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Feng J, Yu D, Sinsabaugh RL, Moorhead DL, Andersen MN, Smith P, Song Y, Li X, Huang Q, Liu YR, Chen J. Trade-offs in carbon-degrading enzyme activities limit long-term soil carbon sequestration with biochar addition. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1184-1199. [PMID: 36914985 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/15/2023]
Abstract
Biochar amendment is one of the most promising agricultural approaches to tackle climate change by enhancing soil carbon (C) sequestration. Microbial-mediated decomposition processes are fundamental for the fate and persistence of sequestered C in soil, but the underlying mechanisms are uncertain. Here, we synthesise 923 observations regarding the effects of biochar addition (over periods ranging from several weeks to several years) on soil C-degrading enzyme activities from 130 articles across five continents worldwide. Our results showed that biochar addition increased soil ligninase activity targeting complex phenolic macromolecules by 7.1%, but suppressed cellulase activity degrading simpler polysaccharides by 8.3%. These shifts in enzyme activities explained the most variation of changes in soil C sequestration across a wide range of climatic, edaphic and experimental conditions, with biochar-induced shift in ligninase:cellulase ratio correlating negatively with soil C sequestration. Specifically, short-term (<1 year) biochar addition significantly reduced cellulase activity by 4.6% and enhanced soil organic C sequestration by 87.5%, whereas no significant responses were observed for ligninase activity and ligninase:cellulase ratio. However, long-term (≥1 year) biochar addition significantly enhanced ligninase activity by 5.2% and ligninase:cellulase ratio by 36.1%, leading to a smaller increase in soil organic C sequestration (25.1%). These results suggest that shifts in enzyme activities increased ligninase:cellulase ratio with time after biochar addition, limiting long-term soil C sequestration with biochar addition. Our work provides novel evidence to explain the diminished soil C sequestration with long-term biochar addition and suggests that earlier studies may have overestimated soil C sequestration with biochar addition by failing to consider the physiological acclimation of soil microorganisms over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Dailin Yu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87102, USA
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43537, USA
| | - Mathias Neumann Andersen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- Sino-Danish Center for Education and Research, Eastern Yanqihu Campus, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 380 Huaibeizhuang, Beijing, 101400, China
| | - Pete Smith
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, AB24 3UU, UK
| | - Yanting Song
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Xinqi Li
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Qiaoyun Huang
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Yu-Rong Liu
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Soil Health and Green Remediation, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Blichers Allé 20, Tjele, 8830, Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change, Aarhus University, Roskilde, 4000, Denmark
- State Key Laboratory of Loess and Quaternary Geology, Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi'an, 710061, China
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Cui Y, Peng S, Delgado-Baquerizo M, Rillig MC, Terrer C, Zhu B, Jing X, Chen J, Li J, Feng J, He Y, Fang L, Moorhead DL, Sinsabaugh RL, Peñuelas J. Microbial communities in terrestrial surface soils are not widely limited by carbon. Glob Chang Biol 2023; 29:4412-4429. [PMID: 37277945 DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 04/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Microbial communities in soils are generally considered to be limited by carbon (C), which could be a crucial control for basic soil functions and responses of microbial heterotrophic metabolism to climate change. However, global soil microbial C limitation (MCL) has rarely been estimated and is poorly understood. Here, we predicted MCL, defined as limited availability of substrate C relative to nitrogen and/or phosphorus to meet microbial metabolic requirements, based on the thresholds of extracellular enzyme activity across 847 sites (2476 observations) representing global natural ecosystems. Results showed that only about 22% of global sites in terrestrial surface soils show relative C limitation in microbial community. This finding challenges the conventional hypothesis of ubiquitous C limitation for soil microbial metabolism. The limited geographic extent of C limitation in our study was mainly attributed to plant litter, rather than soil organic matter that has been processed by microbes, serving as the dominant C source for microbial acquisition. We also identified a significant latitudinal pattern of predicted MCL with larger C limitation at mid- to high latitudes, whereas this limitation was generally absent in the tropics. Moreover, MCL significantly constrained the rates of soil heterotrophic respiration, suggesting a potentially larger relative increase in respiration at mid- to high latitudes than low latitudes, if climate change increases primary productivity that alleviates MCL at higher latitudes. Our study provides the first global estimates of MCL, advancing our understanding of terrestrial C cycling and microbial metabolic feedback under global climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxing Cui
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Shushi Peng
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Manuel Delgado-Baquerizo
- Laboratorio de Biodiversidad y Funcionamiento Ecosistémico, Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiología de Sevilla (IRNAS), CSIC, Sevilla, Spain
- Unidad Asociada CSIC-UPO (BioFun). Universidad Pablo de Olavide, Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - César Terrer
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Biao Zhu
- Institute of Ecology, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, and Key Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes of the Ministry of Education, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, and College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Tjele, Denmark
| | - Jinquan Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Biodiversity Science and Ecological Engineering, National Observations and Research Station for Wetland Ecosystems of the Yangtze Estuary, Institute of Biodiversity Science and Institute of Eco-Chongming, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiao Feng
- College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yue He
- Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Linchuan Fang
- School of Resource and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio, USA
| | - Robert L Sinsabaugh
- Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Josep Peñuelas
- CSIC, Global Ecology Unit CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
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Luo M, Moorhead DL, Ochoa‐Hueso R, Mueller CW, Ying SC, Chen J. Nitrogen loading enhances phosphorus limitation in terrestrial ecosystems with implications for soil carbon cycling. Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Luo
- Academy of Geography and Ecological Environment Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering Fuzhou University Fuzhou China
| | - Daryl L. Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo Toledo OH USA
| | - Raúl Ochoa‐Hueso
- Department of Biology, IVAGRO University of Cádiz, Campus de Excelencia Internacional Agroalimentario (CeiA3), Campus del Rio San Pedro, 11510 Puerto Real Cádiz Spain
- Department of Terrestrial Ecology Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO‐KNAW) AB Wageningen the Netherlands
| | - Carsten W. Mueller
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - Samantha C. Ying
- Environmental Sciences Department University of California‐ Riverside CA USA
| | - Ji Chen
- Department of Agroecology Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
- Aarhus University Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Aarhus University Tjele Denmark
- iCLIMATE Interdisciplinary Centre for Climate Change Aarhus University Roskilde Denmark
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Sinsabaugh RL, Moorhead DL, Xu X, Litvak ME. Plant, microbial and ecosystem carbon use efficiencies interact to stabilize microbial growth as a fraction of gross primary production. New Phytol 2017; 214:1518-1526. [PMID: 28233327 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The carbon use efficiency of plants (CUEa ) and microorganisms (CUEh ) determines rates of biomass turnover and soil carbon sequestration. We evaluated the hypothesis that CUEa and CUEh counterbalance at a large scale, stabilizing microbial growth (μ) as a fraction of gross primary production (GPP). Collating data from published studies, we correlated annual CUEa , estimated from satellite imagery, with locally determined soil CUEh for 100 globally distributed sites. Ecosystem CUEe , the ratio of net ecosystem production (NEP) to GPP, was estimated for each site using published models. At the ecosystem scale, CUEa and CUEh were inversely related. At the global scale, the apparent temperature sensitivity of CUEh with respect to mean annual temperature (MAT) was similar for organic and mineral soils (0.029°C-1 ). CUEa and CUEe were inversely related to MAT, with apparent sensitivities of -0.009 and -0.032°C-1 , respectively. These trends constrain the ratio μ : GPP (= (CUEa × CUEh )/(1 - CUEe )) with respect to MAT by counterbalancing the apparent temperature sensitivities of the component processes. At the ecosystem scale, the counterbalance is effected by modulating soil organic matter stocks. The results suggest that a μ : GPP value of c. 0.13 is a homeostatic steady state for ecosystem carbon fluxes at a large scale.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daryl L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH, 43606, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Xu
- Biology Department, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, 92182, USA
| | - Marcy E Litvak
- Biology Department, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, 87131, USA
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Sinsabaugh RL, Turner BL, Talbot JM, Waring BG, Powers JS, Kuske CR, Moorhead DL, Follstad Shah JJ. Stoichiometry of microbial carbon use efficiency in soils. ECOL MONOGR 2016. [DOI: 10.1890/15-2110.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Benjamin L. Turner
- Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Apartado 0843‐03092 Balboa, Ancon Panama
| | - Jennifer M. Talbot
- Department of Biology Boston University 5 Cummington Mall Boston Massachusetts 02215 USA
| | - Bonnie G. Waring
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Jennifer S. Powers
- Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Behavior University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
- Department of Plant Biology University of Minnesota St. Paul Minnesota 55108 USA
| | - Cheryl R. Kuske
- Bioscience Division Los Alamos National Laboratory Los Alamos New Mexico 87545 USA
| | - Daryl L. Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences University of Toledo 2810 West Bancroft Street Toledo Ohio 43606 USA
| | - Jennifer J. Follstad Shah
- Environmental and Sustainable Studies Program University of Utah 260 South Central Campus Drive Salt Lake City Utah 84112 USA
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Helbing CM, Moorhead DL, Mitchell L. Population Dynamics of Culex restuans and Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) Related to Climatic Factors in Northwest Ohio. Environ Entomol 2015; 44:1022-1028. [PMID: 26314047 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvv094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Two species of Culex mosquitoes are common throughout much of North America. Culex restuans Theobold is a native species, whereas Culex pipiens L. is a European immigrant that has been in North America since the 1600s. Larvae of Cx. restuans are numerically dominant in spring and early summer but Cx. pipiens dominates by mid-summer. This transition is termed the "Culex crossover" and has been previously explored in larval populations, largely because Cx. pipiens is more likely to transfer West Nile virus to humans. Adult mosquitoes of both species were captured in 14 light traps in Lucas County, OH, between May and October 1980-2011. We examined this 31-yr, continuous record of adult populations for signs of a species crossover, relationships between abundances of both species and climate factors, and evidence of interspecific competition. The total cumulative degree-days (above 0°C), total cumulative precipitation, and total number of each species were calculated for each day of January-September (annual) and May-September (mosquito season) of each year. On average, adult Cx. pipiens became numerically dominant over Cx. restuans on day 175 ± 21 (June 24), consistent with the Culex crossover reported for their larvae. Pearson correlations showed that abundances of both species were related to temperature and precipitation, but Cx. pipiens tended to be positively related to climatic factors, whereas Cx. restuans showed negative correlations. Moreover, abundances of the two species were more positively than negatively related to one another, providing no evidence of interspecific competition.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Helbing
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - D L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo 2801 West Bancroft St., Toledo, Ohio 43606.
| | - L Mitchell
- Toledo Area Sanitary District, Toledo, Ohio 5015 Stickney Ave., Toledo, Ohio 43612 (retired)
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Rinkes ZL, Sinsabaugh RL, Moorhead DL, Grandy AS, Weintraub MN. Field and lab conditions alter microbial enzyme and biomass dynamics driving decomposition of the same leaf litter. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:260. [PMID: 24027563 PMCID: PMC3760071 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 08/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluctuations in climate and edaphic factors influence field decomposition rates and preclude a complete understanding of how microbial communities respond to plant litter quality. In contrast, laboratory microcosms isolate the intrinsic effects of litter chemistry and microbial community from extrinsic effects of environmental variation. Used together, these paired approaches provide mechanistic insights to decomposition processes. In order to elucidate the microbial mechanisms underlying how environmental conditions alter the trajectory of decay, we characterized microbial biomass, respiration, enzyme activities, and nutrient dynamics during early (<10% mass loss), mid- (10-40% mass loss), and late (>40% mass loss) decay in parallel field and laboratory litter bag incubations for deciduous tree litters with varying recalcitrance (dogwood < maple < maple-oak mixture < oak). In the field, mass loss was minimal (<10%) over the first 50 days (January-February), even for labile litter types, despite above-freezing soil temperatures and adequate moisture during these winter months. In contrast, microcosms displayed high C mineralization rates in the first week. During mid-decay, the labile dogwood and maple litters in the field had higher mass loss per unit enzyme activity than the lab, possibly due to leaching of soluble compounds. Microbial biomass to litter mass (B:C) ratios peaked in the field during late decay, but B:C ratios declined between mid- and late decay in the lab. Thus, microbial biomass did not have a consistent relationship with litter quality between studies. Higher oxidative enzyme activities in oak litters in the field, and higher nitrogen (N) accumulation in the lab microcosms occurred in late decay. We speculate that elevated N suppressed fungal activity and/or biomass in microcosms. Our results suggest that differences in microbial biomass and enzyme dynamics alter the decay trajectory of the same leaf litter under field and lab conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary L Rinkes
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo OH, USA
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Moorhead DL, Rinkes ZL, Sinsabaugh RL, Weintraub MN. Dynamic relationships between microbial biomass, respiration, inorganic nutrients and enzyme activities: informing enzyme-based decomposition models. Front Microbiol 2013; 4:223. [PMID: 23964272 PMCID: PMC3740267 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2013.00223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/24/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We re-examined data from a recent litter decay study to determine if additional insights could be gained to inform decomposition modeling. Rinkes et al. (2013) conducted 14-day laboratory incubations of sugar maple (Acer saccharum) or white oak (Quercus alba) leaves, mixed with sand (0.4% organic C content) or loam (4.1% organic C). They measured microbial biomass C, carbon dioxide efflux, soil ammonium, nitrate, and phosphate concentrations, and β-glucosidase (BG), β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase (NAG), and acid phosphatase (AP) activities on days 1, 3, and 14. Analyses of relationships among variables yielded different insights than original analyses of individual variables. For example, although respiration rates per g soil were higher for loam than sand, rates per g soil C were actually higher for sand than loam, and rates per g microbial C showed little difference between treatments. Microbial biomass C peaked on day 3 when biomass-specific activities of enzymes were lowest, suggesting uptake of litter C without extracellular hydrolysis. This result refuted a common model assumption that all enzyme production is constitutive and thus proportional to biomass, and/or indicated that part of litter decay is independent of enzyme activity. The length and angle of vectors defined by ratios of enzyme activities (BG/NAG vs. BG/AP) represent relative microbial investments in C (length), and N and P (angle) acquiring enzymes. Shorter lengths on day 3 suggested low C limitation, whereas greater lengths on day 14 suggested an increase in C limitation with decay. The soils and litter in this study generally had stronger P limitation (angles >45°). Reductions in vector angles to <45° for sand by day 14 suggested a shift to N limitation. These relational variables inform enzyme-based models, and are usually much less ambiguous when obtained from a single study in which measurements were made on the same samples than when extrapolated from separate studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Moorhead
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo Toledo, OH, USA
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Sinsabaugh RL, Manzoni S, Moorhead DL, Richter A. Carbon use efficiency of microbial communities: stoichiometry, methodology and modelling. Ecol Lett 2013; 16:930-9. [PMID: 23627730 DOI: 10.1111/ele.12113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 185] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2013] [Revised: 02/20/2013] [Accepted: 03/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Carbon use efficiency (CUE) is a fundamental parameter for ecological models based on the physiology of microorganisms. CUE determines energy and material flows to higher trophic levels, conversion of plant-produced carbon into microbial products and rates of ecosystem carbon storage. Thermodynamic calculations support a maximum CUE value of ~ 0.60 (CUE max). Kinetic and stoichiometric constraints on microbial growth suggest that CUE in multi-resource limited natural systems should approach ~ 0.3 (CUE max /2). However, the mean CUE values reported for aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems differ by twofold (~ 0.26 vs. ~ 0.55) because the methods used to estimate CUE in aquatic and terrestrial systems generally differ and soil estimates are less likely to capture the full maintenance costs of community metabolism given the difficulty of measurements in water-limited environments. Moreover, many simulation models lack adequate representation of energy spilling pathways and stoichiometric constraints on metabolism, which can also lead to overestimates of CUE. We recommend that broad-scale models use a CUE value of 0.30, unless there is evidence for lower values as a result of pervasive nutrient limitations. Ecosystem models operating at finer scales should consider resource composition, stoichiometric constraints and biomass composition, as well as environmental drivers, to predict the CUE of microbial communities.
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Rinkes ZL, Weintraub MN, DeForest JL, Moorhead DL. Microbial substrate preference and community dynamics during decomposition of Acer saccharum. FUNGAL ECOL 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.funeco.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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McKnight DM, Runkel RL, Tate CM, Duff JH, Moorhead DL. Inorganic N and P dynamics of Antarctic glacial meltwater streams as controlled by hyporheic exchange and benthic autotrophic communities. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1899/0887-3593(2004)023<0171:inapdo>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Moorhead DL, Barrett JE, Virginia RA, Wall DH, Porazinska D. Organic matter and soil biota of upland wetlands in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Polar Biol 2003. [DOI: 10.1007/s00300-003-0524-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Doran PT, Priscu JC, Lyons WB, Walsh JE, Fountain AG, McKnight DM, Moorhead DL, Virginia RA, Wall DH, Clow GD, Fritsen CH, McKay CP, Parsons AN. Antarctic climate cooling and terrestrial ecosystem response. Nature 2002; 415:517-20. [PMID: 11793010 DOI: 10.1038/nature710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The average air temperature at the Earth's surface has increased by 0.06 degrees C per decade during the 20th century, and by 0.19 degrees C per decade from 1979 to 1998. Climate models generally predict amplified warming in polar regions, as observed in Antarctica's peninsula region over the second half of the 20th century. Although previous reports suggest slight recent continental warming, our spatial analysis of Antarctic meteorological data demonstrates a net cooling on the Antarctic continent between 1966 and 2000, particularly during summer and autumn. The McMurdo Dry Valleys have cooled by 0.7 degrees C per decade between 1986 and 2000, with similar pronounced seasonal trends. Summer cooling is particularly important to Antarctic terrestrial ecosystems that are poised at the interface of ice and water. Here we present data from the dry valleys representing evidence of rapid terrestrial ecosystem response to climate cooling in Antarctica, including decreased primary productivity of lakes (6-9% per year) and declining numbers of soil invertebrates (more than 10% per year). Continental Antarctic cooling, especially the seasonality of cooling, poses challenges to models of climate and ecosystem change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter T Doran
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 845 West Taylor Street, Chicago, Illinois 60607, USA.
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Moorhead DL, Doran PT, Fountain AG, Lyons WB, McKnight DM, Priscu JC, Virginia RA, Wall DH. Ecological Legacies: Impacts on Ecosystems of the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Bioscience 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/1313734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Fountain AG, Lyons WB, Burkins MB, Dana GL, Doran PT, Lewis KJ, McKnight DM, Moorhead DL, Parsons AN, Priscu JC, Wall DH, Wharton RA, Virginia RA. Physical Controls on the Taylor Valley Ecosystem, Antarctica. Bioscience 1999. [DOI: 10.2307/1313730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Moorhead DL, Westerfield MM, Zak JC. Plants retard litter decay in a nutrient-limited soil: a case of exploitative competition? Oecologia 1998; 113:530-536. [DOI: 10.1007/s004420050406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Moorhead DL, Wolf CF, Wharton RA. Impact of light regimes on productivity patterns of benthic microbial mats in an antarctic lake: a modeling study. Limnol Oceanogr 1997; 42:1561-1569. [PMID: 11541255 DOI: 10.4319/lo.1997.42.7.1561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Filamentous cyanobacteria often dominate benthic microbial communities of antarctic lakes and usually exhibit saturation of photosynthesis at light intensities approximately 100 microEinst m-2 s-1. Incident light regimes are controlled by ice and snow accumulations overlaying water columns during much of the year. Thus, light availability to microbial mats is often below saturation intensity and is strongly influenced by modest changes in climatic factors. A model of net primary production for benthic mat communities of the subantarctic Sombre Lake, Signy Island, was developed (1) to evaluate depth-specific productivities of mat communities, (2) to test the relative importances of model parameters to mat production, and (3) to explore the potential impacts of climate change on mat production as manifested through changes in light regime. Simulated rates of net primary production corresponded to observations on a daily basis (approximately 1-4 micrograms C fixed mg-1 ash-free DW of mat d-1) but were an order of magnitude lower than estimates of net annual production based on field measurements (< or = 3 vs. 11-45 g C m-2 yr-1, respectively). Close examination suggested that the simulated values were more plausible. A detailed sensitivity analysis of model behavior revealed that variations in the time of ice and snow melt in spring accounted for 40-60% of the total variation in model behavior, emphasizing the importance of climatic factors to net primary production of mat communities and the sensitivity of mat production to climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Moorhead
- Department of Biological Sciences, Texas Tech University, Lubbock 79409-3131, USA
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Willig MR, Moorhead DL, Cox SB, Zak JC. Functional Diversity of Soil Bacterial Communities in the Tabonuco Forest: Interaction of Anthropogenic and Natural Disturbance. Biotropica 1996. [DOI: 10.2307/2389089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Grantham ÖK, Moorhead DL, Willig MR. Feeding Preference of an Aquatic Gastropod, Marisa cornuarietis: Effects of Pre-Exposure. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/1467624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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24
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Moorhead DL, Reynolds JF. Effects of Climate Change on Decomposition in Arctic Tussock Tundra: A Modeling Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/1551923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moorhead DL, Reynolds JF. Changing Carbon Chemistry of Buried Creosote Bush Litter during Decomposition in the Northern Chihuahuan Desert. American Midland Naturalist 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/2426277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moorhead DL, Kroehler CJ, Linkins AE, Reynolds JF. Extracellular Acid Phosphatase Activities in Eriophorum vaginatum Tussocks: A Modeling Synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.2307/1551480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Moorhead DL, Reynolds JF, Whitford WG. A conceptual model for primary productivity, decomposition and nitrogen cycling in the Chihuahuan creosotebush desert. Tree Physiol 1986; 2:215-222. [PMID: 14975855 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/2.1-2-3.215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The conceptual framework for a simulation model of primary productivity, decomposition and nitrogen cycling in a shrub-dominated desert ecosystem in southern New Mexico is presented. This model is based on our previous attempt to simulate carbon allocation patterns in the desert shrub Larrea tridentata Cov., which demonstrated that moisture patterns alone are insufficient to predict desert productivity. These results, as well as others, suggest that mineral nutrients, especially nitrogen, may also be an important determinant of productivity in arid environments. Our current research in the Chihuahuan desert is directed towards elucidating the numerous biotic and abiotic interactions that determine the rates and directions of carbon, nitrogen and water fluxes in this ecosystem. The development of this working model will serve as a tool to accomplish three major objectives: (1) to synthesize the large amount of existing data on decomposition and nitrogen cycling in deserts, (2) to quantify our present state of knowledge about the structure and function of ecosystem components important in carbon and nitrogen dynamics in deserts, and (3) to address hypotheses concerning the complex mechanisms of interactions and feedbacks among the organisms involved in carbon and nitrogen exchanges in deserts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl L. Moorhead
- Biology Department, Box 3AF, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA
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Harder JD, Moorhead DL. Development of corpora lutea and plasma progesterone levels associated with the onset of the breeding season in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). Biol Reprod 1980; 22:185-91. [PMID: 7189676 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod22.2.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
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