radiotherapy With Continuous Infusional 5-FU: A Multicentre Study of the Trans-Tasman Radiation Oncology Group (TROG). Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.07.197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Schachter J, Hook EW, Martin DH, Willis D, Fine P, Fuller D, Jordan J, Janda WM, Chernesky M. Confirming positive results of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis: all NAATs are not created equal. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:1372-3. [PMID: 15750110 PMCID: PMC1081269 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.3.1372-1373.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended confirming positive screening tests for Chlamydia trachomatis when positive predictive values are <90%. It is accepted that less sensitive tests (i.e., culture and immunoassays) should not be used to confirm the results of more sensitive nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs). We show that the same principle applies when NAATs are used for confirmation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Schachter
- Chlamydia Research Laboratory, Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California-San Francisco, 1001 Potrero Ave., SFGH 3416, San Francisco, CA 94110, USA.
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37
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Chernesky MA, Martin DH, Hook EW, Willis D, Jordan J, Wang S, Lane JR, Fuller D, Schachter J. Ability of new APTIMA CT and APTIMA GC assays to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in male urine and urethral swabs. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:127-31. [PMID: 15634960 PMCID: PMC540117 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.1.127-131.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A clinical evaluation was conducted in six North American centers to determine the ability of APTIMA CT (ACT) and APTIMA GC (AGC) nucleic acid amplification assays to detect Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae infections in 1,322 men by testing their urethral swabs and first-catch urine (FCU). The results obtained with ACT and AGC assays were compared to an infected patient status determined by testing the specimens with the APTIMA Combo 2 and the BD ProbeTec energy transfer multiplex assays. Symptoms did not influence the values. Positive and negative agreements of the ACT and AGC assays for individual specimens were high, with each comparator assay ranging between 94.3 and 100% for positives and 93.9 and 99.4% for negatives. The ACT and AGC assays performed on noninvasive specimens such as FCU effectively identified C. trachomatis or N. gonorrhoeae infections in symptomatic and asymptomatic men and should be suitable for screening male populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Chernesky
- St. Joseph's Healthcare, Hamilton, Ontario, Canada L8N 4A6.
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Atzori L, Chua F, Dunsmore SE, Willis D, Barbarisi M, McAnulty RJ, Laurent GJ. Attenuation of bleomycin induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice using the heme oxygenase inhibitor Zn-deuteroporphyrin IX-2,4-bisethylene glycol. Thorax 2004; 59:217-23. [PMID: 14985557 PMCID: PMC1746982 DOI: 10.1136/thx.2003.008979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pulmonary fibrosis is associated with a poor prognosis. The pathogenesis of fibrotic lung disorders remains unclear, but the extent of tissue damage due to the persistent presence of oxidants or proteases is believed to be important. The heme degrading enzyme heme oxygenase (HO) has been found to be expressed in experimental fibrosis, and generation of free iron and carbon monoxide (CO) by HO has been implicated in oxidant induced lung damage. A study was undertaken to examine the effects of the HO inhibitor Zn-deuteroporphyrin-IX-2,4-bisethylene glycol (Zndtp) on the development of pulmonary fibrosis in the bleomycin model of lung injury and repair. METHODS Zndtp (10 micro mol/kg) was administered subcutaneously twice daily to mice 1 week following the intratracheal instillation of 0.025 U bleomycin. Animals were killed 10 or 21 days after bleomycin instillation and indices of lung damage and fibrosis were evaluated. RESULTS Bleomycin treatment induced pulmonary cytotoxicity, increased levels of active transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), enhanced lung collagen accumulation, and decreased glutathione content. Zndtp administration significantly attenuated these indices. CONCLUSIONS Administration of Zndtp in the bleomycin model resulted in appreciable alveolar cytoprotection and amelioration of pulmonary fibrosis. This molecule and its analogues may warrant further consideration in the treatment of acute lung injury and fibrotic lung disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Atzori
- Centre for Respiratory Research, Royal Free and University College London Medical School, London, UK.
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Jenkins RG, Meng QH, Hodges RJ, Lee LK, Bottoms SEW, Laurent GJ, Willis D, Ayazi Shamlou P, McAnulty RJ, Hart SL. Formation of LID vector complexes in water alters physicochemical properties and enhances pulmonary gene expression in vivo. Gene Ther 2003; 10:1026-34. [PMID: 12776160 DOI: 10.1038/sj.gt.3301963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
There is currently an urgent need to develop efficient gene-delivery systems for the lung that are free of inflammatory effects. The LID vector is a synthetic gene delivery system, comprised of lipofectin (L), an integrin-targeting peptide (I) and DNA (D) that has previously been shown to have high transfection efficiency in the lung. We have assessed the effect of alternative methods of complex preparation on structural features of the complex, levels and duration of reporter gene expression and the host response to the LID vector. We have demonstrated that making the complex in water affects the structure of the LID complexes making them smaller and more stable with a more cationic surface charge than complexes prepared in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). When the LID vector was constituted in water and instilled intratracheally into the lungs of mice there was a 10-fold increase in luciferase activity compared with preparation in PBS. Furthermore, luciferase activity was still evident 1 week following vector instillation. This enhancement may be because of altered complex structure, although effects of the hypotonic vector solution on the lung cannot be excluded. The inflammatory effects of instilling the LID vector in water were minimal, even after three administrations of the LID vector, with only mild alterations in cytokine and broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cell profiles. These results demonstrate that the LID vector can generate high, and prolonged, levels of gene expression in the lung from small quantities of DNA and that careful attention to synthetic polyplex structure may be important to optimize efficiency of gene expression in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- R G Jenkins
- Centre for Cardiopulmonary Biochemistry and Respiratory Medicine, Royal Free and University College Medical School, University College London, Rayne Institute, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
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Braudeau C, Bouchet D, Toquet C, Tesson L, Ménoret S, Iyer S, Laboisse C, Willis D, Jarry A, Buelow R, Anegon I, Chauveau C. Generation of heme oxygenase-1-transgenic rats. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2003; 228:466-71. [PMID: 12709570 DOI: 10.1177/15353702-0322805-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) expression protects cells from a variety of cellular insults and inhibits inflammation. However, its role in the regulation of immune responses has not yet been clearly established. We generated HO-1 transgenic rats to directly test the impact of HO-1 on the different immune mechanisms. To temporally control the expression of HO-1, we used a one-plasmid tetracycline (tet)-inducible system. This plasmid contains the H-2K(b) promoter, which transcribes the tet transactivator (tTA) and expression of a human HO-1 cDNA is obtained in the absence of tetracycline. The DNA construct was microinjected into one-cell rat embryos and mothers and pups were maintained with tetracycline. Eight transgenic founders were obtained. Analysis of transgene expression in the absence of tet showed that 2 lines (12.4 and 12.6) expressed HO-1 mRNA in several organs (as detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction) and at the protein level only in the thymus. Expression levels of transgene-derived HO-1 increased after withdrawal of tet compared with transgenic rats maintained with tet, as detected by analysis of mRNA levels by quantitative real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Gross examination and histopathological analysis of several organs in both lines showed no anomalies. Thymocytes and splenocytes of both lines showed normal cell subpopulations and allogeneic proliferation compared with controls. Systemic immune responses against cognate antigens were normal in both lines, as evaluated by the proliferation of lymph node cells and the production of antibodies against keyhole limpet hemocyanin after immunization. Animals from line 12.6 rejected transplanted allogeneic hearts with the same kinetics as controls. In conclusion, short-term induction of HO-1 overexpression did not modify immune responses compared to those of control non-transgenic animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Braudeau
- Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U437/Institut de Transplantation Et de Recherche en Transplantation (ITERT) Cedex 01, France
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Gaydos CA, Quinn TC, Willis D, Weissfeld A, Hook EW, Martin DH, Ferrero DV, Schachter J. Performance of the APTIMA Combo 2 assay for detection of Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae in female urine and endocervical swab specimens. J Clin Microbiol 2003; 41:304-9. [PMID: 12517865 PMCID: PMC149571 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.1.304-309.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The greater sensitivity of nucleic acid amplification tests (NAATs) for Chlamydia trachomatis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae permits the use of urine and other noninvasive specimens, which can increase the reach and decrease the costs of public health screening programs aimed at controlling these infections. This study evaluated the performance of the APTIMA Combo 2 assay, a multiplex assay based on the transcription-mediated amplification reaction, for the simultaneous detection of both pathogens in endocervical swab and urine specimens from females. Combo 2 assay results were compared with patient infected status, which were available by using other commercial NAATs. Sensitivity and specificity for C. trachomatis were 94.2 and 97.6%, respectively, in swabs and 94.7 and 98.9%, respectively, in first-catch urine (FCU). Sensitivity and specificity for N. gonorrhoeae were 99.2 and 98.7%, respectively, in swabs and 91.3 and 99.3%, respectively, in FCU. The assay reliably detected both infections in coinfected patients. The Combo 2 assay can be recommended for use with endocervical swab and urine specimens from females, especially for screening tests for asymptomatic women in sexually transmitted disease surveillance programs. This Food and Drug Administration-cleared assay can be a useful tool in efforts to reduce the prevalence and incidence of C. trachomatis and N. gonorrhoeae infections in sexually active women and to prevent their costly and serious sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Gaydos
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
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Hildebrandt G, Maggiorella L, Rödel F, Rödel V, Willis D, Trott KR. Mononuclear cell adhesion and cell adhesion molecule liberation after X-irradiation of activated endothelial cells in vitro. Int J Radiat Biol 2002; 78:315-25. [PMID: 12020443 DOI: 10.1080/09553000110106027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Increased expression of cell adhesion molecules on endothelial cells is an important early event in inflammation. Low-dose radiotherapy is very effective anti-inflammatory treatment. The hypothesis that it may act by modulation of cell adhesion molecule expression in activated endothelial cells and the subsequent adhesion of mononuclear cells onto the activated endothelial cells was tested. MATERIALS AND METHODS EA.hy.926 endothelial cells were irradiated with 0.3-10 Gy X-rays at different times before or after stimulation with TNFalpha. ICAM-1 or E-selectin expression was measured by ELISA and FACS. Isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated with an activated and irradiated confluent monolayer of endothelial cells 4 h, 12 h or 24 h after stimulation, and adhesion was determined in dynamic and static adhesion assays. RESULTS In the static adhesion assay, where integrin-mediated adhesion dominates, radiation doses of 0.3-0.6 Gy reduced the adhesion of mononuclear cells onto EA.hy.926-EC in vitro by 25-40% and 15-25% of the control level 4 h and 24 h after stimulation, respectively, but increased adhesion 12 h after stimulation. In the dynamic adhesion assay, where selectin-mediated adhesion dominates, radiation doses of 0.3-0.6 Gy reduced the adhesion events by 40-50% and 30-40% of the control level 4 h and 24 h after stimulation, respectively, and again increased adhesion 12h after stimulation. X-ray doses of < or =5 Gy did not induce ICAM-1 expression, or modulate TNFalpha-induced ICAM-1 expression. E-selectin expression was, however, increased in a dose-dependent way 6 h after irradiation. In contrast, X-irradiation 2-5 h before stimulation decreased the characteristic transient expression of E-selectin after TNFalpha stimulation. CONCLUSIONS Modulation of E-selectin liberation on activated endothelial cells may be one mechanism to decrease leukocyte adhesion after low-dose irradiation in vitro, and could be involved in the therapeutic action of anti-inflammatory radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hildebrandt
- Department of Radiotherapy and Radiooncology, University of Leipzig, Liebigstrasse 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
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Horváth I, MacNee W, Kelly FJ, Dekhuijzen PN, Phillips M, Döring G, Choi AM, Yamaya M, Bach FH, Willis D, Donnelly LE, Chung KF, Barnes PJ. "Haemoxygenase-1 induction and exhaled markers of oxidative stress in lung diseases", summary of the ERS Research Seminar in Budapest, Hungary, September, 1999. Eur Respir J 2001; 18:420-30. [PMID: 11529303 DOI: 10.1183/09031936.01.00231201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, there has been increasing interest in noninvasive monitoring of airway inflammation and oxidative stress. Several volatile and nonvolatile substances can be measured in exhaled breath and have been suggested as potential biomarkers of these events. Exhaled gases, including carbon monoxide (CO), alkanes (ethane, pentane), and substances measured in breath condensate, such as hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and isoprostanes were all suggested as potential markers of oxidative stress in the lung. A European Respiratory Society (ERS) International Research Seminar entitled "Haemoxygenase-1 induction and exhaled markers of oxidative stress in lung diseases" was organized by the Airway Regulation and Provocation Group of the Clinical Allergy and Immunology Assembly in Budapest, Hungary in September, 1999 to integrate the latest knowledge on these issues and accelerate further improvement in this area. During this 2-day event several issues were raised about: the use and standardization of measurements in exhaled breath; problems of measuring expired H2O2 and other mediators in breath condensate; role and regulation of haemoxygenase (HO)-1 in the lung; and conditions and factors influencing exhaled CO. This report is a summary of the main presentations at the seminar, together with the current areas of research in this rapidly expanding field.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Horváth
- National Korányi Institute for Pulmonology, Dept of Pathophysiology, Budapest, Hungary
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Paul-Clark MJ, Gilroy DW, Willis D, Willoughby DA, Tomlinson A. Nitric oxide synthase inhibitors have opposite effects on acute inflammation depending on their route of administration. J Immunol 2001; 166:1169-77. [PMID: 11145698 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.166.2.1169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The bulk of published data has shown that NO is proinflammatory. However, there also exists the conflicting notion that NO may be protective during an inflammatory insult. In an attempt to resolve this issue, we have compared the effects on inflammation of a range of NO synthase (NOS) inhibitors given either directly to the site of the inflammatory lesion or systemically. It was found that in the carrageenin-induced pleurisy, a single intrapleural injection of the selective inducible NO inhibitors S-(2-aminoethyl) isothiourea (AE-ITU; 3 and 10 mg/kg) and N-(3-(aminomethyl)-benzyl) acetamidine (1400W; 10 mg/kg) or the selective endothelial cell NOS inhibitor L-N(5)(1-iminoethyl)-ornithine (10 mg/kg) not only exacerbated inflammation at the very early stages of the lesion (1-6 h), but also prevented inflammatory resolution. By contrast, administering NOS inhibitors systemically ameliorated the severity of inflammation throughout the reaction. To elucidate the mechanisms by which inhibition of NO synthesis locally worsened inflammation, we found an increase in histamine, cytokine-induced neutrophil chemoattractant, superoxide, and leukotriene B(4) levels at the inflammatory site. In conclusion, this work shows that the local production of NO is protective by virtue of its ability to regulate the release of typical proinflammatory mediators and, importantly, that NOS inhibitors have differential anti-inflammatory effects depending on their route of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Paul-Clark
- Department of Experimental Pathology, The William Harvey Research Institute, St. Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, London, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Follicular fluid steroid content and theca and granulosa cell steroidogenesis in pelvic congestion cystic ovaries were compared with steroidogenic function in both normal and polycystic ovaries. Ovaries were obtained at oophorectomy for benign gynaecological conditions, and classified according to gross morphology at dissection. Individual follicles were dissected out, follicular fluid aspirated, and granulosa and theca cells cultured in vitro. Androstenedione, progesterone and oestradiol content of the follicular fluid and overlying culture medium were measured by radioimmunoassay. There was a significant elevation of both basal and LH-stimulated androstenedione production by theca from both polycystic ovaries (n = 10; P < 0.005) and pelvic congestion cystic ovaries (n = 8; P < 0.05 and < 0.01 respectively) as compared with normal ovaries (n = 5). Granulosa cells from pelvic congestion ovaries (n = 7) had a diminished oestradiol response to FSH as compared with those from normal ovaries (n = 8). Follicular fluid from the majority of follicles in the pelvic congestion cystic ovaries had a high androgen:oestrogen ratio consistent with atresia. For the first time, pelvic congestion ovaries characterized by predominantly atretic follicles scattered throughout the stroma in a normal volume ovary are reported. Follicular atresia was reflected by reduced granulosa cell responsiveness to FSH, theca cell hyperplasia and increased basal and LH-stimulated androgen production. These ovaries are functionally distinct from polycystic ovaries, which do not have a higher proportion of atretic follicles than normal ovaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Gilling-Smith
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Imperial College School of Medicine at St Mary's, London W2 1PG, UK.
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Fitzgerald D, Willis D, Usher R, Outerbridge E, Davis GM. Dexamethasone for pulmonary interstitial emphysema in preterm infants. Biol Neonate 2000; 73:34-9. [PMID: 9458940 DOI: 10.1159/000013957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of a 3-day course of dexamethasone (0.5 mg/kg/ day) in 10 preterm infants (< or = 30 weeks gestation) with pulmonary interstitial emphysema (PIE) was studied in a retrospective case review. PIE was diagnosed at a median age of 7.5 days and treatment with dexamethasone began at 8.5 days. Seven of the 10 subjects had at least 2 days of conservative treatment (lowered mean airway pressure) preceding dexamethasone during which the mean airway pressure (MAP), oxygenation index (OI) and mechanical ventilation index (MVI) were not significantly different although within 3 days of dexamethasone each variable improved significantly (p < 0.05). Similarly, for all 10 infants, OI and MAP were significantly lower at 3 and 7 days from baseline (p < 0.005). By day 7, FiO2 (p = 0.022) and MVI (p = 0.011) were significantly lower and PIE had resolved on chest X-ray in 7/9 (78%) and improved in the remaining 2/9 (22%). Nine of the 10 infants survived to term. Three days of dexamethasone was associated with significant clinical improvement in most of these infants. The mechanism may relate to reduced airway oedema and inflammation and reduced airway obstruction.
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Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and free iron. The enzyme exists as a constitutive isoform (HO-2) and an inducible isoform (HO-1), which is also a stress protein (HSP32). HO-1 has previously been shown to be associated with the resolution phase of a non-immune model of acute inflammation. In addition, elevation of the enzyme was markedly anti-inflammatory. In the present study, these observations have been extended to two pleural models of immune-driven inflammation in the rat, an immediate type III hypersensitivity (Arthus) reaction and a delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Whilst these models have differing inflammatory mechanisms and time courses, they both showed HO activity to be maximal during the resolution phase. This activity was associated with increases in exudate bilirubin (a breakdown product of biliverdin) and increased expression of HO-1. Immunocytochemical analysis of inflammatory cell smears from the two models showed that HO-1 and HO-2 expression was restricted to mononuclear cells in the type IV hypersensitivity reaction, but included the polymorphonuclear cell population in the type III hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, irrespective of the pathogenesis of the lesion, evidence is accumulating to suggest that HO-1 has a universal role in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Willis
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Division of Pharmacology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Abstract
Anovulation in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is characterised by arrested growth of antral follicles. A relative lack of FSH may contribute to the persistence of anovulation but is unlikely, by itself, to be a major cause of it. Granulosa cells from anovulatory women with polycystic ovaries hypersecrete oestradiol, compared with size-matched follicles from normal ovaries or polycystic ovaries from ovulatory women. This phenomenon appears to reflect a condition of advanced maturation of medium-sized antral follicles. The underlying basis for the abnormalities in anovulatory PCOS remains uncertain, but it is possible that there are intrinsic differences in folliculogenesis between polycystic and normal ovaries which affect preantral as well as antral follicles. An alternative - but not mutually exclusive - explanation of this disorder is the abnormal endocrine environment. Hypersecretion of both LH and insulin are typical of anovulatory women with PCOS. Studies in isolated granulosa cells, have shown, that insulin greatly augments the action of LH on steroidogenesis but this interaction may compromise further growth of medium-sized antral follicles by generation of 'preovulatory' concentrations of cAMP within the granulosa cell and thereby leading, prematurely, to terminal differentiation of granulosa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Franks
- Department of Reproductive Science and Medicine, Imperial College School of Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, W2 1PG, London, UK
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Abstract
Heme oxygenase (HO) is the rate-limiting enzyme in the catabolism of heme to biliverdin, carbon monoxide (CO), and free iron. The enzyme exists as a constitutive isoform (HO-2) and an inducible isoform (HO-1), which is also a stress protein (HSP32). HO-1 has previously been shown to be associated with the resolution phase of a non-immune model of acute inflammation. In addition, elevation of the enzyme was markedly anti-inflammatory. In the present study, these observations have been extended to two pleural models of immune-driven inflammation in the rat, an immediate type III hypersensitivity (Arthus) reaction and a delayed type IV hypersensitivity reaction. Whilst these models have differing inflammatory mechanisms and time courses, they both showed HO activity to be maximal during the resolution phase. This activity was associated with increases in exudate bilirubin (a breakdown product of biliverdin) and increased expression of HO-1. Immunocytochemical analysis of inflammatory cell smears from the two models showed that HO-1 and HO-2 expression was restricted to mononuclear cells in the type IV hypersensitivity reaction, but included the polymorphonuclear cell population in the type III hypersensitivity reaction. Thus, irrespective of the pathogenesis of the lesion, evidence is accumulating to suggest that HO-1 has a universal role in the resolution of inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Willis
- Department of Experimental Pathology, Division of Pharmacology, St Bartholomew's and the Royal London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Charterhouse Square, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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Abstract
In recent years, encephalopathy has increasingly been recognized as a complication of Hashimoto's thyroiditis. It can begin abruptly as a stroke-like event, acute seizures, or confusion, or as an insidious decline in cognitive function. Most reported cases have been on adult patients, although this encephalopathy does affect children as well. This form of encephalopathy should be considered in the differential diagnosis of children and adults with unexplained neurologic deterioration. We describe the case of a child in whom acute encephalopathy was the presenting symptom of Hashimoto's thyroiditis.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Watemberg
- Child Neurology Division, Medical College of Virginia, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, USA.
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